高考二轮复习语法系统讲解一、冠词重温语法聚焦高考－高考冠词考什么？ • 一、考查不定冠词和零冠词的区别 C - Is it ___ English dictionary? - Yes, and it is ___ useful one. A. a, a B. a, an C. an, a D. an, an • 二、考查不定冠词和定冠词的区别 A 1.There’s ___ dictionary on ___ desk near the window. A. a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the B 2.___ earth we live on is bigger than ___ moon. A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the •三、考查“零冠词”的用法 C 1. It takes us nearly ___ hour to go to Korla by ___ air. A. an, a B. a, an C. an, / D. a, the D 2. My uncle isn’t ___ old man, and he likes playing ___ football. A. a, a B. an, an C. the, the D. an, / •四、综合考查 A ____ car in front of our school gate is ___ . A. The, the Turners’ B. A, the Turner’s C. /, the Turners’ D. The, the Turners 重点归纳： 1、冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。 2、冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。下面我们分别来进行讲解不定冠词，定冠词，和零冠词的用法一、不定冠词的用法 A doctor. 例1 Jack’s father is ____ A. a B. an C. some D. / 分析 a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。例2 There is ____ A “f” and ____ “u” in the word “four”. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, an D. a, an 分析在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。归纳：1. a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是[ju:] 或[ju]时前面用冠词a，u 读[۸]时前面用冠词an。 2. 26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f [ef], h [eit], l [el], n [en], r [a；], s [es], x[eks] 。 There is an “R” in the word. This is a European country. European词首字母不发音， [j] 是辅音音素。 This is a one-eyed dog. one [w]是辅音音素。 B honest 例３ Tom is ____ boy. We all like him. A. a B. an C. the D. / 分析 honest 中h不发音，读音以元音音素[ ] 放于前面，表示“一个”时应加an。例４ ---Why not take A friend with you? ____ ---That’s ____ good idea. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 分析使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例5 Take the medicine A three times ____ day. A. a B. the C. an D./ 分析使用不定冠词表示单位， fifty miles an hour意为“每小时50公里”，twice a week意为“每周两次”。 B 例6 English is _____ language. It is _____ important tool. A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an D. a, / 分析 a language意为“一种语言”。language 是可数名词。 B steel worker 例７ ____ makes steel. A./ B.A C. This D. That 分析 a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类人有三种式： The bike is slower than the car. A bike is slower than a car. Bikes are slower than cars. A high 例８ Tom has ____ fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./ 分析表示生什么病前应用a, have a headache, have a cold。例９ Mary takes ____ B walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one 分析 give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。 have a talk (bath, look) make a living (promise) take a swim (walk, rest) give a talk (whistle, smile) 例10 The old woman had C ____ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this 分析抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。 It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper. 不定冠词的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 3、表示单位 4、表示“一类” 二、定冠词的用法例１ There is ____bridge over the B river. ____ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A 分析文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用 a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。 I have a little bird. The bird is yellow. A old workers under 例２ ____ that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That 分析名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。 The boys here are interested in sports. A first one sat ____ down and the second stood up. A. The B.A C. One D. An 例3 分析序数词前表示顺序时前加the。 Mary is the third to come in. B 例４ Winter is ____ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so 分析形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加 the。 Mary is the only girl who is often late for class. A moon moves 例５ ____ around ____ earth, and they both are smaller than ____ sun. A.The, the, the B.A, an, a C.The, an, the D.The, the, a 分析定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。 A 例６ We live in ____ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some 分析表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。 The sun rises in the east. B 例７ ____ browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A 分析 the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。例８ He will go to see you C Railway off at ____ Station. A. a B. an C. the D./ 分析 the＋普通名词构成专有名词。 the United States／the United Nations the People’s Republic of China C 例９ I was playing ____ piano at eight yesterday morning. A. a B./ C. the D. this 分析 play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。 Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 表示数量时可用a。 This is a new piano against the wall. 例10 Our teacher gets up A morning. early in ____ A. the B./ C. a D. an 分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。 in the afternoon (evening)／in the daytime at the beginning／in the end 例11 There is a large ship in C middle of the river. ____ A. a B./ C. the D. any 分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。 on the right (left) in the front of in the middle of the meeting / the forest at the foot of the hill 例12 Last night we A cinema. went to ____ A. the B. a C./ D. those 分析牢记一些固定搭配： go to the concert (theatre) B young should 例13 ____ care for and help ____ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an 分析 the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。 the poor / the rich / the sick / the beautiful 例14 The small town lies on ____DYangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the 分析定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面 the Dead Sea / the Black Sea the North China Plain华北平原二、不用冠词的场合例1 Paper is made of C bamboo. ____ A. a B. the C. / D. that 分析物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Wood can be made into chairs and tables. Iron is a kind of metal. 例２ ____ C January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C./ D. That 分析表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。 Spring is coming. He was born in December. 如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。 He was born in the Summer of 1964. 例３ We have no classes C Sundays. ____ A. the B. these C.\ D. those 分析表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。 A English in 例４ I studies ____ ____ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the 分析学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。 learn Chinese (maths, physics, chemistry) China is in Asia. in Germany (Japan) in Africa (Europe …) 例５ They often take a C Hyde Park. walk in ____ A. the B. a C./ D. this 分析在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。 Christmas Day New year’s Eve National Day Children’s Day Teachers’ Day Wall Street 例６ The thief was thrown into ____ D prison. A. the B. a C. this D. / 分析表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。背会下列词组：go to work (college, school, hospital, church) be in hospital (school, bed, prison) go to school/ go to the school上这所学校 go to bed/ be on the bed东西摆在床上 go to class (be in class)/ be in the class 在教室里例７ He doesn’t have D breakfast at home. ____ A. a B. the C. this D. / 分析表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿…的饭”，可加a。 have a big supper (nice lunch) 例８ We go to work by __Abus. A. / B. a C. the D. one 分析表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。 by bike (taxi, car, train, plane, spaceship)或 by sea (water, air, land) 如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。 C running is good. 例９ ____ A. The B. A C./ D. An 分析动名词前一般不用冠词。 Walking on the moon is difficult. Seeing is believing. 例10 These boys play D football after class. ____ A. a B. the C. that D. / 分析球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。例11 The students of ____ B Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an 分析名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词＋名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。 turn to page3/ the third page Lesson One/ the first lesson gate Five/ the fifth Gate D 例12 There is no ____ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D./ 分析名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或Any 和 no时，均不再用冠词。 No books, not a book, not any books 例13 He often works late A night. at ____ A. / B. the C. a D. all 分析表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。例14 What does this word mean, ____? B A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father 分析家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词。 He is secretary of our lab. Mother is cooking while father is reading newspaper. father和mother大写时前不加物主代词，小写时前要加物主代词，如：my father, his mother。注意一些特殊的情况：定冠不定冠意思差千万有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如： 1)at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课； in the class在班级中 3)go to school去上学; go to the school 到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在…的前面 ; in the front of在…的前部. 不定冠词的用法 1、表示一类人或事物中的“任何” 一个，相当于汉语中“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 3、表示单位 4、表示“一类” 定冠词的用法 1、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词 2、名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时 3、序数词前表示顺序时 4、形容词最高级前及 Only修饰的名词前 5、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前 6、表示东、南、西、北方的名词前 7、姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人 8、the＋普通名词构成专有名词。 9、play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。 10、the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物 11、定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面不用冠词的场合 1、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词 2、表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the 3、表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。 4、学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。 5、在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词 6、表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。 7、表示三餐的名词前不加冠词 8、表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。 9、动名词前一般不用冠词。 10、球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。 11、名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the 12、名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或Any和 no时，均不再用冠词 13、表示时间或地点的一些介词＋名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词 14、家庭成员的称呼、称呼语或只一人担任的职务名词前不用冠词精选习题 1. This is C song I’ve told you about. Isn’t it beautiful one? A．the /the B．a/a C．the /a D．a /the B 2.______Yellow River is _________ second longest river in China. A. /, the B. The, the C. /. A D. The, a 3. ---How far is it from our school A seaside? to______ ---It is ______eight-kilometre walk from here. A. the; an B./ ;an C. the; a D./ ;a B 4．_____China is______old country with _____ long history. A．The，an，a B．／，an，a C．／，an，the D．／，the，a C *5. They had _______ wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to _______ Mount Emei by bus. A. a; the B. /; the C. a; / D. the; a 属于5、在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词同学们如果有疑问也可以和我沟通交流联系方式： QQ602450679 网络课堂答疑解惑区，我的网名是英语医生，同学们有问题也可以在这咨询： http://bbs.ewstudy.com/index.asp?b oardid=73