Omologazione 11°Giornata Ritorno Serie A Femminile 24/03/2015

GNSS seismology for the 2012 Mw = 6.1 Emilia Earthquake:
exploiting the VADASE algorithm
E. Benedetti1, M. Branzanti1, L. Biagi2, G. Colosimo1,
A. Mazzoni1 and M. Crespi1
Corresponding author: E. Benedetti, Geodesy and Geomatics Division, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza, via Eudossiana 18, Rome,
Italy. ([email protected])
1 Geodesy
and Geomatics Division,
Department of Civil, Constructional and
Environmental Engineering University of
Rome La Sapienza, via Eudossiana 18, Rome,
Italy
2 Politecnico
di Milano, DICA at Geomatics
Laboratory of Como Campus, via Valleggio 11,
Como, Italy
2
1. Introduction
This electronic supplement contains three tables and five figures. They are provided in one
PDF file that can be downloaded and off line printed and read.
The paper presents the application to the Emilia (Italy) earthquake (Mw=6.1, May 20, 2012,
02:03:51 UTC) of VADASE algorithm, able to estimate coseismic displacements and waveforms both in real-time and off-line, in a global reference frame, just using the standard broadcast products and carrier phase observations continuously collected by a stand-alone GNSS
receiver. VADASE has been used off-line, since no real-time data were available, and its solutions have been compared with those coming from four well known scientific software used
as reference: TRACK, Bernese, APP-PPP and CSRS-PPP. We collected 1 Hz data at seven
GPS permanent stations and, at first, we estimated the coseismic displacements and waveforms
through the ionospheric-free combination L3 over an interval of 2 minutes. Then, we repeated
the computation just using L1, since VADASE is also able to work with single frequency data
only. Overall, in both cases, the agreement between VADASE and the reference software were
assessed at 1-2 cm level, slightly worse for the L1 solutions, being the agreement among the
four reference software at 0.5 - 1.5 cm level. The results are discussed in the full paper that has
been published on SRL journal and can be downloaded from SRL website.
All the tables and the figures of this electronic supplement report analytical statistics and
detailed graphics that support the results and the conclusions of the paper. As the tables are
concerned, the paper contains the synthetic main statistics of the different solutions. Table S1
and S2 of this electronic supplement provide more detailed statistics of the individual solutions:
in particular they compare statistical indexes for VADASE, APP, CSRS, Bernese and TRACK
3
software solutions, in the pre-event and during the event for all the stations. Table S3 compares
the results of the different software in a particular processing (data sampling at 30 seconds) of
MO05 station, that is the only one that experienced a significant displacement after the event.
As the figures are concerned, the paper contains the time series of the coordinates solutions
only for two (the most significant) stations. In the electronic supplement, figures from S1 to S5
report the time series of the solutions for all the other stations.
3
19
19
15
21
25
8
21
23
average −2 26
MOPS st. dev
6 14
RMSE
6 30
4 36
6 19
7 41
average
MO05 st. dev
RMSE
average −2 29
st. dev
6 15
RMSE
6 32
−6
12
14
−8
13
16
2 −9
4
6
5 10
2
3
4
2 31 −14
10 17
11
10 36
18
21
12
24
16 −2
7
5
18
5
−1 −9 −3
4
5
9
4 11 10
8
17
19
−6 22 −11
8 13
17
10 26
20
3 33
8 20
9 38
1
6
6
−2 −4
2
3
3
5
0 −1 −3
2
3
4
2
3
5
−1 −5 −9
3
5
8
4
7 12
4 −3 −7
3
5
9
4
6 11
−4
9
10
−8 27 −15
8 14
12
11 30
20
−3 28
8 14
8 31
−4 21
8 11
9 24
1 25
8 14
8 29
N Up
E
Up
APP
N
4
9
10
Up
1
2
3
4
3
3
3
6
6
−2 −6
3
4
3
7
2 −2
4
4
4
4
−2 −1
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
−8
6
10
−3
8
8
12
7
14
−7
7
9
1
4
4
0 −4 −12
3
4
9
3
5
15
4 −1
4
5
6
5
E
CSRS
1
3
3
4
6
7
N Up
0
3
3
2
4
5
15
10
18
2 −9
1
4
2 10
4
2
4
5
4
7
7 −7
6
5
9
9
−3 −1 −3
2
2
9
3
3
9
2
3
3
−4
2
4
1
1
2
−1 −3 −1
2
3
5
2
4
5
5
3
6
E
BERNESE
5 −4
3 16
6 17
N Up
1
1
2
2
3
4
8
6
10
5
4
6
−2 −2
3
2
3
3
4
5
7
pre-event situation. The results were obtained considering 1 Hz observations over the 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012
- 02:02:00 to 02:04:00 GPS time.
6
10
12
12
10
16
12
17
21
28
17
33
2 −3 −3
2
1
5
3
3
6
5
2
6
−1 −2 −3
2
2
5
2
3
6
−1
2
3
E
TRACK
Table S1: Statistical indexes (in millimeters) for VADASE, APP, CSRS, Bernese and TRACK software solutions, in a
average
SERM st. dev
RMSE
SBPO
8
19
20
7
18
20
average −1 26
MODE st. dev
6 14
RMSE
6 30
0 30
7 17
7 34
5
18
19
average −1 26
st. dev
7 14
RMSE
7 30
FERA
7
17
18
2 25
7 14
7 28
average
BOLO st. dev
RMSE
N
E
E
N Up
VADASE L3
VADASE L1
4
5
FERA
average
st. dev
RMSE
APP
CSRS
BERNESE
TRACK
N
Up
−6
6
8
E
9
8
12
−12 −3
5
8
13
9
N Up
−10 −3
5
8
11
9
8
8
11
E
3
14
14
−10 −3
5
8
11
9
0
9
9
N Up
2
8
8
3
6
7
−10 −2
5
8
11
8
E
−6
4
7
2
7
7
8
8
11
Up
E
5 −10
8
8
10
13
−12
5
13
−10 −2
5
8
11
9
N
N Up
3
6
7
4
3
5
VADASE L1
E
−9
3
10
1
7
7
0
7
7
−8 −1 −19
5
9
12
9
9
22
9
8
12
−10
3
10
−8
4
9
average 10 −4
BOLO st. dev 5
2
RMSE 11
4
19
10
21
13
10
16
11
13
17
4
2
4
4
7
8
−9 −2
5
8
10
8
0
1
1
−8
3
8
7
8
11
8
5
9
−9 −3
4
8
10
9
6 −1
3
1
6
1
7
8
11
average
MODE st. dev
RMSE
−8 −1
4
6
9
6
−8
3
8
14
11
18
10
5
11
4
7
8
6 −2
3
1
7
2
6
7
9
average
MOPS st. dev
RMSE
−12 −5
6 11
13 13
9 −4
10
8
13
9
8
8
11
14
9
17
−12 −6
6 11
14 13
1
4
4
3
3
4
3
2
4
−10
4
11
−12 −5
5
9
13 10
average
st. dev
RMSE
11
6
12
−6
6
9
MO05
0
7
7
1
6
6
−5
3
6
−10 −3
5
9
11
9
8
6
10
10
9
13
4
1
4
−10 −2
5
8
11
9
6
3
7
−10 −3
4
6
11
7
9
5
11
average
st. dev
RMSE
11
7
13
1
6
6
SBPO
1
7
7
18
15
24
−9
4
10
−11 −3
5
8
12
9
10
8
12
9
8
12
0
1
1
−10 −3
5
8
11
9
5
3
6
6
3
7
average
SERM st. dev
RMSE
Table S2: Statistical indexes (in millimeters) considering 1 Hz observations over the 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012
- 02:04:00 to 02:06:00 GPS time.
6
E
N
mm mm
MO05 30 s
Up
mm
VADASE L3 solution in comparison with:
average
VADASE L1 st. dev
RMSE
3
2
3
0
4
4
12
12
17
average
st. dev
RMSE
−7
5
8
1
13
13
−3
7
8
CSRS
average −10
st. dev
7
RMSE
12
−2
12
12
4
4
6
BERNESE
average −12
st. dev
8
RMSE
14
−6
13
14
6
6
9
TRACK
average −12
st. dev
8
RMSE
14
−5
13
14
4
6
7
APP
Table S3: Statistical indexes calculated from
comparison among VADASE, APP, CSRS,
Bernese and TRACK solutions. All results were
obtained considering 30 seconds sampling rate
observations of the MO05 station over the 120
seconds interval May 20, 2012 - 02:04:00 to
02:06:00 GPS time.
7
Displ. Up [m]
Displ. N [m]
Displ. E [m]
Emilia Earthquake May 20th, 2012 - BOLO - Bologna
0.08
0.06 VAD
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
02:04:00 02:04:15
APP
CSR
02:04:30
02:04:45
02:05:00 02:05:15
GPS Time
TRA
BER
02:05:30
02:05:45
02:06:00
Figure S1: Comparison among VADASE and reference solutions at BOLO station
(1 Hz observations over 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012 - 02:04:00-02:06:00
GPS time, ionosphere-free processing).
8
Displ. Up [m]
Displ. N [m]
Displ. E [m]
Emilia Earthquake May 20th, 2012 - FERA - Ferrara
0.08
0.06 VAD
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
02:04:00 02:04:15
APP
CSR
02:04:30
02:04:45
02:05:00 02:05:15
GPS Time
TRA
BER
02:05:30
02:05:45
02:06:00
Figure S2: Comparison among VADASE and reference solutions at FERA station
(1 Hz observations over 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012 - 02:04:00-02:06:00
GPS time, ionosphere-free processing).
Displ. Up [m]
Displ. N [m]
Displ. E [m]
9
Emilia Earthquake May 20th, 2012 - MOPS - Modena University
0.08
APP
TRA
0.06 VAD
CSR
BER
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
02:04:00 02:04:15 02:04:30 02:04:45 02:05:00 02:05:15 02:05:30 02:05:45
GPS Time
02:06:00
Figure S3: Comparison among VADASE and reference solutions at MOPS station
(1 Hz observations over 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012 - 02:04:00-02:06:00
GPS time, ionosphere-free processing).
Displ. Up [m]
Displ. N [m]
Displ. E [m]
10
Emilia Earthquake May 20th, 2012 - SBPO - San Benedetto Po
0.08
APP E
TRA E
0.06 VAD E
CSR E
BER E
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
02:04:00 02:04:15 02:04:30 02:04:45 02:05:00 02:05:15 02:05:30 02:05:45
GPS Time
02:06:00
Figure S4: Comparison among VADASE and reference solutions at SBPO station
(1 Hz observations over 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012 - 02:04:00-02:06:00
GPS time, ionosphere-free processing).
11
Displ. Up [m]
Displ. N [m]
Displ. E [m]
Emilia Earthquake May 20th, 2012 - SERM - Sermide
0.08
0.06 VAD
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
02:04:00 02:04:15
APP
CSR
02:04:30
02:04:45
02:05:00 02:05:15
GPS Time
TRA
BER
02:05:30
02:05:45
02:06:00
Figure S5: Comparison among VADASE and reference solutions at SERM station
(1 Hz observations over 120 seconds interval May 20, 2012 - 02:04:00-02:06:00
GPS time, ionosphere-free processing).

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