計測自動制御学会中国支部 津山地区計測制御研究会 平成25年度学術講演会講演論文集 期 会 日 場 : : 平成26年2月1日(土) 津山圏域雇用労働センター 主催:(社)計測自動制御学会中国支部 津山地区計測制御研究会 計測自動制御学会中国支部 津山地区計測制御研究会 平成25年度学術講演会プログラム 日 時 : 平成26年2月1日(土) 13:20~16:50 会 場 : 津山圏域雇用労働センター 大ホール,第2会議室,中会議室 津山市山下 92-1 主 催 : TEL(0868)24-3633 (社)計測自動制御学会中国支部 津山地区計測制御研究会 第1室(大ホール) 【講演 A1】13:20~14:35 司会:井上浩行(津山高専) 【1】13:20~13:35 「斜軸多段水車の水車軸角度と羽根車位相が出力特性に及ぼす影響」 ○金本嵩之(津山高専専攻科),片山道宣,矢野滉人,佐藤紳二(津山高専) 【2】13:35~13:50 「開放形水車の羽根角と羽根枚数が出力特性に及ぼす影響」 ○渡邉慶吾(津山高専専攻科),北村 元,山根いくみ,佐藤紳二(津山高専) 【3】13:50~14:05 「ディーゼル機関の燃焼改善を目的とする圧縮比の異なるピストン燃焼室の設計 と製作」 ○武内 惇,牟田将之,神田尚弘,川村純司,福田昌准(津山高専) 【4】14:05~14:20 「フローフォーカシングによる平面伸張流動場の流路形状」 ○守本翔平(津山高専専攻科),松岡伸祐,加藤 学(津山高専) 【5】14:20~14:35 「岡山県北地域における降雨降雪による環境放射線量率の変動」 ○中田琢也,加藤 学(津山高専),石森 有(JAEA 人形峠環境技術センター) ---(休憩 14:35~14:50)--- 【講演 A2】14:50~16:05 司会:中村重之(津山高専) 【6】14:50~15:05 「津山高専における集光式,法面設置,及びフレキシブル太陽光発電システムの 発電量」 ○水嶋将理,桶 真一郎(津山高専) ,横川倫之,奥 和男,秋田英次(山陽ロード工業) 【7】15:05~15:20 「集光式 PV システムおよび平板式 PV システムの定電圧制御」 ○鏡 幹志,元田大貴,桶真一郎(津山高専),見目喜重(豊橋創造大学),荒木建次(大同特殊鋼) 【8】15:20~15:35 「太陽電池の定電流特性に基づく可動部を持たない直達日射計の改良」 ○小出拓希,桶 真一郎(津山高専) [1] 注)○印が発表者,所属の記載がない場合は後者に同じ 【9】15:35~15:50 「ワイヤレス電力伝送による LED 点灯回路の検討」 ○淺山恵寿(津山高専専攻科),掛橋英典(津山高専) 【10】15:50~16:05 「津山市少年少女発明クラブ向けロボット製作講座の実施報告」 ○小阪田達也,八木秀幸(津山高専),村上安弘(津山市少年少女発明クラブ) 第2室(第2会議室) 【講演 B1】13:20~14:35 司会:宮下卓也(津山高専) 【1】13:20~13:35 「SFQ 回路の 2 つのしきい値を利用した論理回路構成法に関する一考察」 ○政安俊祐(津山高専専攻科),河合雅弘(津山高専) 【2】13:35~13:50 「シングルサインオンにおける認証システムの検討」 ○岡本真希男(津山高専専攻科),寺元貴幸(津山高専) 【3】13:50~14:05 「受注加工工程管理システムの可視化と改良」 ○秋田浩孝(津山高専専攻科),寺元貴幸(津山高専) 【4】14:05~14:20 「説明支援システムにおけるインスタンス生成の検討」 ○福谷遼祐,三宅康朗(津山高専専攻科),寺元貴幸(津山高専) 【5】14:20~14:35 「津山市における統計情報の可視化に関する研究」 ○森川雄介(津山高専専攻科),寺元貴幸(津山高専) 第3室(中会議室) 【講演 C1】13:20~14:35 司会:香取重尊(津山高専) 【1】13:20~13:35 「単一白色発光素子を目指したECR-CVD法による非晶質窒化炭素薄膜の作 製」 ○赤松克俊,矢吹淳真(津山高専),寺元統人(津山高専専攻科),中村重之(津山高専),財 部健一(岡山理科大学) 【2】13:35~13:50 「単一白色発光素子を目指した非晶質窒化炭素薄膜の発光特性」 ○矢吹淳真,赤松克俊(津山高専),寺元統人(津山高専専攻科),中村重之(津山高専),財 部健一(岡山理科大学) 【3】13:50~14:05 「p型Mg2Si熱発電素子の作製」 ○星島正英,杉本貴洋,中村重之(津山高専) 【4】14:05~14:20 「薄膜太陽電池を目指した硫化銅スズ薄膜の作製」 ○是近忠志,須一貴啓,中村重之(津山高専) [2] 注)○印が発表者,所属の記載がない場合は後者に同じ 【5】14:20~14:35 「熱発電素子を目指した硫化銅スズの合成」 ○船引啓志,中村重之(津山高専) ---(休憩 14:35~14:50)--- 【講演 C2】14:50~16:05 司会:寺元貴幸(津山高専) 【6】14:50~15:05 「ラジコンボートを使った被災地(福島県松川浦)用湖沼モニタリング装置の試 作」 ○岩木 優,細谷和範(津山高専),西 隆一郎(鹿児島大学) 【7】15:05~15:20 「群魚をまねた高効率推進機構の試作」 ○尾髙直人(津山高専),石井貴之(津山高専専攻科),細谷和範(津山高専) 【8】15:20~15:35 「洋ラン栽培のための温室環境自動制御システムの試作」 ○熊谷淳志,桶 真一郎(津山高専) 【9】15:35~15:50 「SPCTRAL2 を用いた全天日射スペクトルの推定に及ぼす黄砂の影響」 ○帆足 介(津山高専),山本真弘(津山高専専攻科),桶 真一郎(津山高専) [3] 注)○印が発表者,所属の記載がない場合は後者に同じ ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࡢỈ㌴㍈ゅᗘ⩚᰿㌴┦ࡀฟຊ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ۑ㔠ᮏᔞஅ* ∦ᒣ㐨ᐉ ▮㔝⁞ே బ⸨⤀* * ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ The Influences of turbine shaft angle and phase difference of the impeller on the output performances of the multi-stage water turbine with slant shaft ۑTakayuki KANEMOTO* Mitinori KATAYAMA* Hiroto YANO* and Shinji SATO* * Tsuyama National College of Technology 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 2011 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥ࡢཎⓎᨾࡢᙳ㡪࡛㸪ᅜෆ࡛ࡣⅆຊⓎ㟁 ࡢྜࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ⅆຊⓎ㟁ࡣ CO2 ࡢฟࡼࡿᆅ⌫ ࡢ ᬮ㸪▼࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢᑗ᮶ⓗᯤῬ࠸࠺ၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡍ ࡿࡇࡽ㸪ኴ㝧ග㸪㢼ຊ㸪ᆅ⇕࡞ࡢ⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ ࡢ⏝ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢ୰ ࡛ࡶ㸪ỈຊⓎ㟁ࡣ㸪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚຠ⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪㟁ຊࡢᏳᐃ ౪⤥ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡇࡽ᭷ᮃどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪つᶍ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ ࡣ⎔ቃ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ᑠⴠᕪࡢ⏝ ࡀྍ⬟࡛⎔ቃ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࡲࡓタ⨨ࡀᐜ᫆࡞ᑠỈ ຊⓎ㟁ࡀὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ᑠỈຊⓎ㟁࡛ࡶࢡࣟ ࢫࣇ࣮ࣟỈ㌴➼ࡢࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢࢆ᭷ࡍࡿỈ㌴ࡀ୍⯡⏝࠸ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢࢆ᭷ࡍࡿỈ㌴ࡢ୰ᑠἙᕝ࡛ࡢ⏝࡛ࡣ㸪 Fig.1 Schematic of experimental apparatus ᾋὶ≀ࡼࡿὶ㊰ࡢ㛢ሰࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢࡓ ࡵᑠࡲࡵ࡞࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࡀḞࡏ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥ ࢫᐜ࡛᫆ࡘ㧗ᛶ⬟࡞ᑠỈຊⓎ㟁⏝Ỉ㌴ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚ ࡅࡽࢀ࡚㸪㛤Ỉᵴᡠࡿ㸬ຠ⋡ Șࡣᘧ(2)ࡼࡗ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬 ࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡢୗ㸪ᒸᒣᕷࡢ㇂ཱྀၟᰴࡣᑠỈຊⓎ㟁 TZ K L UgHQ (2) ⏝ࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ⓗ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫᐜ᫆࡞ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࢆᥦࡋࡓ㸬 ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࡢỈ㌴ࡣࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ࢱࣉࡢỈ㌴(1)࡛㸪ࡑ 2S N 60 L T (1) ࡢྛ✀タィせ⣲ࡀฟຊ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣᮍ▱࡛࠶ࡾ㸪タィ ᣦ㔪ࡶ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬 ࡇࡇ࡛ ȡ㸸Ỉࡢᐦᗘ㸪g㸸㔜ຊຍ㏿ᗘ㸪H㸸ⴠᕪ㸪Q㸸య✚ ᮏሗ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࡢྛ✀タィせ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ỉ㌴ ὶ㔞࡛࠶ࡿ. ㍈ࡢഴᩳゅ㸪⩚᰿ゅ࠾ࡼࡧ⩚᰿㌴┦ࡀỈ㌴ࡢฟຊ≉ᛶཬ 㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬 㸱㸬㸯Ỉ㌴㍈ゅᗘࡢᙳ㡪 㸰㸬ᐇ㦂⨨࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㦂᪉ἲ Ỉ㌴ࡢᩳ㍈ゅᗘ șࢆኚࡉࡏࡓࡁࡢຠ⋡≉ᛶ᭤⥺ࢆ Fig.1 ᐇ㦂⨨ࡢᴫ␎ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬Ỉࡣ㛤Ỉᵴࡽ࣏ࣥࣉ P Fig.2 ♧ࡍ㸬ș=45°ࡲ࡛ࡣ㸪șࡢቑຍࡶຠ⋡ Șࡶቑຍࡍ ࡼࡗ࡚Ữࡳୖࡆࡽࢀ㸪ὶ㔞ㄪ⠇ᘚࣇ࣮࣓࣮ࣟࢱ F ࢆ㏻ࡗ ࡿࡀ㸪ࡉࡽᩳ㍈ゅᗘࡢࡁ࠸ ș=60°࡞ࡿຠ⋡ࡣ㏫ప ࡚ୖ㒊Ỉᵴὶධࡍࡿ㸬ୖ㒊ỈᵴࡽࡢⴠỈࢆཷࡅ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡋ ୗࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣᮏ౪ヨỈ㌴ࡀ⾪ືỈ㌴ືỈ㌴ࡢ୧᪉ ࡓỈ㌴ࡢືຊ L ࡣ㸪⮬ᅾ㍈⥅ᡭࡼࡗ࡚Ỉᖹ㍈ఏ㐩ࡉࢀ㸪 ࡢ≉ᛶࢆවࡡഛ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩳ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢽࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ Bࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀࡓࢺࣝࢡ T ࠾ࡼࡧ㠀᥋ ㍈ゅᗘ ș=0°ࡸ 30°࡛ࡣືỈ㌴ࡢせ⣲ࡀᙅࡃ㸪㏫ ș=60°࡛ࡣ ゐࢱࢥ࣓࣮ࢱ࣮ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡋࡓᅇ㌿ᩘ N ࡽ㸪ᘧ(1) ࡼ ⾪ືỈ㌴ࡢせ⣲ࡀᙅ࠸ࡇࡽప࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⾪ືỈ㌴ ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ್ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸬Ỉ㌴ࢆ㥑ືࡋࡓỈࡣୗ㒊Ỉᵴ࡛ཷ ືỈ㌴ࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡰᆒ➼ྜࢃࡏࡶࡘ ș=45°࡛᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟(2014ᖺ 2᭶ 1᪥) -1- ຠ⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬 㸱㸬㸰⩚᰿ゅ࠾ࡼࡧ⩚᰿㌴┦ᕪࡢᙳ㡪 Fig.3㹼5 㸪⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=30°㸪45°㸪60°ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚㸪 Ỉ㌴㍈ゅᗘ ș=45°୍ᐃࡢୗ࡛⩚᰿㌴┦ᕪ į ࢆኚࡉࡏࡓ ࡁࡢຠ⋡≉ᛶ᭤⥺ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᅗ୰ࡢซࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ┦ᕪࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ๓ẁࡢ⩚᰿ฟཱྀᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿ධཱྀࡢゅᗘᕪ㉳ ᅉࡍࡿࡶࡢ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡽ㸪๓ẁࡢ⩚᰿ฟཱྀᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿ධ ཱྀࡢゅᗘᕪ į’࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡎ⩚᰿ゅ ȕ ࡘ࠸࡚㸦Fig.3㹼Fig.5 ࢆ㸧ẚ㍑ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ȕ=45° ࡢሙྜ㸦Fig.4㸧ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏᐇ㦂᮲௳ Fig.2 Change of efficiency with turbine shaft angle ࠾ࡅࡿ⩚᰿ゅࡢ᭱㐺್ࡣ ȕ=45°࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ḟ㸪᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ Fig.4 ࡢ ȕ=45°࠾࠸࡚┦ ᕪࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪į’=5°࡛ࢃࡎ࡞ࡀࡽ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ຠ ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣ ȕ=45°࡛ࡣ㸪į’=5°ࡢሙྜ㸪๓ẁ ࡽὶฟࡋࡓὶࢀࡀᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿᭱ࡶ㸦⾪✺➼ࡢ㸧ᦆኻࡀᑡ࡞ ࠸≧ែ࡛ὶධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬ࡇ ࡢ⪃࠼ᇶ࡙ࡅࡤ㸪๓ẁࡢ⩚᰿ࡽࡢὶฟゅᗘࡀࡁ࠸ ȕ ࡀ ࡁ࠸ሙྜࡣ๓࣭ᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿ฟཱྀ࣭ධཱྀࡢゅᗘᕪ į’ࡶࡁ ࠸ሙྜ㸪ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Fig.5 ࡢ ȕ=60° ࡢሙྜࢆࡳࡿ㸪ȕ=45°ࡢሙྜࡼࡾ㸪๓࣭ᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿ฟཱྀ࣭ ධཱྀࡢゅᗘᕪࡀࡁ࠸ į’=30°࡛᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ๓㏙ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆࡅࡿ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪⩚᰿ゅ Fig.3 Effect of the phase difference of impeller(ȕ=30°) ȕ=30°ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Fig.3㸧ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ⪃࠼ᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍⮴ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸㸬ȕ=30°࡛ࡣ㸪⩚᰿⾪✺ࡋࡓỈὶࡀ⩚᰿ࡣࡌ ࢀ࡚ࡑࡢከࡃࡀࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢእฟࡉࢀࡿὶືᵝ┦ࡀ┠ど ほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ືỈ㌴ࡋ࡚ࡢせ⣲ࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡓࡇࡀ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬 㸲㸬ࡲࡵ ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࡢỈ㌴㍈ഴᩳゅ㸪⩚᰿ゅ࠾ࡼࡧ⩚᰿㌴┦ࡀ Ỉ㌴ࡢฟຊ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ᐇ㦂ⓗㄪᰝࡋ㸪௨ୗ ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓ㸬 㸦㸯㸧ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴࡛ࡣ㸪⾪ືỈ㌴ືỈ㌴ࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡰ ᆒ➼ྜࢃࡏࡶࡘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿỈ㌴㍈ゅᗘ ș=45°࡛᭱ࡶ Fig.4 Effect of the phase difference of impeller(ȕ=45°) 㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 㸦㸰㸧ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ゅࡣฟຊ≉ᛶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡋ㸪⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=45°࡛᭱ࡶ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 㸦㸱㸧ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࡢ㧗ຠ⋡㐠㌿࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪๓ẁࡢ⩚᰿㌴ ࡽὶฟࡋࡓὶࢀࡀᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿㌴⾪✺➼ࡢᦆኻࡀᑡ࡞ ࠸≧ែ࡛ὶධࡍࡿ⩚᰿㌴┦ᕪࡢタᐃࡀ㔜せ࡛㸪⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=45°࡛ࡣ๓࣭ᚋẁࡢ⩚᰿ฟཱྀ࣭ධཱྀࡢゅᗘᕪ į’=5r࡛᭱ ࡶ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ⤊ࢃࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡀ㸪㇂ཱྀၟ㸦ᰴ㸧ࡽࡢඹྠ◊ ✲㈝ᅉࡗࡓࡇࢆグࡋ㸪ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (1) ྜྷᕝᕼ㸪᳃ୗ㞝ኴ㸸ᑠỈຊⓎ㟁⏝ᩳ㍈ከẁỈ㌴ࡢฟຊ≉ᛶ㛵 ࡍࡿ◊✲㸪ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛ᏛᰯᶵᲔᕤᏛ⛉༞ᴗㄽᩥ㸪 㸦2012㸧 -2- Fig.5 Effect of the phase difference of impeller(ȕ=60°) 㛤ᨺᙧỈ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ゅ⩚᰿ᯛᩘࡀฟຊ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ۑΏ㑓࿃* ᮧඖ* ᒣ᰿࠸ࡃࡳ* బ⸨⤀* * ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ The Influences of blade angle and number of blades on the outoput performances of the open type water turbine ۑKeigo Watanabe * Gen Kitamura* * Ikumi Yamane and * Tsuyama National College of Technology 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ * Shinji SATO Ỉ㌴ࡢฟຊ L ࡣ㸪Ỉ㌴㍈ṑ㌴ቑ㏿ᶵ G ࢆࡋ࡚ྲྀࡅࡽ 2011 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡢᮾ᪥ᮏ㟈⅏ࡼࡿ⚟ᓥ➨୍ཎⓎࡢᨾ௨᮶㸪 ࢀࡓࣉ࣮ࣟࢽࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟ B ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡓࢺࣝࢡ T 㸪┠どࡲࡓ ⏕ྍ⬟࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛Ᏻᐃ౪⤥ྍ ࡣ㠀᥋ゐᆺᅇ㌿ィࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀࡓᅇ㌿ᩘ N ࡽ㸪ᘧ(1) ⬟࡛࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ኚຠ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸࣐ࢡࣟỈຊⓎ㟁࡞ࡢᑠつ ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡿ㸬ࡉࡽຠ⋡ Ș ࡣᘧ(2)ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿฟຊಀ ᶍ࡞ỈຊⓎ㟁ࡀ᭷ᮃどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᩘ μ㸦ฟຊࡢ↓ḟඖ㔞㸧ᘧ(3)ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿὶ㔞ಀᩘ ࡇࢁ࡛㸪୍⯡ᑠつᶍ࡞ỈຊⓎ㟁࠾࠸࡚ࡣࢡࣟࢫࣇࣟ ȭ㸦ὶ㔞ࡢ↓ḟඖ㔞㸧ࡢẚࡋ࡚㸪ᘧ(4)ࡼࡾồࡵࡓ㸬 ࣮ᙧ➼ࡢࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢࢆ᭷ࡍࡿỈ㌴ࡀከࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ ࡋ㸪ࢣ࣮ࢩࣥࢢࢆ᭷ࡍࡿỈ㌴ࡢ୰ᑠἙᕝ࡛ࡢ⏝࡛ࡣ㸪ᾋ ὶ≀ฎ⌮࡞ࡢ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࡀᚲせ࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪タ⨨ࡀ⡆༢࡞ୖࡰ࣓ࣥࢸࢼࣥࢫࣇ࣮࡛ࣜ ࠶ࡿ㛤ᨺᙧୗࡅỈ㌴ࡣ㸪Ỉ㌴ຠ⋡ࡀ 30%⛬ᗘᴟࡵ࡚ప࠸ ࡇࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ⓨ㟁┠ⓗ࡛⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣࢇ࡞ ࡗࡓ㸬 2S N 60 L TZ P 2 L [ UBD(2 gH )3 / 2 ] (2) I Q ( BD 2 gH ) (3) K P I T (1) (4) ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ㸪㛤ᨺ ࡇࡇ࡛ Q㸸ὶ㔞㸪B㸸Ỉ㌴ᖜ㸪D㸸Ỉ㌴ᾐỈ῝ࡉ㸪H㸸ⴠᕪ㸪 ᙧୗࡅỈ㌴ࡢຠ⋡ྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ㸪ྛ✀タィせ⣲ࡀฟຊ≉ᛶ ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬 ȡ㸸Ỉࡢᐦᗘ㸪g㸸㔜ຊຍ㏿ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽᮏሗ࡛ࡣ㸪㧗ຠ⋡㛤ᨺᙧୗࡅỈ㌴タィᣦ㔪ࡢࡓࡵ ౪ヨỈ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ࡣỈ㌴ᮏయࣇ࣮࣒ࣞᨭᣢᯟ࡛ࣅࢫṆࡵࡉ ࡢᇶ♏ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᐇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪Ỉ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ゅ㸪⩚᰿ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅛᐃࣅࢫࡢ⨨ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛㸪⩚᰿ゅᗘࢆ 0㹼 ᯛᩘ࠾ࡼࡧᖜ/┤ᚄẚࡀฟຊ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆᐇ㦂ⓗㄪ 50°࡛ 5 ẁ㝵㸪⩚᰿ᯛᩘࢆ 9㹼27 ᯛ࡛ 4 ẁ㝵ኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ᰝࡋࡓࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ㸬 ࡁࡿ㸬Ỉ㊰ࡣᩚὶ᱁ᏊỈὶࢆຠ⋡ⰋࡃỈ㌴ᑟࡃࡓࡵࡢ 㞟Ỉ⨨ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 㸰㸬ᐇ㦂⨨࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㦂᪉ἲ Fig.2 ౪ヨỈ㌴ᐇ㦂⏝Ỉ㊰ࡢタ⨨≧ἣࢆ♧ࡍ㸬౪ヨỈ㌴ Fig.1 ᐇ㦂⨨ࡢᴫ␎ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬㛤Ỉᵴ W ࡽ࣏ࣥࣉ P ࡼࡗ࡚ỮࡳୖࡆࡽࢀࡓỈࡣ㸪ࣂࣝࣈ V ࡛ὶ㔞ࢆㄪᩚࡉࢀ࡞ࡀ ࡽ㸪ࣇ࣮࣓࣮ࣟࢱ F ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂⏝Ỉ㊰ὶධࡋ㸪ࢱ࣮ࣅࣥ 㸦Ỉ㌴㸧T ࢆ㥑ືࡉࡏࡓᚋ㸪ࡏࡁ D ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚㛤Ỉᵴᡠࡿ㸬 Fig.1 Schematic of experimental apparatus ࡢᑍἲẚ⋡࠾ࡼࡧᙧ≧ࡣ㸪ࢻࢶࡢࣁࢻࣟ࣡ࢵࢺ♫࡛ᐇ㝿 ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟(2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥) -3- Fig2. Tested turbine and water channel ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢬࢵࣆ࣮ࣥ࢞Ỉ㌴(1)ࢆཧ⪃ࡋ㸪ᇶ‽⩚᰿ ㌴ࡢእᚄ D=500mm㸪⩚᰿ᖜ B=150mm㸪⩚᰿ᯛᩘ z=18 ᯛỴ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬 㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ Fig.3 㸪ᇶ‽㐠㌿᮲௳⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿὶ㔞ಀᩘ ȭ=1.0 ࡢሙྜ ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=0°㸪12.5°㸪25°㸪37.5°ኚࡉࡏࡓࡁ ࡢ࿘㏿ಀᩘຠ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=0° 12.5°ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ ȕ=12.5°ࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ ࢆ♧ࡍࡀ㸪ȕ=12.5° 25°࡛ࡣࡰྠࡌຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ ⩚᰿ゅࡢࡁ࠸ ȕ=37.5°࡛ࡣ㏫ຠ⋡ࡣపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢ Fig.3 Change of efficiency with blade angle ࡼ࠺ ȕ=12.5° 25°࡛ࡣࡰྠ➼ࡢຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢࡢ㸪ὶ ㏿⩚᰿࿘㏿ࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿᇶ‽㐠㌿᮲௳⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࿘㏿ಀᩘ CU=1.0 ࡛㧗࠸ຠ⋡ࢆ♧ࡍ ȕ=12.5°ࡀᮏ౪ヨỈ㌴࠾ࡅࡿ⩚᰿ ゅࡢ᭱㐺್࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬 Fig.4 㸪⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=12.5°୍ᐃࡢୗ࡛⩚᰿ᯛᩘ z=9㸪12㸪18㸪 27 ኚࡉࡏࡓࡁࡢ࿘㏿ಀᩘ CU㸦ᅇ㌿ᩘࡢ↓ḟඖ㔞㸧ຠ ⋡ Ș ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 Fig.4 ࠾࠸࡚㸪⩚᰿ᯛᩘ z=18 ࡲ࡛ࡣ z ࢆቑࡸࡍࡘࢀ࡚ Ș ࡶࡁ࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࡀ㸪z=18 z=27 ࡛ࡣ㸪z=18 ࡢ᪉ࡀࢃࡎ 㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪ᮏ౪ヨỈ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ᯛ ᩘࡢ᭱㐺್ࡣ z=18 ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬 Fig.5 㸪⩚᰿ゅ ȕ=12.5°㸪⩚᰿ᯛᩘ z=18 ୍ᐃࡢୗ࡛Ỉ㌴ࡢ Fig.4 Change of efficiency with number of blades ᖜ/┤ᚄẚ İ㸦=B/D㸧ࢆኚࡉࡏࡓࡁࡢ࿘㏿ಀᩘຠ⋡ࡢ㛵 ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬࡞࠾㸪౪ヨỈ㌴ࡢᇶ‽┤ᚄ D=500mm ࡛ࡣ㸪ᖜ/┤ ᚄẚࢆࡁࡃࡿᐇ㦂⏝Ỉ㊰ෆỈ㌴ࡀ⣡ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ ࠶ࡿࡇࡽ㸪┦ఝ๎ࡢᡂ❧ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪D=320mm ኚ ᭦ࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇࡋࡓ㸬Fig.5 ࢆࡳࡿ㸪Ỉ㌴┤ᚄᑐࡋ࡚ᗈ ࠸Ỉ㌴ᖜࢆࡶࡘ İ=0.56 ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪İ=0.28 ࡢ⣙ 1.4 ಸࡢ᭱ຠ⋡ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ฟຊࢆホ౯ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ᖜࡢᗈ࠸᪉ࡀᙜ↛㧗 ࠸್ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ຠ⋡್࡛ホ౯ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪Ỉ㌴ᖜ ࢆࡁࡃࡿฟຊࡀቑຍࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ධຊࡶቑຍࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ຠ⋡ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྥୖࡍࡿࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ᅇࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ 2 ✀ 㢮ࡢᖜ/┤ᚄẚ࡛ࡋᐇ㦂ࢆᐇࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪㛤ᨺᙧỈ㌴ ࡢ᭱㐺࡞ᖜ/┤ᚄẚࢆぢฟࡍࡓࡵࡣ㸪ᚋ㸪ࡉࡽ␗࡞ࡿᖜ Fig.5 Effect of the ratio of the width/diameter /┤ᚄẚࡼࡿᐇ㦂ࢆᐇࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝຍ࠼࡚㸪Ỉ㌴ࡢᖜ/┤ᚄẚࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡋ㸪 㸲㸬ࡲࡵ ᮏᐇ㦂ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ㸪Ỉ㌴┤ᚄᑐࡋ࡚ᗈ࠸Ỉ㌴ᖜࢆࡶࡓࡏࡓ Ỉ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ゅ⩚᰿ᯛᩘࡀฟຊ≉ᛶཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ ᪉ࡀ㧗࠸ຠ⋡್ࢆ♧ࡍ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ༑ศ࡞ࢹ࣮ ㄪᰝࡋ㸪௨ୗࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᚓࡓ㸬 ࢱᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢࡣ࠸࠸㞴࠸㸬ࡉࡽ␗࡞ࡿᖜ/┤ᚄẚࡼࡿ 㸦㸯㸧 Ỉ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ゅࡣฟຊ≉ᛶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ,᭱㐺 ᐇ㦂ࢆᐇࡋ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᐇࢆᅗࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪㛤ᨺᙧỈ㌴ࡢᖜ/ ࡞⩚᰿ゅࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ౪ヨỈ㌴࠾ࡅࡿ᭱㐺࡞⩚᰿ ┤ᚄẚ㛵ࡍࡿ᭱㐺್ࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀᚋࡢㄢ㢟࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 ゅࡣ 12.5°࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 㸦㸰㸧 Ỉ㌴ࡢ⩚᰿ᯛᩘࡣฟຊ≉ᛶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ,᭱ 㐺࡞⩚᰿ᯛᩘࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬ᮏ౪ヨỈ㌴࠾ࡅࡿ᭱㐺࡞ ⩚᰿ᯛᩘࡣ 18 ᯛ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩➼ ࣁࢻࣟ࣡ࢵࢺ♫࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ http://www.hydrowatt.de/sites/galerie/g_wr_09.html -4- 㻌䝕䜱䞊䝊䝹ᶵ㛵䛾⇞↝ᨵၿ䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛㻌 ᅽ⦰ẚ䛾␗䛺䜛䝢䝇䝖䞁⇞↝ᐊ䛾タィ䛸〇స㻌 ۑṊෆᝡ ∹⏣ᑗஅ ⚄⏣ᑦᘯ ᕝᮧ⣧ྖ ⚟⏣ᫀ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Design and Machining of Piston Cavities with Different Compression Ratios for Diesel Engine Combustion Improvement 䕿Makoto TAKEUCHI Masayuki MUTA Naohiro KANDA Junji KAWAMURA and Masanori FUKUDA Tsuyama National College of Technology 䠍㻚㻌䜎㻌䛘㻌䛜㻌䛝㻌 䠏㻚㻌ᅽ⦰ẚ䛾ኚ᭦㻌 ࢹ࣮ࢮࣝᶵ㛵ࡣ࢞ࢯࣜࣥᶵ㛵ẚ࡚⇕ຠ⋡ࡀ㧗 㻟㻚㻝㻌 ᅽ⦰ẚ䛾ᶵ㛵ᛶ⬟䜈䛾ᙳ㡪㻌 ࡃ㸪ࢺࣛࢵࢡࡸࣂࢫࡢືຊ※ࡋ࡚ᗈࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ ᅽ⦰ẚࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿ㸪⇕ຠ⋡࠾ࡼࡧᦶ᧿ᦆኻࡀኚ ࡓ㸬㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ⇞ᩱࢆ㧗ᅽ࡛ᄇᑕࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࣔࣥࣞࣝᘧᄇ ࡍࡿ㸬Fig.2 ࡣ㧗㏿ࢹ࣮ࢮࣝᶵ㛵ࡢ⌮ㄽࢧࢡ࡛ࣝ࠶ ᑕ⨨ࡢᑟධࡼࡾẼίࡀ㐍ࡳ⏝㌴ࡶ⏝ࡀ ࡿࢧࣂࢸࢧࢡࣝࡢ⌮ㄽ⇕ຠ⋡ ηth ࡢᅽ⦰ẚ ε ࡢᙳ㡪 ᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀక࠸ጞືᛶࡢྥୖࡀᅗࡽࢀ㸪᭱ ࢆ㸪⥾ษẚ σ ୍ᐃ࡛᭱㧗ᅽຊẚ φ ᑐࡋẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ ㏆࡛ࡣᅽ⦰ẚࢆୗࡆࡿࡇ࡛⇞↝ ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏ㸪୍ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ε ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ ηth ࡣపୗࡍࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ 1) ᒙࡢ NOX ࡢపῶࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸬 ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ε ࡀୗࡀࡿᦶ᧿ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᙳ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᚋࡢ⇞↝ᨵၿ౪ࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛ 㡪ࢆ B.W.Millington ࡽ 2) ࡢᥦၐࡋࡓᘧࡽィ⟬ࡋࡓ⤖ ⾜ࡗࡓせ࡞࢚ࣥࢪࣥㅖඖ࡛࠶ࡿᅽ⦰ẚࡢኚ᭦ࢆྍ⬟ ᯝࢆ Fig.3 ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᅽ⦰ẚࡢపୗ࡛⇕ຠ ࡋࡓࣆࢫࢺࣥ⇞↝ᐊࡢタィ࣭〇సࡘ࠸࡚㏙ࡿ㸬 ⋡ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᦶ᧿ᦆኻࡣపῶ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 㻟㻚㻞㻌 ୖṚⅬ䛩䛝䜎䛾ᙳ㡪㻌 㻌 䠎㻚㻌ᐇ㦂ᶵ㛵㻌 ᅽ⦰ẚࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚㸪ୖṚⅬࡍࡁࡲ tc ࢆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢮࣝᶵ㛵ࡢせ⥴ඖࢆ ᣑࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ㸪ᶆ‽ࡢ ε=18.0 ࡽ 15.0 Table 1 ♧ࡍ㸬ࡲࡓ Fig.1 ⇞↝ᐊࡢᙧ≧ᑍἲࢆ♧ పୗࡉࡏࡿࡣ㸪tc ࢆ 1.87mm ᣑࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸㸬 ࡍ㸬ᶵ㛵ࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥ㡬㒊┤ᚄ 50mm㸪య✚ 22.4cc ࡢ ࡇࡢሙྜ㸪✵Ẽὶືࡀኚࡋ࡚ᛶ⬟ࡀపୗࡍࡿࡇࡀ ⇞↝ᐊࢆᣢࡕ㸪ᅽ⦰ẚ 18.0㸪ୖṚⅬࡍࡁࡲ tc=0.74mm ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 3)㸬ࡉࡽ Fig.1 ♧ࡍ⇞↝ᐊᑐࡍࡿ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⇞ᩱࡣ㸲ᄇཱྀࡢ࣮࣍ࣝᘚࡽᄇᑕゅ 145°࡛ᄇ ࣀࢬࣝࡽࡢᄇ㟝ࡢ⨨ࡀኚࢃࡿᙳ㡪ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ᑕࡉࢀࡿ㸬 Fig.4 ࡣ tc ࢆኚ࠼ࡓሙྜ㸪Fig.5 ࡣ tc ࢆ୍ᐃࡋ࡚พ Table 1㻌 㻌 Engine specifications ࢚ࣥࢪࣥᆺᘧ ⇞↝ᐊᙧᘧ ⇞↝ᐊᙧ≧ ෆᚄ×⾜⛬ ⾜⛬య✚ ᅽ⦰ẚ ࡳయ✚ࢆኚ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢࡍࡁࡲ㒊ࡽ⇞↝ᐊพࡳ㒊ࡢ ࢡ࣎ࢱ E1250-NB ┤᥋ᄇᑕᘧ ῝─ᆺ 92mm×90mm 598cc 18.0 ࢫ࢟ࢵࢩࣗ㏿ᗘ wr ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ tc ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ✵Ẽὶືࡀኚࡋ⇞↝ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᠱᛕࡉ ࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛⇞↝ᐊพࡳయ✚ࢆኚ࠼࡚ᅽ⦰ẚࢆኚ᭦ࡍ ࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬 0.68 ε㸻21 0.66 ε㸻18 ηth 0.64 ε㸻15 0.62 σ=2.0 0.60 1.0 2.0 φ 3.0 Fig.2 Effect of compression ratio on thermal efficiency of Sabathe cycle Fig.1 Combustion chamber geometry ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ ᪥㸧 -5- ࡾࡅࡼࡿㄗᕪࢆ࡞ࡃࡍࡓࡵලࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓ㸬 0.30 ヨసࡣ㸪ษࡾ㎸ࡳ㔞ࡀከࡍࡂࡓࡓࡵ㸪⇞↝ᐊࡢ ࡞ࡵࡽ࡞᭤⥺ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ຍᕤࣉࣟ Pf [MPa] 0.25 ࢢ࣒ࣛࢆⲨຍᕤ࠾ࡼࡧୖࡆຍᕤศࡅ㸪ຍᕤ㛫ࡢ ▷⦰࠾ࡼࡧ࡞ࡵࡽ࡞᭤⥺ࡢᐇ⌧ࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓ㸬ࣆࢫ 0.20 ࢺࣥพࡳ㒊ศࡢຍᕤࡣ㸪࠾ࡼࡑ 160 ศ㛫ࢆせࡋࡓ㸬 ε=21 ε=18 ε=15 0.15 0.10 1000 1500 2000 㻠㻚㻟㻌 ᶵ㛵䜈䛾⤌䜏䛡㻌 ⇞↝ᐊࡀ῝ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇక࠸ࣆࢫࢺࣥ㧗ࡉࢆ 5 mm ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ Fig.7 ࡢ⤌ᅗ♧ࡍࡼ࠺㸪 2500 ࣊ࢵࢻ࢞ࢫࢣࢵࢺྠᙧ≧ࡢࢫ࣮࣌ࢧ࣮࠾ࡼࡧࢡࣜ n [rpm] ࣛࣥࢫࣜࣥࢢࢆ〇సࡋ㸪྾Ẽᘚࡢࡍࡁࡲㄪᩚࡡࡌࢆ Fig.3 Changes of frictional mean effective pressure ᘏ㛗ࡋࡓ㸬 20 tc=0.6 tc=0.75 tc=1.0 wr [m/s] 15 10 5 Fig.6 㻌 㻌 Piston cavities㻌 㻌 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 θ [rATDC] Fig.4 Effect of top clearance on squish wr [m/s] 20 ε=18.0 ε=16.5 ε=15.0 15 10 5 0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 θ [rATDC] Fig.6 Engine configuration Fig.5 Effect of cavity volume on squish 䠑㻚㻌䛒㻌䛸㻌䛜㻌䛝㻌 䠐㻚㻌䝢䝇䝖䞁⇞↝ᐊ䛾タィ䛸〇స㻌 ᭦ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋ㸪ᶆ‽ࡢᅽ⦰ẚ 18.0 ᑐࡋ Fig.6 ࢹ࣮ࢮࣝᶵ㛵ࡢ㸪⇞↝ᨵၿࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ᅽ⦰ẚࡢ ␗࡞ࡿࣆࢫࢺࣥ⇞↝ᐊࡢタィ〇సࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ᚋࡣ⇞↝ᨵၿࡢ◊✲ά⏝ࡋ㸪⎔ቃᑐᛂᆺࢹ࣮ ࢮࣝᶵ㛵ࡢᐇ⌧ࡢ୍ຓࡋࡓ࠸㸬 ♧ࡍ 16.5 ࠾ࡼࡧ 15.0 ࡢࣆࢫࢺࣥ⇞↝ᐊࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㻌 㻠㻚㻝㻌 䝢䝇䝖䞁⇞↝ᐊ䛾タィ㻌 ΰྜẼᙧᡂࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅᢚ࠼࡚ᅽ⦰ẚࢆኚ ⇞↝ᐊࡢ῝ࡉ᪉ྥࡢࡳᣑࡋ㸪⇞↝ᐊࡢయ✚ࡣᅽ⦰ ẚࢆࡶ⟬ฟࡋ㸪3 ḟඖ CAD ࢆ⏝࠸࡚タィࡋࡓ㸬 㻠㻚㻞㻌 〇స᪉ἲ㻌 ࣆࢫࢺࣥ㡬㒊ࡢࡳࢆ〇సࡋ㸪㡬㒊ࢆຍᕤࡋࡓࣆࢫࢺ ࣥᮏయ࣎ࣝࢺࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬ࣆࢫࢺࣥ㡬㒊ࡣ㸪 ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ᪕┙࡛እ࿘㒊ศࢆຍᕤࡋ࡚࠾ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ 1)㻌 ➉ᮧ⣧㸸పᅽ⦰ẚࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࢹ࣮ࢮࣝࡢ⇞↝ไᚚᢏ ⾡㸪MITSUBISI MOTORS Technical review, 22, 34/40 (2010) 2) B.W.Millington and E.R.Hartles㸸SAE paper, No.680590 (1968) 3) ụୖュ࣭⚟⏣ᫀ㸸┤᥋ᄇᑕᘧࢹ࣮ࢮࣝᶵ㛵ࡢ⇞ ↝ཬࡰࡍୖṚⅬࡍࡁࡲࡢᙳ㡪㸪⮬ື㌴ᢏ⾡ㄽᩥ㞟㸪40, 8/13(1990) NC ࣇࣛࢫ┙ࢆ⏝࠸࡚೫ᚰ㒊ࡸ⇞↝ᐊࢆ࣮࢚࣎ࣝࣥ ࢻ࣑ࣝእᚄ 10mm࡛ຍᕤࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㝿㸪⿕๐≀ࡢྲྀ -6- ¢Õġ° ( Ù«iĐ ' |Ī¡ 몬àŜė§Ŏ¡Þ Channel geometry of planar elongational flow in flow focusing Shohei MORIMOTO* Shinsuke MATSUOKA* and Manabu KATO* *TSUYAMA National College of Technology #$"! " y Ï'ń³'w®;Š÷öjĠ&!ñ£ ņ±ŠT?B[RY?M>HB#)87»¨íl; ÅÆĭŠřŠĄŠ~ęŠãĤÀÖÍė'wŋ šĸñĝÜ;E=íl#F^Híl'āŕ"'ń³' ~&ĊĈ!ĶÛ;Ĭš "»¨îôþÊ~¡ ¾Šĩð%$&¾ÿ8! 7 ş ş )% 85T?B[RY?M>HB(ŠFXE\ & 3 &E=íl'í8'á;ďšŝŗ 3AWH'KLS&UB[\@^J^fa'»¨íł ;mà 'c"íl;6ÅÆĭ" 7šT?B é"Ċħ8F^Híl" 7š 3(a)"(ŠE=í [RY?M>HB'œijŜ.6Š6Åíl'ēŘ l#F^Híl'āÑċ" 7#:7š8 2ŠT?B[HD^Y"'íl'í}'ýĶ½ij &¦!÷öjĠ&ņ #8!7š'c"2Ę·ÀøÀ;Óíl'T ā&CZ^ŗĵñ8Šār&Ē}!7 ùÁ' 3(b)"(Š ?B[í8a"'í}(ŠkZ?PYIË'í8&% #:7š'~;ń³"Ĺp2'; 4 & 7#5ÂÀ{'¹Ŗ¨%6ŠŇ¯'í8" ďšr'ŗF^Híl"Šr'ŗE=í (û8%4%»µ%·À{'í8*'¹Ŗ l" 7š846Š÷ö'jĠ&ņ 7#ķ:8!7š'1ŠT?B[HD^Yí8" CZ^'ŗr*²!6ŠE=íl'í}ŗ &8Š '·À{'Ĺp½ij#8!7š ÕČĔ"(ŠE=]F^Hí8;ÿ!°ŕi¶í} ;ąþ7T?B[íł;ımŠĘ·Àíl'í };Ļ+!7šE=]F^Hí8(Ši¶¸7 E=íl;ă%7íl"Ç/Ņ0í8"Šíl;n !ğ¨íł;mÃ7Äê" 7šE=]F^Hí8; ÿ!Ši¶í};¸ÃŠĘ·Àíl'Z@[G^ øÀ;ĻÝ76Ĝ/(d"2Ĭ:8!7Š8 ."'#9Šíł'ĬÏ'Ŕ_áÀ&!' ľļ(,#<$Ĵ58%š "ÕČĔ"(ŠíłÚ'ĬÏ&7E=í Fig.1 Experiment setup l'Îŕ¸ù;Ļ+71&ŠF^Híl;é"Ċħ E=íl'íł¸ù'ĵ¥;Ĭš ) ¤śİĠ; 1 &ďš 2(a)'íłÚ;ÿ!E =]F^Hí8;ąþ7š 2(b)&ď4& íö;´âö#ší8(T?B[HE^S" ĵ¥7 ¤ś&( 4Ţ1 &Ĩ1è 1èóîŠĘ·À (a) (b) Fig.2 Micro Channel that generates a contraction flow íl#! CTAB/NaSal ĚāŕìÀzèóî(0.03/0.23 mol/l);ÿ7š¤śØg;Į 1 &ďš8'¤ś &!2ŠF^Híl;é"Ċħ!E=íl'¸ ù;ĵ¥šÉ¹(ŠíłÚÏ'c(z=0); ò#Š5ōĉ` z Ń Ï&T?B[HE^S (a) z=0.0mm '÷ö; 0.1mm &Ē}!ĵ¥7šĵ¥ }Ā5£¯í}ùÁ;x6vŠx=2 5 5 mm 'ŗ Fig.3 Channel width of the core fluid ĸñĥ}yº¡hcÊŊëªĸñyºČĔhĽõļÌŐ(2014 ± 2 Ò 1 Ð) -7- (b) z=1.4mm 300 Table.1 Conditions of core fluid and sheath fluid 1 2 3 4 5 Qsh[μl/min] t[mm] 119 282.3 351 705 5 39.8 282.3 3 0.0mm 1.2mm 2.4mm 200 ń³ Conditions Qco[μl/min] Fluid Core Sheath 100 CTAB CTAB 0 0 r*²!7#;ď!7š5&Š÷ öjĠr*ņ #ŠE=íl'ā"'ń³'s ¨%!7š8(Šįuāï³#ílāŕ 50 20 7#È¥"7šä&ŠĮ 1 'á%Øg"ñ£;Ĭí íłÎŕ's 25 āŕ'sāŕÑċ&ĵ¥87š_ÏŠ÷ 2'#È¥7š%:ŠíłÎŕ( 5 'á" 250 Qsh=282.3μl/min Qsh=351μl/min 15 Qsh=705μl/min 10 5 łÎŕ¸ù'~;ñ£šØg 1 5 3 "(Š 6 0 &ď4&×q(,-_Ħ!7Šz=0 eņ" 0 0.5 (íŌ&8!íłÎŕ's!7š '#5ŠÎŕ¸ù(F^Híl'ň³w®&o 200 luminosity .6Šíłc"(Šįuāï³'&æ+!Š &æ+!Šs¨1ŠāŕbÑċ&ĵ¥8 150 Fig.4 Slope of the channel cross-section by the change of 'ĬÏ&¦7s5þ72'#¿:87š öjĠ;r&Ē}&(Šįuāï³' 100 ŕ5'Łő(pixel) 1 1.5 2 2.5 íłc¼5'Łő(mm) !7#È¥"7š.Šaí"'Îŕ¸ù( Fig.6 Influence of the sheath flow rate to give to the core 7 &ď4&Š`í462cŊw"'ń³'s fluid ŠcŊw'ā46Ñċ&ĵ¥8!7 #:7š8(ŠF^Híl;!Ša ŖĞ8!7#Ģ587š'1ŠíłÔĕ Ŋw"(ŠÎŕ¸ù(íłc"(_á&ņ #È¥ "7š CTAB ;í"(Š 8 &ď4&è 1; íłÎŕ's í&ʼn0&8!ň³w®'E=ílÎŕ¸ù*'¹ 60 í'4%s'~(Ĵ58%š8 `í 40 aí 20 0 (ŠE=íl#F^Híl'āŕ&s'~©% 0 0.5 Ę·Àíl'ŔOV^N\øÀŞĘ³'~ş#i¶í }&47·À¹Ŗ;-!7#Ģ587š 1 1.5 2 2.5 íłc¼5'Łő(mm) %!7#;ď!7šÑč&(%!% Fig.7 Difference of channel cross-section under upper stream and lower stream in Qsh=351 ĢÌú T?B[KLSíł;ÿěģ#ĎÀQ^ Ióî'ð&ŏ7ČĔ 50 ÐÕåđý¬¡hĺ Vol.32 No.2 2) IJĿd Ŝ<ÎT?B[íłtí8&7ŀīü¸ Á'ŒçĆĸñŞĖ 2 şÐÕãß¡h 2009 ±³±äh ĽõļÌŐ(6)[2009 9.13~16,ć«] íłÎŕ's 1) ° Ăªd èŚèóî āŕìÀzèóî 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 íłc¼5'Łő(mm) Fig.8 -8- Difference of Syrup solution and CTAB/NaSal ' 1213 &*0% Fluctuation in environmental radiation dose rate caused by rain and snow in northern OKAYAMA gĂþh* * ò²¶åōė®Ŀ©â ģ©* ČäÜ** l¿´ÿÉĥJ`La **ÔÞ¦čēŀĆçæ Takuya NAKADA, Manabu KATO * Tsuyama National College of Technology and Yuu ISHIMORI **Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center Ø +ĔŁE`WĝĽý+öv9Őę%î5÷ Āóÿ);ͯĝ>ÿͯĝ&.őÿͯĝ v>¾6+&;ő2ŇĽĪ+Ú°r 0.5 ,ĆĀßo)8"$l¶Í¯ĝ&ğùͯĝ)zŌ< mm/h %;&9ŐŇĽ 0.5 mm/h +OaL,Į· ;ől¶Í¯ĝ,ͯĝąŐ¦Ćʼn(')$Ő £(;5ń¡;ő l¶ć)ĆĀͯĝ%;őbÒŐğùͯĝ,Ő (3/,! £9Íy<;E`Wĝ,Ē ª¬ĝ8-Ő£Ő£ì9Íy<;ğùă)6&6 ň)8"$ĹĢĀ;őYRL\`GOaL) Ēňõ &§;ͯĝ%;őÿͯĝ+ , l¶Í¯ +v;5Ő 2004 »9 2013 »2%+ŐŃŇ ĝ%,¦łĶÓī+jÎŐğùͯĝ%,£ìg+[ 7Ńň>ńĒň;OaL+3>ņĪŐĔŁE` Q`£łu$;ő[Q`,e«(ͯÇr WĝĽý+ĹĢĽ& Ēňõ+łu>į/Ő+ĹĢ s%;B[`«;ķĐ%Ā2<Ő[Q`nŃ+ Ľ> Ēňõ+S[XaL&;ĵq½%Ħő+ µĀÈû[Q`¥ãđ%;ő[Q`,¸EI%; ½>ā$ŐĹĢĽ>ĔŁE`WĝĽý)ij$9Ő Ő[Q`¥ãđ,s%;ő£ìg);[Q`¥ã ÷v>¾v> Ľ&;ő đ,^A`@BP7BCMHZ@BP)8"$ŃŇŃň - )! 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Œl ¿´+÷v ( 39.4 [nGyh] )%;ő Fig. 2 Relationship of depth of snow and amount of Fig. 3 Relationship of amount of rainfall and fluctuating in 2008 radiation shielding by snow Table.1 Fluctuation of 1 hour average of each air mass + ŃŇ)8;ĔŁE`WĝĽý+ ,Ő£9Íy %$ <;[Q`)8;5ŐŃŇŃňØ)£Ņw9+£ì 2<;'ļħ)(;őÂ"$ŐŃŇ&ĔŁE` WĝĽý+ +łu,¨ę%Ą(;&iö<;őÔÞ ,¨ę&)˦ïìŐDVaNFôìŐ°ĖìŐ HU\@ì+#+ì+Àŋ>;ő+!Ő£ Ņw+ì,˦ïìŐHU\@ì+k#%;ő Fig.3 ,ĕ%î5 Ľ9ŃŇŃňØ+ěá>»¼ &)Û}%ºv>î5ěá%;ő2ŐŃŇŃň - 10 - & ! # " & & & ὠᒣ㧗ᑓ࠾ࡅࡿ㞟ගᘧἲ㠃タ⨨ ࠾ࡼࡧࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣈࣝኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㔞 ۑỈᔱᑗ⌮ ᱩ┿୍㑻 ᶓᕝஅ ዟ⏨ ⛅⏣ⱥḟ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ ᒣ㝧࣮ࣟࢻᕤᴗ Electricity generations of concentrator, directly placed on slope type, and flexible PV systems in Tsuyama National College of Technology ۑMasamichi MIZUSHIMA, Shinichiro OKE, Noriyuki YOKOGAWA, Kazuo OKU, Eiji AKITA Tsuyama National College of Technology, Sanyo Road Industory Co., Ltd. ࡣࡌࡵ 2013 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࡼࡾ, ὠᒣ㧗ᑓ᪂ࡋ࠸ኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁 ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ, ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ṇ㠃⋞㛵๓ࡣ㞟ගᘧኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒, すഃእ ࿘ࡢἲ㠃ࡣ┤⨨ࡁᆺከ⤖ᬗࢩࣜࢥࣥኴ㝧㟁ụ, ᒇ ୖࢸࢽࢫࢥ࣮ࢺࡢほぴᖍࡣࣇࣞ࢟ࢩࣈࣝ CIGS ኴ㝧㟁ụࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢኴ㝧ගⓎ Fig.1 Bizensoil and weed sheet on a slope 㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊࡣὠᒣ㧗ᑓ౪⤥ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ౪⤥ࡉࢀࡿኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁ຠ⋡ࢆୖࡆ ࡿࡣ, ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛ ࠶ࡿ (1) ࠋ≉ἲ㠃㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ┤⨨ࡁᆺࡢኴ㝧㟁ụ࡞ ࡢ࡛ἲ㠃ࡀ㧗 ࡞ࡿ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ ᮏሗ࡛ࡣ, ኴ㝧㟁ụࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿ๓ࡢἲ㠃ࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ ࡀⓎ㟁㔞ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ, ὠᒣ㧗ᑓ タ⨨ࡋࡓ 4 ✀㢮ࡢኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࢆ ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ Ⓨ㟁㔞ཬࡰࡍἲ㠃 ᗘࡢᙳ㡪 ࡲࡎ, Ⓨ㟁㔞ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋኴ㝧㟁 ụࢆ┤⨨ࡁࡍࡿሙྜ, ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ ᗘୖ᪼ࢆᢚไࡍ ࡿࡇ࡛Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛, Fig.1 ࡢࡼ࠺ಖỈᛶࡸ෭༷ຠᯝࡢ࠶ࡿࣅࢮࣥࢯ ࣝ㸦ᕥ㸧㜵ⲡࢩ࣮ࢺྑࢆἲ㠃ᩜࡁ ᗘኚ ࢆㄪࡓࠋFig.2 , ἲ㠃 ᗘࡢ㛫ኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋኳ ẼࡢⰋ࠸㛫࠾࠸࡚, ࣅࢮࣥࢯࣝࡣ⣙ 50Υ, 㜵 Fig.2 Time variations of the temperature ⲡࢩ࣮ࢺࡣ⣙ 80Υࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋࡾࡢ㛫࠾࠸ ࡚, 㜵ⲡࢩ࣮ࢺࡣᛴ⃭ ᗘపୗࡋࡓࡀ, ࣅࢮࣥࢯ ࣝࡢ ᗘኚࡣᑠࡉࡗࡓࠋFig.3 , ࣅࢮࣥࢯ ࣝ㜵ⲡࢩ࣮ࢺ⾲㠃ࡢ ᗘᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ᗘᕪࡣ᭱ ࡛⣙ 30Υ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡾࡢ, ᗘᕪࡣᛴ⃭⦰ࡲ ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㜵ⲡࢩ࣮ࢺࡀⷧࡃ, ⇕ᐜ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡓ ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᗘᕪࡀ 30Υ࠶ࢀࡤⓎ㟁㔞ࡣࡢ⛬ᗘኚࡍࡿ JIS C 8907 ࡢࠕኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊ 㔞᥎ᐃ᪉ἲࠖࡼࡾ ᗘ⿵ṇಀᩘ KPT ࢆࡗ࡚Ⓨ㟁 㔞ࢆồࡵࡓࠋḟᘧ ᗘ⿵ṇಀᩘ KPT ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ (1) K PT 1 ĮPmax (TCR 25) / 100ࠉ ࡇࡇ࡛㸪KPT 㸸 ᗘ⿵ṇಀᩘ㸪ĮPmax 㸸᭱ฟຊ ᗘ ಀᩘ㸪TCR㸸㠃 ᗘ㸦Υ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Fig.3 Temperature differences ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 11 - ᭱ฟຊ ᗘಀᩘ ĮPmax ࡣ㸪JIS C 8907 ࠾࠸࡚㸪⤖ᬗ ⣔ࡢ⿵ṇಀᩘ್ࡣ-0.40㹼-0.50%࣭Υ -1 ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅇࡣ⤖ᬗ⣔ࢆᐃࡋ, ᭱ฟຊ ᗘಀᩘࡣ -0.50%࣭Υ -1 ࡋࡓ (2) ࠋḟ㸪ồࡵࡓ ᗘ⿵ṇಀᩘ 3 Ⓨ㟁㔞 (kWh/h) 㠃 ᗘ TCR 50Υ 80Υࢆ௦ධࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ KPT ࢆ㸪௨ୗࡢᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ⓨ㟁㔞⟬ࡋࡓࠋ 1 0 2 ࡇࡇ࡛, P㸸Ⓨ㟁㔞㸦kWh㸧, I㸸ഴᩳ㠃᪥ᑕ㔞㸦kWh/m 㸧, A㸸ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㠃✚(m2), n㸸ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝᩘ㸦ಶ㸧, Ș㸸 ኚຠ⋡࡛࠶ࡿࠋKPT ௨እࡢ್ࡀྠࡌࡋ࡚, Pb㸸ࣅ Ⓨ㟁㔞 (kWh/h) 3 P I q Aq n q Ș q K PT (2) ࢮࣥࢯࣝୖタ⨨ࡋࡓ PV ࡢⓎ㟁㔞, Ps㸸㜵ⲡࢩ࣮ Ⓨ㟁㔞 (kWh/h) ࢺୖタ⨨ࡋࡓ PV ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࡍࡿ௨ୗࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ ᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ Ps 0.828Pb (3) ୖᘧࡼࡾ㜵ⲡࢩ࣮ࢺࢆᩜ࠸ࡓ PV ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࡀࣅࢮ 3 Ⓨ㟁㔞 (kWh/h) ࣞ࢟ࢩࣈࣝ CIGS ኴ㝧㟁ụ㸦௨ᚋ, ᒇୖ CIGS, ほぴ ᖍ CIGS㸧ࡣⷧࡃ࡚㍍࠸⣲ᮦ࡛࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ, ᣢࡕ 1/6 1/7 1/8 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/7 1/8 ch3:㞟ගᘧ 2 1 3 ḟ, ྛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋὠᒣ㧗ᑓ୍ 1/5 ch2:ἲ㠃タ⨨ 0 ࡃ࡞ࡿணࡋࡓࠋ ⯡⛉┠Ჷᒇୖࢸࢽࢫࢥ࣮ࢺほぴᖍタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࣇ 1/4 1 0 ྛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㔞 1/3 2 ࣥࢯࣝࢆᩜ࠸ࡓ PV ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ẚ࡚⣙ 17%ᑠࡉ ch1:ᒇୖCIGS 2 1/3 1/6 1/7 1/8 1/7 1/8 ch4:ほぴᖍCIGS 2 1 0 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6 㐠ࡧࡸタ⨨ࡀ⡆༢࡛ࡁࡿኴ㝧㟁ụ࡛࠶ࡿࠋすഃእ Fig.4 Transition of electricity generations ࿘࠶ࡿἲ㠃ࡣ┤⨨ࡁᆺከ⤖ᬗࢩࣜࢥࣥᆺኴ㝧㟁 ụ㸦௨ᚋ, ἲ㠃タ⨨㸧ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ➨ 2 ⠇ࡣูࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࣅࢮࣥࢯࣝࡣᩜࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋṇ㛛๓ࡢᄇỈ㏆ࡣ㧗ຠ⋡ࡢᑠᆺኴ㝧㟁ụ ࣞࣥࢬࡸ࣑࣮ࣛࢆ⏝࠸࡚ኴ㝧ගࢆ㞟ගࡍࡿ㞟ගᘧ ኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦௨ᚋ, 㞟ගᘧ㸧ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋ Fig.4 ࡣ 2014 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 3 ᪥ࡽ 2014 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࡲ࡛ ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞 (kWh) 20 ch1:ᒇୖCIGS ch3:㞟ගᘧ ch4:ほぴᖍCIGS ch2:ἲ㠃タ⨨ 10 0 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/6 1/7 1/8 Fig.5 Daily integrated electricity generations ࡢྛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡢࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡶ࡛᭱ 3 kWh/h ๓ᚋࡢⓎ㟁㔞࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓἲ㠃タ⨨ࡣすྥࡁタ⨨ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ኴ㝧 ࡲࡵᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ࡀす᮶ࡿ༗ᚋࡢ᪉ࡀⓎ㟁㔞ࡣከࡃ1 ᭶ 3 ᪥ 15 ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ㠃 ᗘࡀ 50Υࡢሙྜ 80Υࡢሙ ࡢほぴᖍ CIGS ẚࡿ⣙ 0.6 kWh/h ከ࠸ࠋྠ✀ࡢ ྜࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ80Υࡢሙྜࡣ 50Υࡢሙྜࡼࡾ⣙ ኴ㝧㟁ụ࡛࠶ࡿᒇୖ CIGS ࡢሙྜほぴᖍ CIGS ࡢ 17%Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗ ሙྜࢆẚࡿほぴᖍ CIGS ࡀ⣙ 0.3 kWh/h ከࡃⓎ㟁 ࡓࠋὠᒣ㧗ᑓタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ 4 ✀㢮ࡢኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫ ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣほぴᖍ CIGS ࡀ༡ྥࡁタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࡣ, 1 ᭶ึ᪪ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭱ 3 kWh/h ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㞟ගᘧࡣࡾࡢ᪥ࢇⓎ㟁 ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋኳẼࡀⰋ࠸᪥ࡢ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࢆẚ ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣ㞼ࡢᙳ㡪࡛┤㐩᪥ᑕࡀࢮࣟࡔࡗ ࡿ ほ ぴ ᖍ CIGS ࡢ Ⓨ 㟁 㔞 ࡀ ୍ ␒ ከ ࡃ 16 ࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ kWh/day ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᚋࡣ, 㠃 ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚ᐇ㝿ࡢኴ㝧㟁ụ Fig.5 2014 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 3 ᪥ࡽ 2014 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࡲ ࡛ࡢྛࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࢆ♧ࡍࠋኳẼࡀⰋࡃ ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ, ὠᒣ㧗ᑓࡢ࠸ ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢከࡗࡓ 1 ᭶ 5 ᪥ࡽ 1 ᭶ 7 ᪥࠾ ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞ኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࡢィ ࢆ⥅⥆ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ほ ぴ ᖍ CIGS ࡢ Ⓨ 㟁 㔞 ࡀ ୍ ␒ ከ ࡃ 16 ࡍࡿࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ kWh/day ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢḟⓎ㟁㔞ࡀከ࠸ࡢࡣ (1) ㉥ᮌ 㸸 ࠕኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢண ᪉ἲ࠾ ࡅࡿኴ㝧㟁ụࢭࣝ ᗘࡢᙳ㡪㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ㸪᪥ᮏᘓ⠏Ꮫ ㏆␥ᨭ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌㞟㸪pp.1-4㸪㸦2001㸧 ᒇୖ CIGS ࡛13 kWh/day ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㞟ගᘧ ἲ㠃タ⨨ࡣ᪥ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡀ, ࡕࡽࡶ࡛᭱⣙ 12 kWh/day ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⏣୰㸸 ࠕJIS ࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ 75 ┬࣭᪂࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࠖ㸪୍ ⯡㈈ᅋἲே᪥ᮏつ᱁༠㸪㸦2012/06/21㸧 - 12 - 㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚ ż㙾ᖿᚿ* ඖ⏣㈗* ᱩ┿୍㑻* ぢ┠႐㔜** Ⲩᮌᘓḟ*** * ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ ** ㇏ᶫ㐀Ꮫ *** ྠ≉Ṧ㗰 Concentrator PV system and flat plate PV system under constant voltage control żKanji KAGAMI*㸪 Hirotaka MOTODA*㸪 Shinichiro OKE*㸪 Yoshishige KEMMOKU**㸪 Kenji ARAKI*** * Tsuyama National College of Technology㸪 ** Toyohashi Sozo University㸪 1. ࡣࡌࡵ *** Daido Steel Co.㸪 Ltd. 1.0 㞟ගᘧኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁㸦PV㸧ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪㧗ຠ⋡ࡢᑠᆺ current (í) ኴ㝧㟁ụࣞࣥࢬࡸ࣑࣮ࣛࢆ⏝࠸࡚ኴ㝧ගࢆ㞟ගࡋ㸪 Ⓨ㟁ࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡃࠎࡣ㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ ࣒ࡢ FF ࡀ㠀ᖖ㧗࠸ࡇ╔┠ࡋ㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ 0.5 ࣒ࡢᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡢ㐺⏝ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪 ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࡣࡁࡃ࡞ CPV:2005/10/01(FF:0.812) ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ(1)ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ FPV2011/10/20 (FF:0.680) ࡼࡾ FF ࡢప࠸ᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡘ࠸ 0.0 0 ᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࣇ࣮ࣝࢻヨ㦂ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ I-V 20 40 60 Voltage (V) ࣮࢝ࣈࡽ⌮ⓗ࡞᭱㟁ຊⅬ㏣ᚑ㸦MPPT㸧ไᚚࢆ Fig.1. I-V curve of CPV and FPV ᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋḟ㸪┤ὶ㟁ᅽࢆ ୍ᐃࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡢሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁 ࡣ FF ᭱㟁ຊⅬ㟁ᅽ VPmax ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ I-V ࣮࢝ࣈ ຊࢆồࡵࡓࠋ᭱ᚋ㸪ồࡵࡓⓎ㟁㟁ຊࢆ⌮ MPPT ไ ࡣ㛗᪉ᙧ㏆࠸ᙧ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㞟 ᚚࡢሙྜẚ㍑ࡋ࡚Ⓨ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࢆィ⟬ࡋ㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ẚ FF VPmax ࡀపࡃ㸪I-V ࣮࢝ࣈ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢሙྜẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ ࡶࡽ࡞᭤⥺ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࠋ Fig.2 㸪ᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ 2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶㹼2012 2. 㞟ගᘧ࠾ࡼࡧᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ᖺ 2 ᭶ࡢẖ᪥ࡢ᭱Ⓨ㟁㟁ຊࢆグ㘓ࡋࡓ้(tPmax)࠾ 㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪ࣞࣥࢬ㸪ḟගᏛ⣔㸦࣍ࣔ ࡅࡿ FF ࠾ࡼࡧ VPmax ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆ♧ࡍࠋྠᅗࡽ㸪FF ࡣ ࢪࢼࢨ࣮㸧㸪࠾ࡼࡧኴ㝧㟁ụࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓ PV ࣔࢪ 0.65㹼0.80㸪VPmax ࡣ 40㹼50 V ࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ኚືࡋࡓࡇࡀ ࣮ࣗࣝኴ㝧㏣ᑿ⨨ࡽᡂࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࠾࠸᳨࡚ ࢃࡿࠋᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪ไᚚ㟁ᅽ VC ウᑐ㇟ࡋࡓึᮇᆺ PV ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡣ㸪2003 ᖺ㡭〇 ࢆỴࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᅇࡣ㸪Fig. 2. ♧ࡍᮇ㛫ࡢ tPmax సࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࣞࣥࢬࡢ㞟ගಸ⋡ࡣ 550 ಸ㸪ཷග㠃 ࠾ࡅࡿ VPmax ࡢᖹᆒ್㸦46.14V㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ㟁ᅽࢆ ✚ࡣ 0.545 m2㸪ᐃ᱁ฟຊࡣ 150 W ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᖹᯈ VC ࡋࡓࡁࡢ㟁ὶ್ IVc ࡣ㸪I-V ࣮࢝ࣈࢆ⥺ᙧ⿵㛫ࡋ ᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪PV ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡀ༡ᮾྥࡁタ⨨ഴ ࡚ồࡵࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓ VC ࠾ࡼࡧ IVc ࢆ⏝࠸ ᩳゅ 30r࡛タ⨨ࡉࢀ㸪ཷග㠃✚ࡣ 1.403m2㸪ᐃ᱁ฟຊ ࡚㸪ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊ PVc ࢆィ⟬ࡋ ࡣ 190W ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ I-V ࣮࢝ࣈࢆィ ࡓࠋ ࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲᳨࡛ウ⏝࠸ࡓ㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢹ Fig. 3 㸪ᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡅࡿ⌮ MPPT ไ ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪2005 ᖺ 10 ᭶㹼2009 ᖺ 5 ᭶ឡ▱┴㇏ᶫᕷ࡛ ᚚ࠾ࡼࡧᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊ Pmppt ࠾ ᐇࡋࡓึᮇᆺ㞟ගᘧ PV ࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻヨ ࡼࡧ PVC ࡢ᪥ኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋྠᅗࡽ㸪9 㹼13 ࡢ㛫 㦂࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ୧⪅ࢃࡎᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪 ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶㹼2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶ᒸᒣ┴ὠᒣᕷ ⌮ MPPT ไᚚࡣᖖ᭱㟁ຊⅬࢆ㏣ᚑࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᐃ㟁 ࡛ᐇࡋࡓࣇ࣮ࣝࢻヨ㦂࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅽไᚚ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪥ࡢ᪥✚⟬ Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡣ㸪⌮ MPPT ไᚚࡢሙྜࡣ 1.109 kWh/m2㸪ᐃ 3. ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊ 㟁ᅽไᚚࡢሙྜࡣ 1.032 kWh/m2 㸪ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡢ㐺⏝ Fig.1 㸪ᛌᬕ᪥ࡢ I-V ࣮࢝ࣈࡢࢆ♧ࡍࠋI-V ࣮࢝ࣈ ࡼࡿⓎ㟁㟁ຊࡢᦆኻࡣ 6.93%࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡢ⦪㍈ࡣ▷⤡㟁ὶ࡛つ᱁ࡋࡓࠋ㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1᪥㸧 - 13 - FF 0.5 50 FF (í) Voltage (V) 1.0 100 Vpmax 0 2011/6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 2012/2 0.0 Month/Year Fig.2. FF and VPmax from May, 2011 to Feb., 2012 Fig.4. 㸪2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶㹼2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶࠾ࡅࡿᖹᯈᘧ ࡣ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢቑຍక࠸ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⌮ MPPT ไᚚ࠾ࡼࡧᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡢ᭶ ࡓࠋᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࡣ࡛᭱ 18.9% ✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࢆ♧ࡍࠋྠᅗࡽ㸪୧⪅ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ 㐩ࡋࡓࠋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ᭱ࡶᕪࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ 2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡛㸪ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡼࡿⓎ㟁㔞ࡣ⌮ MPPT ไᚚ 0.25 ࡼࡾ 2.38 kWh/m2 ᑠࡉࡃ㸪Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢᦆኻࡣ 13.8%㐩ࡋ ᨺ㟁ᅽ࠾ࡼࡧ VPmax ࡀపୗࡋ㸪VC ࡀ VPmax ࢆୖᅇࡿࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ ࣒࠾࠸࡚ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚక࠺᭶✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢᦆኻࡀ᭱ ࡶࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪2007 ᖺ 8 ᭶ࡢ 3.7%⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ Pmppt 2 Electricity (kW/m ) ࡓࠋኟᦆኻࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪Ẽ ࡢୖ᪼క࠸㛤 ࡇࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 0.20 0.15 Pvc 0.10 0.05 Fig.5. 㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ࡢ⌮ MPPT ไᚚ࠾ࡅࡿ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ᐃ㟁ᅽ 0.00 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 hour (h) ไᚚక࠺Ⓨ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࠋྠᅗࡽ㸪 㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࡣ㸪᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞 Fig. 3. Pmppt and PVc on Oct. 20, 2011 ࡼࡽࡎ 3%௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ᖹᯈᘧ 20 క࠸ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ2011 ᖺ 7 ᭶ 15 ᪥(᪥✚ ⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞:1.25 kWh/m2)Ⓨ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࡣ࡛᭱ 18.9% 㐩ࡋࡓࠋ 4. ࡲࡵ 㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡼࡾ FF ࡢᑠࡉ࠸ᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡢ㐺⏝ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋ⌮ Voltage constant Idial MPPT 2 Electric generation (kWh/m ) PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻࡣ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢቑຍ 15 10 5 0 MPPT ไᚚࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࢆ 㐺⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊࢆẚ㍑ࡋ㸪ᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡢሙ 5 6 7 8 2011 9 10 11 12 1 2012 2 Month/Year ྜⓎ⏕ࡍࡿⓎ㟁㟁ຊࡢᦆኻࢆィ⟬ࡋࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡢ᭶✚ Fig. 4. Monthly electricity generation of ⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪୧⪅ࡁ࡞ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ ideal MPPT and voltage constant controls ᦆኻࡣ 13.8% ࡿࡢࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ ᕪࡣ࡛᭱ 2.38 kWh/m2㸪 from Oct., 2011 to Feb., 2012 㐩ࡋࡓࠋ㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡼࡧᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ 20 ࣒ࡢ⌮ MPPT ไᚚ࠾ࡅࡿ᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊ ᦆኻࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪㞟ගᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊ ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ᖹᯈᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢⓎ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (1) Loss (㸣) ᦆኻࡣ㸪᪥✚⟬Ⓨ㟁㔞ࡼࡽࡎ 3%௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃ 15 Concentrator PV Flatíplate PV 10 5 ඖ⏣㈗㸪ᱩ┿୍㑻㸪ぢ┠႐㔜㸪Ⲩᮌᘓḟ㸸 ࠕ㞟ග ᘧ PV ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᐃ㟁ᅽไᚚࡼࡿⓎ㟁㟁ຊᦆኻ 0 0 ࡢ᳨ウࠖ㸪ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ㟁ẼᏛ㟁ຊ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㒊 㛛ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸪pp.29-17㸫29-18 㸦2013㸧 0.5 1.5 1 Electricity generation (kWh/m Fig.5. Loss of CPV and FPV - 14 - 2 ) 2 ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢᐃ㟁ὶ≉ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃྍື㒊ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡢᨵⰋ ۑᑠฟᣅᕼ ᱩ┿୍㑻 ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Improvement of a pyrheliometer based on the constant-current characteristic of solar cells without moving parts ۑHiroki KOIDE, Shinichiro OKE Tsuyama National College of Technology 㸬 ࡣࡌࡵ 㸬┤㐩᪥ᑕィᨵⰋᶵࡢタィ ኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࡢⓎ㟁㔞ࡣഴᩳ㠃᪥ᑕᙉᗘࡁࡃᕥ ᖺᗘ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡢ࡞ၥ㢟Ⅼࡣ㸪㐽ග ྑࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ഴᩳ㠃᪥ᑕᙉᗘࢆ▱ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௵ ࣏࣮ࣝࢆ 45 ᗘഴࡅ࡚タ⨨ࡋࡓࡇࡼࡾ㸪࣏࣮ࣝࡢ ពࡢゅᗘ࠾ࡅࡿഴᩳ㠃᪥ᑕᙉᗘࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ ᗋࡢタ⨨㠃ࡀᴃ≧࡞ࡾ㸪ኴ㝧㟁ụࢆ㐽ගࡍࡿᙳ ࡣ㸪┤㐩᪥ᑕᙉᗘࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ┤ ࡢ㠃✚ࡀ୍ᐃ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኴ 㐩᪥ᑕィࡀᥦࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪≉㛤 㝧㟁ụࢆ࣏࣮ࣝࡢᗋࡢタ⨨㠃ྠᵝ㸪ᴃ≧ࡍ 2008̺3040 ྕබሗ(1)ࡸ≉㛤 2008̺14939 ྕබሗ(2)グ ࡿࡇ࡛ゎỴࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࡣ㸪ᴃ≧ࡢ✰ࢆ✵ࡅࡓࣉ ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ┤㐩᪥ᑕィ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡᯈ࡛࣐ࢫ࢟ࣥࢢࡋࡓࠋ࣐ࢫ࢟ࣥࢢ࡛ᯈࡢཌ ࢇࡢ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡣྍື㒊ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࣓ࣥࢸ ࡉࡼࡿᙳࢆసࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ཌࡉ 0.3 mm ࡢࣉࣛࢫࢳ ࢼࣥࢫᛶၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡣ㸪 ࢵࢡᯈࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪㐽ගࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㯮Ⰽ ᛂ⟅㏿ᗘࡀ㐜࠸ࡇࡸ」㞧࡛㧗౯᱁࡞ࡢḞⅬࡀ࠶ ሬࡋࡓࠋFig. 1 ᨵⰋᶵࡢタィᅗࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢḞⅬࢆ⿵࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ᖺᗘࡣ㸪ኴ㝧㟁ụ ヨసᶵࡢእほࢆ Fig. 2 ♧ࡍࠋ ࡢᐃ㟁ὶ≉ᛶࢆ⏝ࡋࡓྍື㒊ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸┤㐩᪥ᑕ ィࡀᥦ(3)ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᖺᗘᥦࡉࢀࡓ┤㐩᪥ᑕィ࠾ࡅࡿ㸪 ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ㓄⨨ࡢ᳨ウ㸪ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ≉ᛶࡢᕪࡢ⿵ṇ㸪 ࠾ࡼࡧ㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻヨ㦂ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㜵Ỉຍᕤࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ྍື㒊ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡢཎ⌮ ┤㐩᪥ᑕࡣ㸪ᆅ⾲㠃฿㐩ࡍࡿ᪥ᑕࡢ࠺ࡕẼ୰ Fig. 1 Plan of the pyrheliometer ࡢ✵ẼศᏊ㸪ỈẼ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝ࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ ᩓ࣭྾ࡉࢀࡎᆅ⾲฿㐩ࡍࡿ᪥ᑕᡂศࡢࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ẽ୰࡛ᩓࡉࢀᅄ᪉ඵ᪉ࡽᆅ⾲฿ 㐩ࡍࡿ᪥ᑕᡂศࢆᩓ᪥ᑕࡼࡧ㸪┤㐩᪥ᑕᩓ᪥ ᑕࢆྜࢃࡏࡓࡶࡢࢆኳ᪥ᑕࡼࡪࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪┤㐩 ᪥ᑕࡀ㐽ࡽࢀ࡚ᙳࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡁ㸪ᙳ࡛࡞࠸㒊ศ ࡣኳ᪥ᑕ(┤㐩᪥ᑕ㸩ᩓ᪥ᑕ)ࡀ㸪ᙳࡢ㒊ศࡣᩓ ᪥ᑕࡀ㝆ࡾࡑࡑ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪 ๓⪅ࡽᚋ⪅ࢆᕪࡋᘬࡃࡇࡼࡾ㸪┤㐩᪥ᑕࢆ㛫᥋ Fig. 2 Improved instrument of a proposed pyrheliometer. ⓗほ ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ᥦ♧ࡍࡿ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢኴ㝧㟁ụ ࢭࣥࢧࡣ㸪ࣔࣝࣇࢫኴ㝧㟁ụ AM-5907CAR ࡽᡂࡿ᪥ᑕィࢆ 2 ⤌⏝ពࡋ㸪୍ࡘࡣࡃᙳࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞ ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᐃ᱁ࡣ 7.7 V/22.3 mA ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ6 ᯛࡢ ࠸ࡼ࠺㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣᖖ୍ᐃࡢ㠃✚ࡢᙳࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ AM-5907CAR ࢆ 2 ୪ิ 3 ┤ิ࡛᥋⥆ࡋࡓࠋ▷⤡㟁ὶࢆ ࡼ࠺㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪 ୖグࡢཎ⌮ᇶ࡙ࡃ┤㐩᪥ ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪200 ȍ ࡢᢠࢆ᥋⥆ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ୧➃ࡢ㟁 ᑕィࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙳࡀࡃ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ኴ㝧㟁 ᅽࢆィ ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ணഛᐇ㦂ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢィ ụࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࡓ᪥ᑕィࢆᙳ↓ࡢィ ჾࡼࡧ㸪ᖖ୍ᐃ ჾࡢ I-V ࣮࢝ࣈࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪ప᪥ᑕ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢື ࡢ㠃✚ࡢᙳࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡼ࠺㓄⨨ࡋࡓ᪥ᑕィࢆᙳ᭷ࡢ సⅬࡣࡰᐃ㟁ὶ㡿ᇦ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋFig. ィ ჾࡼࡪࠋ 3(a)㸪ᖺᗘ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡼࡿ┤㐩᪥ᑕ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟 (2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥) - 15 - ┤㐩᪥ᑕᙉᗘ(W/m ) 1000 ♧ࡍࠋᐇ᪥ࡣ 2013 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 5 ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᗘࡣᙳ ᭷ࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡔࡅࡀ⮬↛పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡀ࠶ ࡿࡀ㸪ᖺᗘࡢ᪥ᑕィ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ≉ᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ ࡢ┤㐩᪥ᑕィ࡛ࡣ㸪ᙳ↓ࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡀᙳ᭷ࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶ 10 500 5 0 14:54 ࡼࡾࡶᖖࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪Fig. 3(b) ࡛ࡣ㏫࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᙳ↓ࡢィ ჾࡼࡾࡶ㸪 ┤㐩᪥ᑕᙉᗘ ᙳ᭷ ᙳ↓ 2 ┤㐩᪥ᑕᙉᗘ(W/m ) Ⰻዲ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀཎᅉ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ≉ ᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᙳ᭷ࡢィ ჾࡽ࣏࣮ࣝࢆ ྲྀࡾእࡍࡇ࡛ᙳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸࡚ィ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ Fig. 4 ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢィ ჾ࠾ࡅࡿ▷⤡㟁ὶࡢ㛵ಀࢆ ♧ࡍࠋi P ࢆ࣏࣮ࣝࢆྲྀࡾእࡋࡓィ ჾࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶ㸪i N ࢆᙳ↓ࡢィ ჾࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡍࡿࠋᐇ᪥ࡣ 2013 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 20 ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋiP i N ࡣẚࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ 500 8 6 4 2 0 13:15 ࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪㏆ఝᘧࢆ⏝࠸࡚ i N ࡽ㸪 i P ࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ௨ୗ㏆ఝᘧࢆ♧ࡍࠋ iP (a) May 13, 2013 1000 ᙳ᭷ࡢィ ჾ࡛⏝ࡋࡓኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ᪉ࡀ㟁ὶ≉ᛶࡀ 0 17:47 t(min) ▷⤡㟁ὶ(mA) ᖺᗘ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡼࡿྠᵝࡢᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ 15 ┤㐩᪥ᑕᙉᗘ ᙳ᭷ ᙳ↓ 2 ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ᐇ᪥ࡣ 2013 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 13 ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Fig. 3(b) ▷⤡㟁ὶ(mA) ᙉᗘࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢィ ჾࡼࡿ▷⤡㟁ὶࡢ㛫ኚ 0 16:00 t(min) (b) Dec 5, 2013 1.4127 i N 0.7802 Fig. 3 Short-circuit current of fully exposed and partly shaded PV Fig. 3(b)࠾ࡅࡿᙳ↓ࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡢ್ࢆୖグࡢ㏆ఝ arrays and direct irradiance measured by a conventional ᘧ௦ධࡋ㸪ᙳࡢᙳ㡪ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖࠸ࡓᙳ᭷ࡢィ ჾࡢ▷ pyrheliometer ࣏࣮ࣝࢆྲྀࡾእࡋࡓィ ჾࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶ(mA) ⤡㟁ὶࢆồࡵࡓࠋࡇࡢ್㸪ྠᅗ࠾ࡅࡿᙳ᭷ࡢ▷⤡ 㟁ὶࡢ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ᨃఝⓗ≉ᛶࡀྠ୍ࡢ ィ ჾ࡛㸪ᙳ᭷ᙳ↓ࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡢᕪࢆồࡵࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁࡿࠋFig. 5 㸪㏆ఝᘧࡼࡾࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⿵ṇࢆࡋࡓ ▷⤡㟁ὶࡢ㛫ኚࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⿵ṇᚋࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡀᙳ᭷ ࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ኴ㝧㟁 ụࡢ≉ᛶࡢᕪࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡣࡰྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡓࠋ ࡲࡵᚋࡢㄢ㢟 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 ᙳ↓ࡢィ ჾࡢ▷⤡㟁ὶ(mA) ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢᐃ㟁ὶ≉ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃྍື㒊ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸ Fig. 4 Short-circuit current of fully exposed and partly shaded PV ┤㐩᪥ᑕィᨵⰋᶵࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋࡓࠋኴ㝧㟁ụࢆ㐽ගࡍࡿᙳ arrays measured by a conventional pyrheliometer. ࡢ㠃✚ࢆᖖࡰ୍ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡓࠋᚋࡣ㸪 8 ▷⤡㟁ὶ(mA) 㛗ᮇ㛫ࡢࣇ࣮ࣝࢻヨ㦂ࡢᐇࡼࡿᨵⰋᶵࡢᐇ⏝ ᛶࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡢไᗘࡢ ᕪࡢẚ㍑ࡸ㜵Ỉຍᕤ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢヨ㦂࡞ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (1) ≉㛤 2008̺3040 ྕබሗ㸸ࢩࣕࢻ࢘ࣂࣥࢻࢆഛ࠼ࡿẼ㇟ほ ⨨ࡼࡿᨵⰋࡉࢀࡓᩓẼ㇟㔞ࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ (2) ≉㛤 2008̺14939 ྕබሗ㸸᪥ᑕィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸪᪥ᑕィ 6 (3) ᱩ┿୍㑻㸪ⱝᯇᖿᗣ㸸 ࠕኴ㝧㟁ụࡢᐃ㟁ὶ≉ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃྍ ᙳ᭷ 4 2 0 13:15 ⏝ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ㏆ఝᘧࡽồࡵࡓᙳ↓ t(min) 16:00 ື㒊ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸┤㐩᪥ᑕィࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ 㸪ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ㟁ẼᏛ Fig. 5 Short-circuit current of fully exposed and partly shaded PV 㟁ຊ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㒊㛛ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸪30-17̺30-18 arrays by a conventional pyrheliometer after the amendment. (2013) - 16 - ࣡ࣖࣞࢫ㟁ຊఏ㏦ࡼࡿ/('Ⅼⅉᅇ㊰ࡢ᳨ウ ۑῦᒣᜨᑑ ᶫⱥ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ LED Lighting Circuit Using Wireless Power Transmission Technology ۑYasutoshi ASAYAMA and Hidenori KAKEHASHI Tsuyama National College of Technology ᮦᩱࡢ EE25 ᙧ≧ࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸㸪1 ḟࢥࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ 2 ḟ ࢥࣝࡣ୧⪅ࡶ Rits Wireȭ 0.1/13㸪ᕳᩘ 110 ࢱ࣮ࣥ ࡛స〇ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬2 ḟᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ㸪☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡢ 2 ḟ㟁ᅽ ࢆࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ D1 㸪D2㸪D3 㸪D4 ࡛Ἴᩚὶࡋ Lm㸪Co ࡛ ᖹࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㈇Ⲵ࡛࠶ࡿ LED ࡢ┤ὶฟຊࢆᚓ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬LED ࡣ LUMILEDS 〇ࡢ LXHLNWE8 ࢆ 4 ಶ┤ ิ᥋⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 㟁Ẽ㟁Ꮚᶵჾࡢࣁ࣮ࢿࢫ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢻ㢮ࡀせ࡞ࡾ┬ ㈨※࣮ࣘࢨ࣮౽ᛶࡢほⅬࡽ࣡ࣖࣞࢫ㟁ຊఏ㏦ ᢏ⾡ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬↷᫂ᶵჾ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㈇Ⲵᅇ㊰ ࡀศ㞳࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㍍㔞ࡸྍᦙᛶඃࢀࡿ࡞ࡢⅬ ࡀ࠶ࡾᵝࠎ࡞⏝㏵ࡢᒎ㛤ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ᅇ㸪LED ග※ࢆ㈇Ⲵࡋ࡚࣡ࣖࣞࢫ㟁ຊఏ㏦ࢆᐃࡋࡓⅬⅉ ᅇ㊰ࢆᥦࡍࡿ㸬ᥦᅇ㊰ࡘ࠸࡚ヨసࢆ⾜࠸ࡑࡢ≉ ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡍࡿ㸬 㸬☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛ ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡣࡁ࡞✵㝽ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᣢࡗࡓ࣮ࣜࢣ࣮ ࢪࢺࣛࣥࢫ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ Fig.2 ࡢࡼ࠺㸪ບ☢ࣥࢲࢡࢱ 㸬ᇶᮏᅇ㊰ᵓᡂ ✵㛫☢᮰ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ศ㞳ࡋࡓ 2 ḟഃ㈇Ⲵᅇ㊰㟁☢ ㄏᑟ࡛㟁ຊࢆఏ㏦ࡍࡿືసཎ⌮࡛㸪㟁☢ࣀࢬࡢᙳ㡪 ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ☢᮰ἼᙧࢆṇᘻἼࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿඹᆺࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢱࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽไᚚࡢᐜ᫆ᛶ ࡽࣁ࣮ࣇࣈࣜࢵࢪᵓᡂࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ㸬Fig.1 ࡣ✵㛫ࢆศ㞳 ࡋఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛ㸪ࡑࡢ㟁※ഃ࡛㥑ືᅇ㊰ ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ 1 ḟᅇ㊰㸪LED ㈇Ⲵࢆྵࡴ 2 ḟᅇ㊰ࡽ࡞ ࡿయᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬Fig.1 ୰㸪㟁※ E ࡣప ᅽ DC 㓄㟁ࢆᐃࡋ࡚┤ὶ 24[V]ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 S1ࠊS2 ࡣ 50㸣ࢹ࣮ࣗࢸ࡛ࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢືసࢆ⾜࠺ࢫ ࢵࢳ⣲Ꮚ㸦MOSFET㸧㸪C1㸪C2 ࡣศᅽࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧ࡛ ࠶ࡿ㸬ࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘࡣ AM ࣛࢪ࢜ᖏᇦࡼࡾࡶ༑ ศప࠸ 20kHz㹼100kHzᖏࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬 ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡣศ㞳ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ㝸࡚࡚ 1 ḟࢥࢥࣝ 2 ḟࢥࢥࣝࢆ✺ࡁྜࢃࡏ࡚㓄⨨ࡋࡓᵓ㐀࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡢࢥࡣ Mn-Znࣇ࢙ࣛࢺ TDK 〇 PC40 ࣥࢫ Lo㸻kL 㸪₃ࢀࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ Lᶊᴾ≠‚1-k)L ࡛グ㏙ ࡉࢀࡿ T ᆺࡢ➼౯ᅇ㊰࡛⾲ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬Fig.3 ࡣヨ సࡋࡓ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡢ⤖ྜಀᩘ k ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ศ㞳ࢠ ࣕࢵࣉ d ࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡘࢀ࡚⤖ྜಀᩘ k ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ ࡾࠊ₃ࢀࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫ Lᶊ ࡀቑࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ศ㞳ࢠࣕࢵࣉ d㸻1[mm]ࡢሙྜࠊ⤖ྜಀᩘ k ࡣ⣙ 0.5 ࡛㸪 d㸻3[mm]ࡢሙྜ࡛ࡣࠊ⤖ྜಀᩘ k ࡣ 0.3 ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 Fig.2 ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡢ➼౯ᅇ㊰ࣔࢹࣝ ศ㞳ࢠࣕࢵࣉ d ࡀࡁ࠸㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ₃ࢀࣥࢲࢡ ࢱࣥࢫ Lᶊ ࡶ↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ≉ᛶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬ ࡰࡍ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ Lo㸪Lᶊ ࡶඹせ⣲ࡢ୍㒊 Fig.1 ᥦᅇ㊰ ࡋ࡚ᢕ࠼㸪Fig.㸯ࡢ L㸪C㸪Cs ࡶඹᅇ㊰ࢆᙧ ᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺タィࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ᅇ㊰ࡢືసࡣ」ᩘ ࡢせ⣲ࡽ࡞ࡿ」ྜඹࡢᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014ᖺ 2᭶ 1᪥㸧 - 17 - Fig.3 ศ㞳ࢠࣕࢵࣉ㛗 d ⤖ྜಀᩘ k Fig.5 ࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ LED ฟຊ 㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ 㸬ࡲࡵ Fig.4ࡣ㸪☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛࡢศ㞳࢟ࣕࢵࣉd㸻1[mm]࠾࠸ ࡚㸪L㸻220[ȝH]㸪C㸻72[nF]㸪Cs 10[nF]ࡋࡓࡁࡢࢫ ࢵࢳࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘ57kHz࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢵࢳS2ࡢࢻࣞࣥ ࢯ࣮ࢫ㟁ᅽVds㸪ࢻࣞࣥ㟁ὶIdἼᙧ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㟁ὶ㐜┦ࣔ ࣮ࢻ࡛ṇᖖࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ࢥࣥࢹࣥࢧCࡢ୧➃㟁ᅽVcࡢἼᙧࡽ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛ ୰ࡢ☢᮰ࡣࡰṇᘻἼ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ศ㞳ࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛඹᆺࢥࣥࣂ࣮ ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ LED Ⅼⅉࡀྍ⬟࡞ᇶᮏᅇ㊰ࢆᥦࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬 (1) ศ㞳ࢠࣕࢵࣉࡢቑక࠸⤖ྜಀᩘࡀపୗࡍࡿࡓ ࡵ㸪₃ࢀࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫࢆඹせ⣲ࡢ୍㒊ࡍࡿ ᅇ㊰タィࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾᥦᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ」ྜඹⓗ࡞ ᣲືࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬 (2) ヨసᶵ࡛ࡣ LED ฟຊ 4[W]࡛㸪ⓑ⇕ⅉ 30[W]┦ᙜࡢ ᫂ࡿࡉࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬 ᮏ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ᚋ☢Ẽ࢝ࣉࣛ࠾ࡼࡧᅇ㊰ࡢ᭱㐺 㧗ฟຊࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ Fig.4 ྛ㒊Ἴᙧ Fig.5 ࡣࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢ࿘Ἴᩘࡢኚ LED ฟຊࡢᐇ ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᩘ㹩Hz ⛬ᗘࡢᑠࡉ࡞࿘Ἴᩘࡢ ኚ࡛ LED ฟຊࡀࡁࡃኚືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡣඹⅬ㏆ഐࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࡛ືసࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪࿘Ἴᩘ 63[kHz]࡛ࡣ㈇Ⲵฟຊ 4[W]ࡀ ᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ LED ㈇Ⲵฟຊࡣⓑ⇕ⅉ 30[W]ࡢ᫂ࡿࡉ┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬 - 18 - 1㸧ཎ⏣⪔ࠊᐑಖࠊ㢳ᩥᘓ㸸ࠕࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢࢥࣥࣂ ࣮ࢱࡢᇶ♏ࠖࠊࢥࣟࢼ♫ࠊ pp.152~153(1992) 2㸧す∾ṇ㑻ࠊୗᕝ༤ᩥ㸸ࠕ⥆ 㟁Ẽᅇ㊰ࡢᇶ♏ࠖࠊ᳃ ฟ ∧ࠊpp.33~35(1995) 3㸧Ⲩ㝯⿱ࠊᑠᯇᗣᘅ㸸ࠕ࢚ࣞࢡࢺࣜࢵࢡ࣐ࢩ࣮ࣥ㸤 ࣃ ࣮࢚࣡ࣞࢡࢺࣟࢽࢡࢫࠖࠊ ᳃ฟ∧ࠊ pp.41~45(2004) 4㸧Ᏻಸ⚽᫂ࠊᆏᮏᾈࠊཎ⏣⪔㸸ࠕ㈇Ⲵ㟁ὶኚᑐ ᛂࡋࡓ㠀᥋ゐ⤥㟁ฟຊ㟁ᅽࡢᏳᐃἲࠖࠊ㟁ẼᏛ ㄽᩥㄅ Dࠊpp.1285~1294(2003) ὠᒣᕷᑡᖺᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈྥࡅࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇సㅮᗙࡢᐇሗ࿌ ۑᑠ㜰⏣㐩ஓ ඵᮌ⚽ᖾ ᮧୖᏳᘯ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ ὠᒣᕷᑡᖺᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈ Report of robot production lecture for Tsuyama boys and girls invention club ۑTatsuya OSAKADA Hideyuki YAGI Yasuhiro MURAKAMI Tsuyama National College of Technology Tsuyama boys and girls invention club ࡣࡌࡵ ౪ࡓࡕศ࡞ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇సྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪 ⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏࡣⱝᖺ⪅ࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾ㞳ࢀࡸ ࣈࣟࢵࢡࢭࢵࢺࡢᣢࡕᖐࡾࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋཧຍ⏕ ᢏ⬟㞳ࢀ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⌮⣔㞳ࢀࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ୍ᅉࡣ ᚐࡣྛᐙᗞ࡛⮬ศ࡛ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ⮬⏤స〇ࡋ㸪ㅮᗙ࡛⿵ ᗂᑡᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡢ࡙ࡃࡾࡢయ㦂ஈࡋ࠸ࡇ㸪ࡶࡢ࡙ ຓဨࡓࡕࡢࢻࣂࢫࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᨵၿࢆ ࡃࡾࡢ⌧ሙࢆぢࡿࡇࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢࡓࡵᢏ ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋཧຍᩘ 22 ྡ୰ 18 ྡࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀࣈࣟࢵࢡࢭ ⬟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡀప࠸ࡇ࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ≧ἣ ࢵࢺࢆᣢࡕᖐࡗࡓࠋ ࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ὠᒣ㧗ᑓ࡛ࡣከࡃࡢබ㛤ㅮᗙࡀ㛤ദࡉ ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࡣ⟽ࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚ࡑࡇࣆ࣏ࣥࣥ⋢ࢆᢞࡆ ධࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ㣕㊥㞳ࢆ➇࠺ࡶࡢࡋࡓࠋᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀࡼࡾⰋ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺ㸪ὠᒣᑡᖺᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈࢆᑐ㇟㸪ᩍ⫱∧ࣞࢦ ࠸グ㘓ࢆṧࡑ࠺ດຊࡍࡿࡼ࠺ఱᅇࡶࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡋ ®Mindstrom NXT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇సㅮᗙࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡚ࡼ࠸᪉ἲࢆࡗࡓࠋࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࡢᴫ␎ᅗࢆ Fig1.♧ ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢㅮᗙࡢᐇ≧ἣࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡋ㸪ࣥ ࡍࠋ ࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆືࡍࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ‽ഛࡋ࡚ ᑡᖺᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈࡘ࠸࡚ ࠾ࡁ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡽࡢᕼᮃࡢືస࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ಶࠎㄪᩚ ᑡᖺᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈࡣⓎ᫂༠❧ 70 ࿘ᖺࡢグᛕ ࢆ⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᴗࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚㸪1974 ᖺࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇స୰ࡢᵝᏊࢆ Fig2.㸪ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࡢᵝᏊ ⌧ᅾࠊᅜ㒔㐨ᗓ┴ 207 ᡤ㸪⣙ 8500 ྡࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕ ࢆ Fig3.㸪ඃ⚽࡞ᡂ⦼ࢆᚓࡓࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆ Fig4.ࡑࢀࡒ ⣙ 2300 ྡࡢᣦᑟဨࡀάືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈ࡛ࡣ ࢀ♧ࡍࠋTable2.ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ1 ࡢࣟ࣎ ⮬ศࡢពᛮ࡛㞟ࡲࡗࡓᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡢࡓࡵࡢㄢእάືࡢሙ ࢵࢺࡣ 2m ࢆ㉺࠼ࡿ㠀ᖖඃ⚽࡞⤖ᯝࢆṧࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ពḧࢆᣢࡗࡓᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀࡢࡧࡢࡧ⮬⏤Ⓨ ࡋ㸪యⓗᏛࡧ࡞ࡀࡽᴦࡋࢇ࡛άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Table1. The schedule of the class 10 ᭶ 12 ᪥ ὠᒣ㧗ᑓ࡛ࡣ㸪ὠᒣᕷᑡᖺᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢱ 10 ᭶ 19 ᪥ 11 ᭶ 9 ᪥ 12 ᭶ 14 ᪥ 12 ᭶ 21 ᪥ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇స ࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ ࣮ࡋ࡚ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ㅮᗙࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇సㅮᗙࡢᴫせ ᮏㅮᗙ࡛ࡣ㸪Mindstrom NXT ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࣟ࣎ ࢵࢺࢆస〇ࡋࡓࠋࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡣ㛗ᮇ㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚స〇ࡍࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪࠾ᡭᮏ࡞ࡿタィᅗࡣ⏝ពࡏࡎ⮬⏤స〇ࡋ࡚ࡶ ࡽ࠺ࡇࡋࡓࠋ ᮏㅮᗙࡣ Table1.⾲ࢃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ 5 ᪥㛫㸦1 ᪥ 2 Fig1.The schematic figure of the robot contest 㛫㸧ࡢ⥲㛫 10 㛫㸪⿵ຓဨࡣ 9 ྡ࡛⾜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᏊ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 19 - ࡇࡢㅮᗙࡣࡸࡉࡋࡗࡓ࡛ࡍ㸽 ࡴࡎࡋࡗࡓ࡛ࡍ㸽 1 6 Fig2.The photograph about making a robot 12 ࡸࡉࡋࡗࡓ ࡩࡘ࠺ ࡴࡎࡋࡗࡓ ࡇࡢㅮᗙࢆ࠺ࡅ࡚ࡼࡗࡓᛮ࠸ࡲࡋ ࡓ㸽 5 0 0 8 Fig3.The photograph of the robot contest 6 ࡚ࡶࡼࡗࡓ ࡩࡘ࠺ ࡼࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸ࡼࡗࡓ ࠶ࡲࡾࡼࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ Fig5.The results of the questionnaire ࡲࡵ Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕ /(*2 ࣈࣟࢵࢡࢆᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ Fig4.The photograph of a robot with the excellent result ࡇࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ Table2.The record of the robot contest Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡢホ౯ࡶⰋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ 1 230cm ㅮᗙࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋၥ㢟Ⅼࡋ࡚ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇 2 180cm సࡀᑡࡋ㞴ࡋࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪᮶ᖺᗘࡢࣟ࣎ࢵࢺ〇సㅮᗙ࡛ 3 160cm ࡣࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿ㒊ศࡢస〇ᡭ㡰ࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ ࡋ࡚⏝ពࡍࡿ࡞ࡢᨵၿࢆࡋ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡢᣮᡓពḧࢆ ࡁࡓ࡚ࡿㅮᗙࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ ㅰ㎡ ㅮᗙᚋᏊ౪ࡓࡕࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⟅࠼࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࠋࡑ ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢࢆ Fig5.♧ࡍࠋࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ ᮏㅮᗙࢆ㛤ദࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾ᪥ᮏᩥල㈈ᅋὠᒣᑡᖺ ࡼࡾᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡣᑡࡋ㞴ࡋ࠸ㅮᗙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ᑡዪⓎ᫂ࢡࣛࣈࡢ᪉ࡽࡈᨭ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇ῝ࡃ ࡇࢀࡣ㸪タィᅗࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ᭱ึࡽ⮬ศ࡛⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢసࡾጞࡵ㛫ࡀࡗࡓࡇ ࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᨵၿ⟇ࡋ࡚ḟᅇࡽࡣ 1) Ᏻಙ㝧ᖹ㸪ᑠ᳃ᗈᖹ㸪ඵᮌ⚽ᖾ 㸪ࠕಽ❧㍯㌴୧ ࡇࡕࡽ࡛ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢタィᅗࢆ‽ഛࡋ㸪 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ྥࡅබ㛤ㅮᗙࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸪ィ ⮬ືไ Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡣࡑࢀࢆ〇స㸪ᨵၿࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࠸࠺ᙧࡢㅮ ᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟 ᗙࡋࡼ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (2011,2) - 20 - 6)4 ᅇ㊰ࡢ㸰ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ᵓᡂἲ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ ۑᨻᏳಇ♸ Ἑྜ㞞ᘯ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ A Note on the construction method of logic circuit using two thresholds of SFQ circuits ○ShunsukeMASAYASU and MasahiroKAWAI Tsuyama National College of Technology 㸯㸬⥴ゝ ࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ධຊࡣ㸪B1 ഃ᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡓ I1㹼In ༙ᑟయ⣲Ꮚࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㞟✚ᅇ㊰ࡣ┠ぬࡲࡋ࠸Ⓨᒎࢆ㐙 ࡆ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ᾘ㈝㟁ຊࡸⓎ⇕ࡢቑ㸪ᅇ㊰㓄⥺ࡢ」㞧 ࡞ࡢせᅉࡼࡗ࡚㝈⏺ࡀぢ࠼ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ༙ᑟ య⣲Ꮚ௦ࢃࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞㧗㏿ㄽ⌮⣲Ꮚࡋ࡚㉸ఏᑟ⣲Ꮚ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ༢୍☢᮰㔞Ꮚ㸦SFQ㸧ᅇ㊰ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 SFQ ᅇ㊰ࡣ㸪㉸ఏᑟ࣮ࣝࣉෆࢪࣙࢭࣇࢯࣥ᥋ྜࢆ 2 ࡘᣢࡘ㉸ఏᑟ㔞Ꮚᖸ΅ࢹࣂࢫ㸦SQUID㸧ࡤࢀࡿ ᅇ㊰せ⣲࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬SFQ ᅇ㊰ࡣ SQUID ࡢ㉸ఏ ᑟ࣮ࣝࣉෆ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ☢᮰㔞Ꮚࡢ᭷↓ࢆሗࡢ 0㸪1 ᑐᛂࡉࡏ㸪ධຊࡼࡾ☢᮰㔞Ꮚࢆ⏕ᡂ࣭ᾘ⁛ࡉࡏ࡚₇ ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ᅇ㊰࡛࠶ࡾ㸪10-12 ⛊ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㉸㧗㏿ࢫࢵࢳࣥ ࢢ≉ᛶ 10-6㹕௨ୗࡢపᾘ㈝㟁ຊ≉ᛶࢆ࠶ࢃࡏᣢࡘ 1)㸬 ᅇ㊰せ⣲ࡢ SQUID ࡣṇ㈇ 2 ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪 ㏻ᖖࡣࡕࡽ 1 ࡘࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࢫࢵࢳࣥࢢືసࢆ⾜ ࠺ࡀ㸪ṇ㈇ 2 ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ 1 ࡘࡢᇶᮏᅇ㊰ ࡛⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿㄽ⌮㛵ᩘࡢ✀㢮ࡀቑ࠼㸪⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ᅇ㊰ᵓ ᡂᚲせ࡞⣲Ꮚᩘࢆపῶ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㟁ὶὀධᆺ SFQ ᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂἲᨵၿⅬࢆ㏙ࡿ㸬 ࢆṇࡢධຊ㸪B2 ഃ᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡓ I’1㹼I’n ࢆ㈇ࡢධຊࡋ㸪 㸰㸬㸰ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ㹑㹄㹏ᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂἲ SFQ ᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࡛࠶ࡿ SQUID ࡣ㸰ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ ࡕࡽ୍᪉ࡀ್ࢆᣢࡘ᪉ࡣ 0 ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ wiI0 ࡛⾲ࡍ㸬I0 ࡣ B1 ࠾ࡼࡧ B2 ࡢ⮫⏺㟁ὶ್㸪wi ࡣྛධຊࡈ ࡢಀᩘࢆ⾲ࡋ㸪ṇ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㈇ࡢᐇᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬B1 ࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ ࢆ It㸪B2 ࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ-It ࡍࡿȊIi=ȊwiI0>It ࡢࡁࡣ B1 ࡀ㸪ȊI’i=Ȋw’iI0<-It ࡢࡁࡣ B2 ࡀࢫࢵࢳࡋ SQUID ࡢ㉸ఏᑟ㛢࣮ࣝࣉෆ☢᮰ࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬ྠ࿘ᅇ㟁ὶ Icir ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ㸬 Fig.㸯(b)ࡣ SQUID ࡢࡋࡁ࠸್≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 IB Ic(ධ ຊࡢ⥲)ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡁࡉࡀ⅊Ⰽࡢ㡿ᇦෆ㸦ࡋࡁ࠸್ࡼࡾ ᑠ㸧࡞ࡽࡤ㉸ఏᑟ≧ែࢆ⥔ᣢࡋ㸪㡿ᇦእ㸦ࡋࡁ࠸್௨ୖ㸧 ࡞ࡽࡤࢪࣙࢭࣇࢯࣥ᥋ྜࡣ㟁ᅽ≧ែࢫࢵࢳࡍࡿ㸬 Fig.1(b)♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࡋࡁ࠸್ࡣ It -It ࡢ㸰ࡘࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪 ṇ㈇㸰ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆᣢࡘ㸬 㸰ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࡼࡾ㸪␗࡞ࡿྥࡁࡢ☢᮰㔞Ꮚࡀ⏕ᡂࡉ ࢀࡿࡢ࡛ SFQ ᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ☢᮰㔞Ꮚࡢ᭷↓ຍ࠼㸪☢᮰㔞Ꮚ ࡢྥࡁࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪0㸪1㸪-1 ࡢ 3 ≧ែࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ₇⟬ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬2 ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪௨ୗ ࡢ᮲௳ᘧ(1)㸪(2)ࢆ‶ࡓࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 n D1 ( f ) {a1 an :|| wn 1 I 0 ¦ w j I 0 a j |! I t , (a1 an ) Vn } (1) j 1 ࢆᣢࡕࠊྥࡁࡢ␗࡞ࡿ☢᮰㔞Ꮚࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ. D0 ( f ) {a1 SQUID ࡢᅇ㊰ࡋࡁ࠸್≉ᛶࢆ Fig.㸯(a)㸪(b)♧ࡍ㸬 n an :|| wn 1 I 0 ¦ w j I 0 a j | I t , (a1 an ) Vn } (2) j 1 D1(f)ࡣ n ኚᩘ a1~an ࡼࡾฟຊࡀ㸯࡞ࡿㄽ⌮ኚᩘࡢ⤌ ࡢ㞟ྜࢆ⾲ࡋ㸪D0(f)ࡣ n ኚᩘ a1~an ࡼࡾฟຊࡀ 0 ࡞ࡿ ㄽ⌮ኚᩘࡢ⤌ࡢ㞟ྜࢆ⾲ࡍ 2)㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ wi ࡣṇ࠾ࡼࡧ㈇ࡢྛ ධຊᑐࡍࡿ㔜ࡳࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⤯ᑐ್ࡢ୰㌟ࡣධຊಙྕ ࡢ⥲ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡘࡲࡾࡇࡢ᮲௳ᘧࡣධຊࡢ⥲ࡢ⤯ ᑐ್ࡀࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆୖᅇࡿฟຊࡀ㸯㸪ୗᅇࡿฟຊࡀ 0 ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ 2 ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ SFQ ᅇ㊰ࡘ࠸࡚☢ 㸦a㸧schematic diagram (b) Threshold characteristics Fig.㸯 SQUID Ẽ⤖ྜᆺ㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢ୧᪉࡛㸪2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮㛵ᩘࡢᵓᡂࢆ ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬☢Ẽ⤖ྜᆺ࡛ࡣ࡚ࡢ 2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮㛵ᩘࢆ 1 ࡘࡢ ᇶᮏᅇ㊰࡛ᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㟁ὶὀධ Fig.㸯(a)ࡢᅇ㊰࠾࠸࡚ IB ࡣࣂࢫ㟁ὶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢪ ࣙࢭࣇࢯࣥ᥋ྜ B1 㸪B2 ࡀࢫࢵࢳࡋ࡞࠸⛬ᗘࡢࡁࡉ࡛ ຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬L1㸪L2 ࡣ SQUID ࡢ㉸ఏᑟ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ➼౯ ᆺ࡛ࡣ 2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮㛵ᩘ 10 ✀㢮ࡢෆ㸪XNOR ࢆྵࡴ 3 ✀㢮 ࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ᇶᮏᅇ㊰ NOT ᅇ㊰ࡢ㏣ຍࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓ 2)㸬Fig.2 2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢᇶᮏᅇ ̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿̿ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟(2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥) - 21 - ฟຊ 1 ࡞ࡿࡢࡣ(0,0)(1,1)ࡢࡁࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ ㊰࡛࠶ࡿ type1㹼type4 ࡢᅇ㊰ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 XNOR ࡀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬f11㸪f13 ࡢㄽ⌮㛵ᩘᑐࡋ࡚ ࡶྠᵝࡢᵓᡂἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬 㸦㸰㸧㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢຍᅇ㊰ࡼࡿᵓᡂἲ ☢Ẽ⤖ྜࡣ㉸ఏᑟ⥺ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚㓄⥺ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㐺⏝ᩘࡀ ቑ࠼ࡿ㓄⥺㠃✚ࡢቑຍࡸ⤖ྜಀᩘࡢపୗ࠸ࡗࡓၥ 㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ㸪」ᩘࡢ☢Ẽ⤖ྜࡣ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ⣲ Ꮚᩘࡢቑຍࡀᑡ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢࡳ࡛ࡢᵓᡂࡀᮃ ࡲࡋ࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ධຊಙྕࡢ┦ẅࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿ㟁ὶὀධᆺ ࡢຍᅇ㊰ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᳨ウࡋࡓ XNOR ᅇ㊰ࡢࢆ Fig.4 ♧ࡍ㸬 ☢Ẽ⤖ྜࢆᑟධࡋࡓሙྜẚ㸪2 ࡘࡢࢪࣙࢭࣇࢯࣥ ᥋ྜࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ㸬 Fig.4 ࡢᅇ㊰࡛ࡣධຊࡀ Iconst ࡢࡳࡢ Fig.2 construction of 2 threshold logic circuits by SFQ ሙྜ B6 ࡀࢫࢵࢳࡋ,⏕ࡌࡓ࿘ᅇ㟁ὶࡼࡾ B2 ࢆࢫ ࢵࢳࡉࡏࡿ㸬Iconst I1 ࡀධຊࡉࢀࡿྥࡁࡢ␗࡞ࡿ☢᮰ type1㹼type4 ࡣධຊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣฟຊࡢ᥋⥆ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡀᇶ ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡓࡵ☢᮰ࡀ┦ẅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢືసࡼࡾ☢ ᮏᵓ㐀ࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬Table 1 NOT ᅇ㊰ࡢ㏣ຍࡀᚲせ Ẽ⤖ྜࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ XNOR ྠᵝ I1 ࡛ Iconst ࡢไᚚࢆ⾜࠺㸬 ࡞ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ 2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮㛵ᩘࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ⌮ㄽୖࡣྍ⬟ࡔࡀධฟຊࡢศ㞳ࡀ࡛࠶ࡾࢩ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࡣせ࡞ࣃࣝࢫࡀከࡃ㸪ධฟຊಙྕࡢ ศ㞳ࢆ⾜࠺ᵓ㐀ࡢ㏣ຍࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 Table 1 2 variable logic functions need additional NOT 㼄㻝 㻜 㻜 㻝 㻝 ධຊ 㼄㻞 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻝 ᇶᮏᅇ㊰ ฟຊ 㼒㻥 㼒 㻝㻝 㼒 㻝㻟 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻝 㻜 㻝 㻝 㻝 㼠㼥㼜㼑㻟 㼠㼥㼜㼑㻞 㼠㼥㼜㼑㻞 䠇 䠇 䠇 㻺㻻㼀 㻺㻻㼀 㻺㻻㼀 㸱㸬㹑㹄㹏ᅇ㊰ࡢᨵၿ᪉ἲ Fig.4 XNOR circuit with an additional circuit of current NOT ᅇ㊰ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓ injection ࡵ,୍㒊☢Ẽ⤖ྜࢆᑟධࡍࡿ᪉ἲ㸪㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢຍ 㸲㸬⤖ゝ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢࡋࡁ࠸್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㟁ὶὀධᆺ SFQ ᅇ㊰ࡼࡿ᪉ἲࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 㸦㸯㸧ධຊࡢ୍㒊☢Ẽ⤖ྜࢆᑟධࡍࡿᵓᡂἲ 㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢධຊࡢ୍㒊☢Ẽ⤖ྜࢆᑟධࡍࡿᵓᡂ ᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ NOT ᅇ㊰ࡢ㏣ຍࡀᚲせ࡞ 3 ✀㢮 ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᵓᡂࡋࡓ f9 ࡢ XNOR ࡢ 2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮㛵ᩘࡘ࠸࡚ᨵၿ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬ධຊࡢ ᅇ㊰ࢆ Fig.3 ♧ࡍ㸬 ୍㒊☢Ẽ⤖ྜࢆᑟධࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣධຊࡢ 1 ⟠ᡤࡢࡳ ☢Ẽ⤖ྜࢆᑟධࡋ㸪ධຊಙྕࢆ┦ẅ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ ࡛ᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ 2 ኚᩘㄽ⌮㛵ᩘ࠾࠸࡚ NOT ᅇ㊰ࢆせࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㟁ὶὀධᆺࡢຍ ᅇ㊰ࢆタࡅࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢࢪࣙࢭࣇࢯࣥ᥋ྜࢆྵࡴ ຍᅇ㊰ࢆධຊ㒊ศタࡅࡿࡇ࡛ධຊಙྕࡢ┦ẅࢆ ྍ⬟ࡋࡓࡀ㸪᪂ࡓධฟຊศ㞳ࡢၥ㢟ࠊせ࡞ࣃࣝࢫ ࡢⓎ⏕࠸ࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪᭦࡞ࡿᨵၿࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 Fig.3 XNOR circuit for adding the magnetic coupling ᩥ ⊩ Fig.3 ࡢᅇ㊰࡛ࡣ㸪L1 L4 ࡀ☢Ẽ⤖ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪I1 1) ࡀධຊࡉࢀࡿ┦ࣥࢲࢡࢱࣥࢫࡼࡾ L1 Iconst 2) ㏫ྥࡁࡢ㟁ὶࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ධຊಙྕࡀ┦ẅࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ - 22 - ▼⏣ᬗࠊᰗᕝᩥᙪࠊྜྷΎኵ㸪㉸ఏᑟ㞟✚ᅇ㊰ࠊ㟁Ꮚ㏻ ಙᏛ(ࢥࣟࢼ♫)(1983)㸪pp29-52㸬 Ἑྜ㞞ᘯࠊ2 ࡋࡁ࠸್ᆺࡼࡿ㉸ఏᑟㄽ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡢᵓᡂἲ ᖹᡂ 16 ᖺᗘ㹼ᖹᡂ 17 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠◊✲ᡂᯝሗ ࿌᭩(2007),pp1-27 ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥ࠾ࡅࡿㄆドࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ᳨ウ ۑᒸᮏ┿ᕼ⏨ ᑎඖ㈗ᖾ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Examination of Authentication System with Single Sign-On ۑMakio OKAMOTO* and Takayuki TERAMOTO* *Tsuyama National College of Technology ࣮ࢡࢆཧ⪃ࡋ࡚ㄆドࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡣࡌࡵ ㏻ಙࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿㄪᰝࡍࡿ ㏆ᖺ ㄆドࢆᚲせࡍࡿ :HE ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡣቑຍࡢ୍ ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥ ㏵ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ Ꮫ⾡ᶵ㛵ࡸᴗ࡞ࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿᏛ⾡ H ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࡸ㟁Ꮚࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡞ࡢ ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥࡣ ࣮ࣘࢨࡀ୍ᗘࡔࡅࡢㄆド ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡣ ࣮ࣘࢨࡀṇつࡢ࣮ࣘࢨ࡛ ࡛」ᩘࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡࡛࠶ࡿ)LJ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆド᫂ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ࣮ࣘࢨᮏே࡛ ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ ྛࢧ ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ㟁Ꮚⓗ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡣ࣮ࣘࢨ ,' ࡸࣃࢫ ࣮ࣅࢫศᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄆドᇶ┙ࢆษࡾฟࡋ࡚ ࡘࡢ ࣮࣡ ࢻ ࡞ ࡢ 㟁 Ꮚࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡼࡗ ࡚ ㄆ ドࡀ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀࡿ ㄆドᇶ┙㞟⣙ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࡋ ୍ᴟ㞟୰ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡈ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ 」ᩘࡢ ᆺࡢㄆドࢧ࣮ࣂ࡛ࡣሗ₃ὤࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢺࣛࣈࣝ࡞ ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ࣮ࣘࢨࡗ࡚࢝࢘ࣥࢺ⟶⌮ ࡢࣜࢫࢡࡀ㞟୰ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸⌮ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ࡸࣟࢢࣥᡭ㡰ࡀ↹㞧࡞ࡾ )LJ ࡢࡼ࠺࣮ࣘ ⌧ᅾ ከࡃࡢᅜ❧Ꮫࡸ㧗➼ᑓ㛛ᏛᰯࡣᏛ⾡ㄆド ࢨࡣ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡢㄆドࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࡇ࡞ࡿ ࡲࡓ ࣇ࢙ࢹ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸦௨ୗ Ꮫㄆ㸧࠸࠺㐃ྜཧຍ ࢝࢘ࣥࢺ⟶⌮⪅ࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒⟶⌮⪅ഃࡶ࢝࢘ࣥࢺ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ Ꮫㄆࡣ Shibboleth ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧ ࡢศᩓࡣ ㄆドࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢኚ᭦ࡸ࣮ࣘࢨࡢᒓᛶኚ᭦ ࣥ࢜ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ. Shibboleth ࡣᏛ⾡ᶵ㛵ศᩓ ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡢసᴗ㔞ࡀቑ࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄆドᇶ┙ࢆ㐃ᦠࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚࣮ࣘࢨ 」ᩘࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ ࡘࡢ ,'ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻ࡛ࣟࢢ ࡢㄆドࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡛ࣥࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㏆ᖺ᪥ᮏ࡛άⓎ᥎ࡋ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀᏛ⾡ㄆドࣇ࢙ࢹ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ Fig.2 Single Sign-On Shibboleth ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥ Fig.1 Normal login ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓㄆド Shibboleth ࡛ ࡣ ࣘ ࣮ ࢨ ࡢ ㄆ ド ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ IdP 㸦 ID ࡘ࠸࡚ ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸୖࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࡸಶேሗࡢྲྀࡾ Provider㸧, ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ SP㸦 Service Provider㸧, ᢅ࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ IdP ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿ DS㸦Discovery Service㸧ࡀ㐃 ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ࡛ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢿࢵࢺ࣡ ᦠࡋ࡚ࢩࣥࢢࣝࢧࣥ࢜ࣥࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ. Fig.3 ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 23 - ㄆドࡢὶࢀࢆ♧ࡍ. ㄆド⎔ቃࡢᵓ⠏ ⌧ᅾ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓᡂ ᅗ ࢆ ࡶ ㄆ ド ⎔ ቃ ࢆ ᵓ ⠏ ୰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Table.1 Table.2 ᵓ⠏୰ ࡢ⎔ቃࢆ♧ ࡍ ࡲࡓㄆドࢫࢵ ࢳ ࡋ࡚ Hitachi Cable Apresia1320-52GT ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ. ㄆドࢫࢵࢳ࡛⾜࠺ㄆド᪉ᘧࡣ Web ㄆドࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ. Table.1 Server environment Fig.3 Flow of authentication OS CentOS 6.4 x86_64 CPU Intel Core 2 Duo E7500 ࣓ࣔࣜ 2GB HDD 160GB 㸦㸯㸧࣮ࣘࢨࡀ SP ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ. 㸦㸰㸧ࢩ࣎ࣞࢫࣟࢢࣥ࡞ࡢࣟࢢࣥ࣎ࢱࣥࢆࢡ Table.2 List of servers to use ࣜࢵࢡࡍࡿᡤᒓᶵ㛵ࡢ IdP ࣜࢲࣞࢡࢺࡉࢀࡿ. ࢧ࣮ࣂ ࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥ 㸦2 ᅇ┠௨㝆㸧 DHCP ࢧ࣮ࣂ㸦ISC DHCP㸧 4.1.1 㸦㸱㸧㸦㸰㸧ࡢⅬ࡛ SP ࡣ࣮ࣘࢨࡢᡤᒓࡀศࡽ࡞ DNS ࢧ࣮ࣂ㸦BIND㸧 9.8.2 ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊDS ࣜࢲࣞࢡࢺࡉࢀࡿ. RADIUS ࢧ࣮ࣂ㸦FreeRADIUS㸧 2.1.12 LDAP ࢧ࣮ࣂ㸦OpenLDAP㸧 2.4.23 㸦㸲㸧DS ࡢ୍ぴࡽ⮬ศࡢᡤᒓᶵ㛵ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ. 㸦㸳㸧ᡤᒓᶵ㛵ࡢ IdP ID ࣃࢫ࣮࣡ࢻࢆධຊࡍࡿ. 㸦㸴㸧IdP ࡽ SP ㄆドࡀࡉࢀࡓࡇࡀ㏻▱ࡉ ࠾ࢃࡾ ࢀࡿ. 㸦㸵㸧࣮ࣘࢨࡣ SP ࡢࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ. ㄆドࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᵓ⠏࡛ࡁḟ➨ ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸୖࡢ ၥ㢟ࡸᒓᛶ⏝ࡢほⅬࡽ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ ࢭ࢟ࣗࣜࢸ ᒓᛶሗ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ ㏻ಙ㊰ࢆὶࢀࡿࣃࢣࢵࢺࢆゎᯒࡋၥ 㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ㄪᰝࡍࡿᒓᛶ⏝㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣIT ヲ IdP ࡣ SP ࡽせồࡉࢀࡓ࣮ࣘࢨࡢᒓᛶሗࢆ㏦ಙ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ . ㏦ಙࡉࢀࡿᒓᛶࡢ࡞ࡣಶ ேࢆ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ . Ꮫㄆཧຍ௨๓ ࡋࡃ࡞࠸࣮ࣘࢨࡀ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࢆᐃࡋ࡚ᒓᛶሗ ࢆ㏦ಙࡍࡿ༴㝤ᛶࡸᚲせᛶࢆศࡾࡸࡍࡃ ఏ㐩ࡍࡿ ⤌ࡳࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ. 㞟ࡋࡓಶேሗࡣ┠ⓗእ⏝࡞ࡿࡓࡵᮏேࡢ ྠពࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ . ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே➼ࡢಖ᭷ࡍࡿಶே ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ሗࡢಖㆤ㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊ㸦ᖹᡂ 15 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 30 ᪥ἲᚊ ➨ 59 ྕ㸧ࡼࡾࠊ⏝┠ⓗ௨እࡢ┠ⓗ࡛ࡢಖ᭷ಶே ሗࡢᥦ౪ࡣࠊᮏேࡢྠពࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ 2) ࠋ Ꮫ⾡ㄆドࣇ࢙ࢹ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㸦*DNX1LQ㸧㸸 KWWSVZZZJDNXQLQMS㸦㸧 IdP ࡣ࣮ࣘࢨࡢᒓᛶሗࡢ㏦ฟࡘ࠸࡚࣮ࣘࢨ ᢎㄆࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ uApprove.jp ࠸࠺࣮ࣘࢨྠពྲྀᚓࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ࠶ࡿ . ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ ࠺࣮ࣘࢨࡢุ᩿࡛ᒓᛶࡢྍྰࢆỴࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿࡀ, SP ࡀせồࡍࡿᚲ㡲ࡢᒓᛶࡘ࠸࡚㏦ಙࡢᢚไ ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ, ㏦ಙࢆ୰Ṇࡍࡿሙྜࡣ SP ࡢ ࢡࢭࢫࡶ୰Ṇ࡞ࡿ. - 24 - ⊂ ❧ ⾜ᨻ ἲே ➼ ࡢಖ ᭷ ࡍࡿ ಶே ሗࡢ ಖㆤ 㛵 ࡍࡿἲᚊ㸸 KWWSODZHJRYJRMSKWPOGDWD+++2KWPO㸦㸧 ᒸᮏ┿ᕼ⏨6KLEEROHWK ㄆドࡼࡿᏛ⾡ㄆドࣇ࢙ ࢹ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ◊✲ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ༞ᴗ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ ཷὀຍᕤᕤ⛬⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢゎᯒᨵⰋ ⏣⛅ۑᾈᏕ ᑎඖ㈗ᖾ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Analysis and improvement of the order processing control system żHirotaka AKITA * and Takayuki TERAMOTO * * *Tsuyama National College of Technology ᅇ ࡢ ᴗ ࡽ ࡢ ල య ⓗ ࡞ せ ᮃ ࡣ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ศ ᯒ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ྍ ど ࣥ ࢱ ࣇ ࢙ ࣮ ࢫ ࡢ ౽ ᛶ ࡢ ྥ ୖ ㏆ᖺᴗࡢ,7ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾ୍⯡ᴗࡢ୰࡛,7 ࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࢁࡣࡰ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡶ ᳨⣴ᶵ⬟ࡢᙉ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡕ ࢁ ࢇ ,7 ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡿ ᴗ ࡢ ࣓ ࣜ ࢵ ࢺ 㸱㸬ඖゎᯒ ࡣ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ ㏫ ၥ 㢟 ࡶ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡑ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ୰ ࡢ୍ࡘᑟධᚋࡢಖᏲ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ ᴗࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ๓⮬ศࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ ࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡢၥ㢟┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᴗࡽ ྠࡌᙧ࡛ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅࡓᴗࡣࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫຍᕤᴗ ඖࢆ⾜ࡗࡓඖࡣSQL Server ࡢࣂࢵࢡࢵ ࢆ⾜࠺♫࡛࠶ࡾ୰࡛ࡶಶูࡢཷὀ⏕⏘ຊࢆ࠸ ࣉࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉࡣ≉ᐃࡢࢹ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵᅗ㠃ࡸཷὀ ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫෆࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡍ࡚ྵࢇࡔࣂࢵࢡࢵࣉ ࡢࣜࢫࢺࡀ㔞࡞ࡾࡑࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⤫ྜ⦅ ࢆࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢࡍ࡚ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ୰ࡣࢹ 㞟ࡍࡿࢯࣇࢺࡀᚲせ࡞ࡗࡓࡑࡇ࡛༑ᩘᖺ๓ᮏ ࣮ࢱࢆඖࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞ࣟࢢࢆྵࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࡇ ᰯࡢᑓᨷ⛉⏕ࡀ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅཷὀຍᕤᕤ⛬⟶⌮ࢩࢫ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡗ࡚◊✲⏝ࡢࣃࢯࢥࣥ᪤Ꮡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ไసࡋࡓ ࢆඖࡋࡓ ᴗ ࡣ ࡇ ࡢ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࢆ ࠸ ࡲ ࡲ ࡛ 㐠 ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࡀ ゎᯒࡣฎ⌮ࡢὶࢀࢆ Access VBA ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ ᨵⰋࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺せᮃࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ ㏣࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢせᡤせᡤ ࡣཷὀຍᕤᕤ⛬⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᨵⰋࢆ┠ᶆࡍࡿ ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺᩥ࡛ෆᐜࢆ᭩ࡁグࡍࡼࡗ࡚ேࡀぢ ࡚ࡶ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘὶࢀࡀࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࡋᘬࡁ⥅ࡂࡸ➨ ୕ ⪅ ࡼ ࡿ ᨵ ኚ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ 㡰 ᛂ ᛶ ࢆ 㧗 ࡵ ࡓ ࡲ ࡓ ゎ 㸰㸬ศᯒ࣭せᮃ ᯒ୰ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ⏝ࡍࡿྡ๓ࣇ࢛࣮࣒⾲♧ ᴗࡣ᪤Ꮡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡓࡀᵝࡢ ᢕᥱࡀᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢศᯒ ࡽ⾜ࡗࡓ᪤Ꮡࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛ࡣࢹ࣮ࢱ㒊ศ Microsoft SQL Server ࣥ ࢱ ࣇ ࢙ ࣮ ࢫ 㒊 ศ Microsoft Access ࢆ ⏝ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࣥ ࢱ ࣇ ࢙࣮ ࢫ ࡉࢀࡿ⾲㢟ࡀ㐪࠺࠸ࡗࡓࡀᗄᗘぢࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛ ΰࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡇࢀࡢ⤫୍ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 㸲㸬ྍどࡢ᳨ウ࣭ᐇ ࡣࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ↷ධຊ⦅㞟࡞ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ྍどࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡀ᭷⏝࡞ࢹ࣮ ࡿ ࡘࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᧯స⏬㠃 ࢱ࡞ࡿࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡽྍどࢆᐇ⾜ࡋࡓ᭱ึ ࠾ࡅࡿ࣎ࢱࣥࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㛵ಀࢆ Fig. ♧ࡍ ୖࡀࡗࡓࡣ1ࡘࡢసᴗ␒ྕ㛵ࡋ࡚ᕤᩘࢆᶵᲔ ࡈศ㢮ࡋ࡚ྍどࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡔࡔࡀࡇ ࡢ᪉ἲᚲせ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿᕤᩘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀసᴗဨ ࡢసᴗ㛫ࢆඖධຊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ.ࡑࡇ࡛ྛసᴗ␒ ྕࡢసᴗဨࡢᕤᩘࢆྍどࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ษࡾ᭰࠼ ࡚ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ.ᵓ⠏ᚋ, ࡇࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ ᐇ㝿ぢ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࡢࡔࡀ࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ᴗഃࡀධຊ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢಙ៰ᛶࡀప࠸ሙྜࡸእࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀከࡃࡑࡢሙྜྍどࡢពࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ Fig.1 Application appearance ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 25 - ࡑࡇ࡛ḟసᴗ␒ྕࡈẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ྠࡌၟရ࡛ ࡲ࡞✀㢮ู࡞ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࣉࣝࢲ࣓࢘ࣥࢽࣗ ᕤᩘࡢ⛬ᗘࡢᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆྍどࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ ࣮ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ࡚ ࡢᐇ ࢆ ⪃࠼ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ศ㢮 ࡍࡿ ✀ 㢮 ࡢ ⪃࠼ ࡓ ࡇࢀ 㛵 ࡋ࡚ ࡶධ ຊࡉ ࢀࡓ ࢹ࣮ ࢱࡢ ಙ៰ᛶ ୍ぴ⌧≧ࡢẚ⋡ࢆ Fig.㸯♧ࡍ ࡀప࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾධຊࡋࡓேࡼࡗ࡚ධຊᇶ‽ ࡪࢀ ࡀ࠶ ࡿ ࡋ ࡋࡇ ࡢ᪉ ἲ࡞ ࡽࡤ እ ࡣ┠ ぢ࠼ Table.1 Category List and Ratio ࡚✺ฟࡋࡓᙧ࡛⾲ࡉࢀ⌧ሙࡢேࡢ⤒㦂ࡼࡿุ᩿ ഛ⪃ྡ ẚ⋡ ࡼ ࡾ㝖 እࡍ ࡿࡇ ࡀ ࡛ࡁ ࡿ ࡇࡢ ࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ ࢆ⏝ ᕤ⛬ྡ ࡋࡓࢆ Fig.2 ♧ࡍ 㛫 4% ᑍἲ㸦ᖜ×㧗ࡉ×ዟ⾜ࡁ㸧 3% ᑍἲ㸦┤ᚄ㸧 6% 57% ฎ⌮ಶᩘ 30% 㸴㸬࠾ࢃࡾ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣᴗࡢཷὀᕤ⛬⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࡢᵓ㐀ゎᯒཷὀᕤ⛬⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྍど ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡋࡋᖺᗘධࡾᴗࡀ ⏝ࡋ ࡚࠸ ࡿࢩ ࢫࢸ ࣒ࡀ ᪂ࡋ ࠸ࡶ ࡢ ኚࢃ ࡗࡓ ࡓ ࡵ Fig.2 System use cases ᚋ ࡣྍ ど ࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ ࡢ⛣ ⾜ࢆ 㐍ࡵ ࡚࠸ ࡁࡓ ࠸ ࡲ ࡓ᳨⣴ᶵ⬟ࡢᙉࡋ࡚ഛ⪃ḍࡽࡢ᳨⣴ࡢᐇ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛సᡂࡋࡓᚋᴗࡀࡲࡗࡓࡃ᪂ࡋ࠸ཷ ࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡚࠸ ࡃ ഛ⪃ ḍࡢ 㐣ཤ ࡢࢹ ࣮ࢱ ࡣ༑ ᩘ ௳ ὀᕤ⛬⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᑟධࡋࡓࡓࡵࡇࡢྍどࢩ ࠶ࡾࡍ࡚ேࡢᡭ࡛⮬⏤᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛⮬ື ࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ⌧≧㐣ཤࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡋ࡚༢ㄒ㑅ࡾศࡅࡿࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓ ᪂つᑟධࢩࢫࢸ࣒ྍどࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡇ ࡵ㛫ࢆࡅ࡚ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡶ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ᪂つᑟධࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣእ㒊ᴗࡢၟ ရ࡛࠶ࡾ㉳ືࡣㄆドࡀ࠸ࡿࡓࡵ◊✲⏝ࡢࣃࢯࢥ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ ࣥࣥࢫࢺ࣮ࣝࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡎ㞴⯟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 1) ᳃ᘅ㞞㐨, ᚋ⸨⏤㤶, 㟵ᾈ:web ᢏ⾡ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡼࡿᴗົຠ⋡ , ศᕤᴗ 㸳㸬᳨⣴ᶵ⬟ࡢᙉ 㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ⣖せ, vol.44, 37/42(2007) ⌧ᅾ〇ရసᡂࡢᕤ⛬ࡈసᴗဨࡀ⮬⏤グ㏙ 2) ᳃ᘅ㞞㐨, ᚋ⸨⏤㤶, ୕ᐑኴ㑻, 㟵ᾈ:web ᢏ ࡛ࡁࡿഛ⪃ḍࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡋࡋ⮬⏤グ ⾡ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡼࡿᴗົຠ⋡ ㏙࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ྠࡌពࡢഛ⪃ࢆグ㏙ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ (2), ศᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ⣖せ, vol.45, ࠸࡚ࡶேࡸᮇࡀ㐪࠺ࡔࡅ࡛ࡑࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡣࡤ 22/27(2008) ࡽࡘࡁࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ୖ㏙ࡋࡓ⏤ࡽഛ⪃ 3) ᑠᒣㄔ, 㓇ဴஓ, ┿㘠ಇᙪ:᪂⪺グࡽࡢ⏝ㄒᐃ ḍࡢ࣮࣡ࢻࡼࡾ〇ရࢆ᳨⣴ࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡶពࡀ ⩏ࡢᢳฟᅛ᭷⾲⌧ࢡࣛࢫᇶ࡙ࡃศ㢮 , ሗฎ⌮ ྠࡌ࡛⾲⌧ࡀ㐪࠺࣮࣡ࢻࢆ᳨⣴ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ Ꮫ, 45/51(2004) ࠸ ࡇࢀࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ᪤Ꮡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢഛ⪃ḍ ධຊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࣡ࢻࡽᚲせᛮࢃࢀࡿ࣮࣡ࢻࢆ 㑅ฟࡋࡑࡢ࣮࣡ࢻࡽసᴗဨࡀධຊࡋࡓ࠸ព ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸࣮࣡ࢻࢆ㑅ࡧഛ⪃ḍグ㏙ࡍࡿ࣮࣡ࢻ ࡢ㑅ฟࡣ᪤Ꮡࢩࢫࢸ࣒ධຊࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࣡ࢻࡍ ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⭾ࡍࡂࡿ㔞࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓ ࡵᴗࡀᚲせࡋࡓ࣮࣡ࢻ⩌ࡢ୰ࡽฟ⌧⋡ࡢ㧗 ࠸㡰 100 ࣮࣡ࢻ⛬ᗘ㑅ฟࡍࡿ ࡲࡓ࣮࣡ࢻࡢ⾲♧ࡣ50 㡢㡰ࡸᮦᩱᕤ⛬➼ࡢ - 26 - ㄝ᫂ᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒࠾ࡅࡿࣥࢫࢱࣥࢫ⏕ᡂࡢ᳨ウ ⚟ۑ㇂㑈♸ ᑎඖ㈗ᖾ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Study of instantiation in the explanation support system ○Ryosuke FUKUTANI* and Takayuki TERAMOTO* *Tsuyama National College of Technology 㸯. ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ┠ⓗ ㏆ᖺ㸪ᴗࡸ⾜ᨻ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡞࠾࠸࡚㸪IT ࡼࡿ ࣐ࣥࢩࣙࣥ ⟶⌮ၥ㢟 ᴗົᨭࡀᗈࡃᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ࣮࣡ࣉࣟࢯࣇ ࢺ࡛ࡢ᭩㢮సᡂࡸ⾲ィ⟬ࢯࣇࢺ࡛ࡢࢢࣛࣇసᡂ㸪㟁 Ꮚ࣓࣮࡛ࣝࡢ㐃⤡࡞㸪⌧௦♫࠾࠸࡚ࣃࢯࢥࣥ ᭩㠃ࡢ ഛ ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡞࠸᪥ࡣ࡞࠸ゝࡗ࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡃࡽ࠸ IT ᢏ ⾡ࡣ♫ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ IT ࡼࡿᴗົᨭ ሗ㓘ၥ㢟 ࡣᚑ᮶ᴗົࡢ௦᭰ࡀࢇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࡞┠ⓗࡣᴗ ົࡢຠ⋡࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᴗົࡢᡭ㛫ࡸ↹㞧ࡉࢆ㍍ῶࡋ㸪 㡸ࡾ㔠ࡢ ㏉㑏 ᴗົࢆࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵ IT ࡣά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸬 㔜せ㡯ㄝ᫂ ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ື⏘ᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࡶእ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬Web ୖ ⍗⑅ၥ㢟 ࡛ࡢ≀௳ሗࡢ᳨⣴ࡸẚ㍑ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾ㸪ྛ✀᭩㢮 ࡶࣃࢯࢥࣥࢆ⏝࠸࡚సᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡋࡋ㸪ᮍࡔື⏘ᴗ࠾࠸࡚ IT ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊 ዎ⣙ゎ㝖 ศࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡀ㔜せ㡯ㄝ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬 㸰㔜せ㡯ㄝ᫂ Fig. 1 Percentage of problem of real estate industry 㔜せ㡯ㄝ᫂ࡣື⏘ྲྀᘬࢆ⾜࠺㝿㸪ᙜ⪅ 㔜せ㡯ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㔜せ㡯ㄝ᫂ ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ὠᒣᕷࡢఫᏯ⏘ᴗࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡣ㸪᭩㠃ཱྀ㢌࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪 ࠕ ㄝ᫂ࡀᢤࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ 2) ࡛⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿዎ⣙ᙧែ ྜࢃࡏࡓㄝ᫂ᴗົᨭ ࡸࠕㄝ᫂㊊࡛ศࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡞ࡢ⌮⏤࡛ዎ⣙ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸦௨ୗᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸧ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ᚋၥ㢟࡞ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከࡃ㸪ッゴ࡞ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ ࡋࡋ㸪ື⏘ᴗࡢࢣ࣮ࢫࡢࡳᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ື⏘ྲྀᘬ࠾ࡅࡿⱞࡸ⣮தࡢཎ ᵝࡀ≉ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸㸪ỗ⏝ᛶࡢప࠸ ᅉࡋ࡚㸪㔜せ㡯ㄝ᫂㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸㸬 ᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ ᅜᅵ㏻┬ࡼࡿᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘࡢື⏘ᴗ࠾ࡅࡿ ࡼࡾỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ ཎᅉูࡢⱞ࣭⣮த┦ㄯࡢྜࢆ Fig. ᖜ࡞ᵝࡢᨵၿࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᶆࡋࡓ㸬 1 ♧ࡍ㸬 㔜せ㡯ㄝ᫂ࡣᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡓㄝ᫂ࡀከࡃ㸪 3)4)5)㸬 ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪ዎ⣙ࡸㄝ᫂ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿᴗົ ෆᐜࡶከᒱࢃࡓࡿࡓࡵ 1 ௳࠶ࡓࡾ 1 㛫༙⛬ᗘࡢ ࠾࠸࡚㸪ேⅭⓗ࣑ࢫࡸࢺࣛࣈࣝ㸪ࡲࡓㄝ᫂ࡍࡿഃ 㛫ࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜࠺⪅ࡗ࡚㸪 ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿഃ୧᪉ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡍ㸬 ࡚ࡶ㈇ᢸࡢࡁ࡞ᴗົ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ຍ࠼࡚㸪ዎ⣙ᚋ ㄝ᫂㊊࡞ࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵࡣ㸪 㸱ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲ ᚑ᮶⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ఫᏯ⏘ᴗࢭࣥࢱ࣮࠾ グ㘓ࢆṧࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇࡀᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ື⏘ᴗ࠾ࡅࡿࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ⅬࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ ࠸࡚ᐇ㝿⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿዎ⣙᭩࡞ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ືస ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲ࡢ࡞┠ ࡍࡿᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀ ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᣢࡘᶵ⬟ࡑࢀࢆ⏝ࡋࡓᐇ㝿ࡢືసࡢὶࢀࡋ࡚ ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢᵝ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 27 - ձ Microsoft Excel ࢆ⏝࠸࡚సᡂࡋࡓዎ⣙᭩ࡢࢸ ࣥࣉ࣮ࣞࢺሗࢆධຊࡍࡿ ղ Excel ࣇࣝࣜࣥࢡࡋࡓ Word ࣇࣝࢆ ᐇ㝿ࡢዎ⣙᭩ࡋ࡚༳ๅ ճ Excel ࣇࣝࡢෆᐜࢆࡶࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ ࢩࣙࣥࢆᐇ⾜ ࡇ ࢀࡽ ࡢᡭ㡰 ࢆᅗ ࡋࡓ ࡶࡢ ࡀ ௨ ୗࡢ Fig. 2 ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 Fig. 3 Flow of the new system ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛㸪ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡞ᣑᙇᛶ ࡶ☜ಖࡋࡘࡘ㸪ࡼࡾ༢⣧ࡉࢀࡓᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ලయⓗ࡞ሗࡢධ Fig. 2 ຊ࣭ฟຊ⏝ࡢࣇࣝᙧᘧࡋ࡚㸪Microsoft Office ࢩ Flow of the operation ࣮ࣜࢬࡀ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ OOXML ᙧᘧࢆ᭱ึᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇ ࡇࡢᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪ඛ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ỗ⏝ᛶ ஈࡋࡃ㸪࠸ࡸࡍ࠸ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 Excel ࣇࣝሗࢆධຊࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀ࡛ࡣᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⏝⪅ࡀዎ⣙᭩ࡢኚ ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪Microsoft Office ࡢ⏝⪅ࡀ㠀ᖖ ከࡃ㸪ࡼࡃ⏝ࡉࢀࡿᙧᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㸳ࡲࡵ࣭ࡇࢀࡽࡢᒎᮃ ᭦ࢆ⾜࠺㝿ኚ࡞ᡭ㛫㛫ࡀࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡛㸪Microsoft Office ᑐᛂࡋࡓᨭࢩࢫ ࡀࡁ࡞ၥ㢟Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪ࡶࡶ⏝ࡋ ࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࢩࢫࢸ࣒యࡋ࡚ືసࡍ ࡚࠸ࡿዎ⣙᭩ࡢᙧᘧࡣఫᏯ⏘ᴗࢭࣥࢱ࣮㝈ࡽࡎ ࡿࡲ࡛ࡣ㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪Microsoft Word ࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪 Office ࡢᑐᛂࢆ➨୍㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ࢜ࣇࢫࢫ ሗࢆධຊࡍࡿࣇࣝࡸࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋ ࣮ࢺ㸦OpenOffice, LibreOffice ࡞㸧ࡼࡿሗࡢ ࡚ฟຊࡍࡿᙧᘧࢆ㑅ࡤ࡞࠸ᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆసᡂࡍࡿ ධฟຊࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡍࡿᙧᘧᣑᙇࡍࡿணᐃ࡛ ࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ྜᡂ 㡢ኌ࡞࡛ㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜࠺⊂⮬ࡢᙧᘧࡢᑐᛂࡶ㐍ࡵࡼ 㸲ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᡂᯝ ࠺⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣỗ⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᵓ ⠏ࡍࡿࡓࡵሗࡢධຊ᪉ἲࢆ௨ୗ Fig. 1) ᗈ℩♸୍㑻㸸Ꮿᆅᘓ≀ྲྀᘬᴗἲ⾜≧ἣㄪᰝ ༢⣧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 㸦ᖹᡂ 21 ᖺᗘ㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅜᅵ㏻┬⥲ ձ ᪤Ꮡࡢዎ⣙᭩ሗᢳฟ⏝ࡢࢱࢢࢆࡘࡅࡿ ղ ㄝ᫂⏝ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥሗ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳ⏝ ྜᨻ⟇ᒁື⏘ᴗㄢື⏘ᴗᣦᑟᐊ㸪10㸦2011㸧 2) ఫᏯ⏘ᴗࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸸http://www.jyutaku- ࡢࢱࢢࢆࡅࡿ ճ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 3 ࡢࡼ࠺ ዎ⣙ࡢ㝿㸪ዎ⣙᭩ࡢࢱࢢሗࢆ⣣ࡅ࡚࠸ sangyo.co.jp/ 㸦2014㸧 3) ᓥ⚽ᖹ㸸ㄝ᫂ᴗົᨭࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡢసᡂ㸪 ࡃ մ ዎ⣙᭩ࡽࢱࢢࢆᾘཤࡍࡿ㸦༳ๅࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸧 ᖹᡂ 23 ᖺᗘ༞ᴗ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸪ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛 յ ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࢱࢢሗࢆ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡴ Ꮫᰯ㸦2012㸧 4) ⚟㇂㑈♸㸸ㄝ᫂ᴗົᨭࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࠾ࡅࡿไ ᚚᵓ㐀ࡢᵓ⠏㸪ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺᗘ༞ᴗ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸪ὠᒣ ᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸦2013㸧 5) ୕Ꮿᗣᮁ㸸ㄝ᫂ᴗົᨭࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࠾ࡅࡿ ⏬㠃సᡂࡢ᳨ウ㸪ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺᗘ༞ᴗ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸪 ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸦2013㸧 - 28 - ὠᒣᕷ࠾ࡅࡿțওሗࡢྍख़ࡍࡿ◊" ۑ᳃ᕝ ႍ ᑎඖଇᖾ ὠᒣᕤᴗ¬ᑓ࿋Ꮫᰯ 5HVHDUFK RQ 9LVXDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH 6WDWLVWLFDO ,QIRUPDWLRQ LQ 7VX\DPD <ۑXVXNH 0RULNDZD DQG 7DND\XNL 7HUDPRWR 7VX\DPD 1DWLRQDO &ROOHJH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ ᜟࡣࡌࡵ ὠᒣᕷࡢțওሗࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⌧≧ࡋ࡚ὠᒣᕷ ࡣᖹᡂᖺຍա⏫ုἼᮧ⏫ஂů⏫ྜ ేࡋ࡚࠾ࡾྜే௨๓ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣǜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ࠶ ࡿࡀႱᏊࡣࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡲࡓྜేᚋࡢࢹ࣮ ࢱࡣ࢚ ࢡࢭ࣭ࣝᏊ ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࢹ ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡀ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡇࡢࡇࡽᮏ◊"ᐊ࡛ࡣὠᒣᕷࡢ౫ᆇࡼ ࡾ ᕷࡀᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿțওሗࢆྍख़ࡋࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ࣋ ࣮ࢫࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡑࡢࡓ ࡵὠᒣᕷࡢțওሗࢆ୍ពæ⌮ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࣋ ࣮ࢫࡢసᡂࡀᚲो࡛࠶ࡿࡲࡓࢌᨻࢆࡼࡾӻ࠸ࡶ ࡢࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵὠᒣᕷ࠾ࡅࡿ≉ᚩ࣭ၥᆏⅬ ࡞ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡽศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡶ౫ᆇࡉࢀ࡚ ᜠᐇ⌧᪉ἲ ὠᒣᕷࡢțওሗࢆຍࡋࡓᆅᅗࢆసᡂࡍࡿ ࡣ 4*,6 ࠸ ࠺ *,6 ࢯ ࣇ ࢺ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࣇ ࣜ ࣮ ࢯ ࣇࢺ ࡛࠶ ࡾ ᆅ ᅗࢆస ᡂࡋࡓ ࡾ ɵ ႏࡋ ࡓࡾ ࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡢࢶ࣮ࣝᆞࡀჰᖖᐇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾᆅᅗࡢసᡂࡸ ྍख़ࢆࢌ࠺ࡇࡀᐜ᫆࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿධຊࡍ ࡿțওሗࡣὠᒣᕷᕷᙺᡤ࡛ᐇၯ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ྜేᚋᖹᡂᖺ௨ံࡢ࢚ࢡࢭࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ ࡲࡓὠᒣᕷࡢⓑᆅᅗࡣࠕᨻᗓțওࡢɢྜ6ཱྀࠖ࠸ ࠺ ↓ ᩱ ࡛ ᆅ ᅗ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ VKDSH ࣇ ࣝ ࢆ ᥦ ౪ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࢧࢺࡽࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋࡓ ጞࡵࢲ࣮࢘ࣥࣟࢻࡋ࡚ࡁࡓὠᒣᕷࡢⓑᆅᅗࡢ VKDSH ࣇ ࣝ ࢆ 4*,6 ࡛ ࿔ ࡃ ࡑ ࡢ Ȇ ᯝ ࢆ ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ࠸ࡿὠᒣᕷțওሗࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫྍख़ࢶ࣮ࣝ ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆࢌ࠺ᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿὠᒣᕷ࠾ࡅࡿț ওሗࡢྍख़ࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ࡣᅗ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞țྜ *,6 ࠕ ࡁ ࡽ ࡁ ࡽ ࡘ ࡸ ࡲ ࡗ ࠖ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡢ ț ྜ *,6 ࡣᆅᇦఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿேཱྀࡢᑠ࡞ࡢ᮲௳ࢆǼࡳ ྜࢃࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚᮲௳୍Ҥࡍࡿ࢚ࣜࢆග ࡽ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ྍ ख़ ࡍࡿ ࡶࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡲࡓ ᪂ ࡋ ࠸ ᆅᅗࡢసᡂࡸɵႏࠊྍख़ࡀࢌ࠼ࡿࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚ 4*,6ࡀ࠶ࡿ ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣࡲࡎ4*,6 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ὠᒣᕷࡢᆅᅗ ᵝࠎ࡞țওሗࢆຍࡋ࡚ྍख़ࡍࡿࡑࡢ࠶ྛ )LJ %ODQN 0DS RI 7VX \DPD ✀ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆసᡂࡋࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫྍख़ ࢶ࣮ࣝࡋ࡚țྜ*,6ࠕࡁࡽࡁࡽࡘࡸࡲࡗࠖࢆ ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆࢌ࠺᭱Ǻⓗࡣ ὠᒣᕷࡢोᮃ ྜࢃࡏ࡚țྜ*,6 ࡢᶵЏࡢຍ࣭ᣑᙇࢆࢌ࠺ࡀᮏ ✏࡛ࡣࡑࡢẁၥࡲ࡛◊"ࡀࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ ᜡᆅᅗࡢసᡂ ࡇࡢⓑᆅᅗὠᒣᕷࡢțওሗࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ ᅇࡣὠᒣᕷࡢேཱྀୡᖏᩘࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆⓑᆅᅗ ᤄධࡋࡓேཱྀࡸୡᖏᩘ࡞ࡢțওሗࡣ࢚ࢡࢭ ࣝ ࡢ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࢆ FVYᙧ ᘧ ኚ ࡋ ࡚ ࡇ ࡢ ⓑ ᆅ ᅗ ࡢ ୖ ࡽ4*,6ࡳನࡴ ࡲࡎࠊὠᒣᕷࡢᖺࡢேཱྀࡢ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆFVYᙧᘧ࡛ࡳನࡴ ࡑࡋ࡚ὠᒣᕷࡢⓑᆅᅗ ᖺ ࡢ ே ཱྀ ࡢ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࢆ Ȇ ྜ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ ୍ ࡘ ࡢ ࣞ ࣖ ࣮ ࢆ స ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡑ ࡢ ࣞ ࣖ ࣮ ᆅ ᅗ ὠ ᒣ ᕷ ࡢ ே ཱྀࡢሗᆅᇦྡࢆᤄධࡍࡿ ࡑࡢȆᯝࢆᅗ♧ )LJ .LUD.LUD 7VX \DPDS ࡍ ও ҜືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭൺὠᒣᆅ༊ও ไᚚ◊"ਫ਼₇ਭᩥႏ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ - 29 - )LJ %ODQN 0DS 3RSXODWLRQ )LJ 3RSXODWLRQ &KDQJH ᅗࡣⓑᆅᅗᆅᇦྡேཱྀࡀᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ ჰᖖ॒ࡃ࠸ᅗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡑࡇ࡛ேཱྀᩘࢆ ¬ศศࡅ࡚ӽศࡅࡋࠊྍख़ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ჰ ᖖ॒ࡸࡍ࠸ᆅᅗࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ ӽศࡅࡣᆅ ᅗࡢࢫࢱࣝࢆኚ᭦ࡋ॒ࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ӽࡢ✀ᆞ ࢆศᆞࡋ࡚ྍख़ࡋࡓ ࡑࡢȆᯝࢆᅗ♧ࡍ )LJ 7KH 1XPEHU RI +RXVHKROGV &KDQJH ᜢᮏᩥࡲࡵ ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣ 4*,6ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ὠᒣᕷࡢⓑᆅᅗὠᒣ ᕷࡢțওሗࢆᤄධࡋ ྍख़ࡋࡓᆅᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡓ ᚋࡢᆏࡋ࡚ᅇ᫂ࡋࡓேཱྀୡᖏᩘ௨እ ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ țওࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྍख़ࡋ ࡑࡢ ྍख़ࡉࢀࡓ ᆅᅗࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ྛ✀ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆసᡂࡋ ṇ॔ࡍ )LJ 7KH YLVXDOL]HG PDS ࡿᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿࡑࡋ࡚᭱Ǻⓗṇ॔ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࣋ ࡇࢀྠᵝᖺࡢேཱྀࡶྍख़ࡋᖺࡢே ࣮ࢫ țྜ*,6࡛࠶ࡿࠕࡁࡽࡁࡽࡘࡸࡲࡗࠖࢆ⏝ ཱྀᖺࡢேཱྀࡢኚືࢆᩘ್࡛♧ࡋࠊӽศࡅࡋ࡚ ࠸࡚ὠᒣᕷࡢ≉ᚩၥᆏⅬࢆศᯒࡋᑡࡋ࡛ࡶࢌᨻ ྍख़ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ࡞ࡿ ྍख़ࡍࡿࡇࡼ ᙺW࡚࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ ࡗ࡚ࡢᆅᇦࡀࡢࡃࡽ࠸ቑῶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡀ୍┠࡛ศࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ ேཱྀྠᵝୡᖏᩘࡶᖺᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ ࡳನࡳࡢࡃࡽ࠸ኚືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢆྍख़ࡋ࡚ ཧͳᩥ⊩ ࢢ♧ࡋࡓ ୕ӽಶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡃ ேཱྀୡᖏᩘࡀ ᖺẚ࡚ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆᅗᅗ♧ࡍ - 30 - ὠᒣᕷὠᒣᕷțও᭩ᝬ ᮌὒ 4XDQWXP *,6ධ࿋ ྂ᭩၄ ҥɟႉᑥႆήእ܇ửႸਦẲẺ ᵣᵡᵰὼᵡᵴᵢ ඥỆợỦᴾ ᩼ឋᆷ҄໗እᕓᐏỉ˺ᙌᴾ ۑ㉥ᯇඞಇࠊ▮྿῟┿㸦ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸧ᑎඖ⤫ே㸦ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯᑓᨷ⛉㸧 ୰ᮧ㔜அ㸦ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸧㈈㒊୍㸦ᒸᒣ⌮⛉Ꮫ㸧 Preparation of amorphous Carbon Nitride Thin Films by ECR-CVD for White LEDs ۑKatsutoshi AKAMATSU and Jyunma YABUKI(Tsuyama National College of Technology),Michihito TERAMOTO(Tsuyama National College of Technology),Shigeyuki NAKAMURA(Tsuyama National College of Technology),Kenichi ZAIBU(Okayama University of Science) ࣥ$Uࢆ࢟ࣕࣜ࢞ࢫࡋ࡚ࠊ6L ᇶᯈୖ 㛫 ᵏᵌ ᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢᡂ⭷᮲௳ࢆ 7DEOH ᄂᆮᏑᴾ ♧ࡍࠋ ⌧ᅾᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿከࡃࡢⓑⰍ /(' ࡣࠊ*D1 ⣔༙ ᵓ㐀≉ᛶࡢホ౯ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⭷ཌ ᐃࠊගᏛ≉ᛶࠊ ᑟయࡽᡂࡿ㟷Ⰽ /(' 㯤ⰍⓎගࡍࡿ⺯ගయࡢ ⤌ᡂẚࠊࣇ࢛ࢺ࣑ࣝࢿࢵࢭࣥࢫ㸦3/㸧 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡼࡾᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᖹᆒ₇Ⰽᣦ ࡓࠋ3/ ᐃࡣࠊບ㉳※ࡋ࡚ +H&G ࣮ࣞࢨ㸦QP㸧 ᩘࡀప࠸ࠊᕤ⛬ࡀ」㞧࡛㧗ࢥࢫࢺ࠸ࡗࡓㄢ㢟ࡀ ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ Table 1.Preparation Conditions ࠶ࡿࠋ⺯ගయࣇ࣮࡛ࣜ₇ⰍᛶࡀⰋዲ࡛Ᏻ౯స〇 Ar[sccm] ྍ⬟࡞ⓑⰍ /(' ࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࠊ❅Ⅳ⣲&1[ⷧ CH4[sccm] N2[sccm] ⭷ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ&1[ ⷧ⭷ࡽࣇ࢛ CNE115 0.5 0.5 0.4 ࢺ࣑ࣝࢿࢵࢭࣥࢫ3/ ᐃ࠾࠸࡚┠ど࡛ⓑⰍⓎ CNE116 0.5 0.5 0.4 ගࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ(&5 ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ CNE117 0.5 0.26 0.4 &9' ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᡂ⭷ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࠊ&1[ CNE118 0.5 0.5 0.4 ⷧ⭷ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ⓑⰍ /(' ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡣࠊS ᆺ㺃Q ᆺ CNE119 1.0 1.0 0.8 ࡢఏᑟไᚚࡼࡿ SQ ᥋ྜࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡸࠊࡑࡢ CNE120 0.5 0.5 0.4 CNE121 0.5 0.5 0.4 Ⓨගຠ⋡ࢆ㧗ຠ⋡ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᵐᵌ &1( ࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚ࠊ&1(&1(&1( ࡣᇶ ᄂᆮႸႎᴾ ᅇࡣࠊD&1[ ࢆస〇ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡢ ᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡋ࡚ᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋ&1( ࡣࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙ ྥୖࡢࡓࡵࠊᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡋࡓࡇࠊ1& ẚࡢ ࣥࣇࢡࢱࢆ⪃៖ࡋࠊ&1( ࡣࢫࢱࣈࢳ࣮ࣗࢼ࣮ ྥୖࡢࡓࡵࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᡂ ↓࡛ࠊ&1( ࡣ࢞ࢫࡢὶ㔞ࢆቑຍࡋ࡚ᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋ ⭷ࡋࡓࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡢ⌧≧ࡣ⣙ ࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱ㸦C.F㸧ࡢ⪃៖ࡣ࣐ࢫࣇ >QPK@࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┠ᶆࡣ >QPK@ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣮ࣟࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣛࡢὶ㔞ࣞࣥࢪࡣ N2 ࢆᇶ‽ࡋ ࡚ὶ㔞ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ C.F ್ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ N2 ௨እ ᵑᵌ ࡢ࢞ࢫࡢὶ㔞ࢆ N2 ࢞ࢫࡢὶ㔞⟬ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ ᬴ܱ૾ඥᴾ &1[ ⷧ⭷ࡣࠊ (&5 ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ &9' ἲࡼࡾᡂ⭷ࡋࡓࠋ ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ཎᩱ࢞ࢫ࣓ࢱࣥ&+ࠊ❅⣲1ࢆ⏝࠸ࠊࣝࢦ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 31 - ᵒώ᬴ܱኽௐᴾ &1( ࡣࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᡂ⭷ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᮲௳࡛ᡂ⭷ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⭷ཌ⤖ᯝࢆ 7DEOH ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ㟁Ꮚࣉ࣮ࣟࣈᚤᑠ㒊ศ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ 1& ẚ ᯒ⨨㸦(30$㸧࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ 1& ẚࢆ )LJ ♧ࡍࠋ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᵓώộểỜᴾ Table 2. Film Thickness ⭷ཌ>QP@ ᅇᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡢྥୖࡢࡓࡵᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡋ &1( ࡚ᡂ⭷ࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ &1( ⭷ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡍࡿࡇ &1( ࡼࡾ⭷ཌࡀཌࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺ &1( ࡀ࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ࡢ࣮ࣞࢺࡼࡾ 1.7 ಸྥୖࡋࡓࠋᚋࡢᡂ &1( ⭷࡛ࡶᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ⭷ࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ &1( ᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡛ᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡣ 1.7 ಸྥ &1( ୖࡋࡓࡀ┠ᶆ್ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛⌧⾜ࡢ CH4 ࡼࡾࡶ C ࡢ㔞ࡀከ࠸ C4H10 ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇࡼ ⭷ཌ ᐃࡢ್ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ ᅇ⭷ཌࢆ ᐃࡋࠊᖹᆒ ࡗ࡚ᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿྥୖࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋࡲࡓࢥ ࡢ್ࢆ⾲♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲ࡢ㏻ࡾᇶ‽࡞ࡿ &1( ࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᡂ⭷ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ ࡼࡾࡶᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡋࡓ &1( ࡣ⭷ཌࡀ ⤌ᡂẚኚࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡉࡽ᳨ウࡍ ཌࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓ &1( ࡀᴟ➃ ࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⷧࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀⷧࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࢃࡗ࡚࠸ Ӌᎋ૨ྂᴾ ࡞࠸ࠋ⾲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽᚑ᮶ࡢᇶᯈྎ࡛ࡣᖹᆒ 㛫 QP ᡂ⭷࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡀࠊᇶᯈྎࢆᗈࡃࡍ 1) H.K.Jang, G.Kim, Y.S.Lee, and S.W.Whangbo: J.Vac.Sci.Technol. A ࡿࡇࡼࡾ 㛫 QP ᡂ⭷࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ 17, 2607 (1999). ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⣙ ಸᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡀቑຍࡋࡓࠋ C N 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Fig.1 Composition Ratio - 32 - ҥɟႉᑥႆήእ܇ửႸਦẲẺ᩼ឋᆷ҄໗እᕓᐏỉႆήཎࣱᴾ ▮ۑ྿ ῟┿㸪㉥ᯇ ඞಇ㸪 㸦ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪ᑎඖ ⤫ே㸦ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯᑓᨷ ⛉㸧㸪୰ᮧ 㔜அ㸦ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪㈈㒊 ୍㸦ᒸᒣ⌮⛉Ꮫ㸧 3KRWROXPLQHVFHQFHRIDPRUSKRXV&DUERQ1LWULGHIRU:KLWH/('V ᴾ ۑJunma YABUKI and Katsutoshi AKAMATU(Tuyama National College of Technology),Michihito TERAMOTO(Tuyama National College of Technology),Shigeyuki NAKAMURA(Tuyama National College of Technology),Kenichi ZAIBU (Okayama University of science), ◊✲⫼ᬒ ࢭࣥࢫ㸧ࡀᨺฟࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣮ࣞࢨගࢆࢧࣥࣉࣝ⾲㠃 ⌧ᅾᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿከࡃࡢⓑⰍ LED ࡣࠊGaN ⣔ ↷ᑕࡋࠊࡑࡢⓎගࢆศගჾ࡛ ᐃࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ ༙ᑟయࡽᡂࡿ㟷Ⰽ LED 㯤ⰍⓎගࡍࡿ⺯ගయ ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺࡀ㧗ࡃ⨨⟶ෆ࣐ࢡ ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡼࡾᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᖹᆒ₇Ⰽ ࣟἼࡀ༑ศఏ㐩࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓⅭࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣐ ᣦᩘ(Ra)ࡀప࠸ࠊᕤ⛬ࡀ」㞧࡛㧗ࢥࢫࢺ࠸ࡗࡓㄢ ࢡࣟἼࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚ࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺࡢῶᑡࢆ 㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⺯ගయࣇ࣮࡛ࣜ₇ⰍᛶࡀⰋዲୟࡘᏳ౯ ヨࡳࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᚑ᮶ࡢᇶᯈྎࡣࠊ┤ᚄ⣙㸱>FP@ࡢ స〇ྍ⬟࡞ⓑⰍ LED ࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࠊ❅Ⅳ⣲ ྎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ✵Ὕࡽ࢞ࢫࡀ₃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢞ࢫ (CNx)ⷧ⭷ὀ┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊCNx ⷧ⭷ ࢆ‶ࡉࡏ⭷ཌࢆୖࡆࡿⅭࠊᇶᯈྎࡢᣑᙇࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡽࣇ࢛ࢺ࣑ࣝࢿࢵࢭࣥࢫ(PL) ᐃ࠾࠸࡚┠ど ࡓࠋ7DEOH1 ᡂ⭷᮲௳ኚ๓ࡢᇶ‽࡞ࡿࢧࣥࣉ ࡛ⓑⰍⓎගࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊECR ࣝࡢᡂ⭷ࡢ࢞ࢫὶ㔞ࢆࠊTable 㸰ኚᚋࡢᡂ⭷ ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ CVD ἲ RF ࢫࣃࢵࢱἲࡢే⏝ࡼࡿᡂ ࡢ࢞ࢫὶ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᡂ⭷㛫ࡣ 㛫ࠊᡂ⭷ ⭷ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢ Ra ࢆ Ra=82 ᕷ㈍ࡢⓑⰍ LED ᗘࡣᐊ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ&1( ࡣ࣐ࢡࣟἼࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢆ (1) (Ra=75)ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㧗ࡵࡿࡇᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ ࠊ&1( ࡣᇶᯈྎࢆᣑᙇࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ &1( ᚋࠊCNx ⷧ⭷ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ⓑⰍ LED ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡣࠊ ࡣ 1& ẚࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱࢆ p ᆺ㺃n ᆺࡢఏᑟไᚚࡼࡿ pn ᥋ྜࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ ⪃៖ࠊ&1( ࡣᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡓࡵ࢞ࢫὶ㔞 ࡸࠊࡑࡢⓎගຠ⋡ࢆ㧗ຠ⋡ࡍࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ ࢆቑຍࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 7DEOH3UHSDUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQ ◊✲┠ⓗ ◊✲┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡇ ヨᩱ␒ྕ $U &+ 1 &1( ࠊᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࠊ⤌ᡂẚࡢྥୖࡢⅭࡢᡂ⭷᮲௳ࡢ 7DEOH3UHSDUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQV ኚ᭦ࡢⓎගᙉᗘ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢㄪᰝࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ ヨᩱ␒ྕ $U &+ 1 ᅇࡣࠊࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺῶᑡࡢⅭ࣐ࢡࣟἼࢣ࣮ࣈ &1( ࣝࡢࠊᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺྥୖࡢⅭᇶᯈྎࡢᣑᙇࠊࡲ &1( ࡓࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢪࣙࣥࣇࢡࢱࡢ⪃៖ࠊ࢞ࢫὶ㔞ࡢㄪ &1( &1( ⠇ࢆ⾜࠸ᡂ⭷ࡋࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ PL ᐃࢆ⾜࠸᳨ドࡋࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ ࣇ࢛ࢺ࣑ࣝࢿࢵࢭࣥࢫ㸦3/㸧 ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ3/ ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ &1( &1( ࡢⓎගᙉᗘࡢẚ㍑ࢆ )LJ㸯ࠊ ᐃࡣࠊບ㉳※ࡋ࡚ +H&G ࣮ࣞࢨ㸦QP㸧ࢆ &1( &1( ࡢⓎගᙉᗘࡢẚ㍑ࢆ )LJ㸰ࠊ ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ3/ ᐃࡣࠊእ㒊ࡽ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ࠼ &1( &1( ࡢⓎගᙉᗘࡢẚ㍑ࢆ )LJ㸱ࠊ 㟁Ꮚࡣࡑࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ྾ࡋ࡚ບ㉳≧ែ㑄⛣ &1( &1( ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ )LJ ࡲࡵࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࡋᏳᐃࡢࡓࡵప࠸࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮≧ែ㑄⛣ࡍࡿࠋ Ⅼ⥺ࡀᇶ‽ࢧࣥࣉࣝࠊᐇ⥺ࡀኚᚋࡢࢧࣥࣉ࡛ࣝ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮‽ᕪ┦ᙜࡋࡓἼ㛗ࡢග㸦࣑ࣝࢿࢵ ࠶ࡿࠋᡂ⭷᮲௳ࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ 3/ ᐃ⤖ᯝࡋ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 33 - ࡚ࡣࠊⓎගᙉᗘࡣ⣙ ࡽ ⛬ᗘῶᑡࡋ࡚ࡋ ┦ᑐ┠┒ ࡲࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞࣐ࢡࣟἼࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢆタ ⨨ࡋࡓࡇࡼࡾࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺࡀᖹᆒ⣙ >㹵@ࡽ ⣙ >㹵@ࡲ࡛ῶᑡࡍࡿࡇᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᚑ Ⓨගᙉᗘ ᮶ࡢᇶᯈྎࡣࠊ┤ᚄ⣙㸱>FP@ࡢྎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ✵ Ὕࡽ࢞ࢫࡀ₃ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢞ࢫࢆ‶ࡉࡏ⭷ཌࢆ ୖࡆࡿⅭࠊᇶᯈྎࡢᣑᙇࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾ⣙ ಸ⭷ཌࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋ &1( 300 &1( 500 700 Ἴ㛗 ࡲࡵ ᅇࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣࠊࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺࡢῶᑡཬࡧᡂ⭷ࣞ 900 QP )LJ3/VSHFWUXPIRU&1( ࣮ࢺྥୖࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣜࣇࣞࢡࢺࡣ⣙ >㹵@ῶ ᑡࠊᡂ⭷࣮ࣞࢺࡣ⣙ ಸࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ┦ᑐ┠┒ ࡋࡋࠊⓎගᙉᗘࡣῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᡂ⭷࣮ࣞ ࢺࡢྥୖࡼࡾ⭷ࡢ⾲㠃ࡀฝพ࡞ࡗࡓⅭࠊ3/ ᐃࢧࣥࣉࣝ⾲㠃࡛ࡁࢀ࠸Ⓨග࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ Ⓨගᙉᗘ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋⓎගᙉᗘࡶୖ᪼ࡉࡏ &1( ࡿⅭࠊᅇᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ୰࡛ࡶⓎගᙉᗘࡢ㧗࠸࢞ ࢫὶ㔞ቑຍ╔┠ࡋᡂ⭷ࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ3/ ᐃ࡛ࡣࠊศගჾࡢගࡢධࡾ᪉࡞ࡼࡾ್ࡀࡃ &1( 300 ኚࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᚋࡣࠊྠ᮲௳࡛ᐇ㦂ࡀ⾜ 500 Ἴ㛗 700 nm 900 ࠼ࡿᵝᨵၿࡋࠊලయⓗ࡞᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃணᐃ )LJ3/VSHFWUXPIRU&1( ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ┦ᑐ┠┒ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ [1]. A.Y. Liu and M.L. Cohen, Science. 245 (1989) 841. &1( [2]. A.Y. Liu and M.L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B. 41, 15 (1990) Ⓨගᙉᗘ 10727. [3]. H.K. Jang, G. Kim, Y.S. Lee, et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, 5 (1999) 2607. &1( 300 500 700 Ἴ㛗 [4]. W.J. Hsieh, C.C. Lin, et al, Diam. Relate. Mater. 14 900 (2005) 93. QP )LJ3/VSHFWUXPIRU&1( [5]. M. Zhang, Y. Nakayama, M. Kume, Solid. State. Commun.110 (1999) 679. [6]. H. Kajii, H. Maki, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 27 ┦ᑐ┠┒ (2005) L882. Ⓨගᙉᗘ &1( &1( 300 500 Ἴ㛗 700 nm 900 )LJ3/VSHFWUXPIRU&1( - 34 - ⷧ⭷ኴ㝧㟁ụࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ◲㖡ࢫࢬⷧ⭷ࡢస〇 ۑ㏆ᛅᚿ 㡲୍㈗ၨ ୰ᮧ㔜அ ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Preparation of Copper Tin Sulfide Thin Films for Thin Film Solar Cells ۑTadashi Korechika, Takahiro Suichi, Shigeyuki Nakamura Tsuyama National College of Technology 㸯㸬⫼ᬒ ࡚ኴ㝧㟁ụࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬 Cu2SnS3㸦௨ୗ CTS㸧ࡣᕼᑡඖ⣲ࡸ᭷ẘඖ⣲ࢆྵ ࡲࡎ㸪ᆅ⌫ୖ࡛㇏ᐩᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏳ౯࡞ཎᩱࡽ ࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ H2S ᡂࡾ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ p ᆺⷧ⭷ᮦᩱࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ๓㥑య Ẽ ࡋࡋ㸪⌧ᅾሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ CTS ⷧ⭷ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢ ࣮࣎ࢺ(C) ᭱㧗ኚຠ⋡ࡣ 2.92%1)࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᐇ⏝ࡣ᭦࡞ࡿ ኚຠ⋡ࡢྥୖࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ኚຠ⋡ࢆྥୖࡉ Fig.1 Schematic diagram of sulfurization apparatus. 㸱㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ ࡏࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪㧗ရ㉁࡞ⷧ⭷ࢆᡂ⭷ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏ◊✲ᐊ࡛ࡣࢯ࣮ࢲ࣒ࣛ࢞ࣛࢫ㸦SLG㸧ୖ Mo XRD ࡼࡿ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᶆ‽ࢹ࣮ࢱẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸬 ࢆሁ✚ࡋࡓᇶᯈ㸪◲ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ CTS ⷧ⭷ࢆᡂ Fig.2 400-500Υ㸪60min㸪16Υ/min ࡛⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ ⭷ࡋ㸪◲᮲௳ࡢኚࡼࡿⷧ⭷ࡢ⤌ᡂẚ㸪⤖ᬗ≧ ࡗࡓヨᩱࡢ XRD ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬Fig.2 ࡼࡾ㸪ࡢ ែཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅇస〇ࡋ ヨᩱࡶࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ⨨ࡣࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪CTS ࡓ CTS ⷧ⭷ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢⓎ㟁≉ᛶࡢ ᐃࢆ ࡢᶆ‽ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡰྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪స ⾜࠺ 〇ࡋࡓヨᩱࡣ CTS ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࡇࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ 㸰㸬ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ CTS ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡢࡁ࠸ヨᩱࡀ⇕ฎ⌮ ᗘ 400Υࡢ ࡲࡎ㸪Mo ࡁ SLG ᇶᯈୖ㔠ᒓ㸦Cu㸪Sn㸧ⷧ⭷ ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡲࡓ㸪ࡢヨᩱࡣ␗┦ࡳࡽࢀࡿከ ࢆ┿✵╔ἲࡼࡾᡂ⭷ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ㔠ᒓ๓㥑యࡋ ᩘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸪⇕ฎ⌮ ᗘࡣ ࡓ㸬㔠ᒓ๓㥑యࡢ〇స᮲௳ࡣࣔࣝẚ Cu:Sn=2:1 ࡛ィ 400Υࡀࡼ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ 㔞ࡋ㸪Sn ࢆ╔ࡋࡓᚋ Cu ࢆ╔ࡍࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ๓㥑 Fig.3 ࡣ 400-500Υ㸪60min㸪16Υ/min ࡛⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ యࢆ௨ୗࡢ᪉ἲ࡛◲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࣮࢝࣎ࣥ(C)࣮࣎ ⾜ࡗࡓヨᩱࡢ SEM ࡼࡿ⾲㠃ᙧែ┿࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ࢺୖ๓㥑యࢆ⨨ࡁ㸪ࣄ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢ ᗘࢆ N㸰࢞ࢫࢆ ࢀࡽࡢ┿ࡽ㸪500Υ㸪450Υ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡞⤖ ὶࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⇕ฎ⌮ ᗘࡲ࡛᪼ ࡉࡏࡿ⇕ฎ⌮ ᬗࡀ 400Υ࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪ྠࡌࡁࡉࡢ⤖ᬗࡽ࡛ ᗘ㐩ࡋࡓࡽ㸪H㸰S ࢞ࢫࢆὶࡋ㸪タᐃ㛫◲ࢆ⾜ ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࡲࡓ㸪500Υ࡛ࡣⷧ⭷ᑠࡉ ࠺ຍ⇕ࡍࡿࡇ࡛◲㯤ࡀ๓㥑యᛂࡋ㸪CTS ࡀ ࡞㝽㛫ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ㸬◲ᚋ㸪 ᗘࢆୗࡆࡿ㝿ࡣ N㸰࢞ࢫࢆ EPMA ࡼࡿ⤌ᡂẚࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪Cu/Sn ὶࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㝆 ࡉࡏࡿ◲᮲௳ࡣ㸪⇕ฎ⌮ ᗘ ẚࡀ 400Υ࡛ࡣ 1.79㸪450Υ࡛ࡣ 1.81㸪500Υ࡛ࡣ 2.12 400-500Υ㸪⇕ฎ⌮㛫 60min㸪᪼㝆 ㏿ᗘ 16Υ/min ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪 ᗘቑຍࡶ Cu/Sn ࡋࡓ㸬 ẚࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓCTS ࡢ Cu/Sn ẚࡣ ḟ㸪ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢⓎ㟁ᛶ⬟ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪 1.7~1.91)࡛࠶ࡿࡁࡢኚຠ⋡ࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸࠸࠺ࡇ SLG/Mo ᇶᯈୖࡢ CTS ⷧ⭷ᑐࡋ㸪ࢧࣈࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢺ ࡀศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪S/(Cu+Sn)ẚࡣ 400Υ࡛ࡣ ᆺࡢᵓ㐀㸦SLG/Mo/CTS/CdS/i-ZnO/n-ZnO/Al㸧ࡋ 1.26㸪450Υ࡛ࡣ 1.42㸪500Υ࡛ࡣ 1.23 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦 ᖺ ᭶㸧 - 35 - ⇕ฎ⌮ ᗘ 400Υ࡛◲ࡋࡓ CTS ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢧࣈࢫ (b) ࢺ࣮ࣞࢺᆺᵓ㐀࡛స〇ࡋࡓ CTS ⷧ⭷ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢⓎ 㟁≉ᛶࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪㛤ᨺ㟁ᅽ Voc ࡣ 0.91mV ࡛㸪▷⤡㟁ὶᐦᗘ Isc ࡣ 0.35mA/cm2㸪᭤⥺ᅉᏊ F.F ࡣ 0.257 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᅇᚓࡽࢀࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢ್㧗ຠ ⋡ CIGS ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢࡑࢀࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪Voc㸪Isc ඹ 1 ࡶ‶ࡓ࡞࠸⤖ᯝ࡞ࡾ㸪F.F ࡣ 3 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (c) 400Υ 450Υ Intensity Fig.3 SEM images of samples annealed at 400Υ (a), 450Υ (b) and 500Υ (c). Bar is 5µm. 500Υ 㸲㸬ࡲࡵ ┿✵╔ἲࡼࡾ Cu-Sn ⷧ⭷ࢆᡂ⭷ࡋ㸪H㸰S ࢆ⏝ 2ș° ࠸࡚◲ࢆ⾜࠸ CTS ࢆస〇ࡋ㸪≉ᛶࢆㄪࡓࡲࡓ㸪 Cu2SnS3 ᶆ‽ࢹ࣮ࢱ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶⰋ࠸≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓヨᩱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ⷧ⭷ኴ㝧㟁ụࢆస〇ࡋ㸪ග㟁ኚ≉ᛶࢆ ᐃࡋ ࡓSEM ࡢ⾲㠃ᙧែ┿ࡽ㸪ప ࡛ࡢ◲ࡣ⤖ᬗ ᡂ㛗ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀศࡗࡓ◲ᚋ Fig.2 Comparison of XRD results for samples ࡣ Sn ࡢ㔞ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵ㸪 annealed at various temperatures. ᨵၿࡍࡿࡶ␗┦ࡢ⏕ᡂࢆᢚ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ ࡞࠸ࡲࡓ㸪ᅇࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸⇕ฎ⌮ (a) 㛫㸪᪼㝆 ㏿ᗘࢆኚࡉࡏࡓ᮲௳࡛ࡢ⤖ᬗᡂ㛗ࢆ⾜ ࠸㸪ኴ㝧㟁ụࡢⓎ㟁≉ᛶࡀྥୖࡍࡿ᮲௳ࢆぢฟࡍࡇ ࡀᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ 㸳㸬ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 1) N.Aihara㸪H.Araki㸪A.Takeuchi㸪K.Jimbo㸪and H.Katagiri㸸Phys㸬Status Solidi C 10㸪1086-1092(2013) - 36 - ⇕Ⓨ㟁⣲Ꮚࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ◲㖡ࢫࢬࡢྜᡂ ⯪ۑᘬၨᚿ* ୰ᮧ㔜அ** ὠᒣᕤᴗᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ 㟁Ẽ㟁ᏊᕤᏛ⛉ Synthesis of Cu2SnS3 for Thermoelectric Devices ۑHiroyuki FUNABIKI* and Sigeyuki NAKAMURA** *Tsuyama National College of Technology, 㸬⫼ᬒ Cu2SnS3 ࢆྜᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ Cu2S SnS2 ࢆ 1 :1 (ࣔࣝẚ) ⇕㟁⣲Ꮚࡣᗫ⇕ࢆ㟁Ẽ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡋ࡚⏝࡛ࡁࡿ ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ィ㔞ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ▼ⱥ⟶ᢞධࡋ࡚㸪ࣝࢦ ࡓࡵ㸪㏆ᖺὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⣲Ꮚࡢᛶ⬟ࢆྥୖࡍࡿࡓ ࣥ࢞ࢫࢆὶࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㟁Ẽ⅔࡛ 450 Υ ࡛ 2 㛫㸪750 Υ ࡵࡣ⇕㟁ኚຠ⋡ࢆⰋࡃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡛ 2 㛫ຍ⇕ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ຍ⇕ᚋ㸪CTS ࡢྜᡂ☜ㄆࢆࡍࡿ 2 ⇕㟁⣲Ꮚࡢ↓ḟඖᛶ⬟ᣦᩘ ZT ࡣ ZT = S ȪT/ȡ ⾲ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪S: ࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘ V/K 㸪Ȫ: 㟁Ẽఏ ࡓࡵ XRD ᐃ⤌ᡂẚࡢศᯒࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ EPMA ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ᑟ⋡ S/m 㸪T: ⤯ᑐ ᗘ K 㸪ȡ: ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ W/K ࡛࠶ ྜᡂࡋࡓ CTS ࢆ⢊○ࡋ㸪ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ᨺ㟁↝⤖ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᛶ⬟ᣦᩘ ZT ࢆ㧗ࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪㧗 ࣉࣛࢬ࣐ᨺ㟁↝⤖ (SPS) ἲࡣᶵᲔⓗ࡞ຍᅽࣃࣝࢫ ࠸㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡㸪ప࠸⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪㟁 ㏻㟁ຍ⇕ࡼࡗ࡚⿕ຍᕤ≀ࡢ↝⤖࣭᥋ྜ࣭ྜᡂࢆ⾜࠺ຍ Ẽఏᑟ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸≀㉁ࡣ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࡶ㧗࠸㸬⇕㟁ᮦᩱࡋ࡚ ᕤἲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࣃࣝࢫ㏻㟁ຍ⇕ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛㸪⢭ᐦࡘ㧗 ࡢ⌮ࡣ phonon-glass-electron-crystal (PGEC)ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ᐦᗘࡢ↝⤖యࡢస〇ࡀᐜ᫆࡞ࡿ㸬 Fig. 1 SPS ἲࡼ ࡿ㸬ࢩࣜࢥࣥࡣࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘࡀ㧗࠸ࡀ㸪ሀࡃつ๎ⓗ࡞ ࡿ↝⤖᮲௳ࡢ୍ࢆ♧ࡍ㸬Fig. 1 ࡼࡾ≀㉁ࢆ 500 Υ ᱁Ꮚࢆᣢࡘࡓࡵ㸪㠀ᖖ㧗࠸⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ ㏆ࡲ࡛ຍ⇕ࡋࡓࡁ≀㉁ࡢኚࡀቑຍࡍࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ ࡚⇕㟁ᛶ⬟ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸㸬୍⯡㸪ᵓ㐀ཎᏊࢆከඖ ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ≀㉁ࡣ 500 Υ ㏆ࡽ࡛↝⤖ࡀ㛤ጞࡍࡿ㸬 ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㸯㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻᵝ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࢆ ᣢࡘ⣲Ꮚᮦᩱࡋ࡚㸪Cu2SnS3 (CTS)╔┠ࡋࡓ㸬⌧ᅾ ࡢ⇕㟁Ⓨ㟁⣲Ꮚࡣࢸࣝࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀὶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ ࡋ㸪ࢸࣝࣝࡣ⏕యẘᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪㈨※㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪 㔞⏕⏘ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬୍᪉㸪CTS ࡣ㈨※ࡀ㇏ᐩ࡛↓ᐖ࡞ Tenpeature Υ ᢚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࢆపࡃࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ 900 1.8 600 1.2 300 0.6 0 0 500 㖡㸪ࢫࢬ㸪◲㯤ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵᏳ౯࡛Ᏻ࡞⇕㟁⣲ 1000 Time s Displacement mm ࡍࡿ⤖ᬗᵓ㐀ࡀ」㞧࡞ࡾ㸪⤖ᯝࡋ࡚᱁Ꮚືࢆ 0.0 1500 Fig. 1 Stintering Condition Ꮚࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪p ᆺ༙ᑟయ࡛࠶ࡿ CTS ࡢ స〇ࢆ⾜࠸㸪n ᆺࡢ Mg2Si ⇕Ⓨ㟁⣲Ꮚࡢȧᆺ⇕Ⓨ㟁ࢆ ↝⤖ࡋࡓ⇕㟁⣲Ꮚࢆ⇕㟁≉ᛶホ౯⨨ (ZEM-3) ࡛ホ ᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪Ⓨ㟁ຠ⋡ࢆୖࡆࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ ౯ࡋࡓ㸬㟁Ẽᢠࢆᅄ➃Ꮚἲࡼࡾ㸪ࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘࡣ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ㈨ᩱࢆຍ⇕ࡋ㸪⣲Ꮚෆࡢ ᗘᕪⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ㉳㟁ຊࡽ ᅇࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ࡢ㔞⏘ࢆど㔝⡆༢ྜᡂྍ⬟࡞᪉ἲ ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘࡣ S = dE / ( T2 – T1 ) ⾲ࡉࢀ ࡋ࡚ඖྜ≀ࡽࡢ CTS ࡢྜᡂࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡉࡽ ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪S ࡣࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘ㸪dE V ࡣ㉳㟁ຊ㸪T2-T1 ྜᡂࡋࡓྜ≀ࡢⓎ㟁≉ᛶࡢ ᐃࡶ┠ⓗࡋࡓ㸬 K ࡣ ᗘᕪ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㸬ᐇ㦂 㸬 ᐃ⤖ᯝ ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 37 - Fig3 ↝⤖ࡋࡓ CTS ࡢ⇕Ⓨ㟁≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡽࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘࡣ 400~500 Υ ࡛㧗࠸ࡓࡵ㸪CTS ࡣ 400~500 Υ ࡢ㛫࡛ࡢⓎ㟁㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 ᐃ Intensity ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㟁Ẽᑟ㟁⋡ࡀ㠀ᖖᑠࡉ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ZT ࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ ࠸㸬㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡ࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿཎᅉࡣὶࢀࡿ㟁ὶࡀ୍ᐃࡔ ௬ᐃࡍࡿ㸪ࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘࡀቑຍࡋࡓࡁ㸪࣮࣒࢜ ࡢἲ๎ࡼࡾᢠ್ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿ㸬 㸬ࡲࡵ ᐇ㦂ࡽඖྜ≀ࡼࡿ Cu2SnS3 ࡢྜ࠾ࡼࡧ↝ Fig.2 XRD result ⤖㸪Ⓨ㟁≉ᛶࡢ ᐃᡂຌࡋࡓ㸬↝⤖యࡢ⤌ᡂẚࡣ Cu : Fig. 2 ྜᡂࡋࡓ CTS ࡢ XRD ࡼࡿࣆ࣮ࢡᙉᗘ ᐃ Sn: S=1.66: 1:2.87 ࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮫ㔞ㄽẚẚ Cu Sn ࡀ ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰ࡢ Measured data ࡣ CTS ࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡛ ῶᑡࡋࡓせᅉࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ཎᅉࡢゎ᫂ࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせ Standard data ࡣ Cu2SnS3 ࡢᶆ‽ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗࡢᶆ‽ ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬⇕Ⓨ㟁≉ᛶࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࢮ࣮࣋ࢵࢡಀᩘࡀ᭱ࡶⰋ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡰ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࠸ ᗘ㡿ᇦࡣ 400~500 ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ ᗘ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪 ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྜᡂ≀ࡣ Cu2SnS3 ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡ࡀప࠸ࡓࡵ㸪⌧≧࡛ࡣࣃ࣮࣡ࣇ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡢ CTS ࡢస〇ࡣᡂຌࡋࡓ࠸࠼ࡿ㸬 ࢡࢱ࣮ࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞࠸㸬⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࡢ ᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓ Table1 EPMA ࡢᐃ㔞ศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢ⤌ ࡵ㸪ᛶ⬟ᣦᩘ ZT ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬ᩥ⊩್ 2 ࢆཧ⪃ࡍࡿ ᡂẚࡣ Sn: Cu: Sn: S=1.66:1: 2.87 ࡞ࡿ㸬Ꮫ㔞ㄽẚࡣ ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ȡࡣ 1.25 W/K ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝ Cu: Sn: S=2:1: 3 ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ㔞ㄽẚẚ㸪Cu S ࠸ࡓ CTS ࡶྠ⛬ᗘࡢ⇕ఏᑟ⋡ࢆᣢࡘ௬ᐃࡍࡿ㸪 ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬Cu2S ࡢ⼥Ⅼࡣ SnS2 ࡼࡾ ZT=0.0377 ࡞ࡿ㸬ᩥ⊩್ࡢ ZT ࡣ 0.45 ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᐃ್ 㧗࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ῶᑡࡋࡓཎᅉࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬 ᩥ⊩್࡛ 1 ᱆௨ୖࡢᛶ⬟ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡓ ࡵ㸪㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡ࡢቑຍࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬㟁Ẽఏᑟ⋡ Table.1 SEM results ࢆྥୖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Cu ࡢ⤌ᡂࢆቑຍࡋ࡚ CTS ࡢస〇ࢆ Molar Ratio % ヨࡳࡿ㸬 Cu Sn S ᐃ್ 30 18 52 Ꮫ㔞ㄽẚ 33 17 52 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (1) X㸬Shi㸪L㸬Xi㸪J㸬Fan㸪W㸬Zhang㸪and L㸬Chen㸸Chem㸬 Mater㸬2010㸪22㸪6029-6031. Seebeck coeffcient Electrical conductivity (2) L㸬Xi㸪Y㸬B㸬Shi㸪J㸬Yang㸪X㸬Shi㸪L㸬D㸬Chen㸪 800 Seebeck coeffcient ȝv/k Electrical conductivity S/m and W㸬Zhang㸸PHYSICAL REVIEW B 86㸪155201㸦2012㸧 600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 Temp Υ Fig.3 Thermoelectric performance - 38 - ࠫࠦࡦࡏ࠻ࠍߞߚⵍἴ㧔ፉ⋵᧻Ꮉᶆ㧕↪ ḓᴧࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ ٤ጤᧁఝ(ᵤጊ㜞ኾ) ⚦⼱▸(ᵤጊ㜞ኾ) 㓉৻㇢(㣮ఽፉᄢቇ) Development of an Underwater Monitoring Equipment Using RC Boat and Demonstration Test in Matsukawaura ٤Masaru IWAKI*1 Kazunori HOSOTANI*1 Ryuichiro NISHI*2 *1 Tsuyama National College of Technology, *2 Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University 㧝㧚ߪߓߦ Table 1 Specification of the monitoring equipment ᧲ർᣇᴪጯߦ߅ߡ㧘᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴᓟߩ᳓↥ ⵝ ⟎ ᭽ RC ࡏ࠻ ੩,EP ࠷ࠗࡦࠬ࠻ࡓ 800VE ࠺ࠖ࠶ ࠻㧔ో㐳 935mm㧕 ፉ⋵ߩẟḓߢࠆ᧻Ꮉᶆߢߪᵤᵄߦࠃߞߡ⍾߇ ࠞࡔ PENTAX,Optin WG-1 GPS 115.5×58.5×28.5mm,167g ၸⓍߒ㧘߹ߚᴪጯ⍾Ꮊߩ৻ㇱ߇ಾࠇࠆߥߤᶏᐩᒻ߇ ࡓࡆࠞࡔ ᳓᷷ࡠࠟ 㝼⟲ត⍮ᯏ GPS ࡠࠟ ⾗Ḯߩ࿁ᓳߦߌߚข⚵ߺ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆ㧚ᶏ⧡߿ ߐࠅߩṪ႐ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇ㧘߹ߚ᥊ൎߣߒߡ߽ฬߥ એ೨ߣᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒߚ㧚᳓↥⾗Ḯߩ࿁ᓳߦะߌߡ⥄ᴦ ߿ᄢቇ╬ߦࠃࠆ⛮⛯⊛ߥ⺞ᩏ߇ⴕࠊࠇ㧘⹜㛎ᠲᬺߦ ࠃࠆࠨࡦࡊ࡞⺞ᩏߩઁ㧘ᵹᴫ߿ᶏᐩᒻ㧘ၸⓍ⍾ߩ ☸ᐲ⚵ᚑ㧘ᩕ㙃Ⴎ㘃ߩᢔ⁁ᴫ╬ߩ᷹㊂⺞ᩏߣⅣႺ⺞ RC ࡃ࠶࠹ Oregon, AT18-08, 22×25×9.5cm, 1.2kg GRAPHTEC,midi LOGGER GL10-TK LUCKY, FFW1108-1, 0.6㨪40m (᷹ᷓน) RoHS, GT-600 YOKOMO, YB-S392 7.2V Ni-MH ࡃ࠶࠹3900mAh, 411g ᩏ߇ߥߐࠇߡࠆ㧚ߎߩ᧻Ꮉᶆߪẟߩోၞߦࠊߚߞߡ ᳓ᷓ߇ 2m ⒟ᐲߣᵻߚࠕࡑࡕߥߤߩᶏ⮺ߩ❥⨃ ⁁ᴫߪᱠߡ⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘᳓ᷓ߇ᵻ ߔ߉ࠆߚߦ⺞ᩏ⦁߇ㅴߢ߈ߥ႐ᚲ߽ᄙࠅޘ㧘 ߣࠅࠊߌ⍾ߩၸⓍ߇ᄢ߈⍾Ꮊ߿ᵹᴡᎹߩᴡญઃ ㄭߢߪᕆߦᷓߊߥࠆ႐ᚲ߽ࠆߚᵈᗧࠍⷐߔࠆ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪߎ߁ߒߚᭂᵻᶏၞߩ᳓ਛߩ᭽ሶࠍ⺞ߴ ࠆߚߩⵝ⟎ߣߒߡૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ⺕ߦߢ߽ᛒ߃ࠆࡕ࠾ ࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡଔߥή✢ᠲ❑ߩࡏ࠻㧔એ ᓟ RC ࡏ࠻ߣ⒓ߔࠆ㧕ࠍ↪ߡ㧘᳓ਛᓇ߿◲ᤃ Ԙࠫࠦࡦࡏ࠻ԙ᷹ቯㇱԚࡓࡆࠞࡔ ߥ᷹ᷓ㧘᳓᷷ಽᏓߩ᷹ቯ㧘ណ᳓ߥߤ߇น⢻ߥࡕ࠾࠲ Fig.1 Developed monitoring equipment ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ࠍ⹜ߒߚ㧚ߘߒߡ᧻Ꮉᶆߦ߅ߡ⹜ߒߚ 㧟㧚ࡊ࡞ߢߩ⥶ᕈ⢻⹜㛎 ᠲ⥽ᕈ ࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߩታ⸽⹜㛎ࠍታᣉߒߚ㧚 ߢߩታ⸽⹜㛎ߦవߛߞߡᩞౝߩ 25m ࡊ࡞ߢ⥶ 㧞㧚⹜ߒߚࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ ή✢ᠲ❑ᑼߩⅣႺ⺞ᩏᯏེߪߔߢߦߊߟ߆⽼ᄁ ᕈ⢻⹜㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ᧄ⦁ߩ㐿⊒ᒰೋ㧘RC ࡏ࠻ߩᠲ❑ߪ ߐࠇߡࠆ߇㧘㕖Ᏹߦ㜞ଔߥߚォⷒߩෂ㒾߇ࠆࠃ ࠕࡦࡊߩࠢࠬ࠲࡞ࠍ⛔৻ߒߡ৻ߟߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠߢ ߁ߥ႐ߦᛩߔࠆߎߣ߇ߚࠄࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ ੑߟߩ⦁ߩ࠳ࠍᠲߔࠆᣇᑼࠍߣߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ ⓥߢ㐿⊒ߔࠆࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߪଔߢ◲නߦ⚵ߺ ࠄᣓ࿁ඨᓘ߇ 3m ㄭߊ߹ߢᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߆ࠄ, ┙ߡߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦᏒ⽼ߩ RC ࡏ࠻㧔ో㐳 93.5cm㧕 ࠕࡦࡊߩࠢࠬ࠲࡞ࠍᏀฝߩࡏ࠻ߢ⁛┙ߐߖ㧘Ꮐฝߩ ࠍ↪ߒߚ.ⵝ⟎ߩ᭽ߣᄖⷰࠍ 1 ߮࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ㧚 ࡏ࠻ߩផജࡃࡦࠬߦࠃߞߡࡏ࠻ߩᣓ࿁ߐߖࠆߎߣ ⦁ߪ᷹ቯᯏེߩ㊀㊂ߦࠃࠆᶋജਇ⿷ߣំࠇߦࠃ ߣߒߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ᦨዊᣓ࿁ඨᓘߪ 1m એౝߣߥࠅ㧘ᯏേ ࠆᓇ↹ߩࡉߦኻᔕߔࠆߚੑบߩ RC ࡏ࠻ ᕈ߇ᩰᲑߦะߒߚ㧚 ࠍ⢵⦁⁁ߦធ⛯ߒߚ⦁᭴ㅧߣߒߚ㧚ੑᰴర⠢ᒻ⁁ ᳓ਛᓇߣ◲නߥ㝼តߦࠃࠆ᷹ᷓ ߩ᷹ቯㇱ㧔Fig1,ԙ㧕ߪㅘߥࠕࠢ࡞᧼ߢࠅ㧘 ᷹ቯㇱߦタߒߚ㒐᳓ࡓࡆࠞࡔ߿ࠗࡦ࠲ࡃ࡞ タߒߚࠞࡔߩᠲ߿⣕⌕߇ኈᤃߦߥࠆࠃ߁Ꮏᄦ ࠞࡔߦࠃࠆᓇ↹ߩᬌ⸽ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚߹ߚ૬ߖߡ GPS ࠍᣉߒߡࠆ㧚╲ౝߦߪࠞࡔ߿᳓᷷⸘㧘GPS ࡠ ࡠࠟߦࠃࠆ⥶゠〔ߩ࠺࠲ߩขᓧ߽ⴕߞߚ㧚 ߪߓߦ᳓ਛേ↹ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ࡏ࠻ߩേំߦࠃࠅ↹ ࠟߥߤߩ᷹ቯེ߇タߐࠇࠆ㧚 ߩੂࠇ߇↢ߓࠆߎߣ߆ࠄᓇᤨߩ⦁ㅦߪ 1knot ᧂḩߩ ⸘᷹⥄േᓮቇળਛ࿖ᡰㇱᵤጊ⸘᷹ᓮ⎇ⓥળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸 ᐕ ᣣ - 39 - ࠁߞߊࠅߣߒߚേ߈ߦߔߴ߈ߢࠆߎߣ߇ߐࠇߚ㧚 ⺞ᩏߪᐔᚑ 25 ᐕ 11 6 ᣣߦ㣮ఽፉᄢቇߣߩห⺞ᩏߣ ⦁ࠍ⢵⦁ߦߒߚߚ㕒Ⓩߥ᳓㕙ߢߪᄢ߈ߥࡇ࠶࠴ࡦ ߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚ㧚ᒰᣣߪᄢầߩᣣߢࠅ㧘ᄤߪᔟ᥍㧘᳇ ࠣ߿ࡠࡦࠣ߇↢ߓߕ㧘⦟ᅢߥ↹߇ขᓧߢ߈ߚ㧚ᰴ ᷷ 17͠㧘ධ᧲ߩ㘑 1.9㨙ߢߞߚ㧚᳓ਛേ↹ߩߣ᳓᷷ಽ ߦ㝼⟲ត⍮ᯏࠍߞߚ᳓᷹ᷓቯߢߪ㧘ࡊ࡞ߩ᳓ᷓ㧔1.5 Ꮣࠍ࿑ 3 ߮࿑ 4 ߦ␜ߔ㧚࿑ 3 ߦߪᴡᎹࠍ㆚ߔࠆ㞱ߩ 㨙㧕ࠍ᷹ቯߢ߈ߚ߽ߩߩ㧘ᦜ⥶ᤨߩࡦࠨߩേំߦࠃ ᆫ߇ᤋߞߡࠆ㧔11 ߪ㞱ߩ↥ෆᦼߢࠅ㧘ᄙߊߩ㞱߇ ࠅ 1m㨪40m ߩ⺋ߞߚ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔࠆߎߣ߽ߞߚ㧚ࡏ ㆚ߒߡߚ㧕 㧚৻ᣇ㧘᳓ᷓ߇ 2m એߩ႐ᚲߢߪ᳓ߩㅘ ࠻ߩേំ߇ᄢ߈႐᳓ၞߢߪࠃࠅࠛ߇ᄙߊߥࠆߣ ᐲ߽⦟ᅢߢߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄᶏᐩ㕙ࠍࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ ផ᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧚ᦨᓟߦ GPS ࡠࠟߦࠃࠆ゠〔ߛ߇㧘25m ྾ ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚࿑ 4 ߪቝᄙᎹᴡญઃㄭߩጀ᳓᷷ಽᏓߣ⥶〔 ᣇߩ⁜ࡊ࡞ߢߪḩ⿷ߥ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ߎߩ ࠍ㊀ߨวࠊߖߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪߜࠂ߁ߤ᳓᷷ߩૐ ߚ㧘゠〔ࠍߣࠆߦߪᢙ⊖ m ߩᵴേ▸࿐߇ᔅⷐߢࠆ㧚 ᴡᎹ᳓ߣẟౝߩᶏ᳓߇ᷙวߔࠆ႐ᚲߢࠆ߇㧘ᴡᎹ ᵹ㧔Ꮐ㧕ߣᴪጯ߿ẟౝߣߦ㧝͠⒟ᐲߩᏅ߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚 㧠㧚ፉ⋵᧻Ꮉᶆߢߩታ⸽⹜㛎 ᧻Ꮉᶆߦߟߡ 㝼តࠍ↪ߚ᷹ᷓߦߟߡߪ㧘႐ᶏၞߩᵄߦࠃࠆേំ ߩߚ㧘ା㗬ᕈߩ㜞࠺࠲ߪขᓧߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚 ᧻Ꮉᶆߪፉ⋵⋧㚍Ꮢߦ⟎ߔࠆẟḓߢࠆ㧔࿑ 2㧕 㧚 ධർ⚂ 5km,᧲ 1km ߩ᳓ၞߣ,ḓญઃㄭ߆ࠄߔߋߦ ධർ⚂ 0.5km,᧲ߦ⚂ 1.5km ߩ᳓ၞ߇ធ⛯ߒߚᒻ⁁ߩ᳓ ၞߢࠆ㧚᳓ၞ㕙Ⓧߪ 7.38k ট,ᐔဋ᳓ᷓߪ 1m,ḓญㇱߪᦨ ᷓㇱߢ 5.5㨙ߢࠅ㧘ቝᄙᎹ,ዊᴰᎹ,ᣣਅ⍹ᎹߥߤߩᴡᎹ ߇ᵹߒߡࠆ㧚ᵻߊ⍾⾰ߩᶏᐩࠍߒ㧘ᴡᎹ߆ࠄߩᩕ 㙃Ⴎߣ᷆᳓ߩଏ⛎߇ࠆⅣႺ߆ࠄ᧻Ꮉᶆߢߪᶏ⧡߿ࠕࠨ ߩ㙃ᱺ߇⋓ࠎߢ,ፉ⋵ߩ㊀ⷐߥ᳓↥Ṫ႐߆ߟṪᬺၮ Fig. 3 One scene under water (salmon has taken) ߦߥߞߡࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘᧲ᣣᧄᄢ㔡ἴߩᵤᵄߦࠃ ࠆᒻ߿ၸⓍ⍾ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠅ↢ᘒ♽߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߔࠆ ߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ᕈ‛⾰ߩᵹߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀߇⛯ߡࠆ㧚 ߢߪ⥄ᴦࠍਛᔃߦ᳓↥⾗Ḯߩ࿁ᓳߣ᳓↥ᬺߩᓳ⥝ ߦߌߡߩ⺞ᩏᵴേ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆ㧚 ⥋䊶บᏒ ፉ⋵ ⋧㚍Ꮢ ዊᴰᎹ ቝ↰Ꮉ Fig. 4 Temperature distribution around estuary ᷹ⷰ▸࿐ 㧡㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ᄥᐔᵗ ᧄႎ๔ߢߪ,ૐࠦࠬ࠻ߢ◲නߦᠲߢ߈ࠆࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣ ⵝ⟎ࠍ⹜ߒ㧘ⵍἴߦ߅ߡታ⸽⹜㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ߎߩ ⚿ᨐ㧘RC ࡏ࠻ࠍ↪ߚࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߪᴪጯၞߩ㒢 ⥋䊶ධ⋧㚍Ꮢ ࠄࠇߚ▸࿐ߢࠆ߇㧘ࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣ߇น⢻ߢࠆߎߣ߇ ⏕ߐࠇߚ㧚 Fig. 2 Matsukawaura 4% ࡏ࠻ࠍ↪ߚታ⸽⹜㛎 ⻢ ㄉ ታ⸽⹜㛎ߪᓟߩ᧻Ꮉᶆߩ᳓⾰ⅣႺࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣߦ⾗ ᧄ⎇ⓥߦ㓙ߒ㧘႐⺞ᩏߩࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߥࠄ߮ߦ᳓↥ᓳ⥝ߩขࠅ ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߩࠆ᳓ၞߣߒߡ㧘᧻ᎹᶆߩቝᄙᎹᴡญၞߢ ⚵ߺߦߟߡߒߊᢎ߃ߡਅߐߞߚፉ⋵᳓↥⹜㛎႐⋧㚍ᡰ႐ ⴕߞߚ㧚ቝᄙᎹߪ᷆᳓ߣ㒽ၞ߆ࠄߩᩕ㙃Ⴎ㘃ߩଏ⛎Ḯߢ ߩ⊝᭽ߦᗵ⻢ߚߒ߹ߔ㧚 ࠅ㧘ⴕࠊࠇߡࠆ GIS ࡑ࠶ࡊ⺞ᩏߩઁ㧘᳓⾰ⅣႺ ߩᢙ୯ࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦߩၮ␆࠺࠲ߣߥࠅ߁ࠆ㧚⹜㛎 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ⥶ⴕߢߪ᳓᷷ಽᏓ㧘᳓ᷓ㧘᳓ਛേ↹ߩ࠺࠲ࠍขᓧߔࠆ 1)ᶗ㇌ᶈ, ጊ੨৻, 㣔ፒ⟵, ጤፒ㜞⾗, 㓉৻㇢, ᣣ㜞ᱜᐽ, ጊਅༀ, ߎߣߢࡕ࠾࠲ࡦࠣⵝ⟎ߣߒߡߩ↪ᕈࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚ㧚 ፉ⋵᧻Ꮉᶆߩ᳓↥ᬺᓳ⥝߅ࠃ߮ⅣႺ⺞ᩏߦ㑐ߔࠆห⎇ⓥ,50pp, 2012. - 40 - ⟲㝼ࠍ߹ߨߚ㜞ല₸ផㅴᯏ᭴ߩ⹜ ٤የ㜞⋥ੱ ⍹⾆ਯ ⚦⼱▸ ᵤጊᎿᬺ㜞╬ኾ㐷ቇᩞ Development of a novel underwater propulsor like a fish group ٤Naoto ODAKA* Takayuki ISHII Kazunori HOSOTANI* *Tsuyama National College of Technology, Numa 624-1, Tsuyama, Okayama, Japan ౕࠍਗ߹ߚߪජ㠽㈩⟎ߦ࿕ቯߒߡㆆᵒߐߖ㝼 㑆㓒ߣផㅴㅦᐲߣߩ㑐ଥࠍታ㛎⊛ߦ⺞ߴߚ㧚⛯ ߡᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘↰ਛࠄ 4)ߩ⸘▚ߣ㘃ૃߒߚታᯏߦࠃ ࠆ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ߚ㧘ੑᰴర⠢ᒻߩ㝼ဳផㅴᯏ᭴ ߩ⹜ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚 ߪߓߦ ᴪጯၞߥߤߩ⺞ᩏߦ↪ࠄࠇࠆ᳓ਛࡠࡏ࠶࠻߿ ዊဳ⦁⥾ߩផㅴᯏ᭴ߦߪਥߦࠬࠢࡘ߇↪ࠄ ࠇߡࠆ߇㧘ᭂᵻᶏၞߦ߅ߡㆇ↪ߔࠆ㓙㧘ᶏᐩ ߿ጤ␂ߣߩធ⸅ߦࠃࠆ⎕៊߿ṫ⌕ࠧࡒ߿ࠕࡑࡕߥ ߤߩᶏ⮺㘃ߩ⇣‛ߩᏎ߈ㄟߺ߇ᔃ㈩ߐࠇࠆ㧚 ㄭᐕ㧘ోߢᭂᵻᶏၞߢ߽ㆇ↪߇น⢻ߥផㅴᯏ ᭴ߣߒߡ㝼㘃ߩࡅࠍ⌀ૃߚផㅴᯏ᭴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ ⓥ߇ᄙߊߥߐࠇߡࠆ 1)㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄࡅ߇ᓔᓳ ㆇേߔࠆ㝼ဳផㅴᯏ᭴ߩផㅴല₸ߪ㜞ㅦߦ࿁ォㆇ േߔࠆࠬࠢࡘߦߪ߫ߥߎߣߦട߃㧘⢵ ߦ↢ߓࠆ࡛ࠗࡦࠣ߹ߚߪࡇ࠶࠴ࡦ߽ࠣ㗴ߣߥ ࠆ 1)㧚ߘߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘㝼ဳផㅴེࠍ 2 บਗߦ ㈩⟎ߒ㧘⢵ߩំࠇ߇ᛥ߃ࠄࠇ㧘ߐࠄߦᓟᵹߦ⊒ ↢ߔࠆ᷵႐ߩᓮߦࠃࠆផㅴല₸ߩ࿑ࠆផㅴᯏ᭴ ߩ㐿⊒ࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧚 㝼ဳࡠࡏ࠶࠻ౕࠍ↪ߚㆆᵒㅦᐲ⹜㛎 ⟲ࠇࠍߥߒߡᵒߋ㝼ߩផㅴജ 㐳〒㔌ࠍ㘧߱ᷰࠅ㠽߿⥶ⓨᯏߪ೨ߩ㠽߿⥶ⓨ ᯏߦࠃߞߡࠅߐࠇࠆᵹࠇࠍ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢࠛ ࡀ࡞ࠡߩᶖ⾌ࠍᛥ߃ߡࠆ㧚৻ᣇߢ㧘㝼㘃ߪᵒ ߋ㓙ߦ⟲ࠇࠍߥߐߥߣ⸒ࠊࠇߡࠆ 2)߇㧘㝼ࡠࡏ ࠶࠻ߣ↢߈ߚ㝼ࠍ↪ߚㆆᵒታ㛎 3)ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘㑆㓒 ߩ⁜᳓〝ౝߢߪ㝼ߪජ㠽㈩⟎⁁ߦ㈩⟎ߔࠆࠃ߁ ߦㆆᵒߔࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚߹ߚ↰ਛࠄ 4) ߪ㧘ᢙ୯ࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↪ߡੑᰴర⠢ᒻߩ 㝼⟲ߩᓟᵹߩࡄ࠲ࡦߣផജ᛫ജଥᢙࠍ⸘▚ߒ㧘 㝼㑆㓒 S ࠍ㐳 L ߢഀߞߚήᰴరᢙ S/L ߇ 1, ข ࠅઃߌ B ࠍ㐳 L ߢഀߞߚήᰴరᢙ B/L ߇ 0.3 ߢࠆ᧦ઙߢ㧘න⁛ߩࠤࠬߦᲧߴ 2 ߣ߽ߦㆇ േല₸߇ะߔࠆߎߣࠍႎ๔ߒߡࠆ㧚৻ᣇߢ S/L ߇ 0 ߩࠤࠬ㧔ᐔⴕߦᵒߋ႐ว㧕ߩផജߪㅒߦᷫ ዋߒ㧘න⁛㝼ߦᲧߴ 10%߶ߤૐਅߔࠆ⚿ᨐ߽૬ߖ ߡ␜ߒߡࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߦਗ㝼ߩ㑆㓒ߣࡅߩ ᦼ⊛㚟േߦ߁⋧Ꮕ߇ផജߦᄢ߈ߊነਈߒߡ ߅ࠅ㧘ᓟᵹߩᵹࠇ႐߇ផജߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ㕖Ᏹ ߦ⥝ᷓ⽎ߪ㝼ဳߩࡅផㅴᯏߩផㅴല₸ࠍ ะߐߖ㧘⦁⥾߿ AUV ߥߤߩផㅴᯏ᭴ߦᔕ↪ߢ߈ ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄਗ㝼ߩ ផㅴ․ᕈࠍታᯏߢᬌ⸽ߒߚߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ㧚ߘ ߎߢᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ߪߓߦᏒ⽼ߩ㝼ဳࡠࡏ࠶࠻ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪᏒ⽼ߐࠇߡࠆ㝼ဳߩࡠࡏ࠶࠻ౕ ࠍਗ߹ߚߪජ㠽⁁ߦ࿕ቯߒ㧘㝼㑆㓒ߦ߁ㆆ ᵒㅦᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߒ㧘න⁛㝼ߢᵒߋ႐วߣߩᲧセࠍⴕ ߞߚ㧚ࡠࡏ࠶࠻ߩ᭽ߣታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩⷐࠍ ߅ ࠃ߮࿑ ߮࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚↪ߒߚ Robo-fish ߪࠕ ࠫဳߩ㝼ᒻ⁁ࠍߥߒ㧘㔚⏛⍹ࠍ↪ߡࠪࠦࡦ ࡃߩየ߮ࠇࠍᏀฝߦ㚟േߔࠆ㧚የ߮ࠇߩ৻ ᝄࠅߢ᷵߇⊒↢ߔࠆߣቯߒߡㆆᵒേᢙ㧔Ns=v/Lf, v:ㅦᐲ, L:ో㐳, f:ᝄേᢙ㧕ࠍ⸘▚ߔࠆߣ Ns=0.2 ߢ ߞߚ㧚2 ߩ㝼ࡠࡏ࠶࠻ߪછᗧߩ S㧘㝼㑆㓒 B ߦ⸳ቯߢ߈㧘߹ߚ㝼㑆㓒ߩᄌᦝߦ߁㊀ᔃ⟎ ߿ࡃࡦࠬࠍᢛℂߔࠆߚෘߐ 5 চߩࠬ࠴ࡦࡏ ࠼ߩࡈࡠ࠻ࠍઃߌߚ㧚ផㅴㅦᐲߩ⸘᷹ߪ㐳 ߐ 31.5cm, 24.5cm, ᷓߐ 4cm ߩ᳓ᮏౝࠍㆆᵒߔ ࠆࡠࡏ࠶࠻ࠍ 60fps ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ࠞࡔߩേ↹ߢᓇ ߒ㧘ขᓧ↹߆ࠄ㝼ߩ⟎ࠍᓧߚ㧚 Table1 Specification of “Robo-fish” ຠฬ ో㐳㧔.㧕 EO የ߮ࠇ㕙Ⓧ EO የ߮ࠇᝄࠇⷺᐲ q ㆆᵒേᢙ㧔0㨟㧕 ࠬ࠻ࡠࡂ࡞ᢙ㧔5V㧕 㚟േᵄᢙ㧔㨒㧕 Fig. 1 Fish arrangement _________________________________________________________________________ ⸘᷹⥄േᓮቇળਛ࿖ᡰㇱᵤጊ⸘᷹ᓮ⎇ⓥળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸㧔2013 ᐕ 2 1 ᣣ㧕 - 41 - ࠲ࠞ࠻ࡒࡠࡏࡈࠖ࠶ࠪࡘ *\ Fig. 2 Swimming scene of the fish ᓇߐࠇߚേ↹ࠃࠅ᳞ߚ㝼ࡠࡏ࠶࠻ߩ゠〔ߩ ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚ߎࠇߪ B=3.0㧘S=1.5 ߩࠤࠬߣ B=3.0㧘S=2.0 ߩࠤࠬߢࠆ߇㧘߅߅ߨ⋥✢⊛ ߦㆆᵒߒߡࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚ฦ㝼㑆㓒ߩࠤࠬߦ ࠃࠆᐔဋߩㆆᵒㅦᐲࠍ ߦ␜ߔ㧚1 ߩࠤࠬ 㧔8.49cm/s㧕ߦᲧߴ㧘B=1.5㧘S=2.0 ߿ B=2.0㧘S=3.0 ߩㆆᵒㅦᐲߪ 1 ߩࠤࠬࠃࠅ߽ㆆᵒㅦᐲ߇ᄢ߈ ߊ㧘ජ㠽㈩⟎߇㜞ㅦൻߦነਈߒߡࠆߎߣ߇⏕ ߐࠇߚ㧚 ࠃࠅㆆᵒㅦᐲߣ㝼㑆㓒ߩ㑆ߦߪⷙ ೣ⊛ߥᴺೣᕈߪࠄࠇߥ߇㧘◲නߥนⷞൻታ㛎 ࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘㝼ߩࠆ᷵႐߇ᓇ㗀ߒߡࠆ ߎߣࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘ㆆᵒㅦᐲ߇ᄢ߈ ࠤࠬߪ 2 ߩ㝼߇ࠅߔ᷵߇ᐓᷤߖߕ᷵ ࠍᒻᚑߒ㧘᷵ߦࠃࠆ⽶႐߇ᓟᣇߦะ߆߁ᵹࠇࠍ ⺃ߐࠇߚน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆ㧚 ࠢ࡞ߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘4 ߟߩࠡࠕߦࠃࠆㆇേ ࠍ 4 ߟߩዊဳࠬࠗ࠼࡞ߦࠃࠆᓔᓳㆇേߦᄌ ឵ߒߡ㝼ߩᓔᓳㆇേࠍౣߒߚ㧚 ଏ⹜㝼ߣߒߡᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ࿑ ߩ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ㝼 ࠍ⹜ߒߚ㧚㝼 A ߪ⊒ᵃࠬ࠴ࡠ࡞ߢ㝼ߩ⢵ ࡄ࠷ࠍߒ㧘㑐▵ߦࠬ࠻࠶ࠠࡦࠣߩࠧࡓࠍ ↪ߒߚ㧚የ߮ࠇㇱߪࡊ᧼ࠍ↪ߒߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘 㝼 B ߪ㝼㑆ࠍ 1cm㧘㐳ߐ 2cm ߩࠧࡓ᧼ߢធ ⌕ߒ㧘የ߮ࠇㇱ߽⊒ᵃࠬ࠴ࡠ࡞ߢߒߡࠆ㧚 (1)㝼 A (2)㝼 B Fig.5 Prototypes of fish like bodies ផജታ㛎 ⹜ߒߚ㝼ផㅴᯏߩផജࠍᛠីߔࠆߚߦ㧘 න⁛㝼ࠍ߅ࠃߘ 2Hz ߢ㚟േߒ㧘߫ߨ᷹ࠅ(10N)ࠍ ↪ߡ⊒↢ផജࠍ⺞ߴߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㝼ផㅴ ᯏߪ೨ᣇߦㅴ߽߁ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߩផജߪ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐ ߊ㧘߫ߨ᷹ࠅߢߩ⸘᷹ߪਇน⢻ߢߞߚ㧚߫ߨ᷹ ࠅࠍขࠅᄖߒߡ㝼ߩㅦᐲࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘 㝼 A ߩ 2.5V ߩߣ߈ߦ 2.7mm/s ߢߞߚ㧚ߎߩૐផജߩ ේ࿃ߪየㇱߦ㗴߇ࠆߚߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞ ߚ㧚የ߮ࠇߩะ߈ߪ᳓ࠍなࠅߛߔࠃ߁ߦਛᔃ߆ ࠄᄖߦะ߆ߞߡᚸ߇ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ߇㧘⢵ߩ▵ ߩേ߈ߣหߓേ߈ߦߥߞߚߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ട ߃ߡᨵエᕈߩߥ⢵ߩฦ㑐▵ㇱಽߩേ߈ߪᵹࠇ ࠍᄢ߈ߊੂߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᚸേㆇേ߆ࠄචಽߦജ႐ ࠍࠅߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߽ⷐ࿃ߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 Fig.3 Trajectories fish robots in staggered array (Unit: pix) Table2 Averaged swimming speed ㅦ䈘㩿㪺㫄㪆㫊㪼㪺㪀 ขઃ㪙 㩿㪺㫄㪀 㪉 㪈㪈㪅㪊㪈 㪈㪌㪅㪌㪎 㪈㪊㪅㪏㪐 㪈 㪈㪅㪌 㪉 㝼㑆㓒㪪㩿㪺㫄㪀 㪉㪅㪌 㪊 㪈㪈㪅㪍㪉 㪈㪉㪅㪊㪌 㪈㪋㪅㪇㪏 㪈㪊㪅㪇㪋 㪈㪊㪅㪋㪋 㪈㪌㪅㪊㪍 ਛဳߩ㝼ဳផㅴᯏߩ⹜ ߅ࠊࠅߦ 㝼ⵝ⟎ߢߩታ㛎ࠍᕈ⢻⹏ଔߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘㝼߇ ㆃߥ߇ࠄ߽ㅴߎߣ߇⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚 ߒ߆ߒਛဳߩ㝼ⵝ⟎ߩታ㛎ߪචಽߥᕈ⢻ࠍᓧࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߞߚ㧚ᓟߪᨵエᕈߩࠆ⚛᧚ߢᵹ ࠇߩᛶ᛫߇ዋߥ㑐▵ࠍᜬߟ㝼㐿⊒ࠍⴕ߁੍ቯ ߢࠆ㧚 ⵝ⟎ߩ⸳⸘ߣ᭽ 㝼ࡠࡏ࠶࠻ߩផജࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚߦࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥⵝ ⟎ࠍ⹜ߒߚ㧚ᦼ⊛ߥേߣછᗧߩ⟎ߢߩ⸳ ⟎ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚ㧘1 ߟߩࡕ࠲ߢฦ࡙ ࠾࠶࠻ࠍធ⛯ߒ㚟േߔࠆࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳⸘ߒߚ㧚㒢 ߩ㑐▵ߢ⢵㚟േࠍታߔࠆߚ㧘ਅᑼߩ㝼 ࡕ࠺࡞ᑼ 4)ࠍߞߡ㑐▵ᢙࠍቯߒߚ㧚 〒㔌 x ߣᤨೞ t㧘ߢ߹ࠆᝄ h(x,t)ࠍ↪ߡ y ゲᣇ ะߦᄌൻߐߖߚ㧚 ଶగ(௫ ି௧) ℎ (ݔ , ݔ(݂ = )ݐଵ )ܿ{ݏ ݂( = )ݔ0.02 − ଷଷ௫ ସ + ఒ ଵଷ௫మ ଼ } (݅ = 1,2) ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ 1) ↰ਛ৻㇢㧘᳗ኪ㧘ᛶ᛫ߣផㅴߩᵹജቇ, ࠪ࠶ࡊࠕࡦ ࠼ࠝࠪࡖࡦ⽷࿅, 219pp, 1996. (1) 2) ᧲ᤘ, ↢‛ߩേ߈ߩౖ, ᦺୖᦠᐫ, 266pp, 1997 3) Stefano Marras and Maurizio Porfiri, Fish and robots swimming together: attraction towards the robot demands biomimetic (2) locomotion, J. R. Soc. Interface, 10, 2012. 4) ᑼߦၮߠ߈㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪផㅴᯏ᭴ߩ㑐▵ᢙߪ 4 ߟߣߒߚ㧚Fig.4 ߦ⹜ߒߚⵝ⟎ࠍ␜ߔ㧚㝼ⵝ⟎ ߪ㐳 L ߇ 0.2m㧘ࠬ࠻ࡠࡂ࡞ᢙܵ୲ ߇ 0.2㧘ㆆᵒേ ᢙܰ௦ ߇ 5 ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸳⸘ߒߚ㧚ਥߦࠕ࡞ࡒߣࠕ ↰ਛජᥓ㧘የᒻ㓁৻㧘↰ᕺ㧘㝼⟲ផㅴߦ߷ߔᓟᵹ᷵ േߩᢙ୯⊛⠨ኤ, ᣣᧄᯏ᪾ቇળਛ࿖྾࿖ᡰㇱ╙ 51 ᦼ✚ ળ⻠Ṷળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸, 1106, 2013. - 42 - ὒࣛࣥ᱂ᇵࡢࡓࡵࡢ ᐊ⎔ቃ⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢヨస ⇃ۑ㇂῟ᚿ ᱩ┿୍㑻 ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Trial production of automatic environment management system for growth of tropical orchid. ۑAtsushi KUMATANI, Shinichiro OKE Tsuyama National College of Technology 2.2 ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ 1. ࡣࡌࡵ ຍ ࣭㐽ග࣭℺Ỉ࣭ືຊ࡞ከࡃࡢ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢆᾘ ㈝ࡍࡿタᅬⱁ࡛ࡣ㸪 ᐊ⎔ቃࡢ㐺ษ࡞ไᚚࡼࡾ࢚ ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢥࢫࢺࡢቑࡸ㎰స≀ࡢရ㉁పୗࢆᣍࡃᜍࢀ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ᢅ࠺ὒࣛࣥࡣ᪥ᑕࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍࡃ㸪 㧗ရ㉁࡞ࡶࡢࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡓࡵࡣ᪥ᑕࡢ㐺ษ࡞ไᚚࡀ ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪 ᐊࡢࡼ࠺ᙳࡀከࡃⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ ⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚᪥ᑕࢆṇ☜ィ ࡛ࡁࡿ PV ࣞ᪥ᑕィ ࡢㅖ≉ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ(1)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ᐊෆ᪥ᑕࢆไᚚࡍ ࡿࡓࡵࡢィ ࣭ไᚚᅇ㊰㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥࡢ〇స࠾ࡼࡧ㸪 ࡑࢀࡽࢆ PC ࡽไᚚྍ⬟࡞ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡚ࡁࡓ(2,3)ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ὒࣛࣥࡢ᱂ᇵᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿỈࡸ ࡾẼࢆ⾜࠺⨨ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿ὒࣛࣥࡢ᱂ᇵࢆ⾜ ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ ᐊ⎔ቃ⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ィ ್ࢆ EXCEL ࢩ࣮ࢺ✚ࡉࡏࡿࢯ ࣇࢺ࢙࢘㸪࠾ࡼࡧ PC ࡽࡢᡭື᧯సࡼࡾ㐽ග࣮࢝ ࢸࣥࢆ㛤㛢ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ࡀ〇సࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢱ࣐ไᚚࡋ ࡁ࠸್ไᚚࢆຍ࠼㸪⮬ື࡛࣮࢝ࢸࣥࡢ㛤㛢ࢆ⾜࠺ࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛࢆ〇సࡋࡓࠋ Fig.2 㸪㐽ගไᚚࣇ࣮ࣟࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎ㸪┠ᶆ್ࡋ ࡚ 1 ᪥ᚲせ࡞᪥ᑕ㔞ࡢ್ࢆධຊࡍࡿࠋࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࣎ࢱࣥ ࢆᢲࡍ᪥ᑕᙉᗘࡢィ ࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ್ࢆ㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡃࡇ࡛✚⟬್ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿࠋ✚⟬್ࡀ┠ᶆ್㐩ࡍࡿ㸪 㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥࢆ㛢ࡌࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪タᐃ้ኪ࡞ࡿ ࣮࢝ࢸࣥࢆ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡍࡿࠋタᐃ้ᮅ࡞ࡿ㸪๓᪥ ࡢ✚⟬್ࢆࣜࢭࢵࢺࡋ㸪ྠࡌไᚚࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࠋไᚚ୰ ࢫࢺࢵࣉ࣎ࢱࣥࢆᢲࡍࡇ࡛ไᚚࢆ⤊ࡍࡿࠋ 2. ᐊ⎔ቃ⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ 2.1 యࡢᵓᡂ Fig.1 㸪 ᐊ⎔ቃ⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓᡂࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ᮏࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ ᐊ⎔ቃࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᑕ㔞㸪 ‵ᗘ㸪ᅵ ተỈศ㔞ࢆࢭࣥࢧ࣮࡛ィ ࡋ㸪PC ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ✚ࡍࡿࠋ PC ࡣタᐃ㛫ẖ✚ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱタᐃ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ㸪 ไᚚᣦ௧್ࢆฟຊࡍࡿࠋAD ኚ㸪ධฟຊ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪ࢱ ࣐࡞㇏ᐩ࡞ᶵ⬟ࢆഛ࠼ࡓ PIC ࣐ࢥࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓไᚚᅇ ㊰ࡣไᚚᣦ௧್ࢆཷಙࡍࡿ㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥ㸪ຍ ࣄ࣮ࢱ㸪 Ẽ⨨࠾ࡼࡧỈࡸࡾ⨨ࢆ⮬ືไᚚࡍࡿࠋ Control circuit PIC 䞉AD converter 䞉Digital I/O 䞉Timer Note PC Measurement circuit PIC 䞉AD converter 䞉Digital I/O 䞉Timer Record data Send data Receive data USB port Driver Amp Measured data Signal Control unit Shading curtain Air ventilation Warming Watering control Controlled object Irradiance Temperature Humidity measurement Sensor PV array Thermo-hygrometers Fig. 2. Soil water Soil moisture Fig. 1. Constrution of automatic management system for greenhouse. ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸦2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥㸧 - 43 - Control flow. 2.3㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥ Fig.4 ࡢࡼ࠺ ᐊタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋไᚚ⏝ᅇ㊰ࡸࣉࣟࢢࣛ ὒࣛࣥࡢཎ✀ࡣᮌࡢᖿ࡞㸪ᙳࡢ࡛ࡁࡸࡍ࠸ሙᡤ⏕ ࣒࡞ࡢ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁḟ➨㸪ไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ෆ࡛ࡢ ‵ᗘไ ᜥࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᪥ᑕࢆᡂ㛗ᚲせ࡞ศࡔࡅ࠼㸪ࡑ ᚚ⏝ࡍࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡣࢺࢢࣝࢫࢵࢳࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᡭືࡼ ࢀࢆ㉸࠼ࡿศࡣ㐽ගࡍࡿไᚚࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ ࡿ ON/OFF ࡢࡳࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࢵࢳ 1 ࡘࡘࡁ㸪྾ ᖺᗘ〇సࡉࢀࡓ㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥࢆᨵⰋࡋࡓࠋᚑ᮶ᆺࡣ㸪 Ẽ⏝Ẽ⏝ࡢࣇࣥࡀ 1 ྎࡎࡘືసࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ẽࡢ 2 ᮏࡢ࣮ࣞࣝୖࢆ㌴㍯ࡢ࠸ࡓ࣮࢝ࢸࣥࢆࡽࡏࡿࡇ ᙉᙅࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡛㐽ග࣭࣮࢜ࣉࣥືసࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ไᚚ୰ ࣮࢝ࢸࣥࡀ࣮ࣞࣝࡽⴠୗࡋ㸪࣑ࣜࢵࢺࢫࢵࢳࡢ ᥋ゐࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾไᚚ⬟㝗ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ Fig.3 ᨵⰋᆺࡢ㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࣮࢝ࢸࣥྲྀࡾ ࡅࡓ࣮࣡ࣖࢆ࠾ࡶࡾࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡃࡇ࡛㸪㐽ග࣭࢜ ࣮ࣉࣥືసࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࣑ࣜࢵࢺࢫࢵࢳࢆ㌴㏆タ⨨ ࡋ㸪࣮࢝ࢸࣥࡢ᥋ゐࡢ☜ᐇᛶࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡓࠋ 3. ὒࣛࣥ᱂ᇵ࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ືไᚚ ேࡢᡭࡼࡾ㐽ගࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ᐊ᪥ᑕィ 2 ྎࢆタ ⨨ࡋ㸪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢱ࣑ࣥࢢ࡛㐽ගࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ ࢆィ ࡋࡓࠋ1 ࡘࢆ㐽ගࡼࡾᙳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿሙᡤ࡞ࡿሙ ᡤタ⨨ࡋ㸪ࡶ࠺ 1 ࡘࢆ㐽ග࡛ࡶᙳࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙᡤ タ⨨ࡋࡓࠋFig.5 ィ ᮇ㛫୰ࡢ 5:00 ࡽ 17:15 ࡲ࡛ࡢ ✚⟬᪥ᑕ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢ್ࡣ㐽ගᙳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿሙᡤ࡛ ࡢィ ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮇ㛫୰࡛㞵࣭ࡾ࣭᪥ᕪࡋࡢᙅ࠸ᬕ ࢀࡢ᪥ࢆ㝖࠸࡚✚⟬᪥ᑕ㔞ࡢ್ࢆᖹᆒࡋ㸪 ᪥ᙜࡓࡾ ᚲせ࡞✚⟬᪥ᑕ㔞ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ 2.31kWh/m2/day ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋࡇࡢ್ࢆࡋࡁ࠸್ࡸไᚚࡢ┠ᶆ್ࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡇ ࡛㸪⮬ື㐽ගไᚚࢆேࡢᡭࡼࡿ㐽ග㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡇ Fig. 3. Shading curtain. 2.4Ỉࡸࡾ⨨ ᕷ㈍ࡢࢱ࣐ᘚࢆ⏝ࡋ㸪Ỉࡸࡾ⨨ࢆ〇సࡋࡓࠋ ࢱ࣐ࡣ㸪1 ᪥ࡢỈࡸࡾᅇᩘ 1 ᅇᙜࡓࡾࡢᨺỈ㛫 Ỉࡸࡾࡢ㛤ጞ้ࡀタᐃྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1 ᪥࡛᭱ 3 㛫ᨺỈྍ⬟࡛㸪ࡑࡢሙྜⅬࡼࡾ⣙ 10L ࡢỈࡸࡾࡀྍ ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋẼ ࡢୗࡀࡾጞࡵࡿኤ᪉㖊ᗏࡽỈࡀࡓࡗ 3 2 Solar radiation [kWh/m /day] ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡾὶࢀฟࡿࡼ࠺࠼ࡿ࠸࠺ࡢࡀὒࣛࣥࡢỈࡸࡾ 2 1 0 7/23 8/1 8/11 8/21 date Fig. 5. Solar radiation at shaded place. 4. ࡲࡵᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ࡢᇶᮏ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ᮶ࡣࢱ࣐ไᚚࡣᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ ᐊ⎔ቃ⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ〇సࢆ㐍ࡵࡓࠋヨసࡋࡓ ࡓࡵ㸪ᚋࡣไᚚ⏝ᅇ㊰ࢆ〇సࡋ㸪ᅵተỈศࢭࣥࢧ㟁 ☢ᘚࢆ⏝࠸࡚ไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ෆ࡛ࡢ㐺ษ࡞Ỉࡸࡾࢆ⾜࠺ ࡶࡢࡣᨵⰋᆺ㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥ㸪Ỉࡸࡾ⨨㸪Ẽ⨨࡞ ࡼ࠺㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ ࡢࣁ࣮ࢻ࢙࢘࠾ࡼࡧ㸪✚⟬᪥ᑕ㔞ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡋࡁ࠸್ไ 2.5Ẽ⨨ ᚚࢱ࣐ไᚚࡼࡗ࡚㐽ග࣮࢝ࢸࣥࡢ⮬ືไᚚࢆྍ ὒࣛࣥࡣ㢼㏻ࡋࢆⰋࡃࡋ㸪ᩓࢆಁࡍࡇ࡛Ỉศ࠾ࡼ ⬟ࡍࡿࢯࣇࢺ࢙࡛࢘࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢタഛࢆ⏝ ࡧࡑࡢ୰ྵࡲࢀࡿ㣴ศࢆከࡃྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࠸࡚ὒࣛࣥࡢ᱂ᇵࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋࡣ㸪ࡋࡁ࠸್ไᚚ ࡲࡓ㸪㧗 ᙅ࠸ရ✀ࡶከ࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ኟሙࡣẼࡼࡗ࡚ ௨እࡼࡿ㐽ගไᚚࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪〇సࡋࡓỈࡸ ᐊෆࡢ ᗘࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪12V ࡾ⨨Ẽ⨨ࢆ⏝ࡋ㸪ᅵተỈศไᚚࡸ ‵ᗘไᚚ ࡢ DC ࣇࣥ 4 ྎࢆືసྍ⬟࡞ࢻࣛࣂᅇ㊰ࢆ〇సࡋ㸪 ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡛㸪ὒࣛࣥ᱂ᇵࡢ᭱㐺ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣ㸪JST ◊✲ᡂᯝᒎ㛤ᴗ◊✲ᡂᯝ᭱㐺ᒎ㛤ᨭ ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ FS ࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ᥈⣴ࢱࣉࡢᨭࢆཷࡅ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ Fig. 4. Experimental greenhouse. - 44 - ᅵ 㸸 ࠕ㎰ᴗ⏝ PV ࣞ᪥ᑕィࡢᒇእᭀ㟢ヨ㦂ࠖ㸪㟁Ẽ࣭ሗ 㛵 㐃 Ꮫ ୰ ᅜ ᨭ 㒊 㐃 ྜ ㅮ ₇ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟 㸪 p.463-464 (2011)(CD-ROM) ᅵ 㸸 ࠕ ᐊ⎔ቃࡢ⮬ືไᚚࡢࡓࡵࡢ ᐊෆ᪥ᑕࡢィ ࠖ㸪㟁 ẼᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊➨ ᅇ㧗ᑓ◊✲Ⓨ⾲ ㅮ₇ண✏㞟㸪pp.3-4 (2012) ᅵ 㸸 ࠕPV ࣞ᪥ᑕィࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᐊ⎔ቃ⮬ືไᚚࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ࡢヨసไᚚᐇ㦂ࠖ 㸪ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ㟁ẼᏛ㟁ຊ࣭࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㒊㛛 ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸪P8 (2012)(CD-ROM㸧 SPCTRAL2 䜢⏝䛔䛯ኳ᪥ᑕ䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹䛾᥎ᐃ䛻ཬ䜌䛩㯤◁䛾ᙳ㡪㻌 ۑᕹ㊊ ᒣᮏ┿ᘯ ᱩ┿୍㑻 ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ Influence of the yellow sand to global spectrum estimation using SPCTRAL2. ۑKai HOASHI, Masahiro YAMAMOTO, Shinichiro OKE Tsuyama National College of Technolory 1㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 2.0 㞟ගᘧኴ㝧ගⓎ㟁ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞⏝ࡉࢀࡿከ᥋ Spectral irradiance(W/m /nm) ྜᆺࡢኴ㝧㟁ụࡣ㸪␗࡞ࡿศගឤᗘࢆ᭷ࡍࡿኴ㝧㟁 2 ụࢆ✚ᒙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ฟຊィ⟬ࡸ㟁ὶᩚྜࢆ⾜࡞ ࠺ୖ࡛ධᑕࡍࡿ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠋኳ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡢ 1 ࡘ SPCTRAL2 1)ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪➹⪅ࡽࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣ㸪ᅜྛᆅ࠾ࡅ ࡿ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆ⡆౽ồࡵࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᚑ᮶ ࣔࢹࣝࡢ SPCTRAL2 ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿධᡭࡀᅔ㞴࡞Ẽ㇟ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ௦ࢃࡾኳ᪥ᑕᙉᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡ ⡆᫆SPC Taí⡆᫆SPC 1.5 ᥦࣔࢹࣝ 1.0 0.5 0.0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 ࢺࣝศᕸࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ(௨ୗ㸪ᥦࣔࢹࣝࡍࡿ) ࢆᥦࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ 2)ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᥦࣔࢹࣝ࠾ࡅࡿ Wavelength(nm) (a) 2008 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 1 ᪥ 12 ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡀ㐺ษ࠺ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ SPCTRAL2 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ 2.0 ᥎ᐃ್⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸᥎ᐃ್㸪࠾ࡼࡧᥦࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝ Spectral irradiance(W/m /nm) ࠸ࡓ᥎ᐃ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋḟ㸪࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛ 2 ࠶ࡿ㯤◁ࡀ㣕᮶ࡋࡓ᪥㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㣕᮶ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸᪥ࡢ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆ SPCTRAL2㸪࠾ࡼ ࡧᥦࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚᥎ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆᐇ ್ẚ ㍑᳨࣭ウࡋࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ NEDO ࡢ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ ࡓࠋィ ᆅⅬࡣᾏ㐨㛗⏫㸪ᒱ㜧┴ᒱ㜧ᕷ㸪బ㈡ ┴㫽ᰨᕷ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㮵ඣᓥ┴ἈỌⰋ㒊ᓥࡢ 4 ᆅⅬ࡛࠶ ࡾ㸪ィ ᮇ㛫ࡣ 2008 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࡽ 2009 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 31 ⡆᫆SPC Taí⡆᫆SPC 1.5 ᥦࣔࢹࣝ 1.0 0.5 0.0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 ᪥ࡢ 2 ᖺ㛫࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 2㸬SPCTRAL2 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᥎ᐃ Wavelength(nm) SPCTRAL2 ࡣ㸪࣮ࣞࣜᩓ㸪ỈẼ㸪࢚࣮ࣟࢰ (b) 2008 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 14 ᪥ 14 ࣝ㸪࢜ࢰࣥ㸪࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢࡢ࢞ࢫࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃៖ Fig.1 Measured and calculated spectrum distributions ࡋ࡚Ἴ㛗ẖࡢ㏱㐣⋡ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿࠋࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡢィ⟬ ࡣᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⾲ࡍࣃ࣓࣮ࣛ ࡍࡿ௦ࢃࡾ㸪ኳ᪥ᑕᙉᗘ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢಀᩘࢆ㏣ຍ ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜ࣥࢢࢫࢺ࣮࣒ࣟΰ⃮ಀᩘࡸ㸪࢜ࢰࣥࡼ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋFig.1 (a)㸪࠾ࡼࡧ(b)㸪ᥦࣔࢹࣝ㸪 ࡿ྾ࢆつᐃࡍࡿ࢜ࢰࣥ㔞ࡢධᡭࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (1) Ta(O) ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ To(O) ࢆ ๐ 㝖 ࡋ ࡓ SPCTRAL2( ⡆ ᫆ SPCTRAL2)㸪࠾ࡼࡧ⡆᫆ SPCTRAL2 Ta(O)ࢆ㏣ຍ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ(Ta-⡆᫆ SPCTRAL2)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚᥎ᐃࡋࡓᒱ㜧 ࡇࡇ࡛㸪is(O)ࡣἼ㛗O (nm)ࡢࡁࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝᙉᗘ᥎ ࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲ ᐃ್㸪Tr(O)ࡣ࣮ࣞࣜᩓࡢ㏱㐣⋡㸪Ta(O)ࡣ࢚࣮ࣟ ࡛⏝࠸ࡓ Ta(O)ࡣ㸪᪤▱ࡢ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࡽ㏫ ࢰࣝࡢ㏱㐣⋡㸪Tw(O)ࡣỈẼࡢ㏱㐣⋡㸪To(O)ࡣ࢜ࢰ ⟬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᅗ(a)♧ࡍ 2008 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 1 ᪥ ࣥࡢ㏱㐣⋡㸪Tu(O)ࡣࡑࡢ࢞ࢫࡢ㏱㐣⋡࡛࠶ࡿࠋᥦ 12 ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡶࡰྠࡌ್ ࣔࢹࣝࡣ SPCTRAL2 ࡽ Ta(O)࠾ࡼࡧ To(O)ࢆ๐㝖 ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡀศࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪Ta(O)ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ ᘧ(1)㸪SPCTRAL2 ࡢィ⟬ᘧࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ isO H oO TrO TaO TwO ToO TuO D ィ ⮬ືไᚚᏛ୰ᅜᨭ㒊ὠᒣᆅ༊ィ ไᚚ◊✲ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟 (2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥) - 45 - ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࡇࡢࡁࡣ✵Ẽ୰ࡢ࢚࣮ࣟ 0.5 Mean error (W/m /nm) ࢰࣝࡀᑡ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ྠᅗ(b) 2 ♧ࡍ 8 ᭶ 14 ᪥ 14 ࡢሙྜ㸪ᥦࣔࢹࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ Ta- Taí⡆᫆SPCࠉㄗᕪ ᥦࣔࢹࣝࠉㄗᕪ 0.4 ⡆᫆ SPCTRAL2 ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㸪⡆᫆ SPCTRAL2 ࡢ᥎ᐃ ್ࡼࡾࡶᖖᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡁ ࡣ✵Ẽ୰࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㔞ࡢ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡀᾋ㐟ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡕࡽࡢሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᥦࣔࢹࣝ Ta-⡆᫆ 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 300 SPCTRAL2 ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣࡰྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ 500 ࡣ㸪ᥦࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿኳ᪥ᑕᙉᗘࡣ Ta(O)ྠ⛬ᗘ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡋ࡚࠶ࡿ 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Wavelength (nm) (a) 2008/03/03 14:30 (AM1.7) ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 3㸬㯤◁ࡢᙳ㡪 0.5 Mean error (W/m /nm) Ẽ㇟ᗇࡼࡿ㸪 2008 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 3 ᪥࠾ࡼࡧ 17 ᪥ࡣ㸪 2 ᒱ㜧┴㯤◁ࡀ㣕᮶ࡋࡓࠋ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢ 1 ✀࡛࠶ࡿ Taí⡆᫆SPCࠉㄗᕪ ᥦࣔࢹࣝࠉㄗᕪ 0.4 㯤◁ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᒱ㜧࠾ࡅࡿ 2008 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 3 ᪥(㯤◁㣕᮶)࠾ࡼࡧ 2008 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 11 ᪥(㯤◁↓ࡋ) ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࢆẚ㍑᳨࣭ウࡋࡓࠋFig.2 ࡣ㸪AM2.1 ࡢሙ ྜࡢ㸪Fig.3 ࡣ㸪AM1.7 ࡢሙྜࡢᥦࣔࢹࣝ࠾ࡼࡧ Ta-⡆᫆ SPC ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᥎ᐃ್ྵࡲࢀࡿㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 300 ࡞࠾㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅗࡢ(a)ࡣ㯤◁㣕᮶㸪(b)ࡣ㯤◁࡞ࡋ ࡢሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶ▷Ἴ㛗ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ྠ 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Wavelength (nm) ࡌࡼ࠺࡞ㄗᕪࡀฟࡓࡀ㸪యⓗẚ㍑ࡍࡿ≉ᐃࡢ (b) 2008/03/11 14:40 (AM1.7) Ἴ㛗࡛ࡁ࡞ㄗᕪࡀฟࡿࡇࡣ↓ࡃ㸪Ἴ㛗ᇦ࡛ࡶ Fig.3 Mean error ᐇ ್ࡢㄗᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪᭱ࡢㄗᕪ ࡣ▷Ἴ㛗ᇦࡢ 300 nm㹼700 nm ㏆࡛⣙ 0.25 W/m2/nm ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋḟ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅗࡢ(a)㸪࠾ࡼࡧ(b)ࢆẚ ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪㯤◁ࡢ᭷↓࡛ㄗᕪࡀኚࡍࡿࡇࡣ↓ࡃ㸪 Taí⡆᫆SPCࠉㄗᕪ ᥦࣔࢹࣝࠉㄗᕪ 0.4 ࡰྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡇࡣ㸪ᥦࣔࢹࣝࡢ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡀ㐺ษ 2 Mean error (W/m /nm) 0.5 ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㯤◁ࡀ㣕᮶ࡋࡓሙྜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡ 0.3 ࢺࣝศᕸࢆ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 0.2 4㸬ࡲࡵᚋࡢㄢ㢟 0.1 ⡆᫆ SPC㸪Ta-⡆᫆ SPC㸪࠾ࡼࡧᥦࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 0.0 300 ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ᥦࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿኳ᪥ᑕ 500 ᙉᗘࡣ Ta(O)ྠ⛬ᗘ࢚࣮ࣟࢰࣝࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࡋ 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Wavelength (nm) ࡚࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㯤◁ࡀ㣕᮶ࡋࡓሙ ྜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ (a) 2008/03/03 08:50 (AM2.1) ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᚋࡣ㸪SPCTRAL2 ௨እࡢࣔ Taí⡆᫆SPCࠉㄗᕪ ᥦࣔࢹࣝࠉㄗᕪ 0.4 ࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࢆ⡆౽ồࡵࡿ ࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦࡋ㸪ࡑࡢỗ⏝ᛶࢆホ౯᳨࣭ウࡍࡿࠋ 2 Mean error (W/m /nm) 0.5 0.3 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 0.2 1) R. E. Bird: “Simple solar spectral model for direct and diffuse irradiance on horizontal and tilted planes at the Earth’s surface for cloudless atmospheres”, J. Climate Applied Meteorology 5, No.1, pp.88/97 (1986) 2) ᒣᮏ 㸸 ࠕᅜྛᆅࡢኳ᪥ᑕಀᩘࡢ㏆ఝ┤⥺ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ᪥ᑕࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝศᕸࡢ᥎ᐃࠖ㸪ᖹᡂ 25 ᖺ㟁ẼᏛ㟁ຊ࣭ ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㒊㛛ㅮ₇ㄽᩥ㞟㸪pp.30-19/30-20(2013) 0.1 0.0 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 Wavelength (nm) (b) 2008/03/11 08:40 (AM2.1) Fig.2 Mean error - 46 -
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