♫఍䞉ᩥ໬㻌㻞㻱㼂㻜㻟㻜㻌
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻟 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅㻌
⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢᕪ␗໬࡟㛵ࢃࡿせᅉ
௚⪅ᚿྥࠊ⮬ᚊᚿྥࠊ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࠊ2D4D
኱Ụ᭸Ꮚ
㸦ΎἨዪᏛ㝔኱Ꮫே㛫Ꮫ㒊㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢᕪ␗໬ࠊ㢧ᅾ ᗘࠊ2D:4D
Possible factors contributing to self-other differentiation: Other- and autonomy-oriented tendency, self-esteem, and 2D4D
Tomoko OE
(Seisen Jogakuin College)
Key words: self-other differentiation, explicit measure, 2D:4D
ࡓࠋ஧ᅇ┠ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊᤵᴗ᫬㛫እ࡟ 1㹼5 ྡࢆ㞟ࡵࠊᣦࡢ㛗
⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࢆᕪ␗໬ࡍࡿഴྥࡣࠊඹឤᛶࠊᨷᧁᛶࠊ⮬ᑛឤ
ࡉࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋ୕ᅇ┠ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ௚⪅ᚿྥ࡜⮬ᚊᚿྥࡢ ᝟ࠊ㞟ᅋ㛫ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞ഴྥࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃
ᐃࢆᤵᴗ୰࡟⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛㄪᰝࡢ㛫㝸ࡣ 1㹼2 ࣧ᭶࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋOe, Hirabayashi, Numazaki, & Shigemasu (2008) ࡣࠊ
⤖ ᯝ
⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࢆ₯ᅾⓗ࡟ᕪ␗໬ࡍࡿഴྥࢆ₯ᅾ㐃ྜㄢ㢟ࢆ⏝࠸
ᑻᗘ໬ ௚⪅ᚿྥࠊ⮬ᚊᚿྥࠊ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡢྛᑻᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
࡚ ᐃࡋࠊࡑࡢᕪ␗໬ഴྥ࡜ᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚ㸦2D:4D㸧࡜ࡢ㛫
ᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ1 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊྛᑻ
࡟ẚ㍑ⓗᏳᐃࡋࡓ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢ
ᗘ ࡢ 㡯 ┠ ࡢ ༢ ⣧ ຍ ⟬ ᖹ ᆒ ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࠊ alpha
ẚࡣࠊ⫾ඣᮇ࡟࠶ࡧࡿᛶ࣍ࣝࣔࣥࡢ⃰ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡿ
= .707, .650, .827㸧ࠋ್ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࠊ⮬ศࡼࡾࡶ௚
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢᨷᧁᛶࡸඹឤᛶ࡟ࡲ࡛ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿせᅉ࡜
⪅ࢆඃඛࡍࡿഴྥࠊ⮬ศࡶ௚ேࡶ⮬ᚊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿഴྥࠊ
ࡋ࡚◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢẚࡣ㢧ᅾⓗ࡞㞟ᅋ㛫ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡟ࡶ
⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡀᙉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
㛵ಀࡋࠊẚࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸦⸆ᣦ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ேᕪᣦࡀ㛗࠸࡯࡝㸧ࠊ
ᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚࡣࠊྛཧຍ⪅ࡢྛᣦ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ ᐃ⪅㛫ࡢᖹᆒ
ேࡣෆ㞟ᅋࡼࡾࡶእ㞟ᅋࢆྰᐃⓗ࡟ホ౯ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Oe,
ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓᚋࠊྛཧຍ⪅ࡢᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚࢆྑᡭ࡜ᕥᡭࡢࡑࢀ
Kim, & Shigemasu, 2007㸧ࠋ㞟ᅋ㛫ࡢᕪ␗໬ࢆᢅࡗࡓࡇࡢ◊✲
ࡒࢀ࡛⟬ฟࡋࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟୧ᡭࡢẚࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ್ࡀ㧗
࡛ࡣ㢧ᅾ ᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ࢆᢅࡗࡓ Oe et al.
࠸࡯࡝ࠊ⸆ᣦ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ேᕪᣦࡀ㛗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
(2008) ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ₯ᅾ ᗘࡢࡳࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲
ᕪ␗໬ᚓⅬ࡟ࡣࠊḟࡢ 3 ✀㢮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ(1)⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ 1㸸
࡛ࡣࠊ㢧ᅾ ᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ࡟ࡶࠊ⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬࡜ᣦࡢ㛗ࡉ
ࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘ࠿ࡽࠕ௚ேࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ್ࠊ
ࡢẚ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࠊྠᵝࡢ㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
(2)⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ 2㸸
ࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘ࠿ࡽࠊ௚ே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿせᅉࡣࠊ௚࡟ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊
ᗘ㸦ࠕ20 ௦ࡢேࠖ࡜ࠕ70 ௦ࡢேࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘࡢᖹᆒ್㸧
✲࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡼࡾࡶ௚⪅ࢆඃඛࡍࡿഴྥ㸦௚
⪅ᚿྥ㸧ࠊ⮬ศࡶ௚⪅ࡶ⮬ᚊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿഴྥ㸦⮬ᚊᚿྥ㸧ࠊ ࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ್ࠊ(3)㞟ᅋ㛫ࡢᕪ␗໬㸸ࠕ20 ௦ࡢேࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘ
࠿ࡽࠕ70 ௦ࡢேࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘࢆᘬ࠸ࡓ್ࠋ
⮬ศࢆ⫯ᐃⓗ࡟࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿഴྥ㸦⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽ
ྛ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜௚ࡢ ᗘ࡜ࡢ┦㛵 ௚⪅ᚿྥࡣࠊᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢ
ࡢせᅉࡀ⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ࠊཬࡧࠊᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵
ẚ࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵࡟ࠊ⮬ᚊᚿྥࠊཬࡧࠊ3
✀㢮ࡢᕪ␗໬ᚓⅬ࡜㈇
ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ
ࡢ┦㛵࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸦p < .01㸧ࠋ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡣࠊ2 ✀㢮ࡢ⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗
᪉ ἲ
໬࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸦p < .01㸧ࠋᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚࡣࠊ㞟ᅋ㛫ࡢ
ㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ 㛵ᮾᅪෆࡢ 1 ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᴫㄽⓗ࡞ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ
ㅮ⩏ࢆᒚಟࡍࡿᏛ⏕ 446 ྡ㸦⏨ᛶ 227 ྡࠊዪᛶ 219 ྡ㸧ࠋ௨ୗ
ᕪ␗໬࡜㈇ࡢ┦㛵࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸦p < .05㸧ࠋ
ࡢ ᐃࡢ඲࡚࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ⪅ࡣ 187 ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᕪ␗໬ᚓⅬ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ ⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ᚓⅬ 3 ✀㢮
ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࠊ௚⪅ᚿྥࠊ⮬ᚊᚿྥࠊ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࠊᣦࡢ㛗ࡉ
௚⪅ᚿྥ ࠕࢃࡓࡋࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢᚰ㓄ࡼࡾࡶࠊ௚ேࡢᚰ㓄ࢆ
ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠖ
ࠕ⮬ศࡀ࠶ࡲࡾᖾࡏ࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ࿘ࡾ
ࡢẚࠊᛶูࠊᖺ㱋ࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑ
ࡢேࡀᖾࡏࡔ࡜࠺ࢀࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝ࠊィ 5 㡯┠ࢆ 5 ௳ἲ࡛ホᐃࡉ
ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ(1)⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ 1 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௚⪅ᚿྥ㸦b = -.287,
ࡏࡓ㸦࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸(1)㹼࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ(5)㸧ࠋ
p < .01㸧ࠊ⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸦b = .345, p < .01㸧ࠊᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚ㸦b = .171,
⮬ᚊᚿྥ ࠕே࡟ぶษ࡟ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶࡲࡎࠊ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆࡋ
p < .05㸧ࡢຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྠᵝ࡟ࠊ(2)⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ 2
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ
ࠕ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ࠊ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ௚⪅ᚿྥ㸦b = -.180, p < .05㸧ࠊ⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸦b = .470,
௚ேࡢᚰ㓄ࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡯࠺ࡀࡼ࠸ࠖ
ࠕ௰㛫ࡣࡎࢀ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿே
p < .01㸧ࠊᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚ㸦b = .141, p = .05㸧ࡢຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶
ࡣࠊ௚⪅࡟⁐ࡅ㎸ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ດຊࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝ࠊィ
ࡗࡓࠋ(3)㞟ᅋ㛫ࡢᕪ␗໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢせᅉࡶ᭷ព࡛
9 㡯┠ࢆ 5 ௳ἲ࡛ホᐃࡉࡏࡓ㸦࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸(1)㹼࠶࡚ࡣࡲ
ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡿ(5)㸧ࠋ
⪃ ᐹ
⮬ᑛឤ᝟ Rosenberg㸦1965㸧ࡢ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ᑻᗘ㸦10 㡯┠㸧
⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢ㢧ᅾⓗ࡞ᕪ␗໬࡟ࡣࠊ௚⪅ᚿྥࠊ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࠊ
ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸦࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸(1)㹼࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ(5)㸧ࠋ
ᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚࡀ㛵ಀࡋࠊ⮬ᚊᚿྥࡣ㛵ಀࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᣦࡢ㛗
ᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚ ᐃ⪅ 2 ྡࡀ⊂❧࡟ࠊྛཧຍ⪅ࡢ୧ᡭࡢே
ࡉࡢẚࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ₯ᅾ ᗘ࡛ࡢ⮬௚ࡢᕪ␗໬ࢆᢅࡗࡓඛ⾜◊
ᕪᣦ࡜⸆ᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࢆࠊ㟁Ꮚࣀࢠࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 0.01mm ༢఩࡛ ✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᣦࡢ㛗ࡉࡢẚࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸦⸆ᣦ
ᐃࡋࡓࠋ
࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ேᕪᣦࡀ㛗࠸࡯࡝㸧ࠊ⮬௚ࢆᕪ␗໬ࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢᕪ␗໬ Oe et al. (2007)࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊឤ᝟ ᗘィ
₯ᅾ ᗘ࡜㢧ᅾ ᗘ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡣ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ศࠊ௚ேࠊ20 ௦ࡢேࠊ70 ௦ࡢே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᗘࢆ
࡜ࡀከࡃሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓᕪ␗໬ഴྥ࡟ࡶࠊ
ᅇ⟅ࡉࡏࡓ㸦෭ࡓ࠸/ዲࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸(0)㹼࠶ࡓࡓ࠿࠸/ዲࡲࡋ࠸
ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㞟ᅋ
(100)㸧ࠋ
㛫ࡢᕪ␗໬࡛ᕪࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ
ᡭ⥆ࡁ ㄪᰝࡣ 3 ᅇ࡟ศࡅ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ᭱ึࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ
࡝ࡀ 10 ௦࡛࠶ࡾࠊ20 ௦ࢆෆ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡣࡳ࡞ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶ
⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࠊཬࡧࠊ⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢᕪ␗໬ࡢ ᐃࢆᤵᴗ୰࡟⾜ࡗ
ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
̿ 216 ̿