Pulsion vs Diffusion

SISTEMI INNOVATIVI DI TRATTAMENTO ARIA AMBIENTE
presents :
The PULSION technology of the environment air
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Document for FIRST LEVEL training and professional technical update
(Senior Technicians)
Comparison between:
input air
DIFFUSION
And
environment air
PULSION
(simple PULSION)
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Air DIFFUSION principle
The input air is the vehicle for the energy which is necessary to
compensate the environmental thermal loads.
The input air DIFFUSION is a technique of air
REPARTITION, according to the
REPARTITION of the thermal loads
in the environment.
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Air DIFFUSION with air vents and diffusers: known problems
• The air flow is distributed in the environment, according to the thermal loads repartition.
• It is difficult to keep constant comfort in the environment, because of the internal and external
thermal loads which are in constant evolution.
• The ideal theoretical condition would be that each DIFFUSION terminal unit (DTU) would vary
its air flow with the variation of the thermal loads in its area.
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Air DIFFUSION with air vents and diffusers: known problems
•The quality of the diffusers and the position of the return air grids considerably influence:
 Comfort:
- homogeneity of the temperature in the environment
- risk of air drafts

Energy consumptions:
- heat stratification (in winter)
- set in motion times
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Air DIFFUSION with air vents and diffusers: known problems
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•As the air input temperature varies, the air throw and temperature homogeneity in the environment also vary.
•Variable geometry systems reduce the problem, but they can be expensive and complex to run.
•High induction diffusers are less sensitive to the input air’s ΔT, but they usually have reduced air throws.
Air DIFFUSION with long air throw nozzles: known problems
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Nozzles with a long air throw, sensibly vary their performances as the input air temperature varies:
•The higher the air throw, the higher the trajectory’s distortion (Archimede’s number).
•As the input air temperature reduces, the air throw is also reduced.
•As the air throw is reduced, there is an increase in the residual air speed in the occupied area.
Air DIFFUSION with long air throw nozzles: known problems
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Induction with a
“parallel flux”
• The fluid threads created by the air coming out from the nozzle form an air “cone”, whose movement creates “friction” with
the environment’s static air, “transporting” it by induction.
• The fluid threads which are external to the cone are blended with the environment air, slowing down their speed.
• The fluid threads which are internal to the cone reach higher distances only because they do not blend with the environment
air, but they sensibly distort their trajectory as the input air temperature varies.
Differences between DIFFUSION and PULSION
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Hot water stream
Cold water basin
Example of
DIFFUSION
•The water basin only heats up where the hot water stream (throw) reaches
•The throw is limited by the stream’s power
Differences between DIFFUSION and PULSION
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Example of
DIFFUSION
•In order to obtain a homogeneous repartition of the temperatures, it is necessary to obtain
the homogeneous repartition of the “water flows” on the whole basin.
The DIFFUSION is a REPARTITION technique
PULSION PRINCIPLE
Air PULSION is the technique which uses the input air to set in
controlled motion the TOTALITY of the environment air mass,
independently from the heat load repartition.
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Differences between DIFFUSION and PULSION
+°C
Esempio di
DIFFUSIONE
Example of
PULSION
•When immersing a water stream into the basin, all of the basin’s water is “set in motion”.
•All of the temperatures are a lot more homogeneous …. Also on the opposite side of the stream.
•The “influence area” is a lot more important than the “throw”.
•Any possible obstacles can be easily overcome by the moving water flux
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A PULSION plant is constituted by particular ducts called
PULSERS®
or more precisely:
®
PULSION LINEAR DEVICES
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The environment air PULSION
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A PULSER® can be made of:
METAL
For almost all applications, both civil and industrial.
(air speed inside the PULSER®: up to 10 m/sec)
FABRIC
For particular industrial applications.
(air speed inside the PULSER®: 6 ÷ 22 m/sec)
The environment air PULSION
Metallic and fabric PULSERS® work exactly in
the same way.
The only technical difference is that the fabric PULSERS®,
compared to metallic PULSERS®, can bear inside air speeds at
their entrance which are a lot higher, privileging the “coaxial
PULSION” rather than the “tangential PULSION”.
ATTENTION: textile PULSERS® should not be confused with
TEXTILE DIFFUSER ducts, which work at low speed and low
pressure.
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The environment air PULSION
A PULSER® is generally characterized by two principal kind of holes:
•INDUCTION holes
smaller, they determine the quantity of environment air that
has to be “recalled” around the PULSER®, blending it perfectly
with the input air.
•DIRECTION holes
bigger, they determine the direction and distance for the
“transportation” of the environment air mass which has been
pre-blended by the induction holes, in order to obtain the
desired final speed.
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The environment air PULSION
•The PULSER® recalls all of the surrounding environment air.
•The induction immediately blends the input air with a quantity of environment air which is 30 times higher.
•At less than 1m from the PULSER®, the moving air has a temperature which is very similar to the
environment air temperature, therefore it does not distort its trajectory (Archimede’s number).
•The air blended in this way is “pushed” towards the occupied area at the desired speed.
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The environment air PULSION
Induzione a flusso
micro-turbolento
Induction principle with a
“micro-turbulent flux”
• The input air exits from the holes
without being guided.
• The air’s fluid threads “fray”, with a
highly turbulent motion.
• This creates some micro-vortex on
the circular crown of each hole.
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The environment air PULSION
Induction with a
“micro-turbulent” flux
Induction principle with a
“micro-turbulent flux”
•The micro-vortex recall, by depression,
a quantity of environment air which is
more or less 30 times higher.
•The input air coming out from the hole
is then perfectly and immediately
blended with a great quantity of
environment air, suddenly slowing
down its speed.
•This phenomenon gives a motion to
the environment air mass.
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La PULSIONE dell’aria ambiente
Induction with a
“micro-turbulent” flux
PERFORMANCES
•Homogeneity of the temperatures,
both vertical and horizontal, in the
environment, generally ± 1°C.
•Reduction of the set in motion
times.
•Installation heights also over 40m.
•Air throws even further than 60m.
•Possibility to introduce very cold air,
with no comfort issues.
•No condensation.
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The environment air PULSION
Induction with a
“micro-turbulent” flux
REQUIREMENTS
•Control of the input Δt compared to
the environment’s temperature (Δt
min -35°C, Δt max +17°C).
•Necessary static pressure: 80 ÷
500 Pa, according to the kind of
application.
•Imperative need to respect the
INSTALLATION RULES for fabric
PULSERS®.
•Need for SINTRA’s technical
support for the planning.
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If the motion given by the PULSER® is able to set in controlled
motion the totality of the environment air mass, the plant can be
defined a:
PULSION
plant
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HOWEVER, IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO HAVE A HIGH
INDUCTION or to use a perforated duct in order to obtain a
PULSION
plant
If the perforated duct is not able to set in controlled motion the totality of
the environment air mass, the plant is a:
input air DIFFUSION plant
and the perforated duct will then be coupled with a high induction diffuser.
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Difficulty in the dimensioning of a PULSION plant
V+
V+
V+
Esempio di
DIFFUSIONE
Example
of di
nonEsempio
controlled
PULSIONE
PULSION
• By immersing a “dimensioned” water stream in the basin, we can set into controlled “motion” all of
the water mass in the basin.
• However, if the stream’s power were to be excessive, there would be for sure some excessive
speed in the basin.
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Difficulty in the dimensioning of a PULSION plant
++°C
-°C
-°C
-°C
+°C
+°C
-°C
Esempio di
DIFFUSIONE
Example of
insufficient PULSION
therefore: DIFFUSION
• On the contrary, if the stream’s power was insufficient, the temperatures in the basin would be nonhomogeneous.
• The PULSION example has become a DIFFUSION example, since the stream is not able to set in
motion the TOTALITY of the water mass in the basin.
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ATTENTION
The difference between a traditional perforated duct (DLD) and a PULSER® with
MIX-IND® technology (DLP®) is not recognizable to the eye.
Not even by observing the kind of hole punching used.
The difference is not visible, as it is UNIQUELY in the designing, which
determinates the ability to reach performances.
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SINTRA, in order to be able to correctly dimension a PULSION plant, takes
advantage of the experiences acquired with over 10.000 plants designed and
realized in more than 30 years, 15 of which dedicated to research.
The experience acquired by SINTRA is
UNIQUE in its genre.
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In a PULSION plant, therefore with MIX-IND® technology, the perforated duct
can be called in two ways:
• DLP ®
(PULSION linear device)
• PULSER®
In a DIFFUSION plant, the perforated duct can be called in different ways:
• DLD
•
•
•
•
(DIFFUSION linear device)
Inductive duct
Micro-perforated duct
Inductive beam
Etc.
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Differences
between
DIFFUSION
and PULSION
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Differences
between
DIFFUSION
and PULSION
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Differences bewteen DIFFUSION and PULSION
Example of a CFD normally used to evaluate the performances of
a DLD, which cannot be used to evaluate a DLP®’s
performances.
For the dimensioning of a DLD, the hole punching pattern is calculated according
to the residual speed that the airflow has to have when it reaches the occupied
area.
For the dimensioning of a DLP®, the hole punching pattern is calculated according
to the “pressure field” which is necessary to define the “PULSION power” which
moves the TOTALITY of the environment air mass, according to parameters which
are very different from those normally used for the DIFFUSION plants.
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Differences between DLD and DLP®
The cost per linear meter of a DLP®,
compared to a DLD can also be double,
according to the diameter and the
applied technologies.
The difference in cost is justified by the
fact that a DLD does not have any costs
for patents, research and SINTRA’s
Engineering Service.
Generally, this unit price difference is
more than largely compensated by the
lower number of ducts needed to obtain
technically high performances,
particularly in great volume plants.
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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
In order to correctly design a PULSION plant, it is necessary to take advantage
of SINTRA’s technical support, defined:
ASSISTED DESIGN
In order to be able to appreciate its importance, in the following slides there are
some significant applications.
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Application example: SEVELNORD
€ 207.000
Initial solution
The initial solution did foresee ducts with traditional diffusers
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Application example : SEVELNORD
€ 170.000
Required solution
•The initial solution did foresee MIX-IND® PULSERS® as
substitutes for traditional ducts with diffusers.
•This solution would not have been guaranteed, because of the
excessive dilution of the unit air flows, due to the excessive quantity
of PULSERS® which limits its “PULSION power”.
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Application example : SEVELNORD
€
84.000
Ameliorative solution
•During this phase of the design, the plant’s air flow has been
increased upon customer’s request.
•This solution, which follows the positions imposed from the base
project, would have been guaranteed, but it can be further
improved.
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Application example : SEVELNORD
€
61.000
Adopted solution
•Giving SINTRA the possibility to change the AHUs position (Makeup), allowed a qualitative improvement of the performances and a
further reduction of the investment, despite the air flow’s increase.
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Application example : SEVELNORD
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Application example : SEVELNORD
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Application example : SEVELNORD
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Article published in France on the CFP magazine
Application example : Storage warehouse
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Initial solution with nozzles for
each aisle and return air ducts
Required solution, with
PULSERS® for each aisle
This solution would not have been guaranteed, since the PULSERS® would not be
able to set in motion the totality of the environment air mass.
Application example : Storage warehouse
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This solution is ameliorative because it will reduce the problem, but could not be guaranteed anyway.
The homogeneity of the temperatures in the environment would depend on the quantity of material stocked on the
shelves.
Application example : Storage warehouse
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This solution is the most performing, since it allows to guarantee +/- 1 °C
temperature homogeneity both vertically and horizontally on the whole
volume.
ADOPTED SOLUTION
Application example : Storage warehouse
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This solution would allow to always guarantee +/- 1 °C on the whole volume, but it would not be feasible for the
plant examined, because of the excessive diameter of the PULSER® in the building’s structures.
Note: All prices listed above do not include the sheet metal manifolds and the isolation
Application example : Storage warehouse
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CONCLUSIONS
In order to correctly design a PULSION plant, always by identifying the most
suitable technical solution for each single application, it is necessary to take
advantage of SINTRA’s technical support (ASSISTED DESIGN).
In case of imposed architectural or economical compromises, it is SINTRA’s
task to make sure that the customer can appreciate
the compromise level at its right value.
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Application example: AIRBUS Nantes
Height
15 m
Class
EU8
Production A350
INITIAL PROJECT with DIFFUSION perforated ducts (DLD type) and return air ducts
• Air flow
• Fan’s electrical power
• Maximum stratification
340.000 m³/h
300 KW
2 °C
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Application example: AIRBUS Nantes
Height
15 m
Class
EU8
Production A350
PROJECT REALIZED WITH MIX-IND® PULSERS® (DLP®) WITHOUT RETURN AIR DUCTS
• Air flow
• Fan’s electrical power
• Maximum stratification
340.000 m³/h  150.000 m³/h
300 KW 
90 KW
2 °C

0,8 °C
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Application example: AIRBUS Nantes
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Application example: AIRBUS Nantes
Note
: the maximum tolerable stratification in the environment is just 2°C, for
industrial process reasons. The non-achievement of the required
performances will cause a stop in the production for the whole
establishment (no room for mistakes).
CONCLUSIONS :
•Thanks to the ASSISTED DESIGN, the overall cost of the plant was almost cut in half,
despite the cost per linear meter which was double for the DLP® compared to the DLD.
•The homogeneity of the temperatures in the environment has been confirmed to be
highly above any possible expectation.
•The 60% saving on the fan’s electrical consumptions is estimated at over €61.000 per
year.
•The saving on the filter’s consumption is over 70%.
•These performances are almost impossible to reach even with the most performing
traditional systems of air DIFFUSION.
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FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
What has been described above, allows to understand that only SINTRA’s specific
experience in the designing of PULSION plants can confirm, without any risk of
mistakes, the value of the possible air flow reduction and the correct number of
PULSERS® in the environment.
SINTRA has then constituted the ASSISTED DESIGN service, with the aim to allow
the Designer to identify and choose the PULSION technical solution which he
deems more suitable to satisfy his needs, both technical and economical.
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ATTENTION
Having considered how easy it is to confuse the DLP®s with DLDs, in order to be
able to protect the designer’s technical choice, SINTRA claims its
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
on all the technical solutions which are proposed after an
ASSISTED DESIGN.
The main aim is to avoid that, whoever has to buy the perforated ducts, could easily
incur in the mistake of mixing up the two technologies, gathering its attention only
on the price difference per linear meter.
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What has been presented above, only describes the
base technology
and its applications, which are today defined as:
simple PULSION
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Today the base MIX-IND® technology has evolved, allowing to conceive new
patented(*) technologies which elevate to a higher level the already
exceptional performances of the SIMPLE PULSION plants.
These technologies are called :
(*) Patented, patent-pending, or SINTRA’s exclusive know-how-
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The application of the QPE technologies
today allows to realize
NEW GENERATION
plants
Which are subject of a specific presentation
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SISTEMI INNOVATIVI DI TRATTAMENTO ARIA AMBIENTE
Thanks you for your attention

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