EERSTE WERELDOORLOG

BEZOEK aan de
EERSTE WERELDOORLOG
‘Dit jaar is het honderd jaar geleden dat de Eerste Wereldoorlog (1914-1918)begon. Er
zijn al boekenkasten vol geschreven over de verschrikkingen van deze eerste industriele oorlog (bijna tien miljoen doden), maar het blijft extra indrukwekkend wanneer je
zoveel jaren later zelf op bezoek gaat naar de velden van weleer. Onder de militairen,
zowel bij de Centralen als bij de Geallieerden, waren veel kunstenaars, filosofen en
schrijvers. Met drie literaire vrienden ben ik om die reden enkele jaren geleden in mei
op bezoek gegaan bij de frontlinie rond de Belgische stad Ieper. De begraafplaatsen,
de Menenpoort en de geheel opnieuw gebouwde stad Ieper deden als vanzelf het volgende
reisverhaal ontstaan.’ Door Kees Huis in ‘t Veld
#$%&'$()*+
!"
!"#$%#&'$!((%$)#*#%$+((,$-&($)!+..&+#/$(01((%$
2#$'34%&5-#%$6,&5!$6,%#7-#0'$##!$+%..,$2##0$-(!$
"&5!$0#-#!$+#1..!2$#!$+#1#%8,$4##9,$#!$1((%$
"&5!$47&'$:$;#,$<&5',#%!#',:$./+#=.712$&'$,.,$
/7'#7/>$?#$=#4##%',#%$-(!$2&,$((!2.#!0&58#$*(!2$-#%,#0,$
.!'$=&5$=&!!#!8./',$2(,$1&5$@2#$##%',#$+(',#!$"&5!$-(!$2#"#$
!(/&22(+A>$B(-%((+$0##%,$2(,$1&5$"#8#%$!&#,$2#$#!&+#!$"&5!$2&#$
.*$=#".#8$8./#!C$5((%0&58'$-&!2#!$DE>EEE$/#!'#!$2#$1#+$!((%$
;#,$<&5',#%!#',>$F#!$*%#,,&+#$1.!&!+C$/#,$-(!7&,$2#$1#%88(:
/#%$-(!$6,%#7-#0'$##!$9(!,(',&'34$7&,"&34,$.*$4#,$0&34,+0..&:
#!2#$0(!2'34(*>$F#!$&!'*&%#%#!2#$%7&/,#$-..%$##!$'34%&5-#%>
G!"#$.-#%!(34,&!+#!$"700#!$&!$4#,$-0(8$(34,#%$4#,$9%.!,$0&+:
+#!2#$H.*#%&!+#$"&5!>$;#,$I(0=.,$;.7'#$&'$##!$4.,#0$2(,$,&52#!'$
2#$..%0.+$+#8.34,$&'$2..%$,1##$F!+#0'#$2./&!##'$2&#$##!$*0#8$
".34,#!$1((%$'.02(,#!$8.!2#!$=&58./#!$-(!$2#$-#%'34%&8:
8&!+#!$-(!$2#$..%0.+>$;#,$*(!2$&'$=&5!($+#4##0$&!$2#$.%&+&!#0#$
',((,$=#1((%2$+#=0#-#!$#!$4#%=#%+,$=7&,#!$.!'$(00##!$.72#$
F!+#0'#$+(',#!C$2&#$/.#&"((/$#08#$2(+$2#$,(/#0&58$',#&0#$,%(*:
*#!$/.#,#!$=#80&//#!$#!$(92(0#!>$J&5$.+#!$(0'$2#$8&!2#%#!$
#!$'./'$80#&!8&!2#%#!$-(!$2#$9%.!,'.02(,#!>$)#*#%$#!$./+#:
-&!+$=0&58,$0(,#%$##!$=#2#-((%,*0((,'$,#$"&5!$-..%$F!+#0'#!C$#!$
!&#,$(00##!$-..%$.72#$/(!!#!$#!$-%.71#!>
;#,$I(0=.,$;.7'#$&'$+#4##0$&!$F!+#0'#$4(!2#!$#!$1#$1.%2#!$
..8$.*$##!$F!+#0'#$1&5"#$1#08./$+#4#,#!$/#,$,4##$/#,$/#08$
&!$+%.,#$8.**#!>$G!"#$+(',-%.71$0#+,$.!'$.*$##!$'34..0:
/##',#%(34,&+#$,..!$7&,$1(,$.!"#$%#34,#!C$/((%$-..%(0$.!"#$
*0&34,#!$"&5!>$J.$/.+#!$1#C$&!$-#%=(!2$/#,$1#%8"((/4#2#!C$$
=#'0&',$!&#,$2..%$2#$,7&!$!((%$4#,$+7#',4.7'#C$/((%$/.#,#!$1#$
-&($##!$%.7,#$=7&,#!./$.!"#$'0((**0((,'$=#%#&8#!>$
)!$##!$*0((,'#0&58$%#',(7%(!,$0##',$K#(%,$+#2&34,#!$-..%$-(!$
.!2#%$(!2#%#$6&#+9%&#2$6(''..!C$2&#$.!'$&!$2#$',#//&!+$=%#!:
+#!$-..%$##!$=#".#8$((!$2#$L#!#!*..%,$,#$)#*#%$2&#"#092#$
(-.!2>$B($##!$,%#&!%#&'$-(!$"#-#!$/&!7,#!$4((',#!$1&5$.!'$
!((%$2#$=#17',#$*..%,$#!$,%#99#!$2((%$##!$+%.,#$/#!&+,#$((!>$
M(!2((+$&'$4#,$=0&58=((%$##!$=&5".!2#%#$=&5##!8./',$1(!,$#%$
"&5!$2#"#$8##%$1#0$-&59$/(!!#!$2&#$2#$<(',$H.',$=0("#!>$?(,$
+#=#7%,$(0$'&!2'$DNOPC$#08#$(-.!2Q$)!$*#%9#3,$F!+#0'$1.%2#!$
DE$I_F]/(+("&!#>!0
2#$=#-#0#!$+#+#-#!C$2..%$-#%'34&00#!2#$+%.#*#!$1.%2#!$
2((%!($8%(!'#!$+#0#+2$1((%&!$2#$80(*%."#!$R*.**SA'T$2#$
4..92%.0$'*#0#!>$;#,$-#%8##%$0&+,$',&0C$2#$/#!'#!$"&5!$',&0$#!$
(0'$2#$*0#34,&+4#&2$-..%=&5$&'C$1.%2,$#%$+#(**0(72&''##%2>$
?((%!($4#%!##/,$4#,$+#1.!#$0#-#!$"&5!$+(!+$#!$2#!2#%,$4#,$
-#%8##%$.!2#%$2#$*%.,'#%&+#$*..%,$2..%>$U(!$(00#$8(!,#!$-(!$
2#$*..%,$"&5!$&!$,.,((0$DDEE$*(!#0#!$=#-#',&+2$/#,$2((%.*$
VV>EEE$!(/#!$-(!$./+#8./#!$#!$!&#,$/##%$,#%7++#-.!2#!$
W%&,'#$'.02(,#!>$X&5$/(8#!$,#%$(9'07&,&!+$##!$1(!2#0&!+$.-#%$
2#$',(2'1(00#!$!((%$##!$80#&!$8#%84.9$1((%$F!+#0'#$'.02(,#!$
=#+%(-#!$0&++#!>
)#*#%$&'$##!$&!2%781#88#!2#$',(2C$!($2#$3./*0#,#$-#%1.#',&!+$
-.00#2&+$4#%=.712$&!$2#$',&50$-(!$2#$DY#$#!$DZ#$##71>$M..%(0$
2#$<(8#!4(0$&'$&/*.'(!,C$/((%$.9$&8$2&#$/..&$-&!2[$F!$2(,$
+#02,$#&+#!0&58$-..%$4##0$)#*#%C$4#,$&'$(0'.9$2#$',(2$,#$+%..,'$
&'$-..%$2#$)#*#!(%#!C$/#!$4##9,$2#$%#',(7%(,&#$,#$0#,,#%0&58$
7&,+#-.#%2>$<(,#%$0##'$&8$2(,$\47%34&00$4#,$*0(!$4##9,$+#4(2$
4#,$-.00#2&+$-#%1.#',#$)#*#%$.*$,#$8.*#!$#!$".$(0'$F!+#0'$/.:
!7/#!,$-..%$4#,$!(+#'0(34,$,#$=#1(%#!>$J.&#,'$(0'$G%(2.7%$'7%$
K0(!#$!($XG$))$&!$]%(!8%&58>
;#,$I(0=.,$;.7'#$=0&58,$4#,$*#%9#3,#$.!2#%8./#!$-..%$##!$%#&'$
!((%$2#$F#%',#$X#%#02..%0.+^$4#,$&'$#%$*%.*#%C$/((%$'.=#%C$4#,$
.!,=&5,$8(!$#%$!&#,$+#!7,,&+2$1.%2#!>$
)!$2#$!((',+#0#+#!$=(88#%&5$',((!$#!8#0#$,(9#0,5#'$1((%$2#$
JDVWHQXLWKHW7DOERW+RXVHYHUVHEURRGMHVHQNRIÀHNXQQHQ
8.*#!>$F#!$'S/*(,4&#8#$M0((/'#$".%+,$-..%$2#$=#2&#!&!+>
,-$$)$()*+
M(!2((+$',((,$&!$4#,$,#8#!$-(!$##!$,.34,$0(!+'$2#$9%.!,0&!&#C$
2((%-..%$%&52#!$1&5$##%',$!((%$W#,47!#>$M(!$2((%7&,$,%#88#!$
1#$!((%$4#,$!..%2#!C$%&34,&!+$)#*#%>$;#,$1#/#0,$.!2#%1#+$
-(!$2#$=#+%((9*0((,'#!C$"#$-(00#!$&!$2&,$0(!2'34(*$.*$2..%$2#$
0&++&!+$#!$2#$.*##!4.*&!+$-(!$-((8$1&,,#$8%7&"#!>$?#$/##',#$
=#+%((9*0((,'#!$"&5!$*#%9#3,$.!2#%4.72#!>$)!$\7&!34S$0##',$
K#(%,$',788#!$-..%$7&,$##!$=.#8$-(!$_.=#%,$K%(-#'$2&#$&!$2&,$
+#=&#2$+#-.34,#!$4##9,>$M#%2#%.*C$=&5$B#7-#$\4(*#00#C$,%#99#!$
1#$##!$=#+%((9*0((,'$-(!$H.%,7+#"#!$((!C$!(-%((+$0##%,$2(,$
F!+#0(!2$H.%,7+(0$+#21.!+#!$4##9,$/##$,#$-#34,#!$&!$2#"#$
"&!0."#$..%0.+>$)#2#%$0(!2$.9$-.08$4##9,$"&5!$#&+#!$+#2#!8,#:
'"%,(.-A/))!%'("%<A%""#%>)#%'"%@,/"#%."%0";"#%(-$%]&%'("'%(#%
R"00*%.C"G%B)00"'%(.%U)--"#')0"^2
+)#%C".%"(#'%>)#%'"%."#.<<#-."00(#=%-.)).%""#%."0">(-(".<"-."0%
@".%'))/<A%(#%""/-."%(#-.)#.("%'"%<A@"/!(#=%>)#%)00"%0"('"/-%
>)#%'"%.<"#@)0(="%?"/"0'$%[C(-%?)-%.C"%?)/%.<%"#'%)00%?)/-2%
'DDUQDUROWRYHUKHWVFKHUPHHQRSVRPPLQJYDQDOOHFRQÁLFI
."#%'("%#)%3435%<A%'"%?"/"0'%;(8#%="?""-.2%&!%C"E%C".%"(#'%
'))/>)#%@))/%#(".%)F="?)BC.2
M)#)F%&"A"/%/(8'"#%?(8%/(BC.(#=%'"%!,-.*%<#-%'<"0%(-%L(!-@,('"%
@".%;(8#%0<<A=/)>"#%"#%'))/#)%""#%E";<"!%))#%'"%=/<."%L,(.-"%
E"=/))FA0)).-%E(8%M0)'-0<2
_".%><</E(8%`)#="@)/!%0""-.%a")/.%><</%,(.%b"@)/c,"X-%&@%
H"-."#%#(BC.-%#","-2%R".%(#'/,!?"!!"#'"%>"/C))0%>"/."0.%'"%
"/>)/(#="#%>)#%""#%8<#="%-<0')).%'("%'"%>"/-BC/(!!(#="#%>)#%
""#%=)-))#>)0%#(".%!)#%>"/?"/!"#%"#%,(."(#'"0(8!%(#%C,(0"#%
,(.E)/-.%))#%'"%E</-.%>)#%""#%<,'"/"%@(0(.)(/2%Q(8%d.""#-./)).%
-.)).%C".%@<#,@"#.%."/%C"/(##"/(#=%))#%'"%""/-."%=)-))#>)0%
<<(.%(#%""#%<</0<=%="E/,(!.2
Q(8%L(!-@,('"%./"FF"#%?"*%E"C)0>"%'"%A/<.-"/(="%&e;"/.</"#*%
""#%C<#'"/'"#%@"."/-%0)#="%="/"-.),/""/'"%0<<A=/))F%))#2%
+)#%'"%<>"/!)#.%>)#%'"%&e;"/%@<".%'"%>(8)#'%6L,(.-"/-:%="0"I
="#%C"EE"#2%R".%0">"#%(#%""#%0<<A=/))F*%@".%C""0%>""0%/"="#*%
@<".%@"#-<#."/"#'%;(8#%="?""-.*%(-%8"%B<#B0,-("%)0-%8"%="E,!.%
'<</%'"%-@)00"%=)#="#%0<<A.2
R".%L,(.-"%!"/!C<F%E(8%M0)'-0<%(-%@<"(0(8!"/%."%>(#'"#%')#%
)0%'("%)#'"/"%E"=/))FA0)).-"#%'("%?"%'"%)F="0<A"#%')="#%
E";<BC.%C"EE"#*%'))/%-./,(!"0'"%8"%E(8#)%<>"/2%L"%"#</@"%
!"#$"%$&'
E"=/))FA0)).-%0(=.%?).%?"=="'<!"#*%'"%-."#"#%@".%'))/<A%'"%
#)@"#%>)#%@(--BC("#%?"0%f72777%8<#="%L,(.-"/-%;(8#%C("/%#""/I
L"%0)).-."%')=%>)#%<#;"%.<BC.%#))/%'"%J"/-."%H"/"0'<</0<=%
="0"='%(#%."="#-."00(#=%.<.%'"%/"BC.<A-.))#'"%!/,(;"#%>)#%)0%
-.)).%><</)0%(#%C".%."!"#%>)#%""#%E";<"!%))#%C".%(#%'"%0)!"#I
C)0%>)#%&"A"/%<#'"/="E/)BC."%@,-",@%W&#%K0)#'"/-%K("0'-X%2%L"% '("%)#'"/"%E"=/))FA0)).-"#2%R("/%-.))#*%;<)0-%C".%<A%""#%!"/!I
?))#;(#%>)#%?))/-BC(8#0(8!%("'"/"%<</0<=%(-%="B,0@(#""/'%(#%'(.% C<F%C<</.*%=/<."%E",!"#%"#%"(!"#%'("%'"%=/)F-."#"#%E"-BC)',I
?"#%"#%'"%/,-.%>)#%""#%E"=/))FA0)).-%E"#)'/,!!"#2%S@%C".%
(#."/)B.(">"%@,-",@2%Q(8%E(##"#!<@-.%!/(8=%8"%""#%-./""A8"-I
B<'"%@""%>)#%("@)#'%'("%."#%.(8'"%>)#%'"%J"/-."%H"/"0'<</0<=% ="C"0"%B<@A0"V%-.)).%""#%C<="%C"=D%'"%>(8)#'%@<BC.%?"0%""#%
E"=/))FA0)).-%C"EE"#*%@))/%'("%@<"-.%><</)0%#(".%<A>)00"#2
@""="><BC."#%C""F.%<F%<A%""#%)#'"/"%@)#("/%'))/E(8%E"./<!I
M)#)F%'"%.<"=)#=-A<</.%!(8!"#%?"%,(.%<A%)0%'("%=/)F-."#"#%"#%
!"#%?)-2%Y(8#%<F%C))/%0">"#-0<<A%(-%>()%"#!"0"%."0">(-("-BC"/I
;("#%(#%'"%>"/."%C".%@<#,@"#.%').%="@))!.%(-%'<</%gh.C"%
@"#%."%><0="#*%."0!"#-%#)%C".%(#E/"#="#%>)#%'"%-./""A8"-B<I
g<00?(.;2%R))/%W[/",/"#'"%<,'"/-X%(-%E(8%#)'"/(#=%;<%(#'/,!I
'"2%R".%@,-",@%(-%><0%0)?))(%"#%').%?</'.%#(".%="A/<',B""/'%
?"!!"#'*%><</)0%'"%>)'"/%(-%;<%(#I%"#%(#IE"'/<"F'*%').%?(8%
'<</%'"%(#%=/<."%))#.)00"#%/<#'0<A"#'"%J#="0-"%.("#"/-%'("%<A%
">"#%=""#%?<</'%@""/%!,##"#%;"=="#2%a"0,!!(=%(-%@"#%;<%?(8-%
"VB,/-("%;(8#%6?))/-BC(8#0(8!%(-%(#%C".%A/<=/)@@)%>)#%("'"/"%
="?""-.%<@%'"%=/)F-.""#%@".%<#'"/%)#'"/"%'"%#))@%>)#%;<<#%
@(''"0E)/"%-BC<<0%(#%J#="0)#'%""#%E";<"!%))#%&"A"/%<A="I
U"."/%g<00?(.;%>0)!E(8%C".%@<#,@"#.%#""/%."%0"=="#2%
#<@"#:2%L"%<</0<=%(-%E(8#)%W0(>"X%))#?";(=D%="-BC/"",?%>)#%
="?<#'"%-<0')."#*%="?""/>,,/*%(#%E/)#'%="-BC<."#%-."'"#*%
!</.<@%'"%C"02
R)0>"/?"="%'"%/<#'=)#=%'<</%C".%@,-",@%-.)).%""#%?))/I
Op 4 mei herdenken we vooral de slachtof-BC,?(#=-E</'8"$%WZ%C<"F.%'"%><0="#'"%/,(@."%#(".%."%E"./"I
fers van de Tweede Wereldoorlog, bij de
'"#*%?)#.%?).%,%C("/%=)).%;("#%"#%C</"#%(-%>/"-"0(8!2%L"%'"/'"%
Eerste waren we immers neutraal. Laten we
-0)=%E(8%&"A"/%6E"."/%E"!"#'%)0-%'"%-0)=%E(8%U)--"#')0":%C"EE"#%
?(8%#)="E<<.-.X2%[<BC%=)).%E(8#)%("'"/""#%'"%E"'<"0'"%/,(@."% dit jaar echter ook eens stil blijven staan
E(##"#*%<<!%'"%?).%=("BC"0"#'"%J#="0-"%!(#'"/"#2%\".%E"C,0A% bij al die jonge jongens en mannen die een
eeuw geleden ver van huis in een zinloze
>)#%>('"<-BC"/@"#*%)#=-.-BC/"",?"#%>)#%-."/>"#'"%-<0')."#%
oorlog terecht zijn gekomen en op het slag"#%/<<!%'("%'<</%'"%/,(@."%./"!.%(-%'"%-0)=%E(8%U)--"#')0"%;<%
="./<,?%?""/="=">"#%').%0".."/0(8!%("'"/""#%-.(0>)0.2%L"%<#.I
veld zijn gebleven.
]HWWLQJGLHQDDÁRRSYDQGH¶YRRUVWHOOLQJ·WHOH]HQYDOWRSGH
=";(BC."#%>)#%'"%-BC<0("/"#%,(.%J#="0)#'%;"=.%#<=%@""/%')#%
!"#$%&#'()*%+,-./)0(1*%&"/0)#'2%&#%3445%657%8))/%0)."/9:%;(8#%#<=%
>""0%#(",?"%@<#,@"#."#%<A="/(BC.D%'"%&"/-"%E"=/))FA0)).-%
C""F.%E(8><</E""0'%""#%.GA(-BC%&"/-"%.</"#%@".%'))/%<@C""#%
"#!"0"%;,(0"#%@".%."!-."#*%'"%(#'(>(',"0"%!/,(;"#%;(8#%C("/%
?"=="0)."#2%&"'"/"%E"=/))FA0)).-%C""F.%""#%#(-%?))/(#%""#%
>(-(.</-E<"!%"#%""#%<>"/;(BC.%>)#%'"%E"=/)>"#%-<0')."#%0(=="#2%
H("E"%-BC/(8F.%(#%E(8#)%("'"/%E<"!%;(8#%."!-.%><</%'"%?"/"0'*%
""#%@)#("/%<@%;(8#%>"/E(8-."/(#=%""#%#))@%."%=">"#2%H)#.%
>"/E(8-."/'%;(8#%?"*%<>"/%;<>""0%-.,A('(."(.*%<>"/%;<>""0%;(#I
0<<-%E0<"'>"/=("."#*%<>"/%;<>""0%>"/'/(".2%J#%')#%."%E"'"#!"#%
').%;<>""0%8<#="%@)##"#%>/(8?(00(=%"#%;(#="#'%."#%-./(8'"%;(8#%
="./<!!"#*%,(.%J#="0)#'%>(8F%@(08<"#*%,(.%K/)#!/(8!%;"0F-%)BC.%
@(08<"#%"#%<<!%E(8%'"%L,(.-"/-%>"0"%@(08<"#"#2%M"0"%'</A"#%
C"EE"#%(#%NN#%))#>)0%C,#%@)##"0(8!"%E"><0!(#=%>"/0</"#2%J#%
C".%?)/"#%=""#%)><#.,/("/-%'("%;(BC%>/(8?(00(=%))#@"0''"#D%
NXQVWHQDDUVÀORVRIHQVFKULMYHUV]HOIVGLFKWHUVGHGHQPHHHQ
?))/<@OP%Q(8%C".%;("#%>)#%'"%>"0"%=/)>"#*%E(8%C".%0";"#%<>"/%
=)-))#>)00"#*%'"%',(;"#'"#%'("%-<@-%A"/%,,/%-.("/>"#*%E(8%C".%
KRUHQYDQGHZLOOHNHXUZDDUPHHGHRIÀFLHUHQEHVFKLNWHQRYHU
C,#%@)#-BC)AA"#%6!)#<##"#>0""-%(-%C("/%#<=%""#%."%>/("#'"0(8I
!"%,(.'/,!!(#=:*%'(.%)00"-%'<".%8"%)00""#%@))/%>"/;,BC."#$%?).%
""#%?))#;(#9%R".%(-%<#E"=/(8A"0(8!%"#%><</%(".-%?).%<#E"=/(8I
A"0(8!%(-%;(8#%=""#%?<</'"#2%
S#'"/?"=*%E(8%""#%>)#%'"%>"0"%@<#,@"#."#*%'/(#!"#%?(8%?).%
(#%T)FN%'"%0)%U)(VD%'"%<</0<=%E/"#=.%>""0%="0'%(#%C".%0)).8"2
[bJK@)=);(#"2#0%33