General View on Electro Mobility A European Perspective Point of View per Q1/2015 2. Entwurf, März 2015 Hinweis: Sprache weitgehend Englisch Kontakt: BridgingIT GmbH Detlef Schumann Tel.: +49 (0) 152-5669 4008 E-Mail: [email protected] PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Seite 1/40 Table of Content Vorbemerkung (Deutsch) ................................................................................................ 3 Management Summary (Deutsch) ................................................................................... 4 1. Electro Mobility in Europe – Policy Frame ................................................................ 5 1.1 Horizon 2020 ...................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Overview...............................................................5 1.1.2 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Work program..................................................... 6 1.1.3 Horizon Calls on electro mobility ........................................................................................... 8 1.2 Digital Agenda for Europe ............................................................................................................. 9 1.3 Mobility and Transport - TEN-T ............................................................................................... 13 2. 1.3.1 EU to support development of electric vehicle transport roads in northern Europe ......... 13 1.3.2 Innovation & Networks Executive Agency ............................................................................ 14 Electro Mobility Projects in Europe ......................................................................... 16 2.1 Grid for Vehicles ............................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 ELVIRE .......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3 CROME .......................................................................................................................................... 19 2.4 EDISON......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5 E-Mobility Italy.............................................................................................................................. 21 2.6 Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques (France) ................................................................................... 21 2.7 e-DASH ......................................................................................................................................... 22 2.8 E-Moving....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.9 Green eMotion .............................................................................................................................. 23 2.10 Freveu ............................................................................................................................................ 24 2.11 ZeEUS - Zero Emission Urban Bus System ................................................................................ 26 2.12 MOBI.Europe .................................................................................................................................27 2.12.1 Mobi.E (Portugal) ...................................................................................................................27 2.12.2 Mobi.E (Ireland) .................................................................................................................... 28 2.12.3 Mobi.E (Netherland) ............................................................................................................. 28 2.12.4 Mobi.E (Spain) ....................................................................................................................... 29 2.13 PlanGridVE – Mass roll-out of EV’s with DER integration ....................................................... 30 2.14 DG CONNECT - Projects............................................................................................................... 31 3. Industrie-Aktivitäten außerhalb der EC .................................................................. 33 3.1 AVERE - European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles .............. 33 3.2 eMI3 ................................................................................................................................................35 3.3 Paneuropäische eRoaming Initiative .......................................................................................... 36 4. Schlussfolgerung und Empfehlung .......................................................................... 37 PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 2/40 Vorbemerkung (Deutsch) Auslöser zur Erstellung dieses Dokumentes war ein Vorgespräch im Rahmen der Quartalspräsentation im Ressortkreis vom 14.01.2015 mit Frau Hofman (BMWi). Es scheint sinnvoll und erforderlich die Aktivitäten zur Elektromobilität im europäischen Kontext zu betrachten, da erste Erkenntnisse aus diversen Projekten aufzeigen, dass weder Lösungsansätze einzelner Akteure als auch der Bedarf an Standardisierung an Landesgrenzen enden. Das Thema muss mind. auf europäischer Ebene betrachtet werden und in gewissen Bereichen auch vor einem globalen Hintergrund – Hier speziell das Thema der Standardisierung. Dies soll jedoch hier kein Fokus sein. Ein weiterer Auslöser zur Intensivierung der Europäischen Aktivitäten besteht in der Verpflichtung aus der Richtlinie 2014/94 der Europäischen Kommission vom 22. Oktober 2014 über den Aufbau der Infrastruktur für alternative Kraftstoffe. (Link zur Quelle). Zur Umsetzung dieser Richtlinien heißt es: „Die Mitgliedstaaten setzen die Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften in Kraft, die erforderlich sind, um dieser Richtlinie spätestens bis zum 18. November 2016 nachzukommen“. Im Rahmen dieser Richtlinie sind diverse Maßnahmen erforderlich zu denen es notwendig ist, diese aktuell zu beobachten und im Kontext einer gesamteuropäischen Entwicklung zu bewerten. Dieses Dokumentes hat die Zielsetzung, einen Überblick über den Stand der Entwicklungen im Kontext der Elektromobilität zu geben: - welche Akrivitäten - von welchen Akteuern - mit welchem Reifegrad in der Umsetzung betrieben werden. Eine Empfehlung zur Umsetzung der EU-Richtlinie ist nicht thematisiert. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen haben keinen Anspruch auf 100% Vollständigkeit ermöglichen aber Handlungsalternativen fundiert zu diskutieren. Das nachfolgende Dokument wurde auf Grund der internationalen Ausrichtung und der Verwendung von externen Quellen überwiegend in Englisch verfasst. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 3/40 Management Summary (Deutsch) Arbeitsweise und administrative Prozesse der Europäischen Kommission sind keineswegs einfach zu verstehen und darstellbar. Die in diesem Dokument aufgelisteten Elemente beschreiben die wesentlichen Aktivitäten der EC in drei unterschiedlichen Einstiegsperspektiven: - Europäische Forschungsförderung - Horizont 2020 - Europäische Initiative – Digitale Agenda - Administrative Struktur der Generaldirektion mit Ihrem - Aktionsprogramm TEN-T Alle drei Perspektiven behandeln Optionen der Förderung (z.B. via offener Ausschreibungen auf die man sich bewerben kann) sowie der politischen Rahmengesetzgebung und damit einhergehender Maßnahmen zur Einhaltung und Förderung dieser Ziele (Ebenfalls wieder über Finanzierungsinstrumente der Förderung oder von Krediten). Im zweiten Teil des Dokumentes wird eine Übersicht gegeben, welche Förderprojekte im Kontext Elektromobilität in Europa entweder gelaufen sind oder aktuell noch laufen. Ziel dieses Abschnittes ist es einen Eindruck zu vermitteln welchen Reifegrad die Forschung im Thema Elektromobilität hat bzw. welche Transferleistung zwischen den Projekten helfen könnte. Auch die eine Übersicht der Akteure und Themen kann auch diesen Einzelübersichten abgeleitet werden und hilft auch bei nur punktueller Betrachtung einen guten Überblick zu gewinnen. Der Dritte und letzte Teil des Dokuments beschreibt einen aktuellen Status der Entwicklungen sowie eine subjektive Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse all der Projekte: Die Elektromobilität in Europa fokussiert sich somit auf: - Urbane Konzepte inkl. Multimodalität - Privat-PKW/Firmen-PKW die zu Hause bzw. auf dem Firmengelände laden - Wirtschaftsverkehr mit planbaren Grundlagen (inkl. Schwerlastverkehr und öffentlichen Nahverkehr aus Umweltschutz-Aspekten) Diese drei Trends erfüllen im Wesentlichen die politische Zielsetzung der EU aus Umwelt- und Klimaschutzaspekten und lassen Freiraum um die Wirtschaft im Zusammenhang mit der Digitalen Agenda zu neuen Ansätzen zu bewegen. Der Handlungsdruck zum weiteren Auf- und Ausbau der Infrastruktur und der begleitenden Rahmengesetzgebung ist mit der Richtlinie 2014/94 vom Oktober 2014 auf den Weg gebracht worden. Es obliegt den Marktakteuren die Chancen dieser Entwicklung zu nutzen und wenn Deutschland als Mutterland der Mobilität und Transitland in Europa weiterhin eine führende Rolle spielen möchte mit mutigen Schritten der internationalen Konkurrenz auch durch völlig neue Akteure entgegen zu treten. Die Politik hat die Option, durch klare Mandate die bestehenden Entscheidungs- und Meinungsbildungsprozesse innerhalb von gesetzten Organisation zu beeinflussen und sollte diese Aufgabe bewusst und zügig annehmen. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 4/40 1. Electro Mobility in Europe – Policy Frame This chapter is divided into three areas because every of this specific approaches is launching projects and it is important to understand the policy “behind” the topic. 1.1 Horizon 2020 Horizon 2020 is the financial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship initiative aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness. Seen as a means to drive economic growth and create jobs, Horizon 2020 has the political backing of Europe’s leaders and the Members of the European Parliament. They agreed that research is an investment in our future and so put it at the heart of the EU’s blueprint for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and jobs. By coupling research and innovation, Horizon 2020 is helping to achieve this with its emphasis on excellent science, industrial leadership and tackling societal challenges. The goal is to ensure Europe produces world-class science, removes barriers to innovation and makes it easier for the public and private sectors to work together in delivering innovation. Horizon 2020 is open to everyone, with a simple structure that reduces red tape and time so participants can focus on what is really important. This approach makes sure new projects get off the ground quickly – and achieve results faster. The EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation will be complemented by further measures to complete and further develop the European Research Area. These measures will aim at breaking down barriers to create a genuine single market for knowledge, research and innovation. The Horizont 2020 Programme is divided in so called areas. For electro mobility the relevant contend is located under the Area of “Transport”. The European Transport research contributes to finding solutions to the increasing mobility of people, with low-carbon technologies, clean vehicles, smart mobility systems and integrated services for passengers and freight. The relevant section here is a social challenge described in the following chapters with an overview, and an work program. 1.1.1 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Overview Link: Article This Challenge aims to boost the competitiveness of the European transport industries and achieve a European transport system that is resource-efficient, climate-and-environmentally-friendly, safe and seamless for the benefit of all citizens, the economy and society. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 5/40 The Transport Challenge is allocated a budget of €6 339 million for the period 2014-2020 and will contribute to four key objectives, each supported by specific activities. Horizon 2020 will provide funding for a resource efficient transport that respects the environment by making aircraft, vehicles and vessels cleaner and quieter to minimise transport’s systems’s impact on climate and the environment, by developing smart equipment, infrastructures and services and by improving transport and mobility in urban areas. Horizon 2020 also aims at a better mobility, less congestion, more safety and security with a substantial reduction of traffic congestion; with a substantial improvement in the mobility of people and freight; by developing new concepts of freight transport and logistics and by reducing accident rates, fatalities and casualties and improving security. Horizon 2020 supports a global leadership for the European transport industry by reinforcing the competitiveness and performance of European transport manufacturing industries and related services including logistic processes and retain areas of European leadership (e.g. such as aeronautics). Horizon 2020 targets a socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking activities for policy making. The aim is to support improved policy making which is necessary to promote innovation and meet the challenges raised by transport and the societal needs related to it. These activities are addressed by three Calls: 1. Mobility for Growth 2. Green Vehicles 3. Small Business and Fast Track Innovation for Transport In addition to the three calls for proposal, other actions will be implemented by calls for tenders or by other instruments (‘Other actions’). These actions are part of the Transport Challenge envelope and complement the content of the three Calls. 1.1.2 Smart, Green and Integrated Transport - Work program The specific objective of the Transport Challenge ‘Smart, green and integrated transport’ is “to achieve a European transport system that is resource-efficient, climate- and environmentally-friendly, safe and seamless for the benefit of all citizens, the economy and society”. The Specific Programme is structured in four broad lines of activities aiming at: a) Resource efficient transport that respects the environment. The aim is to minimise transport's systems' impact on climate and the environment (including noise and air pollution) by improving its efficiency in the use of natural resources, and by reducing its dependence on fossil fuels. b) Better mobility, less congestion, more safety and security. The aim is to reconcile the growing mobility needs with improved transport fluidity, through innovative solutions for seamless, inclusive, affordable, safe, secure and robust transport systems. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 6/40 c) Global leadership for the European transport industry. The aim is to reinforce the competitiveness and performance of European transport manufacturing industries and related services including logistic processes and retain areas of European leadership (e.g. such as aeronautics). d) Socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking activities for policy making. The aim is to support improved policy making which is necessary to promote innovation and meet the challenges raised by transport and the societal needs related to it. These activities are addressed in this Work Programme by the above named Calls for proposals. Each Call for proposals contains a scene setter and the description of topics. Each Call ends with a section where the conditions for the Call are indicated (deadlines, budgets, eligibility criteria, etc.). In addition to the three Calls for proposals, the Transport Challenge contributes to the Fast Track to Innovation Pilot Call. Other actions will be implemented by calls for tenders or by other instruments (see section ‘Other actions’). These actions are part of the Transport Challenge envelope and complement the content of the Calls. A novelty in Horizon 2020 is the Open Research Data Pilot which aims to improve and maximise access to and re-use of research data generated by projects. While certain Work Programme parts and areas have been explicitly identified as participating in the Pilot on Open Research Data, individual actions funded under the other Horizon 2020 parts and areas can choose to participate in the Pilot on a voluntary basis. The use of a Data Management Plan is required for projects participating in the Open Research Data Pilot. Further guidance on the Open Research Data Pilot is made available on the Participant Portal. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 7/40 1.1.3 Horizon Calls on electro mobility Within the work programs of Horizon 2020 there are several calls open for tenders. Here are the actual open calls related to electro mobility. (The third one for SME’s is not described here): 1.1.3.1 MOBILITY FOR GROWTH 2014-2015 H2020-MG-2015_TwoStagesSub call of: H2020-MG-2014-2015 Opening Date 10-12-2014 Deadline Date 23-04-2015 17:00:00 (Brussels local time) Stage 2 15-10-2015 17:00:00 (Brussels local time) Budget €144,500,000 Main Pillar Status Open Societal Challenges OJ reference OJ C 361/9 of 11 December 2013 The contents of the ‘Mobility for Growth’ call has been structured as follows: 1. Aviation 2. Rail 3. Road 4. Waterborne Areas addressing transport integration specific challenges (technical and socio-economic) 5. Urban 6. Logistics 7. Intelligent Transport Systems 8. Infrastructure 9. Socio-economic and behavioural research and forward looking activities for policy making 1.1.3.2 GREEN VEHICLES 2015 H2020-GV-2015Sub call of: H2020-GV-2014-2015 Planned Opening Date 24-06-2015 Deadline Date Budget €30,000,000 Main Pillar Status Forthcoming OJ reference OJ C 361 of 11 December 2013 15-10-2015 17:00:00 (Brussels local time) Societal Challenges Structure of the Green Vehicle Call: - Next generation of competitive lithium ion batteries to meet customer expectations - Optimised and systematic energy management in electric vehicles - Future natural gas powertrains and components for cars and vans - Hybrid light and heavy duty vehicles - Electric two-wheelers and new light vehicle concepts - Powertrain control for heavy-duty vehicles with optimised emissions - Future natural gas powertrains and components for heavy duty vehicles - Electric vehicles’ enhanced performance and integration into the transport system and the grid PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 8/40 1.2 Digital Agenda for Europe Link: Article Beside the finical instruments of Horizon 2020 you will also find an entry point to electro mobility via the “Digital Agenda for Europe”. A direct access to the wide array of funding opportunities via the programmes Horizon 2020 and Connecting Europe Facility is given. Here we will focus on the perspective of the Digital Agenda only. Human error is involved in 95% of all traffic accidents on Europe's roads, in which more than 30 000 people are killed and 1.5 million injured every year. Road transport also burns one quarter of the European Union's overall energy consumption, with one fifth of the EU's CO 2 emissions caused by road vehicles. eSafety “smart” technologies, based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures. For example, the European Commission's eCall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial 112 – Europe's single emergency number – in case of a serious accident, thus dramatically accelerating the arrival of emergency rescue teams. eCall is to be introduced in all new models of passenger cars and light-duty vehicles, and will be supported across the EU as well as Iceland, Norway and Switzerland by 2015. This and other examples can be found in the Intelligent Car section of this site. Such innovations require research and regulation, working hand in hand. Hence the iMobility Forum, which brings together road stakeholders interested in ICT-based systems and services to recommend frameworks for road and traffic data and standardisation. The Forum was initially established as the eSafety Forum in early 2003 in close co-operation with the mobility companies, industrial associations and public sector stakeholders. Details are given in the following chapters. For those where actual details are not available the link to the (empty) website is listed: eSafety – Has no actual information available Intelligent car – No details expect a short text This Topic is spitted into two areas o The eCall solution see chapter 0 o The international cooperation; The objective of the cooperation between the EU & the United States & with Japan is to learn about each others' research and deployment activities in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). A particular focus is on Cooperative Systems, where cars communicate with each other and with the infrastructure. Here, in this relatively new field of Cooperative Systems, it is the explicit objective of the three partners to jointly develop proposals for global standards. Joint research efforts are on the agenda as well. Smart cities – No details expect a short text PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 9/40 A smart city is a place where the traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and telecommunication technologies, for the benefit of its inhabitants and businesses. With this vision in mind, the European Union is investing in ICT research and innovation and developing policies to improve the quality of life of citizens and make cities more sustainable in view of Europe's 20-20-20 targets. The smart city concept goes beyond the use of ICT for better resource use and less emissions. It means smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supply and waste disposal facilities, and more efficient ways to light and heat buildings. And it also encompasses a more interactive and responsive city administration, safer public spaces and meeting the needs of an ageing population. European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Smart Cities and Communities: To speed up the deployment of these solutions, the European Commission has initiated the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities that will bring together European cities, industry leaders, and representatives of civil society to smarten up Europe's urban areas, in July 2012. So far, the European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Smart Cities and Communities has received some 370 commitments to fund and develop smart solutions in the areas of energy, ICT and transport. These commitments involve more than 3,000 partners from across Europe and create a huge potential for making our cities more attractive, and create business opportunities. International cooperation in Transport - Link to Intelligent car above Below you may find the detail on the two major activities eCall and the iMobility Forum: PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 10/40 eCALL Link: More In case of a crash, an eCall-equipped car automatically calls the nearest emergency centre. Even if no passenger is able to speak, e.g. due to injuries, a 'Minimum Set of Data' is sent, which includes the exact location of the crash site. Shortly after the accident, emergency services therefore know that there has been an accident, and where exactly. eCall cuts emergency services response time. It goes down to 50% in the countryside and 60% in builtup areas. The quicker response will save hundreds of lives in the EU every year. The severity of injuries will be considerably reduced in tens of thousands of cases. You can also make an eCall by pushing a button inside the car. Witnessing an accident, you can thus report it and automatically give the precise location. As eCall normally 'sleeps', it does not allow vehicle tracking outside emergencies. The EC proposals for legislative acts foresaw that eCall would be seamlessly functioning throughout Europe by end of 2015. As the adoption procedure of these legislative acts by the European Parliament and the Council is still ongoing, the deadlines for implementation will most likely be the end of 2017 or early 2018. iMobility Forum Link: www.imobilitysupport.eu iMobility Support is a 3-year support action that fosters the deployment of intelligent mobility in Europe by organising the iMobility Forum activities, including stakeholder networking, deployment support, awareness raising and dissemination of results of ICT for smart, safe and clean mobility. iMobility Support fosters the deployment of intelligent mobility in Europe by organising iMobility Forum activities, including – but not limited to –stakeholder networking, deployment support, awareness raising and dissemination of results. The action is conceptually structured on three ‘pillars’: 1. Support to the iMobility Forum constituencies and activities, PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 11/40 2. Support to the deployment of ICT for smart, safe and clean mobility (mainly cooperative ITS), 3. Support to awareness-raising and dissemination of results activities of ICT for smart, safe and clean mobility (mainly cooperative ITS). Project acronym: Project type: iMobility Support Coordination and Support action Project coordinator: Program: 7th EU Framework Program Lina Konstantinopoulou ERTICO – ITS Europe Tel: +32 (0)2 400 07 49 Project partners: AustriaTech - Gesellschaft des Bundes fur Technologiepolitische Massnahmen Gmbh, Fédération International de l’Automobile (FIA), Association des Constructeurs Européen d'Automobiles (ACEA), Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus (VTT) and Q-Free ASA and DEKRA Automobil GmbH Start date: End date: 1 January 2013 31 December 2015 EU funding: Project website: 1,449,000 euro www.imobilitysupport.eu PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 12/40 1.3 Mobility and Transport - TEN-T Link: Homepage The third relevant entry point for the topic of electro mobility is the work of the Directorate-General. The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport works in concert with the European Union Member States, European industry, citizens and stakeholders. More information about the DG Move could be found here. Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport manages the work on a series of inter-modal transport issues. The program starts under FP7 and still continue. Not all items are still relevant so here the focus is on actual infrastructure in ongoing projects only. Infrastructure - TEN-T - Connecting Europe Link: Homepage TEN-T Attention: The German “ BMVI” is using the Term “Transeuropäische Verkehrsnetze (TEN-V)“ for infrastructure projects in Germany. More Details: Here This is the translation of EU TEN-T Project. The TEN-T Programme was established by the European Commission to support the construction and upgrade of transport infrastructure across the European Union. The TEN-T Programme dedicated financial support towards the realisation of important transport infrastructure projects - in line with the overreaching goal of European competitiveness, job creation and cohesion. The TEN-T Executive Agency, created by the European Commission in 2006, managed the Programme on behalf of the European Commission for all projects established under the 2000-2006 and 2007-2013 funding schemes. The projects represent all transport modes – air, rail, road, and maritime/inland waterway – plus logistics and intelligent transport systems, and involve all EU Member States. On 1 January 2014 the TEN-T EA became the Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA), but management of all open TEN-T projects continues unaffected. 1.3.1 EU to support development of electric vehicle transport roads in northern Europe Creation date: 09 February 2015 The EU's TEN-T Programme will invest over €4 million in the development of an open access fast charging station network in the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Germany. In total 155 chargers for electric vehicles are to be installed along the main highways connecting these countries. A weak network of service stations for electric vehicles and varying standards are some of the major barriers to a fast uptake of electric vehicle transport in Europe. This project aims to create an open access fast charging corridor along major highways connecting Sweden, Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands, to allow 'green' travel between these countries. Part of the project will be dedicated to a study on interoperability, the framework for a sustainable infrastructure setup and network planning. The pilot project will install a total of 155 chargers along the main motorways: 30 in the Netherlands, 23 in Denmark, 35 in Sweden and 67 in Germany. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 13/40 The new electric vehicle transport road will help accelerate electric vehicle uptake in northern Europe and will serve as best practice to other European countries. The project was selected for EU funding with the assistance of external experts under the TEN-T Annual Call 2013, priority 'Decarbonisation (Oil substitution or environmental cost reduction)'. Its implementation will be monitored by INEA, the European Commission's Innovation and Networks Executive Agency. The project is to be completed by December 2015. Project: 2013-EU-92043-S Goal: 155 Fast Charger until end of program in 2015 and thereof 67 in Germany 1.3.2 Innovation & Networks Executive Agency Link: home The Innovation and Networks Executive Agency (INEA) is the successor of the Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency (TEN-T EA), which was created by the European Commission in 2006 to manage the technical and financial implementation of its TEN-T programme. INEA officially started its activities on 1 January 2014 in order to implement the following EU programmes: Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Parts of Horizon 2020 – Smart, green, and integrated transport + Secure, clean and efficient energy Legacy programmes: TEN-T and Marco Polo 2007-2013 INEA's main objective is to increase the efficiency of the technical and financial management of the programmes it manages. Its mission is to support the Commission, project promoters and stakeholders by providing expertise and high quality of programme management to infrastructure, research and innovation projects in the fields of transport, energy and telecommunications, and to promote synergies between these activities, to benefit economic growth and EU citizens. INEA officially started its activities on 1 January 2014 in order to implement parts of the following EU programmes: The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) is a key EU instrument to promote growth, jobs and competitiveness through targeted infrastructure investment at European level. It is divided into 3 sectors: CEF Transport CEF Energy CEF Digital (telecommunications) Horizon 2020 PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 14/40 Horizon 2020 is the EU's main programme for the research area. It implements the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship initiative aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness. The two objectives below which are managed by INEA fall under the "Societal Challenges" part of the programme. Smart green and integrated transport Secure, clean and efficient energy In total, it is expected that INEA will manage a budget of up to €33.1 billion* for the new 2014-2020 Programmes (€26.4 billion from the CEF and €6.7 billion from H2020). PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 15/40 2. Electro Mobility Projects in Europe Maybe this list is not 100% complete but the overall impression of what has been done so fare is given. Only a very limited number of projects should be missing in sense of completeness. A comprehensive view on all R&D Projects in the area of Electro mobility is online available. Here an extract on how the projects are presented: For an overview on contend the following examples are collected: 2.1 Grid for Vehicles Link: www.g4v.eu Analysis of the impact and possibilities of a mass introduction of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles on the electricity networks in Europe The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program. Project duration: Mid of 2010 until 2011- 18 Month About G4V Very soon electric vehicles (EV) and especially plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) will be gradually introduced to the EU market. Although electricity is available everywhere in Europe, the impact of a large scale introduction of EV and PHEV needs to be investigated in detail in order to optimise the infrastructure and make use of the inherent opportunities this represents for the operation of smart grids and energy efficiency. The objective of G4V is to develop an analytical method to evaluate the impact of a large scale introduction of EV and PHEV on the grid infrastructure and a visionary “road map” for the year 2020 and beyond, taking into account all stakeholders and generating fast and openly available results. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 16/40 Key elements of the project Partner in G4V: www.chalmers.se www.ecn.nl www.edp.pt www.edf.com www.endesa.es www.enel.com www.imperial.ac.uk www.rwe.com www.rwth-aachen.de www.iie.upv.es www.tu-dortmund.de www.vattenfall.com G4V consortium leader RWE Deutschland AG Thomas Theisen, Project Manager G4V Kruppstraße 5 45128 Essen Tel.: +49 (0)201-12-29387 Fax: +49 (0)201-12-29749 E-Mail: [email protected] PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 17/40 2.2 ELVIRE Link: www.elvire.eu The project’s purpose is to develop an effective system which is able to neutralize the driver’s "range anxiety", i.e. the fear to break down due to the vehicle’s power range limitation. In order to ease and optimize energy management of Electric Vehicles (EV) and to cope with the sparse distribution of electrical supply points during the ramp-up phase, innovative Information and Communications Technologies and service concepts will be developed. This research project aims at developing and integrating the mobility technologies and services, inside and outside the Electric Vehicle (EV), required to help customers to manage the electric charging of their vehicle properly. Cooperatively, the project partners will develop a new on-board information and communication platform which constantly monitors the charging level of the battery. This in-car platform will also determine the energy demand for the planned route, taking into account traffic conditions and other parameters. These on-board services will keep the driver aware of the remaining vehicle range and distance to the closest charging station. To guarantee that the power supply can match the personalized needs of each electric vehicle, intelligent charge spots, battery switch stations and other external mobility services are required. A network operation center will manage real-time communication between the electric vehicles and the charging network. This system will provide additional services such as informing where available charge spots and battery switch stations are located and optimizing resource allocation as well as the charging process itself to fulfill drivers' needs. The ELVIRE consortium will set up an all-round solution by linking an adaptive and responsive charging network to an intelligent in-car platform, which is critical for enabling a mass-market adoption of electric vehicles in the future. FP7 PROJECT ID: ICT-2009.6.1 ICT for Safety and Energy Efficiency in Mobility Duration: 36 months From 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012 Overall budget: 9.242 M€ EC contribution: 5.193 M€ Number of partners: 11 ATB Better Place CEA LIST Continental Automotive GmbH Endesa Erasmushogeschool Brussel ERPC GmbH Lindholmen Science Park AB PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 18/40 Renault S.A.S. SAP AG Volkswagen AG Number of countries involved: 6 ELVIRE coordinator Hannes Lüttringhaius Interior Electronic Solutions Continental Automotive GmbH VDO-Strasse 1, 64832 Babenhausen, Germany [email protected] 2.3 CROME Link: crome-project.eu The project CROME – cross-border mobility for EVs (Electric Vehicles) – is one of the first cross-border field tests among the meanwhile several electric mobility projects in Europe. The project is located in the border region between France and Germany and includes on the French side the regions Alsace with particular focus on the Strasbourg urban area - and Moselle. On the German side the project includes the area of Karlsruhe, Baden-Baden, Freiburg and Stuttgart. The main aim of the project, whose funding is performed since 2011 by different Ministries on both sides of the boundary, is to create and test a safe, seamless, user-friendly and reliable mobility with electric vehicles between France and Germany. During the project periods mayer negotiations about the type 2 and type 3 plug took place, leading to the decision to promotoe the type 2 plug as the European standard plug for electric vehicles. Furthermore a first e-roaming agreement and solution between the French and German Partners has been put in place. Project Duration: January 2011 until end of 2013 Partner in CROME: PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 19/40 2.4 EDISON Link: www.edison-net.dk E.D.I.S.O.N. is an abbreviation for "Electric vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated market using Sustainable energy and Open Networks". Electric vehicles (EVs) provide a unique opportunity to reduce the CO2 emissions from the transport sector. At the same time, EVs have the potential to play a major role in an economic and reliable operation of an electricity system with a high penetration of renewable energy. EVs will be a very important balancing measure to enable the Danish government’s energy strategy, which implies 50% wind power penetration in the electric power system. An EV will be a storage device for smoothing power fluctuations from renewable resources especially wind power and provide valuable system services for a reliable power system operation. With the proper technology the cars can run on wind power and at the same time enable an increased share of RES in the power system for supply of the conventional electricity demand, and thereby, provide an overall economic, reliable, and sustainable energy system. DESCRIPTION OF EDISON The EDISON project has utilised Danish and international competences to develop optimal system solutions for EV system integration, including network issues, market solutions, and optimal interaction between different energy technologies. Furthermore, the Bornholm electric power system has provided an optimal platform for demonstration of the developed solutions. The project has been organized in seven work packages and an additional work package for administration and dissemination activities. GOALS The main goals for the project were: PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 20/40 To develop system solutions and technologies for Electric vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) which enable a sustainable, economic and reliable energy system where the properties of EVs are utilised in a power system with substantial fluctuating renewable energy. To prepare and provide a technical platform for Danish demonstrations of EVs with emphasis on the power system integration aspects. To develop standard system solutions for EVs, which are applicable globally, by utilising the Danish leading knowledge within distributed energy resources and operation of energy systems with high wind power penetration, and thereby, release the potential for Danish export of technology, system solutions, and knowledge. Project Duration: 2019 until 2012 Partner in EDISON: Dansk Energi DTU CET Risø DTU DTU Transport DONG Energy IBM Siemens Østkraft Group Eurisco 2.5 E-Mobility Italy The E-Mobility Italy project started in 2009 as a pilot project for test of an electric mobility framework(infrastructure, marketplace and ICT) by using EVs in 3 pilot cities (Pisa, Rome, Milan) with few hundreds of Li-Ion battery cars and up to 400 private/public recharging spots. The demonstration of the framework is already ongoing on several topics, such as: intelligent recharging infrastructure based on electricity meter technology, technical solutions and open standard, able to support both the existing vehicles as well as new generation vehicles, identification technologies and communication between EVs and network, design of a electric mobility management system aiming at providing service to the end user on a marketplace: on this point please refer to the stakeholder section in the following chapter. 2.6 Seine Aval Véhicules Electriques (France) Link: More Between March 2011 and December 2012, 65 Renault-Nissan electric vehicles were driven in the Seine Aval area and 130 charging stations installed as part of SAVE (Seine Aval Véhicules Électriques), PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 21/40 France's biggest ever trial of all-electric mobility, made possible by a partnership between eight public1 and private2entities. On Monday July 8, 2013 the SAVE project participants met at the Renault production site in Flins to present a review of the project and the outlook for the future. The event was attended by Alain Schmitz, Chairman of the Yvelines departmental council and EPAMSA board and Philippe Hirtzman, representative for the national deployment of charging infrastructure with France's Ministry for Industrial Renewal. SAVE has met its objectives: providing experience in the deployment of all types of charging infrastructure and the associated services, contributing to knowledge on vehicle use and charging, convincing customers involved in the project: two customers out of three ordered an electric vehicle following the trial. Project Duration: 2011 until 2012 2.7 e-DASH Link: edash.eu The sustainable integration of the electric vehicles requires an intelligent charging system for the realtime exchange of charge related data between FEVs and the grid in order to allow the management of: High-current fast-charging for large numbers of FEVs in a brand-independent way Price-adaptive charging/reverse-charging at optimum price for the customer The real-time grid balancing according to spatial and temporal needs and capacities, influenced by the demand (FEVs) and the supply side (unpredictability of regenerative energies) Competent remote load charging process control in order to prevent damages of FEV batteries. It is the objective of e-DASH to develop those IC Technologies and processes that are needed to achieve the real-time integration of "FEVs" in the European Electricity Grid to enable an optimum electricity price to the customer and at the same time allows an effective load balancing in the grid. Great emphasis is placed on the "openness of the V2OEM Interface" granting access to multiple players maintaining the customers' choice. Project Duration: 36 Month until October 2014 2.8 E-Moving Link: emv The objectives of the e-Moving A2A and Renault-Nissan Alliance throughout this project are: PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 22/40 to be present, in the capacity of network service handler in the territories, to conduct a harmonious development of the distribution network of electrical energy and to reduce severely polluting emissions. To take part in studies in problem areas and the opportunities relating to the new service, integrating positively with the other persons involved. To make available to the Municipality the experience and the know-how deriving from a sustainable mobility system, namely, zero impact, in the city areas. To provide, at the close of the experimental phase, information and results necessary to assess the best possible subsequent stages. The pilot phase started in June 2010 in the cities of Milan and Brescia with the objective of testing the various components of the operative model for electric cars, drawn up in collaboration with Renault and A2A: technology and distribution of infrastructure of recharging, procedures and commercial solutions connected to the sale or leasing of electric cars, the interaction between the recharging network and the vehicles themselves, the supply of electric energy to recharge the vehicles and invoicing systems connected with these, handling of batteries and the maintenance of the electric cars. Throughout the project, 270 charging points in the in Lombardy region (200 in Milan and 70 in Brescia) will be installed. From those stations, 150 will be publicly available while the rest is designed for private use (garages, condominium car parks, company parking areas). 2.9 Green eMotion Link: home.php Project background The Green eMotion project is part of the European Green Cars Initiative (EGCI) that was launched within the context of the European Recovery Plan. It supports the achievement of the EU’s ambitious climate goals, such as the reduction of CO 2 emissions by 60 percent by the year 2050. EGCI supports the research and development of road transport solutions that have the potential to achieve sustainable as well as groundbreaking results in the use of renewable and non-polluting energy sources. The Green eMotion project was officially launched by Siim Kallas, Vice President of the European Commission, at a high-level kick-off meeting in Bruxelles on 31 March 31 2011. Within four years, it will be working to prepare the foundation for the mass deployment of Europe-wide electromobility. The project has a total budget of €42 million and will be funded by the European Commission with €24 million. A joint effort for electromobility The Green eMotion consortium consists of forty-three partners from industry, the energy sector, electric vehicle manufacturers, and municipalities as well as universities and research institutions. They have joined forces to explore the basic conditions that need to be fulfilled for Europe-wide electromobility. The primary goal of the project is to define Europe-wide standards. To this end, practical research is being conducted in different demo regions all over Europe with the aim of developing and demonstrating a commonly accepted and user-friendly framework that combines interoperable and scalable technical solutions with a sustainable business platform. For the implementation of this framework, Green PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 23/40 eMotion will take into account smart grid developments, innovative ICT solutions, different types of EVs, as well as urban mobility concepts. Project duration: 2011 until 2014 2.10 Freveu Link: http://frevue.eu/ The Project: State of the art of the electric freight vehicles implementation in city logistics Implementation of electric freight vehicles (EFVs) is not a new phenomenon. Over the last two decades several trials and demonstrations have been undertaken. Although today’s EFVs have greater range and improved loading capacity, the actual implementation of EFVs in city logistics operations is still limited. This FREVUE deliverable aims to identify current challenges and obstacles to the implementation and uptake of EFVs in city logistics, as well as to provide feedback and lessons from past and on-going projects. A review of demonstrators, trials and initiatives with EFVs resulted in the following challenges and success factors for EFV implementation and uptake in daily city logistics operations: Technical performance: the range of EFVs is usually not larger than 100 – 150 kilometres. The range promised by the manufacturer is often not reached, although new(er) vehicles have a higher real range. Whether the range is a limiting factor depends on the logistics operations. Technical issues observed include: failing batteries (and limited or late) support, equipment availability issues, relatively long charging time and the necessity to adapt charging infrastructure for fleet needs. The rapid improvement in the technology is mentioned as a reason for waiting to acquire EFVs. The limited availability of standard vehicles and vehicle types is also a factor that is seen as a barrier for EFV implementation. Operational performance: EFVs demonstrate both positive and negative operational performance characteristics compared to conventional vehicles. Because of their environmental performance and reduced noise level they are often permitted in larger geographical areas and time windows in cases where any of those restrictions exist. Some technological features, like an acute turning range, steering circle and improved visibility facilitate the manoeuvring of the vehicles in dense city areas. At the same time, charging, load capacity, maintenance and the need to adapt logistic concepts for the usage of EFVs are seen by operators as the main existing operational challenges. Not all freight operations are currently suitable for using EFVs, which is particularly the case for the long-haul operations and vehicles with a large loading capacity. In terms of the range, the payload and overnight charging, current EFVs performance levels are good enough for the distribution operations. Economics: currently the purchase price and total cost of ownership (TCO) for EFVs are significantly higher than for conventional vehicles. That is explained by the high battery cost and limited production volumes of these vehicles. In the longer term it is expected that EFVs will become more competitive, incorporating savings from the improved operational performance, reduction in purchase prices due to the massive production and associated environmental benefits. Currently, as operators are usually more focused on short term benefits, the wider uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) is difficult. The fact that the second-hand market and residual value of EFVs are not yet clearly known holds back some of the PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 24/40 operators in their purchase decision. Leasing and financing companies are also reluctant to invest due to these uncertainties. Battery leasing or swapping options are regarded as potential options to reduce vehicle purchase and operational costs. Environmental performance: undoubtedly EFVs have improved environmental performance, manifested in reduced CO2 emissions and reduced local emissions, compared to the ICE. For the full picture well-to-wheel emissions need to be considered and therefore certification of the electricity supply becomes important. No consensus has yet been reached on the wider systemic impacts of the EFVs which are mainly related to congestion. Social and attitudinal impact: being less noisy and more environmentally friendly than conventional vehicles, EVs are very well perceived by the general public and are receiving positive feedback from drivers in most of the initiatives. Training is necessary in order to familiarize drivers and general transport operators with the technical and operational particularities of the vehicles in order to achieve better results from the vehicle performance. The low noise generated was sometimes reported as a concern for the EFVs operations in the agglomeration areas. Impact of local policy and governance structure: at the current stage of the EFVs market development appropriate government policy is necessary in order to achieve the wider uptake of the EVs. Measures both supporting the usage of EFVs and discouraging the usage of ICEs are required and are already being successfully implemented by several European municipalities. Another way to stimulate the wider uptake of EFVs is by using them in the authorities’ fleets. Overall, the overview of EFV initiatives in city logistics identified three key issues: 1. The need for an adapted logistics concept that enables the use of EFVs in city logistics operations to overcome range and load concerns. 2. The need (or desirability) of authorities support to increase EFV uptake in city logistics activities. 3. The opportunities that EFVs offer for private logistics companies to demonstrate their commitment to improving their environmental performance i.e. green image, visibility in cities. These three issues and ways to deal with them are examined and discussed in more detail in the seven case studies addressed in the deliverable: - The cases of Chronopost (France) - Distripolis (France) - Elcidis (France) - TNT’s mobile depot (Belgium) - Cargohopper (The Netherlands) - London (UK) and - Utrecht (The Netherlands). A literature review together with the results from the case studies provided some operational lessons to be learnt from previous and on-going trials and initiatives: Detailed planning of a demonstration process PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 25/40 is very important; For municipalities it is important to be coherent and consistent in their policy approach following a step by step method: building infrastructure, promotion, supporting EFVs and restricting conventional vehicles; Private-public cooperation is important especially during the initial trials that involve EFVs; From an operational point of view, driver training is important alongside the establishment of the correct vehicle charging routine; Sharing the results with others outside the project is important, in order to encourage far wider uptake of EVs, since this might reduce uncertainties for companies not familiar with EVs. The state of the art review, conducted in this deliverable, illustrates the high importance and relevance of FREVUE as a project focusing on the implementation and assessment of freight electric vehicles in city logistics. There are many gaps in knowledge about the freight EVs technological and operation performance, which constrain private operators in their decision to buy a vehicle. The added value of the FREVUE project will therefore be higher if the project answers these frequently asked questions regarding EFVs. The review conducted in this deliverable indicates what some of these questions are, which will therefore be among the guiding questions of the Central Evaluation Framework to be produced in WP1: What is the residual value of the freight EV? What are the factors that determine the residual value of the freight EVs? What kind of operation is suitable for freight EVs? What are the wider systemic impacts from freight EV implementation? 2.11 ZeEUS - Zero Emission Urban Bus System Link: http://zeeus.eu/ Scope: Testing electrification solutions at the heart of the urban bus system network through live urban demonstrations and facilitating the market uptake of electric buses in Europe. Duration: Nov 2013 – April 2017 [42 Months] Budget: 22.5m EUR (13.5 EU Funding) Coordinator: UITP 40 Partners: TMB, ENDESA, ENIDE, UPC, IDIADA, D’APPOLONIA, RWTH, BERENDS, FRAUNHOFER, SOLARIS, SKODA, VOLVO, SWMU, UWB, GMV, EURELECTRIC, FH LA, VDL, VATT, SWBV, PMDP, PT, SLL, TFL, TTR, TRL, VTT, ADL, PE, UNIROMA1, ASSTRA, VIKT, VDV, POLIS, SSE, UTP, SPT, IRIZAR, UITP. Coordinated by UITP, ZeEUS is co-funded by the European Commission under the 7th Research and Technological Development Framework Programme (FP7), Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport under grant agreement n°605485. The ZeEUS project has been launched by the European Commission in the frame of the European Green Vehicle and Smart Cities & Communities. ZeEUS, the Zero Emission Urban Bus System, aims to be the main EU activity to extend the fully-electric solution to the core part of the urban bus network. It fits within the context of the European Commission’s objective to create a competitive and sustainable transport system. To achieve its mission, ZeEUS will test innovative electric bus technologies with different charging infrastructure solutions in eight demonstration sites across 6 European countries to validate their economic, environmental and society viability. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 26/40 The ZeEUS consortium is comprised of the entire stakeholder spectrum that represents all of the key actors and decision maker categories who will facilitate the process of extending the electric solution to the core urban bus network. Moreover, the ZeEUS project seeks to be the flagship electric bus project that will also closely follow the development of electric bus systems all around the world through the ZeEUS Observatory. Selected Observed and Monitored Demonstrations will directly contribute to some of the ZeEUS core activities and strategic outputs. Objectives: Provide decision makers with Guidelines and Tools to support decision makers on “if”, “how”, and “when” to introduce electric buses in the core bus network Evaluate the economic, environmental and societal feasibility of electric urban bus systems through demonstrations Facilitate the market uptake of electric buses in Europe with dedicated support tools and actions 2.12 MOBI.Europe Link: www.mobieurope.eu User focus Users are the center of the pilots. The services selected must provide added value to the users and to the community when compared to non-green mobility solutions in order to be a key driver for a faster pace towards EV adoption. It is therefore of paramount importance to give added-value to the user, by bringing in to the project pervasive and user-desired technologies that can enable active empowering strategies from the end-user enacting collaborative methods, between industry and users, towards efficient and comfortable energy use scenarios; Openness and flexibility As any industry in its early stages, electric mobility needs flexibility to better adapt to new or changing needs. ICT technologies are pivotal in providing this flexibility; the pilot will be inspired by the use of cooperative systems allowing easy integration among several different solutions promoting global interoperability, that for the time being is one of the features this industry is lacking; Scalable solutions The proposed architecture is designed to form a scalable base for long-term deployment, meaning it must be able to adapt, without significant problems or impacts, to changes in size and number of users. In a desired massive deployment, the number of charging points will greatly increase as will the number of EV and users. Moreover an increase in number and type of functions can also be expected to happen; Standardization The use of user-focused, open and scalable ICT solutions is the relevant basis for these solutions to contribute to the setting of new/improved industry standards, which are currently lacking. 2.12.1 Mobi.E (Portugal) Link: en PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 27/40 The MOBI.E network is an intelligent charging network or the deployment of electric mobility. Available throughout Portugal, and accessible to all users, the MOBI.E network will allow to an optimal exploitation of the electric grid: in a near future it will allow grid managers to control the electric vehicles charging process, transferring consumption from peak to low demand periods; later on, it will have the possibility to re-enter into the grid the electricity stored in the EVs in a simple and user-friendly way, avoiding in this way the peaks of electricity production. But the MOBI.E network is more than a set of charging stations. The developed technology is also a payment system, and at the same time, it allows users, among other services, to discover and select charging locations, plan routes and know the charge level of their vehicles. At any moment, through their personal computers or mobile phones, the users will be able to select the most appropriate operation, analyse their own mobility bill in order to optimize consumption. A MOBI.E card is required to join the network. Know more about how to join HERE. 2.12.2 Mobi.E (Ireland) Link: ireland Status of the pilot ESB ecars is responsible for the roll-out and operation of the EV charging infrastructure and supporting IT systems inIreland. Good progress has been made with the installation of charging infrastructure across the country and there is now a growing network of over 1,000 charge-points installed in public, domestic and commercial locations acrossIreland, with more being added monthly In addition, 46 new fast chargers will be rolled out in Ireland during 2013. They will be primarily installed at service stations and other prime locations along the country’s main intercity routes. The ESB eCars initiative together with the Department for Regional Development Northern Ireland (DRD NI) has begun the rollout of the 46 new fast chargers (41 in the Republic, 5 in Northern Ireland) The fast chargers will typically enable an 80% charge in just 20 minutes, and will be in addition to the 30 fast chargers already installed throughout the Republic of Ireland This roll-out is part funded with €2.1 million from the EU, to provide 50% funding for the project. The funding has been secured under the EU Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T). The funding will also contribute towards the development of IT systems to support the fast charging infrastructure network and will facilitate cross-border roaming and payment for electricity. 2.12.3 Mobi.E (Netherland) Link: the-netherlands Since 2008, the municipality of Amsterdam has been investing in charging points to encourage electric driving. At present there are nearly 500 public charging points, and that number will grow rapidly to 1000, begin 2014. This charging network makes Amsterdam a world leader in promoting electric driving. Recently, the municipality of Amsterdam, together with the municipalities of Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht, signed a collaboration agreement with the foundation e-laad. The four cities and e-laad have agreed to roll-out another 3.000 public charging points by the end of 2014.The agreement also PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 28/40 includes the user-friendliness of the charging points, the use of an open communication protocol and connecting with European standardization. Through the city of Amsterdam, the pilot Amsterdam of MOBI.Europe now also cooperates with 2 additional charge point operators and charging service providers being Essent (an RWE company) and Nuon (part of Vattenfall). Both parties have been selected earlier by the municipality of Amsterdam to install public charging points. This brings the total of parties cooperating in the pilot Amsterdam to six: the two partners in MOBI.Europe being Liander (Dutch DSO) and the municipality of Amsterdam, and four mobility providers being subcontracted by MOBI.Europe: Foundation e-laad (charge point operator), The New Motion (charge point operator and charging service provider), Essent and Nuon. As a result of the above situation, four different mobility providers are running four different backoffices in the pilot Amsterdam. This creates a challenge that in fact equals a challenge of national interoperability. To address this national challenge several market parties have worked together on this topic and basic ‘roaming’ has been available between these parties since end of 2010. Recently, they established a more formal association for interoperability in the Netherlands: eViolin; amongst them being e-laad, The New Motion, Nuon and Essent. eViolin has the objectives to facilitate the use of electric cars, the pursuit of general accessibility of charging points from both a commercial and technical perspective, interoperability and to create and maintain a level playing field. The parties involved in the pilot Amsterdam have started defining use cases to be demonstrated. The use cases are divided into four areas being: interoperability, smart charging (by prioritizing demand, avoid peak demand and use local production), user-interaction via car navigation and emissions management. 2.12.4 Mobi.E (Spain) Link: spain Status of the pilot During the first half of 2012 the first steps of the Spanish pilot have begun. Specifically, six electric vehicles have been acquired and have been equipped with the systems customized by Welgood to manage and control the car sharing service. The adaptation and integration of the on-board equipment is a critical part to solve the technical problems that may arise and to ensure that the test with the users of the service is as convenient as possible. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 29/40 The car sharing test with electric vehicles is completed with the platform through which subjects, after registering, can book the cars and pick them at the time and place of their choice. To facilitate this process, the platform has been developed in a web environment, so it can be accessed from any device with internet access. Furthermore, it was started the analysis of interoperability issues with the charging network in Portugal. The proximity of the Portuguese border to the city of Vigo, separated by about 35 km, makes feasible the possibility of cross-border trips with electric vehicles, so it is highly desirable to ensure interoperability of charging networks on both sides of the border. Thus, an electric vehicle driver who visits the city of Vigo will have no problems with his vehicle when recharging in the infrastructure available in the city. And also the other way around. This also serves to strengthen the social, economic, cultural and historical links between Galicia and the northern region of Portugal, which form one of the most indisputable Euroregions of the European Union. Finally, the MOBI.Europe project objectives are aligned with other projects approved in the CIP ICT PSP call. The Evaluation Working Group has developed a list of common indicators to assess the impact of ICT services applied to electro-mobility initiatives. In the case of the pilot in Vigo, it is being analysed the data to be registered in the system in order to calculate the indicators defined. This exercise will demonstrate the ease, or not, to measure these indicators within the project. More generally, they will eventually be applicable to any service associated to electro-mobility. One of the critical aspects that will make viable and successful the pilot test of electro-mobility in Vigo is the consortium responsible for carrying it out. In this case, the three organizations involved, FAIMEVI, WELGOOD and CTAG, have distinctive and complementary profiles, so as to ensure the proper perspective in the design, setting up and operation of the pilot. These three organizations have joined their skills and experience to carry out the electromobility pilot test in the city of Vigo, focusing their efforts on the charging network installed in the car parks of the city, roaming with the Portuguese charging network and the urban car sharing pilot 2.13 PlanGridVE – Mass roll-out of EV’s with DER integration Link: http://www.plangridev.eu/project.html The anticipated mass roll-out of electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe and the continuously increasing number of distributed energy resources (DER) are posing major challenges to Europe's Distribution System Operators (DSOs) with regard to ensuring a secure and reliable energy supply and network operation. PlanGridEV: Distribution grid planning and operational principles for EV mass roll-out while enabling DER integration PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 30/40 The overall objective of PlanGridEV is therefore to develop new network planning tools and methods for European DSOs for an optimized large-scale roll-out of electromobility in Europe whilst at the same time maximizing the potential of DER integration. The comprehensive approach of PlanGridEV takes into account requirements and constraints of all relevant stakeholders, in particular through an effective cooperation between Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and DSOs accompanied by leading scientific and technological research partners in the consortium. Project concept and approach For the first time, PlanGridEV will adopt a European approach involving DSOs as well as OEMs to develop new distribution network planning rules and operational principles. This approach accounts for the need to adopt a multi-stakeholder perspective to satisfy customer expectations and to ensure a safe and efficient network operation integrating EVs. The research strategy of PlanGridEV will focus on the perspective of planning rules and operational principles, thereby following the steps below. 2.14 DG CONNECT - Projects DG CONNECT helps to harness information & communications technologies in order to create jobs and generate economic growth; to provide better goods and services for all; and to build on the greater empowerment which digital technologies can bring in order to create a better world, now and for future generations End with FP7 activities ==> More in Digital Agenda under H2020 2.14.1 ICT 4 EVEU Link: www.ict4eveu.eu ICT 4 EVEU aims at the integration of different management systems operating on existing electric vehicle infrastructures (including different types of charging poles) in Bristol (UK), Vitoria/Pamplona (ES), and Ljubljana/Maribor (SI). The project will deploy interoperable services targeting electric vehicles, public/corporate fleets and public transport systems. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 31/40 2.14.2 SmartCEM Link: www.smartcem-project.eu SmartCEM will apply advanced mobility services (navigation, efficient driving, trip and charging station management for electric vehicles) in Barcelona (ES), Gipuzkoa-San Sebastian (ES), Newcastle (UK) and Turin (IT). The project will develop tools for measuring, monitoring and assessing carbon emissions while supporting pan-European interoperability of the offered services. 2.14.3 MOLECULES Link: www.molecules-project.eu MOLECULES will test -in Barcelona (ES), Berlin (DE) and Paris (FR)- urban and inter-urban pre-trip and on-trip planning and optimization based on the energy use and charging of electric vehicles, as well as vehicle to grid connectivity. Car-sharing schemes for electric vehicles and seamless integration with other modes of transport will also be demonstrated. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 32/40 3. Industrie-Aktivitäten außerhalb der EC Es gibt eine Reihe von Verbänden und Organisationen die sich dem Thema Elektromobilität verschrieben haben. Dies ist keine vollständige Aufzählung sondern dient einen Blick auf die in Europa relevanten Organisationen. (Auf einen spezifischen Blick auf Deutschland wurde hier verzichtet.) 3.1 AVERE - European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles AVERE wurde als Organisation 1978 gegründet und ist ein europäisches Netzwerk von Mitgliedern, einschließlich Benutzer, Nichtregierungsorganisationen, Interessengruppen, Behörden, Forschung Verbände, & Entwicklungseinrichtungen, Fahrzeug- und Gerätehersteller und Stromversorger. Hauptziel AVEREs ist die Förderung der Verwendung von Batterie-, Hybrid -und Brennstoffzellen- Elektrofahrzeuge, einzeln und in Flotten und für Prioritätsgebrauch, um umweltverträglichere Mobilität für Städte und Länder zu erreichen. Die Hauptaktivitäten, um diese Ziele zu erreichen, sind Verbreitung der Ziele, Vernetzung, Überwachung, Teilnahme an europäischen und multilateralen Projekten, Lobbyarbeit, Forschung und Entwicklung. AVERE repräsentiert die Interessen der Elektroantrieb-Branche und deren Anliegen, insbesondere der F&E-Einrichtungen, gegenüber der Europäischen Kommission. AVERE hat Nationalverbände als stimmberechtigte Mitglieder, dazu zwei europäische Netzwerke: 'CITELEC' - Verband der europäischen Städte und deren Interesse an Elektrofahrzeugen und 'Eurelectric' - Union der Elektrizitätswirtschaft. Es gibt auch viele Direktmitglieder. Insgesamt zählt AVERE über 1000 direkte und indirekte Mitglieder. AVERE - Europa und Afrika vertretend - bildet die Welt Electric Vehicle Association ( WEVA ) zusammen mit EVAAP - für die Regionen Asien - Pazifik und EDTA - für Amerika. Zurzeit sind 18 Nationen in Europa Mitglied bei AVERE. Auszug aus der Partner und Mitgliederliste von AVERE: Globale Vereinigungen: WEVA - World Electric Vehicle Association EDTA - Electric Drive Transportation Association EVAAP - Electric Vehicle Association for Asia Pacific Nationale Verbände: BVmobil - Austrian Sustainable Mobility ASBE - Belgian Electric Vehicle Association BAEPS - Bulgarian Electric Vehicle Association Elektromobily - Czech Electric Cars Association AVERE France - French Electric Vehicle Association DGES - German Electric Vehicle Association HELIEV - Hellenic Institute od Electric Vehicles PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 33/40 CIVES - Italian Electric Vehicle Commission AMAVE MC2D - MonacoDéveloppementDurable NORSTART - Norvegian Electric Vehicles Association Poland - Polish Electric Vehicle Association APVE- Portoguese Electric Vehicles Association AVELE - Spanish Electric Vehicles Association SWEVA - Swedish Electric Vehicles Association DEVS - Slovenian Electric Vehicles Association Tunisia - Tunisian Electric Vehicle Association Mitglieder im Netzwerk und und sonstige Partner: CITELEC - Cities and Electric Vehicles EURELECTRIC - Union of Electricity Industry Cars21.com IAMF - International Advanced Mobility Forum Challenge Bibendum A.F.R.E. - Association Française pour le Bateau Electrique ETRA European Twowheel Retailers' Association LEVA: Light Electric Vehicle Association Areva such darüber hinaus den engen Kontakt zur Europäischen Kommission um sich hier entsprechend zu positionieren! Das aktive Netzwerk der Mitglieder als auch der Organisation ist ein starkes Konstrukt in der Europäischen Meinungsbildung. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 34/40 3.2 eMI3 eMI3 ist ein Akronym für eMobility ICT Interoperabilität Innovation Group Unter dem Dach der ERTICO1, ist eMI³ ist eine offene Gruppe von bedeutenden Akteuren aus der globalen Interessengruppe von Akteuren der Elektromobilität. eMI3 versucht dabei die Marktkräfte zu verbinden und die IKT-Datendefinitionen, Formaten, Schnittstellen und Austauschmechanismen zu harmonisieren, um so zu ermöglichen, dass eine gemeinsame „Sprache“ zwischen allen ICT-Plattformen für Elektrofahrzeuge entstehen kann. eMI³ Kernziele liegen in der Entwicklung, Veröffentlichung, Weitergabe und Förderung von IKTNormen. Auszug aus der Mitgliederliste (Stand März 2015): 1 ERTICO - ITS Europe is a partnership of around 100 companies and institutions involved in the production of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Together, ERTICO Partners conduct a range of activities to develop and deploy ITS to save lives, protect the environment and sustain mobility in the most cost-effective way PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 35/40 3.3 Paneuropäische eRoaming Initiative e-clearing.net, GIREVE, MOBI.E, Enel und Hubject haben in verschieden Ländern unterschiedliche eRoamingLösungsangebote etabliert. eRoaming-Plattformen Elektromobilitätsmarkt verschiedenen fungieren als Bindeglieder Marktakteuren. im zwischen Betreiber von Ladeinfrastrukturen werden über diese Business- und ITPlattformen mit Fahrstromanbietern und Fahrzeugherstellern vernetzt. Diese Vernetzung ermöglicht Elektroautofahrern das unkomplizierte Laden an Ladestationen außerhalb des Ladenetzwerkes ihres Anbieters. Die fünf Plattformen haben in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern bereits Lösungsangebote im Bereich eRoaming etabliert. Mit der im Herbst 2014 ins Leben gerufenen Paneuropäischen Initiative treiben die Partner nun gemeinsam mit mehr als 30 weiteren Unternehmen verschiedenster Branchen die Vernetzung der einzelnen Plattformen voran. Im Ergebnis sollen so die Hürden für die Nutzung von Elektrofahrzeugen verringert und eine interoperable Ladeinfrastruktur geschaffen werden. Im ersten Schritt werden die Plattformbetreiber die zum Auffinden von Ladestationen benötigten Geodaten ihrer angeschlossenen Ladestationsbetreiber konsolidieren. Noch in diesem Jahr soll auch das Laden von Elektrofahrzeugen an Stationen dieser fünf eRoaming-Plattformen durch das so genannte „Interroaming“ ermöglicht werden. Mit ihrem Engagement zur Vernetzung der Plattformen kommen die Mitgliedsunternehmen der Paneuropäischen eRoaming-Initiative auch dem ausdrücklichen Wunsch der Politik nach, heißt es weiter. So habe die Europäische Kommission in der Direktive „Aufbau der Infrastruktur für alternative Kraftstoffe“ kürzlich formuliert: „Die Betreiber von Ladestationen dürfen den Kunden Leistungen zum Aufladen von Elektrofahrzeugen auf Vertragsbasis, auch im Namen und Auftrag anderer Dienstleister, erbringen.“ Ein Auszug aus der Liste der unterstützenden Partner: PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 36/40 4. Schlussfolgerung und Empfehlung Aus der Vielzahl der Projekte in Europa hat sich im Kreis der Experten ein mehr oder minder deutliches Bild ergeben, wo Elektromobilität heute steht und welche Aktivitäten in Zukunft relevant sind. Die Abschlussberichte mehrere Projekte verweisen deutlich auf die zentralen Ansatzpunkt für die Politik als auch die ökonomisch orientierten Ansätze auf. Es ist auch offensichtlich, dass die stark forschungsorientierte Phase in der technische Grundlagen geschaffen worden sind, vor dem Ende steht. Forschungsbedarf ist jedoch weiterhin in Spezialgebieten erforderlich die für den Gesamterfolg der Elektromobilität weiterhin relevant sind. Dies bedeutet, dass von einem vollständigen Anschluss einer Marktvorbereitungsphase weder in Deutschland noch in Europa gesprochen werden kann. Lediglich das kollektive Wissen hat deutlich zugenommen und eine Beurteilung der Relevanz einzelner Aspekte ist deutlich einfacher geworden. Sichtbar ist weiterhin die kommerziell zunehmende Verwertung von Konzepten (durchaus durch StartUp Unternehmen) und die „Sortierung“, welche Akteure, an welchen Marktchancen partizipieren möchten. Ungelöste Probleme wie ein fehlendes Geschäftsmodell für den Betrieb von Ladeinfrastruktur hemmen jedoch einen schnellen Durchbruch ebenso wie noch zögerliche Verschärfung von Umweltund Klimaschutzzielen. Diese Maßnahmen würde den oft zitierten TCO 2-Ansätzen und der Reichweitendiskussion wirksame Argumente entgegen setzen. Um in dieser Phase die Elektromobilität zu unterstützen und voran zu treiben ist es unerlässlich Förderprogramme für Demonstrationsvorhaben (nicht FuE Vorhaben!) aufzusetzen, die es den Akteueren leichter ermöglichen ihre Prototypen so weiter zu entwickeln, dass sie Massenmarkt tauglich sind und gleichzeitig in der Öffentlichkeit bekannt werden. Darüber hinaus sollte daran gearbeitet werden, dass Startups leichter Zugang zu Venture Capital erhalten um ihre innovativen Geschäftsideen voran zu treiben. Weiterhin ist aus den aktuellen Entwicklungen zu erkennen, dass sich Marktakteure auf europäischer Ebene zusammenschließen um gemeinsame Standards für die notwendige Zusammenarbeit zu entwickeln. Diese Zusammenschlüsse sind allerdings häufig durch nationale Industriepolitik stark beeinflusst und setzen ein aktives nationales Mandat voraus um hier Einfluss geltend zu machen. Insbesondere Frankreich und Deutschland kommt als zentrales Transitland mit entsprechenden Marktpotentialen eine zentrale Rolle bei dieser Entwicklung zu. Als Zusammenfassung der derzeitigen Projekte rund um das Thema zeigt sich aktuell eine Konzentration der Elektromobilität auf folgende Kernbereiche: 2 Urbane Konzepte inkl. Multimodalität Privat-PKW/Firmen-PKW die zu Hause bzw. auf dem Firmengelände laden Wirtschaftsverkehr mit planbaren Grundlagen TCO = Total-Cost-of-Ownership; Gesamtkostenbetrachtung PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 37/40 Darüber hinaus gibt es weniger im Fokus stehende Themen die einen noch zu geringen Reifegrad für einen Markthochlauf haben (Noch zu viele technische Optionen und unvorhersehbare Entwicklungen). Diese können nur über zusätzliche Fördermaßnahmen betrieben werden: Langstrecken Elektromobilität (PKW) inkl. der erforderlichen Ladeinfrastruktur Langstrecken Wirtschaftsverkehr Öffentliche Ladeinfrastrukturen Neben den Schwerpunktthemen sind jedoch auch eine Reihe von Problemen in fast allen Projekten zu Tage getreten und in den Berichten entsprechend dokumenteiert. Hier eine Auswahl der größten Hemmnisse in der europaweiten Umsetzung: Fehlende Standards im Bereich der Hardwarekomponenten (Fahrzeug und Energiewirtschaft) Hier tritt recht klar ein großer Konkurrenzkampf der Automobilhersteller auf. Individuelle Fahrzeugentwicklungen sollen quasi zum Standard etabliert werden und es entsteht folglich ein Machtkampf um diese Positionen. (Stichwort in diesem Kontext auch die Nationale Industriepolitik die auch die Tier1 und 2 Zulieferbranche eines Landes zu schützen sucht) Die Standardisierungsvorhaben laufen, werden jedoch auch wegen mangelnden Handlungsdrucks (Sowohl Ökonomisch aus auch Legislativ) nicht forciert. Gleichfalls wenig Kompromissbereit sind die großen Energieversorgungsunternehmen die im Zuge der Öffnung und Flexibilisierung der Geschäftsprozesse auf Grund Ihrer Größe und traditioneller Abläufe Gefahr laufen, Marktmacht und Umsätze zu verlieren. Kleine flexible und schnelle Akteure finden in den Standardisierungsgremien auf Grund der Strukturen und Abläufe keine Möglichkeit mit zu arbeiten. Wirtschaftlich ist das meist nur für „Große“ darstellbar und folglich eine Art die Marktposition zu schützen. Interoperabilität Im Bereich der Investitionen für Fahrzeuge oder bei baulichen Maßnahmen wie einer Ladeinfrastruktur sind Standards zur langfristigen Investitionsentscheidung eine notwendige Voraussetzung. Im Bereich der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik sind auf der Ebene der Software und Schnittstellen (Protokolle) wesentlich schnellere und flexiblere Einigungsprozesse erforderlich. Aktuelle Normungsprozesse sind hierfür eindeutig zu langsam und analog verhält Einigungsprozesse es um sich mit begleitenden beispielswiese juristischen Prozesse. Identifikationsmerkmale Kurzfristige (Verträge und Infrastrukturelemente Europaweit/Weltweit) zu beschreiben müssen etabliert werden und die Politik kann den wirtschaftlichen Strukturen hierzu einen geeigneten Rahmen verschaffen und die Ergebnisse durch entsprechende Verordnungen legitimieren. Rechtssicherheit (Energierecht, Baurecht, Kommunale Rechtslage) Dieser Punkt ist im Wesentlichen durch die Richtlinie der 2014/94 der EU aufgenommen und in durch die Punkte die als Grundlage „in Erwägung“ einbezogen wurde. Hier ist explizit das Baurecht hervor zu heben, da hier e langfristige Bau- und Planungssicherheit geschaffen werden PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 38/40 muss. Die Umsetzung der allgemeinen baurechtlichen Vorschriften ist dann konsequent in kommunale Verordnungen zu überführen. Dem Aspekt des Energierechtes ist ebenfalls Bedeutung bei zu messen, da aktuell der Umbau unter dem Aspekt „Energiewende“ in allen europäischen Ländern voran schreitet. Die Elektromobilität hat aktuell hier zwar noch eine geringe Relevanz in Bezug auf die Gesamtenergiemengen und Marktprozesse aber spätestens bei der lokalen Netzbelastung im Niederspannungsbereich sind Aspekte der Gleichzeitigkeit zu beachten und daraus abgeleitet sind bestehende Regelungen und Definitionen des bestehenden Rechtsrahmens kritisch zu hinterfragen. Fehlende Skalen-Effekte für Massen roll-out Neben all den technischen Hemmnissen ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt der einen Massen-Roll-Out noch behindern die Tatsache, dass es keine signifikant große Zahlen in dem Absatzmärkten für Produkte und Dienstleistungen gibt. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass wesentlichen Elemente der Wertschöpfung massiven Unsicherheiten in der Prognose der weiteren Entwicklung anhaften. Folglich wird der weitere Ausbau stark von Anreizen abhängen die Risiken der Marktakteure mindern oder alternativ die Chance auf größere Erfolgschancen steigern. Wichtig ist dabei im Markt so genannte Technologieumbrüche sorgsam zu beobachten (z.B. Durchbruch bei der Batterietechnologie) und zum richtigen Zeitpunkt Anreize setzen um diese Entwicklung zum Positiven zu Nutzen. Positiv an zu merken ist die Tatsache, dass neben vielen (aufreibenden) Diskussionen zwischen OEM’s und EVU’s die Fraktion der IT-Unternehmen mit schnellen Produktlebenszyklen und der Flexibilität auch proprietäre Systeme zu verbinden zu einem der wichtigsten Treiber in Thema Elektromobilität wird. Die vermehrten Andeutungen von Aktivitäten im Mobilitätssektor seitens Google und Apple verstärken diesen Eindruck sicher noch. Die Konsequenz daraus, wäre um auch dem Bild einer Leitanbieterschaft treu zu bleiben, diesen Sektor der Deutschen Wirtschaft zu stärken. Positive Akteure wie das Beispiel Hubject oder BOSCH zeigen können uns zumindest in Europa eine zentrale Rolle sichern. Wichtig ist dabei jedoch eine enge Abstimmung/Partnerschaft mit Frankreich um hier die eigenen Interessen zu wahren. Grundsätzlich kann angemerkt werden, dass die Digitalisierung eine Veränderung in der gesamten Mobilität auslösen wird, die eine deutliche Transformation bestehender Industrien nach sich ziehen wird. Eine verstärke Zusammenarbeit auf allen Ebenen ist zwingend angeraten und die Nutzung bestehender Abstimmungs- und Meinungsbildungsprozesse durch ein klares Mandat der Politik zu verstärken. PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe 30.03.2015 Page 39/40 Deutsches Dialog Institut GmbH BridgingIT GmbH VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V. Eschersheimer Landstraße 223 60320 Frankfurt am Main N 7, 5-6 68161 Mannheim Stresemannallee 15 60596 Frankfurt am Main http://www.dialoginstitut.de PoV – Electro Mobility in Europe http://www.bridging-it.de http://www.vde.com 30.03.2015 Page 40/40
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