ARepresentationofIndiaintheEarlyEdoPeriodofJapan

A Re
pr
e
s
e
nt
at
i
onofI
ndi
ai
nt
heEar
l
yEdoPe
r
i
odofJ
apan
213
A Repr
es
ent
at
i
onofI
ndi
ai
nt
heEar
l
yEdoPer
i
odofJ
apan
Takahi
koI
SHI
ZAKI
TokyoUni
ve
r
s
i
t
yofFor
e
i
gnSt
udi
e
s
I
nt
r
oduc
t
i
on:Tenj
i
kuandSangokuSekai
kan
Thi
spape
ri
sc
onc
e
r
ne
dwi
t
ht
hehuge
ne
s
sofI
ndi
af
ort
hewor
l
dvi
e
w ofJ
apane
s
epe
opl
e
i
nt
heEdope
r
i
od.
Fi
r
s
t
l
y,c
hapt
e
ronei
sa
ni
nt
r
oduc
t
i
on t
hatc
ont
ai
nss
omebac
kgr
ound i
nf
or
mat
i
on.
Se
c
ondl
y,t
hepr
e
s
e
ntwr
i
t
e
ri
sgoi
ng t
opi
c
k up t
wobooksa
se
xampl
e
s
.Theonei
s
(
)
Zo
uho
Ka
i
t
s
us
ho
uk
o
u 増補華夷通商考,1708,he
nc
e
f
or
t
habbr
e
vi
at
e
dasZK byNi
s
hi
kawa
1 a
J
oke
n(
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,
nd t
heot
he
ri
sWa
k
a
ns
a
ns
a
i
z
ue(
和漢三才図会 ,1
713,he
nc
e
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or
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h
2
)
(
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abbr
e
vi
at
e
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r
aj
i
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e
rt
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e
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l
lf
oc
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et
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i
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e
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e
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nt
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i
rbooks
.The
n,s
omename
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r
i
pt
i
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a
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i
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our
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nalc
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aw abr
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us
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s
t
or
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c
al
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heJ
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nt
i
r
ewor
l
di
nt
ot
hr
e
epar
t
s
:Honc
ho(
本
朝,J
apan)
,Kar
aorTou(
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na)
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nj
i
ku(
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ndi
a)
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swor
l
dvi
e
wi
sc
al
l
e
d
3
(
)
SangokuSe
kai
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c
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e
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ve
r
alname
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uc
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c
h
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r
e
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e
r
r
e
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i
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ul
at
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e
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t
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i
nt
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i
onofBuddhi
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ur
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i
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c
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eBuddhi
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om t
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i
ku
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ont
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i
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ve
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ore
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e
,
(
)
・
Konj
yakuMonogat
ar
i
s
hu・今昔物語集 i
nt
heme
di
e
valpe
r
i
od.
Noonehadbe
e
nabl
et
or
e
ac
ht
her
e
alTe
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i
kuunt
i
lmode
r
nt
i
me
s
.Howe
ve
r
,pi
l
gr
i
ma
ge
5 T
t
oTe
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i
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e
at
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s
i
r
e
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pe
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i
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e
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i
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se
mbe
l
-
l
i
s
he
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hei
magi
nat
i
on,andpe
opl
ee
as
i
l
ybe
l
i
e
ve
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hati
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gni
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i
c
e
ntl
oc
at
i
on.I
n
ama
nne
rofs
pe
aki
ng,Te
nj
i
kuwasnotc
ons
i
de
r
e
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s
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s
ome
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el
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ke・
apar
adi
s
e
・or・
aut
opi
a・f
oranc
i
e
ntJ
apane
s
epe
opl
e
.
Anot
he
ri
mpor
t
antas
pe
c
tofTe
nj
i
kui
na
nc
i
e
ntJ
apane
s
ec
ons
c
i
ous
ne
s
si
st
hati
twas
r
e
c
ogni
ze
dasa・c
i
vi
l
i
ze
d・c
ount
r
y,ot
he
rt
hanChi
na.Wec
ans
a
yt
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hee
xi
s
t
e
nc
eof
Te
nj
i
kuf
unc
t
i
one
di
nt
her
e
l
at
i
vi
zat
i
onofChi
na,whi
c
hwasagr
e
atandc
i
vi
l
i
ze
d・
t
he
7
ot
he
r
・f
ort
heJ
apane
s
epe
opl
e
.
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nt
heEdope
r
i
od,asne
w knowl
e
dgeaboutwor
l
dge
ogr
aphywa
si
nt
r
oduc
e
dt
oJ
apan
214
Takahi
koI
SHI
ZAKI
mai
nl
yt
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oughWe
s
t
e
r
nmi
s
s
i
onar
i
e
s
,t
he
i
rol
dunde
r
s
t
andi
ngoft
hewor
l
di
not
he
rwor
ds
,
SangokuSe
kai
kangr
adual
l
yde
c
l
i
ne
d,andane
wunde
r
s
t
andi
ngwasde
ve
l
ope
d.Ac
c
or
di
ng
(
)
t
ot
hi
sne
w unde
r
s
t
andi
ng,whi
c
hwasc
al
l
e
dGodai
s
hu 五大州 ,t
hewor
l
dc
ons
i
s
t
e
doff
i
ve
par
t
s
:As
i
a(
亜細亜 )
,Eur
ope(
欧羅巴 )
,Li
bya(
利未亜,Af
r
i
c
a)
,Ame
r
i
c
a(
亜米利加 )
,and
8
(
)
Me
gar
ani
c
a 墨瓦泥加,t
he・
t
e
r
r
ai
nc
ogni
t
a
・i
nt
hes
out
h.
The
r
ewe
r
ebe
i
ngwr
i
t
t
e
nandpubl
i
s
he
ds
e
ve
r
albooksc
ont
ai
ni
ngne
w unde
r
s
t
andi
ngof
t
hewor
l
di
nEdope
r
i
od.Howe
ve
r
,whe
nwec
ons
i
de
rt
he
s
ebooks
,i
tbe
c
ome
sc
l
e
art
hat
J
apane
s
epe
opl
ec
ont
i
nue
dt
opr
e
f
e
rt
hemor
et
r
adi
t
i
onalunde
r
s
t
andi
ngoft
hewor
l
d,whi
c
h
9
i
sSangokuSe
kai
kanc
ont
ai
ni
ngt
hee
xi
s
t
e
nc
eofTe
nj
i
ku.
1.J
okena
ndRyoan
Ni
s
hi
kawaJ
oke
ni
sa
nas
t
r
onome
rwhowasbor
ni
nNagas
aki
,ac
i
t
yt
hathad be
e
n
c
ons
i
de
r
e
dt
heonl
yope
ne
nt
r
anc
et
ot
hewor
l
df
ormanyye
ar
sdur
i
ngt
hes
oc
al
l
e
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10 ZKwa
pe
r
i
od.
soneofhi
sr
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
at
i
vewor
ksandwasus
e
di
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
ve
l
yasabookof
11 I
wor
l
d ge
ogr
aphy.
tc
ont
ai
nswor
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d mapsand l
i
s
t
s98 c
ount
r
i
e
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ong wi
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hs
ome
de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
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he
i
rc
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i
mat
e
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opl
e
,di
r
e
c
t
i
onf
r
om J
apan,pr
oduc
t
s
,e
t
c
.Vol
ume
s1t
o4we
r
e
(
)
s
our
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e
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r
om t
hebookI
k
o
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uf
udo
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i 異国風土記 ,be
l
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e
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e
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i
t
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e
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i
ng
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c
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at
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ume5wasane
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)
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i
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al
i
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s
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i
onar
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13
i
nChi
na.
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r
aj
i
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ni
saphys
i
c
i
ani
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ve
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i
l
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or
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ope
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at
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ons
i
s
t
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ume
s
.Vol
ume
s13and1
4c
ont
ai
nf
ac
t
s
aboutt
hewor
l
d,andl
i
s
t190c
ount
r
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e
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t
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c
t
ur
e
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el
i
vi
ngt
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e
.Vol
ume55
i
saboutge
ogr
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ont
ai
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e
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onalmapsaswe
l
l
.Cons
i
de
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i
ngt
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ac
tt
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hi
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e
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t
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ar
genumbe
rofmaj
orl
i
br
ar
i
e
sa
ndwass
t
i
l
lpubl
i
s
he
di
nl
ar
ge
numbe
r
si
nt
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i
j
ie
r
a,i
ti
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e
s
ume
dt
hatWSwasc
i
r
c
ul
at
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hr
oughoutt
he Edo
14
pe
r
i
od.
The
s
et
wobookshadal
ar
gei
nf
l
ue
nc
eonJ
apane
s
epe
opl
eoft
hatt
i
mei
nt
e
r
msoft
he
i
r
wor
l
dvi
e
w.J
oke
n and Ryoan we
r
ei
nt
hef
or
e
f
r
ontoft
hos
ewho a
c
knowl
e
dge
d ne
w
unde
r
s
t
andi
ngoft
hewor
l
d,l
i
keGodai
s
huf
r
ame
wor
k.Howe
ve
r
,whe
nwec
ons
i
de
rt
he
wor
ksoft
hos
et
woi
nt
e
l
l
e
c
t
ual
s
,i
tbe
c
ome
sc
l
e
art
hatt
he
yc
ont
i
nue
dt
opr
e
f
e
rSangokuSe
kai
kan.
I
ti
snotqui
t
es
ur
ea
boutt
hepur
pos
eoft
he
s
ewor
ks
.ButwhatIc
ani
magi
nehe
r
ei
st
hat
al
t
houghTokugawaShogunat
ehadas
oc
al
l
e
dSakokuPol
i
c
ywhi
c
hr
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
dt
hec
ont
ac
t
wi
t
ht
heot
he
rc
ount
r
y,t
he
r
ehadbe
e
nl
ot
sofi
nf
or
mat
i
onc
omi
ngf
r
om t
heout
s
i
deofJ
apan.
Pe
opl
ehadt
oe
xpl
ai
nt
he
s
eki
ndofne
wi
nf
or
mat
i
one
s
pe
c
i
al
l
yi
nf
or
mat
i
onaboutot
he
r
c
ount
r
i
e
s
.
A Re
pr
e
s
e
nt
at
i
onofI
ndi
ai
nt
heEar
l
yEdoPe
r
i
odofJ
apan
215
2.Tenj
i
kui
nwor
l
dmaps
Hi
s
t
or
i
c
al
l
y,Te
nj
i
kuwasi
magi
ne
dont
hemapl
i
keGo
t
e
nj
i
k
uz
u(
五天竺図)
.・
GoTe
nj
i
ku・
l
i
t
e
r
al
l
yme
ansf
i
veTe
nj
i
ku.Thi
sc
ome
sf
r
om t
heanc
i
e
ntge
ogr
aphi
c
aldi
vi
s
i
onofI
ndi
a,
whi
c
hwasnor
t
h,s
out
h,e
as
t
,we
s
t
,andc
e
nt
e
r
.Go
t
e
nj
i
k
uz
uwasc
r
e
at
e
di
nor
de
rt
opl
ac
et
he
(
)
J
apane
s
ei
s
l
andsandChi
naonNa
ns
e
nbus
hu 南贍部洲 orJ
ambudvi
pa,ani
magi
nar
yI
ndi
a,
15 T
na
r
r
at
e
dbyt
heBuddhi
s
twor
l
dvi
e
w.
hi
sme
a
nst
hatGo
t
e
nj
i
k
uz
ui
samapvi
s
ual
i
zi
ng
SangokuSe
kai
kan.OnGo
t
e
nj
i
k
uz
u,Te
nj
i
kui
sahugee
ggl
i
kee
l
l
i
pt
i
c
als
hapet
hatdomi
nat
e
sne
ar
l
yt
hee
nt
i
r
ewor
l
d.Chi
naa
ndJ
apanar
enor
t
he
a
s
tofTe
nj
i
ku,di
s
pr
opor
t
i
onat
e
l
y
s
mal
l
.Howe
ve
r
,whe
nwec
ons
i
de
rt
hema
psf
r
om t
hewor
ksofJ
oke
nandRyoan,di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
sofTe
nj
i
kue
me
r
ge
.
(
Ont
heonehand,i
nZKwec
ans
e
et
hewor
l
dmapc
al
l
e
dChi
k
yub
a
nk
o
k
ui
c
hi
r
a
nno
z
u『地
球萬國一覧之図』,Mapoft
hegl
obeandwhol
ewor
l
d)
.Al
t
houghi
ti
squi
t
er
ough,e
s
pe
c
i
al
l
y
al
ongpar
t
soft
hec
oas
t
l
i
ne
,i
twasdr
awnwi
t
hane
wr
e
c
ogni
t
i
onoft
hewor
l
df
ort
he
J
apane
s
epe
opl
e
.Fori
ns
t
anc
e
,t
hename
sofGodai
s
huwe
r
ede
s
c
r
i
be
done
ac
hpar
tofe
ve
r
y
c
ont
i
ne
nt
.Al
t
hought
henameTe
nj
i
kuwasont
heEur
as
i
anCont
i
ne
ntori
nt
hemi
ddl
eof
As
i
anc
ount
r
i
e
s
,i
ti
sunc
l
e
arwhe
r
ei
ti
ss
pe
c
i
f
i
c
al
l
y.The
r
ei
sonl
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mal
lpe
ni
ns
ul
awhe
r
e
(
t
heI
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ans
ubc
ont
i
ne
ntmus
thavebe
e
n,onwhi
c
ht
he
r
ear
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uc
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u モウ
)
)
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,Moghul
,Be
ngal
a(
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ngal
,andI
nde
ya(
I
ndi
a)
.I
nt
hevi
e
w ofSangokuSe
kai
kan,
Te
nj
i
kui
sahugec
ount
r
yt
hate
nc
ompas
s
e
smos
toft
hewor
l
d.Howe
ve
r
,whe
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e
et
hi
s
ma
p,i
ti
sc
l
e
art
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nj
i
kui
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he
rAs
i
anc
ount
r
i
e
s
.WhatIwoul
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i
ke
t
oe
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i
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r
ei
st
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l
dvi
e
wi
sc
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om ol
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an
s
t
i
l
ls
e
et
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nj
i
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l
lasI
ndi
a.I
nanot
he
rwor
dsTe
nj
i
kuandI
ndi
aar
e
c
oe
xi
s
t
i
ng.I
tmaybebe
c
aus
eJ
oke
nwasnotqui
t
es
ur
et
hatI
ndi
awasass
ameasTe
nj
i
ku.
I
ndi
awasonl
yas
ma
l
lc
ount
r
yi
ngr
e
atAs
i
a,butTe
nj
i
kus
houl
dhavebe
e
nhugec
ount
r
y
c
ove
r
i
nggr
e
at
e
rpar
toft
hewor
l
d.Thati
swhyTe
nj
i
kuc
oul
dnotgot
oanywhe
r
ebuthe
r
e
whe
r
ei
squi
t
eobs
c
ur
epl
ac
e
.
Ont
heot
he
rhand,WKc
ont
ai
nss
e
ve
r
alma
ps
.Iwoul
dl
i
ket
opi
c
kupt
wooft
he
m.The
(
onei
sSa
nk
a
i
yo
c
hi
z
e
nz
u 『山海與地全図』Map ofUni
ve
r
s
alMount
ai
n and Se
a)wi
t
h
Godai
s
huf
r
ame
wor
k.Howe
ve
r
,t
he
r
ei
snot
hi
ngt
hatc
or
r
e
s
pondst
ot
heI
ndi
ans
ubc
ont
i
(
)
(
)
ne
nt
,andname
sl
i
keBe
ngar
a 榜葛刺 andI
nde
ya 應帝亜 ar
ede
s
c
r
i
pt
e
dt
ot
hei
mme
di
at
e
we
s
toft
heMal
ayl
i
kepe
ni
ns
ul
a,and t
henameNi
s
hi
Te
nj
i
ku (
西天竺,l
i
t
e
r
al
l
y We
s
t
1
6
)
Te
nj
i
ku t
ot
he
i
rnor
t
h. Wec
ans
e
et
henameTe
nj
i
kuandI
nde
yaatt
hes
amet
i
meagai
n.
Godai
s
hube
c
ameane
wf
r
ame
wor
kf
orr
e
c
ogni
zi
ngt
hewor
l
dt
hatwasi
nt
r
oduc
e
df
r
om
t
hewe
s
t
,i
nwhi
c
h,ofc
our
s
e
,t
he
r
ewasnopl
ac
es
i
mi
l
art
oTe
nj
i
ku.Howe
ve
r
,Te
nj
i
ku,
whi
c
hhaddomi
nat
e
dahugeamountoft
hewor
l
df
orl
ongpe
r
i
ods
,mus
thavee
xi
s
t
e
d
s
ome
whe
r
ei
nt
hewor
l
df
ort
heJ
apane
s
epe
opl
e
.Today,wec
anunde
r
s
t
andt
hatTe
nj
i
kui
s
ahi
s
t
or
i
c
alnamef
orI
ndi
a,butt
hi
swa
snott
hec
as
ei
nt
heEdope
r
i
od.Thati
swhyTe
nj
i
ku
216
Takahi
koI
SHI
ZAKI
c
oe
xi
s
t
e
dwi
t
ht
heot
he
rname
s
,s
uc
hasI
nde
ya,whi
c
hal
s
ome
ansI
ndi
a,wi
t
houtbe
i
ng
i
nt
e
gr
at
e
dast
hepl
ac
eoft
hes
amename
.
(
)
Theot
he
rma
pi
nWSi
sc
al
l
e
dSa
i
i
k
i
go
t
e
nj
i
k
uno
z
u『西域五天竺之図』
.Thi
si
samapof
17 F
Sai
i
ki
,whi
c
hi
sawe
s
tpr
ovi
nc
eofChi
naandoff
i
veTe
nj
i
ku.
i
veTe
nj
i
kui
st
r
adi
t
i
onal
c
onc
e
ptofBuddhi
s
t
.The
ydi
vi
de
dTe
nj
i
kui
nt
of
i
vepar
t
s
,Nor
t
h,Eas
t
,Sout
h,We
s
t
,and
Mi
ddl
e
.Howe
ve
r
,t
hename
sus
e
dwi
t
hi
nt
hi
sma
par
eI
ndor
at
he
rt
hanTe
nj
i
ku.Thati
s
(
)
(
)
why,t
hi
smapdi
s
pl
aysNakaI
ndo 中印度,mi
ddl
eI
ndo,Ki
t
aI
ndo 北印度,nor
t
hI
ndo,
Ni
s
hi
I
ndo(
西印度,we
s
tI
ndo)
,Mi
nami
I
ndo(
南印度,s
out
hI
ndo)
,Hi
gas
hi
I
ndo(
東印度,
)
e
as
tI
ndo.Ther
e
as
ont
henameI
ndowa
sus
e
d,r
at
he
rt
hanTe
nj
i
ku,i
st
ha
tt
hi
smap
(
de
pe
ndsonol
dBuddhi
s
tr
e
c
or
dsl
i
keDa
i
t
o
us
a
i
i
k
i
k
i『大唐西域記』G
r
e
atTangRe
c
or
dson
1
8
)
(
)
t
heWe
s
t
e
r
nRe
gi
ons ofChi
ne
s
emonkGe
nj
oorXuanzang 玄奘 . Mor
e
ove
r
,t
heI
ndi
an
s
ubc
ont
i
ne
ntde
pi
c
t
e
d he
r
ei
sf
i
ne
l
y di
vi
de
di
nt
o di
f
f
e
r
e
ntar
e
aswi
t
ht
hename
sand
di
s
t
anc
e
swr
i
t
t
e
nar
oundt
he
m.The
ya
r
eal
s
obas
e
donBuddhi
s
tr
e
c
or
ds
.I
tc
anbes
ai
dt
hat
t
hi
smapi
sc
ompl
e
t
e
l
ydr
awnwi
t
ht
r
adi
t
i
onalwor
l
dvi
e
w.Ryoanr
e
j
e
c
t
e
dt
heBuddhi
s
t
vi
e
w oft
hewor
l
dbe
c
aus
eher
e
gar
de
di
tasf
i
c
t
i
on,buthec
oul
dnots
t
opr
e
l
yi
ngonol
d
Buddhi
s
tr
e
c
or
dl
i
keDa
i
t
o
us
a
i
i
k
i
k
it
ode
s
c
r
i
bet
hede
t
ai
l
sofe
ac
har
e
awi
t
hi
nI
ndi
a.
3.Tenj
i
kuandt
heot
herI
ndi
a
Oneof98c
ount
r
i
e
sl
i
s
t
e
di
nZKi
sChi
na.I
tc
oul
dbes
ai
dt
hatt
heot
he
r97c
ount
r
i
e
swe
r
e
al
lc
al
l
e
dTe
nj
i
ku,be
c
aus
eTe
nj
i
kuhadbe
e
nabl
ur
r
e
dc
onc
e
ptt
or
e
f
e
rt
oe
ve
r
yc
ount
r
y
ot
he
rt
hanChi
na,r
at
he
rt
hanas
i
ngl
euni
t
e
dr
e
gi
on.Al
t
hought
heJ
apane
s
ehadanot
i
onof
Te
nj
i
kube
i
ngt
hec
ount
r
ywhe
r
eBuddhi
s
ms
t
ar
t
e
d,t
he
yhadnoi
de
awhe
r
ee
xac
t
l
yi
twas
.
Thi
si
swhyTe
nj
i
kube
c
ameaki
ndofpr
onounf
ort
he・t
heot
he
r
・,r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
i
ngt
hepl
ac
e
s
t
he
ydi
dnotknow,i
nc
ompar
i
s
onwi
t
hChi
naandt
he
i
rownc
ount
r
y,whi
c
ht
he
ywe
r
e
ge
ogr
aphi
c
al
l
yf
ami
l
i
arwi
t
h.
Ac
c
or
di
ngt
oJ
oke
n,ot
he
r97c
ount
r
i
e
sc
a
nbedi
vi
de
di
nt
ot
woc
at
e
gor
i
e
s
:gai
koku(
外
)
(
)
国,f
or
e
i
gnc
ount
r
i
e
s andgai
i外夷,f
or
e
i
gnbar
bar
i
ans.Gai
kokui
nc
l
ude
sc
ount
r
i
e
sunde
r
t
heChi
ne
s
et
r
i
but
ar
ys
ys
t
e
m,name
l
yKor
e
a,Ryukyu,Tai
wan,Koc
hi
,andTonki
ng.I
koku
(
)
c
ove
r
st
her
e
s
tt
hatar
enoti
nGai
koku Tabl
e1.
Whe
nwee
xami
net
hec
ount
r
i
e
st
hatmakeupi
koku,wef
i
ndt
hewor
dTe
nj
i
kui
ns
e
ve
r
al
pl
ac
e
s
.Among Gai
i
,t
he
r
e ar
e 27 c
ount
r
i
e
st
hatc
ont
ai
nt
he wor
d Te
nj
i
ku i
nt
he
i
r
(
e
xpl
anat
i
oni
ns
omewa
y.Themos
tnume
r
ousoc
c
ur
r
e
nc
ei
sMi
nami
Te
nj
i
ku 南天竺,Sout
h
Te
nj
i
ku)
,orMi
nami
Te
nj
i
kunouc
hi(
i
nSout
hTe
nj
i
ku)
,whi
c
he
nc
ompas
s
e
sc
ount
r
i
e
ss
uc
h
asChampa,Si
am,Ce
yl
on,I
nde
ya,andGoa.Oft
hos
e27,wec
ans
ayt
hat16oft
he
m we
r
e
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
dbyJ
oke
nasbe
i
ngl
oc
at
e
dwi
t
hi
nMi
nami
Te
nj
i
ku.Not
i
c
e
abl
easwe
l
lar
et
he
(
)
(
)
e
xpr
e
s
s
i
onsHi
Te
nj
i
ku 非天竺,notTe
nj
i
ku andNi
s
hi
Te
nj
i
ku we
s
tTe
nj
i
ku.Count
r
i
e
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
dasHi
Te
nj
i
kui
nc
l
udeJ
awaandPat
ani
;Pe
r
s
i
aandSai
ntThomaswe
r
es
ai
dt
obe
A Re
pr
e
s
e
nt
at
i
onofI
ndi
ai
nt
heEar
l
yEdoPe
r
i
odofJ
apan
217
Tabl
e1.Li
s
tofc
ount
r
i
esc
ont
ai
ni
ngt
hewor
d・Tenj
i
ku・i
n ZK
Chi
na
1
Gai
koku
5
Champa
(
占城)
Tani
Kanboj
i
a(
柬埔
)
太泥,Pat
ani
寨,Cambodi
a) (
J
agat
ar
a(
咬
,J
akar
t
a)
Gai
i
J
awa(
呱哇)
Rokkon
(
)
六甲,Li
gor
Bant
an
Mor
aka(
母羅
(
番旦,Bant
e
n) 伽,Mal
ac
c
a)
Somondar
a
Ar
akan
(
ソモンダラ, Pe
gu(
ヘグウ)
27
(
)
アラカン
r
a)
i
nc
l
udi
ng Smat
t
hewor
d
Mar
umar
u
92 ・Te
Se
i
r
on(
セイロ Har
us
i
a (ハル
nj
i
ku・ (
マルマアル,
)
ン,
C
e
y
l
o
n
シヤ国,
Pe
r
s
i
a)
)
Mal
abar
Kaf
ur
i
Ci
yau
Rau
(
(
カフリ国,
E
a
s
t
チヤウ国,
We
s
t
(
)
ラウ国,Laos
)
)
Af
r
i
c
a?
I
ndi
a?
Si
am
(
暹羅)
Mour
u(
モウル,
)
Moghal
?
Be
ngar
akoku
Sar
aat
a(
サラア
(
ベンガラ国,
)
タ,
S
u
r
at
)
Be
ngal
Sant
ome
I
nde
ya(
インデ
(
サントメ国,
)
ヤ国,
I
ndi
a?
)
SaoThome
Kowa
(
コワ,Goa)
Ar
abi
ya(
アラ
ビヤ,Ar
abi
a)
J
ude
ya(
ジュデ Ej
i
t
t
o(
エジツト
)
ヤ,J
ude
a)
国,Egypt
Ot
he
rGa
i
i
※Thec
ol
our
e
dboxe
sar
eMi
nami
Te
nj
i
ku.
i
nNi
s
hi
Te
nj
i
kua
ndJ
ude
ai
nt
hewe
s
tofNi
s
hi
Te
nj
i
ku.
I
ti
sc
l
e
art
ha
tTe
nj
i
kui
t
s
e
l
fdoe
snote
xi
s
ti
nanypar
t
i
c
ul
arpl
ac
e
.I
twasor
i
gi
nal
l
yname
f
orI
ndi
a,ort
hepl
ac
ewhe
r
eBuddhi
s
mc
amef
r
om.Howe
ve
r
,c
ons
i
de
r
i
ngt
hi
ss
i
t
uat
i
on,we
c
ans
ayt
hatme
ani
ngofTe
nj
i
kuhadbe
e
nc
hangi
ng.Al
t
hought
he
r
ear
es
omec
ount
r
i
e
st
hat
(
)
ar
el
oc
at
e
di
npr
e
s
e
nt
dayI
ndi
aorSout
hAs
i
a f
ore
xampl
e
,I
nde
ya,Be
ngar
a Be
ngal,and
Ce
yl
on i
nr
e
al
i
t
yTe
nj
i
kuwa
sus
e
dasavaguec
onc
e
pt
i
onc
ove
r
i
ngpr
e
s
e
ntSout
hAs
i
aand
Sout
he
as
tAs
i
aaswe
l
l
.
Att
hes
amet
i
me
,t
hewor
dAs
i
a(
亜細亜 )wasus
e
dasac
onc
e
pt
i
onc
ont
ai
ni
ngmany
c
ount
r
i
e
ss
uc
ha
sChi
na,Ar
abi
a,Cambodi
a.As
i
ai
sapar
tofGodai
s
hu,me
ani
ngt
hat
Te
nj
i
kuwasonl
yapar
toft
hepl
a
c
et
hati
sonl
yonef
i
f
t
hofwhol
ewor
l
d.
Le
tusc
ons
i
de
rs
omec
onc
r
e
t
ee
xampl
e
sofe
ac
he
xpl
anat
i
on.I
nt
hec
as
eofChampa(
占
)
城 ,J
oke
nde
s
c
r
i
be
st
hi
spl
ac
easf
ol
l
ows
.
四季東京ヨリ大ニ熱國也。此國ノ邊ヨリ南天竺ノ内也ト云。此國交趾國ノ内ニテ交趾ヨ
リ仕置スル所モ有之トゾ。大佛ト云所モ此國ノ内也。唐人往来ノ津也。此國ノ者日本ヘ
船仕出シ来ル事ナシ。唐人此処ニ往テ諸色ヲ調ヘ日本ニ来也。人物甚賎ク常ニハダカニ
テ往来ス。詞蠻語ニ似テ曾テ通ズ各別也。
Thec
l
i
ma
t
eo
ft
hi
sc
o
unt
r
yi
smuc
hho
t
t
e
rt
ha
nTo
nk
i
n.Thea
r
e
ai
ss
a
i
dt
ob
ea
r
o
undi
n
So
ut
hTe
nj
i
k
u.I
ti
ss
a
i
dt
ha
tt
hi
sc
o
unt
r
yi
sl
o
c
a
t
e
di
nKo
c
hi
,a
ndi
sgo
ve
r
ne
db
yi
t
.Thepl
a
c
e
218
Takahi
koI
SHI
ZAKI
c
a
l
l
e
dDa
i
f
ut
s
ui
sa
l
s
oi
nt
hi
sc
o
unt
r
y.Chi
ne
s
epe
o
pl
ea
r
ec
o
mi
nga
ndg
o
i
nga
r
o
undt
hepo
r
t
.
Pe
o
pl
eo
ft
hi
sc
o
unt
r
yha
vene
ve
rs
a
i
l
e
dt
oJ
a
pa
n.Be
f
o
r
ego
i
ngt
oJ
a
pa
n,Chi
ne
s
epe
o
pl
el
o
a
d
c
a
r
goa
tt
hi
spl
a
c
e
.Pe
o
pl
ea
r
eq
ui
t
ehumb
l
e
,a
l
wa
ysc
o
mi
nga
ndgo
i
ngna
k
e
d.The
i
rl
a
ngua
ge
(
)
r
e
s
e
mb
l
e
sDut
c
ha
ndwec
a
nc
o
mmuni
c
a
t
ewi
t
ht
he
m ve
r
ye
a
s
i
l
y. Tr
ans
l
at
i
onbyI
s
hi
zaki
Thee
xpl
anat
i
onoft
heot
he
rpl
ac
e
sagr
e
et
hatTe
nj
i
kuorMi
nami
Te
nj
i
kuhaveac
l
i
mat
e
(
)
t
hati
sge
ne
r
al
l
ywar
m ors
ome
t
i
me
se
xt
r
e
me
l
y hot
.Pe
opl
ewe
r
eof
t
e
ns
ai
dt
obehumbl
e
.
I
nt
e
r
e
s
t
i
ngl
y,t
henameI
nde
yai
sal
s
oont
hel
i
s
t
.Thee
xpl
anat
i
onf
ol
l
ows
.
南天竺ニテ四季アル暖國也。海邊ニ及タル大國也。インデヤト云ハ印度國ト云事ニテ、
印度ハ則天竺ノ名也トゾ。モウル國ト此國トハ南天竺ニテ第一ノ國ナリ。此國ノ人ノ色
ハ皆紫色ナリト云。人物風俗モウル人ニ同じ。唐人ヲランダ人ハ此國ニ往来スル事之レ
無シ。土産他國ヘ交易スルヲ調ヘ来ルトゾ。
Thi
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nj
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om mai
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as
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e
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nt
at
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i
odofJ
apan
219
Tabl
e2.Li
s
tofc
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r
i
esc
ont
ai
ni
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d・Tenj
i
ku・i
nWS
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i
nc
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udi
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a)
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占城)
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amr
o(
暹羅)
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女人國,Ce
yl
on?
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nj
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ku(
天竺,I
ndi
a?
Ga
i
i
179
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ha(
東埔寨,Cambodi
a)
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nc
l
udi
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ani
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咬
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聖多黙,Sai
ntThomas
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nde
ya(
印第亜,I
ndi
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gu(
琶牛)
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as(
錫蘭山,Ce
yl
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i
※Thec
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a
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ptofJ
apan.Thi
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anst
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按占城隣于南天竺而暑熱甚民俗裸形野鄙也用天竺横文字唐人到彼地交易以通于日本
Is
uppo
s
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a
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na
mi
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a
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n. Tr
ans
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Toe
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on ofChampa,Ryoan us
e
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nami
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ku c
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ac
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s
・
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he
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w Chi
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220
Takahi
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ft
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I
ndo.
I
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kabl
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tac
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nt
day
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nt
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.
按天竺國有東西南北中之五今所謂者中天竺乎
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uppo
s
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nj
i
k
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sf
i
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t
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o
no
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nj
i
k
u
(
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emi
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nj
i
k
u. Tr
ans
l
at
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onbyI
s
hi
zaki
Addi
ngt
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st
hought
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ti
spos
s
i
bl
et
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he
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emi
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e
ns
omee
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r
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me
nt
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nj
i
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f
e
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om whatwasknownt
oot
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J
apane
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i
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ti
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nami
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nj
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keChampaand
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rs
out
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tc
ount
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annotbet
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c
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Ryoanwr
ot
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arc
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l
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l
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Sa
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nhe
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ogr
aphi
c
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c
ogni
t
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ndi
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opl
e
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om J
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ve
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s
c
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pt
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onofChi
ne
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nj
i
ku.
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pr
e
s
e
nt
at
i
onofI
ndi
ai
nt
heEar
l
yEdoPe
r
i
odofJ
apan
221
Conc
l
us
i
on
I
tc
an bear
gue
dt
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kai
kan di
d notvani
s
hi
mme
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nt
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nt
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om Godai
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oke
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antt
odos
o,be
c
aus
eTe
nj
i
kuhadbe
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navas
t・t
heot
he
r
・f
or
t
heJ
apane
s
ewor
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dvi
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w.
Cons
i
de
r
i
ngt
hename
sofc
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r
i
e
sl
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s
t
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di
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wobooks
,i
ti
sc
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art
hatJ
oke
nandRyoan
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r
ebot
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t
i
l
lus
i
ngt
hewor
dTe
nj
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kut
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s
c
r
i
beot
he
rc
ount
r
i
e
s
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t
houghJ
oke
nand
Ryoanmus
thavebe
l
i
e
ve
di
nt
hene
wi
ma
geofI
ndi
at
hatwasapar
toft
hene
wge
ogr
aphi
c
al
knowl
e
dgeofAs
i
a,t
he
yc
oul
dnots
t
opr
e
l
yi
ngont
hewor
d・Te
nj
i
ku・t
ode
s
c
r
i
bet
hewor
l
d.
I
nt
hee
ar
l
yEdope
r
i
odofJ
a
pan,whe
nt
het
r
adi
t
i
onalSangokuSe
kai
kanhada
l
r
e
adybe
gun
i
t
sde
c
l
i
ne
,t
hec
onc
e
ptofTe
nj
i
kuwa
ss
t
i
l
li
ndi
s
pe
ns
abl
easane
xpl
ana
t
i
onoft
hewor
l
d.
Bot
haut
hor
smadeagr
e
ate
f
f
or
tt
opl
ac
eTe
nj
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ku,whi
c
hi
sac
onc
e
ptve
r
ypar
t
i
c
ul
art
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J
apane
s
epe
opl
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,on t
hef
r
e
s
hl
ye
me
r
ge
d Godai
s
hu wor
l
dvi
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w.Ther
e
as
on t
hatt
wo
i
nt
e
l
l
e
c
t
ual
swoul
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owast
hec
ul
t
ur
als
t
r
e
ngt
hofTe
nj
i
kuf
ort
heJ
apane
s
epe
opl
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.I
n
t
hi
spape
r
,Ihavebe
e
ndi
s
c
us
s
i
ngaboutt
hehuge
ne
s
sandpowe
rofTe
nj
i
kuwi
t
hi
nt
he
J
apane
s
enot
i
onofge
ogr
aphydur
i
ngt
heEdope
r
i
od.Te
nj
i
ku,al
s
oknownasI
ndi
a,wasa
ve
r
yl
ar
gea
ndi
mpor
t
antc
onc
e
ptof・
t
heot
he
r
・f
orJ
apane
s
epe
opl
e
.
Not
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1 Zo
uho
Ka
i
t
s
us
ho
uk
o
ul
i
t
e
r
al
l
yme
ans・As
t
udyonc
omme
r
c
ewi
t
hChi
naandbar
bar
i
ans~e
nl
ar
ge
d
e
di
t
i
on~・.Thet
i
t
l
eoft
hi
sbookwi
l
lbeabbr
e
vi
at
e
dt
oZKonwar
ds
.
2 Wa
k
a
ns
a
ns
a
i
z
ue l
i
t
e
r
al
l
y me
ans ・J
apane
s
e
Chi
ne
s
ei
l
l
us
t
r
at
e
d e
nc
yc
l
ope
di
a on t
he t
hr
e
e
c
ompone
nt
s
・.Thet
i
t
l
eoft
hi
sbookwi
l
lbeabbr
e
vi
at
e
dt
oWSonwar
ds
.
3 Formor
ei
nf
or
mat
i
onaboutSangokuSe
kai
kanandTe
nj
i
ku,s
e
eAr
ano(
1996)f
ore
xampl
e
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4 Ac
c
or
di
ng t
o Sugi
mot
o(
1956)
,t
hee
t
ymol
ogi
c
alor
i
gi
n ofTe
nj
i
k
ui
st
hewor
d Thi
ndhu,t
he
Bur
ma
ni
ze
dwor
df
orSi
nd.Si
ndi
st
heor
i
gi
nalnameofI
ndi
a.
5 Fori
ns
t
anc
e
,t
hee
pi
s
odeofpr
i
nc
eTakaoka(
高岳親王)hasbe
e
nhande
ddown,i
nwhi
c
hhet
r
i
e
s
t
ovi
s
i
tTe
nj
i
kubutdi
e
si
nana
t
t
ac
ke
dbyat
i
ge
rs
ome
whe
r
ei
nLaosorI
ndone
s
i
a.Anot
he
rmonk
name
dMyoe(
明恵)i
sal
s
of
amousf
orwant
i
ngt
ovi
s
i
tTe
nj
i
ku;hei
ss
ai
dt
ohavec
al
c
ul
at
e
dt
hat
i
twoul
dr
e
qui
r
e1,
000daysi
nor
de
rt
or
e
ac
hTe
nj
i
ku.
6 Fore
xampl
e
s
,s
e
eKawamur
a(
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7 J
i
nno
s
ho
t
o
k
i(
神皇正統記)
,wr
i
t
t
e
nbyKi
t
abat
akeChi
kaf
us
a(
北畠親房)i
n1339i
sawor
kf
amousf
or
i
t
sShi
nkokuShi
s
ou (
神国思想 )
,whi
c
hi
st
hebe
l
i
e
ft
hatJ
apani
sal
andofKami
,orde
i
t
i
e
s
.
Chi
kaf
us
as
ai
dt
hata
l
t
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na i
sa vas
tc
ount
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y,c
ompar
e
d wi
t
h GoTe
nj
i
ku (
al
lof
222
Takahi
koI
SHI
ZAKI
Te
nj
i
ku)
,i
ti
sac
t
ual
l
yve
r
ys
mal
l
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r
ehavebe
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nal
otofar
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i
c
l
e
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hu.Fore
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e
eAr
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t
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nt
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r
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t
i
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adi
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hKor
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at
hr
oughTs
us
hi
ma,wi
t
hChi
na
t
hr
oughRyukyu,andwi
t
hRus
s
i
at
hr
oughEzodur
i
ngt
hi
spe
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i
od.Al
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hought
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r
m・
Sakoku・i
s
s
t
i
l
lbe
i
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dt
oday,t
hi
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r
ac
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i
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ybr
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12 Ayus
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ei
nf
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mat
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onaboutr
e
l
at
i
ons
hi
pbe
t
we
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nZKandSho
k
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k
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,s
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nt
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aus
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t
e
rt
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i
z
uemap,whi
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ot
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eoft
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si
nt
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gi
nalve
r
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i
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c
hTe
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hi
Te
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i
kui
ss
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(
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Ni
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hi
Te
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i
kui
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sf
r
e
que
nt
l
yus
e
dt
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oughDa
i
t
o
us
a
i
i
k
i
k
i『大唐西域記』
oSa
i
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om Da
i
t
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i
i
k
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k
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ugge
s
tt
hepl
ac
ewhe
r
eXuanzang(
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an
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ai
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dTe
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om Changan(
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