Composition H – Unit 7 – Useful Phrases for Procedural (Instructional) Essays (17 October 2014) Kris Sullivan 1 Useful Phrases for Procedural/Instructional Essays 1. a) Giving detail with “adjectives”: It’s important to give much detail in Procedural Essays. We can use adjectives to do this. Adjectives can come before or after a noun. “Nouns” and “participles” can also act like adjectives. Decide whether the following phrases are “adjective + noun”, “noun + noun” or “participle + noun”, and write them in the table below. tightly-closed jar coffee beans non-dairy creamer filtered water paper filter adjective + noun ground coffee fresh cream noun + noun electric grinder bottled water spring water participle + noun b) Create “(adverb) past participle + noun” sets to describe the following: i. 壊れたパソコン ____________________________________________ ii. 推薦図書 ____________________________________________ iii. 隠れた動機 ____________________________________________ iv. 干し椎茸 ____________________________________________ v. ピカピカに磨いた靴 ____________________________________________ vi. 手動機械 ____________________________________________ vii. 最近雇用された労働者 ____________________________________________ viii. よく書けたエッセイ ____________________________________________ ix. 染みができているシャツ ____________________________________________ x. 焼きたてのパン ____________________________________________ xi. 最近導入された政策 ____________________________________________ xii. 指定[予約]席 ____________________________________________ xiii. ………………………………………… ____________________________________________ xiv. ………………………………………… ____________________________________________ Composition H – Unit 7 – Useful Phrases for Procedural (Instructional) Essays (17 October 2014) Kris Sullivan 2 2. Showing emphasis: In our essays, some steps are more important than others. It is important to make this clear. We can do this by using phrases like: * Make sure (that) you warm up before exercising. * Be sure to warm up before exercising. Or: * It’s important to warm up before exercising. 必ず～しなさい, することを忘れないで, ～するように気を付けなさい, ～するように synonyms of important: ___________________ * The most important thing is to warm up before exercising. * Don’t f__ __ __ __ __ to warm up before exercising. * R__ __ __ __ __ __ __ to warm up before exercising. Use these phrases to write 2 important steps to follow when writing an essay for Kris’s class: a) ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Give ideas for alternatives and options: * Add milk and sugar if desired. (お好みで、お好みならば、必要なら、必要に応じて) * Add salt and pepper to taste. (好みに合わせて → USED ONLY FOR FOOD) * If necessary, consult a doctor before starting your new exercise program. (必要であれば) * If preferred, use fresh cream instead of milk. (その方が良ければ) Use these phrases to introduce 2 options/alternatives when writing an essay for Kris’s class: a) ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Composition H – Unit 7 – Useful Phrases for Procedural (Instructional) Essays (17 October 2014) Kris Sullivan 4. Be specific about purpose: 3 Change the adjectives, nouns and verbs as necessary! * For best flavor, it should take 4.5-5 minutes for the water to pass through the filter. * To achieve the best flavor, use high quality coffee beans. * In order to make great coffee, it’s important to use filtered water. * So as not to burn your coffee grounds, make sure you allow the boiled water to cool. Use these phrases to introduce 2 pieces of advice for when writing an essay for Kris’s class: a) ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ b) ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. As always, you need to be careful with articles & determiners. Fill in the gaps with the correct article (冠詞：a/an/the) or determiner (限定詞：my/this/that/some/etc etc). Here is a recipe for a delicious egg sandwich, perfect for a light lunch or snack. First, buy __________ eggs, bread, mayonnaise, salt, pepper, and __________ saucepan if necessary. When you start feeling hungry, begin your preparations. Fill __________ saucepan with 3 cups of water and bring to the boil. Add __________ eggs, and boil them for 10 minutes. 6. Translate the following sentences, keeping in mind the language rules for “how to” essays. a) にんじんと玉ねぎは５ｍｍ厚さの輪切りにする。小鍋にバター大さじ２を溶かし、にんじんと 玉ねぎを入れて炒める。 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Composition H – Unit 7 – Useful Phrases for Procedural (Instructional) Essays (17 October 2014) Kris Sullivan 4 b) 開封後はすぐに早くお召し上がりください。 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ c) 乳幼児の手の届かないところで保管してください。 __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ d) Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Next week’s class: Î Business Writing Homework: 1. Read the 3 “example essays” to get a better understanding of this essay genre 2. Plan your essay
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