„Intensivpädagogik“ - das Gegenteil von Inklusion? Versuch einer Standortbestimmung Menno Baumann veröffentlicht unter den socialnet Materialien Publikationsdatum: 09.04.2015 URL: http://www.socialnet.de/materialien/221.php Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³GDV*HJHQWHLOYRQ,QNOXVLRQ"9HUVXFKHLQHU 6WDQGRUWEHVWLPPXQJ 0HQQR%DXPDQQ'VVHOGRUI$SULO =XVDPPHQIDVVXQJ 'HU%HLWUDJEHVFKlIWLJWVLFKPLWGHP]XQHKPHQGHQ$XVHLQDQGHUNODIIHQGHV$QVSUXFKV DXI ,QNOXVLRQ DXFK IU .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH PLW VW|UHQGHQ 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ XQG 3UREOHPHQ LP %HUHLFK GHV VR]LDOHPRWLRQDOHQ (UOHEHQV XQG 9HUKDOWHQV XQG GHU H[SORVLRQVDUWLJHQ =XQDKPH ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHU³ $QJHERWH IU GLHVHV .OLHQWHO GLH KlXILJ GRFK PLW 6SH]LDODQJHERWHQ MHQVHLWV GHU ÄSlGDJRJLVFKHQ 1RUPDOLWlW³ DJLHUHQ PVVHQXPEHUKDXSWQRFK=XJDQJ]XLKUHP.OLHQWHO]XILQGHQ(VZHUGHQGLH]HQWUDOHQ )UDJHVWHOOXQJHQ EHDUEHLWHW RE ,QNOXVLRQ IU GLHVHV .OLHQWHO EHUKDXSW HLQ ]HQWUDOHV 7KHPDLVWZLHLQGHU3UD[LVGHU%HJULIIÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³JHIOOWZLUGXQGZHOFKH )UDJHQ DQ HLQH ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN ]X VWHOOHQ VLQG GDPLW VLH GHP $QVSUXFK HLQH EHVRQGHUH 3lGDJRJLN IU EHVRQGHUV KHUDXVIRUGHUQGH MXQJH 0HQVFKHQ ]X VHLQ XQG JOHLFK]HLWLJ QLFKW QXU HLQH (SLVRGH LQ +LOIHYHUOlXIHQ ]X ZHUGHQ VRQGHUQ 7HLO GHU ,QNOXVLRQVEHPKXQJHQZDVNRPPWQDFKGHU,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN"IUGHQ(LQ]HOIDOO'LH EHVRQGHUH +HUDXVIRUGHUXQJ .RQWLQXLWlW DXFK LQ VFKZLHULJVWHQ +LOIHYHUOlXIHQ ]X JHZlKUOHLVWHQ DOV ]HQWUDOH $XIJDEH VRZRKO GHU ,QNOXVLRQ DOV DXFK GHU Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³LQGHU,QNOXVLRQELOGHWGLH]HQWUDOH7KHVHGLHVHV%HLWUDJHV 3''USKLOKDELO0HQQR%DXPDQQ EHUXIHQHU 3URIHVVRU IU ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN XQG 6WXGLHQJDQJVOHLWHU GHV EHUXIVEHJOHLWHQGHQ 0DVWHU6WXGLHQJDQJHV Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ DQ GHU )OLHGQHU)DFKKRFKVFKXOH 'VVHOGRUI VRZLH %HUHLFKVOHLWHU LP /HLQHUVWLIW H9HYDQJHOLVFKH.LQGHU-XJHQGXQG)DPLOLHQKLOIHXQWHUDQGHUHPIU GHQ%HUHLFKÄ,QQRYDWLYH+LOIHQ³ ZZZIOLHGQHUIDFKKRFKVFKXOHGH ZZZOHLQHUVWLIWDNDGHPLHGH EDXPDQQ#IOLHGQHUIDFKKRFKVFKXOHGH 1 (LQOHLWXQJ $OV LFK LP OHW]WHQ 6RPPHU GHQ 5XI DXI GLH 3URIHVVXU IU Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ DQ GHU )OLHGQHU+RFKVFKXOH LQ 'VVHOGRUI HUKDOWHQ KDEH NRPPHQWLHUWH HLQ .ROOHJH PHLQHQ :HFKVHOYRP,QVWLWXWIU6RQGHUSlGDJRJLNLQ2OGHQEXUJDXIGLHQHXH6WHOOHÄ1DGDQQ ZHFKVHOVW'XYRQGHU,QNOXVLRQLQGLH,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³"'LHVHU.RPPHQWDUKDWPLFK QDFKGHQNOLFKJHPDFKW,VWÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³WDWVlFKOLFKVRHWZDVZLHGDVÄ*HJHQWHLO³ YRQ,QNOXVLRQ",PIDFKOLFKHQ'LVNXUVVRZRKOLQGHUVRQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKHQ)DFKULFKWXQJ Ä(PRWLRQDOHXQG6R]LDOH(QWZLFNOXQJ³ZLHDXFKLQGHU6R]LDOHQ$UEHLWZRGDV3HQGDQW ZRKO LP %HUHLFK GHU 6R]LDOUDXPRULHQWLHUXQJ ]X VXFKHQ LVW NDQQ GLHVHV %LOG GXUFKDXV HQWVWHKHQ 6R YHUDQVWDOWHWH GLH 8QLYHUVLWlW +DQQRYHU LP -XQL LKU GULWWHV :HUNVWDWWJHVSUlFK Ä%UHQQSXQNWH VFKXOLVFKHU XQG DXHUVFKXOLVFKHU (U]LHKXQJVKLOIH³ XQWHU GHU hEHUVFKULIW Ä,QNOXVLYH YV LQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH $QJHERWH IU .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH PLW 9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ³ 'UHL -DKUH ]XYRU YHU|IIHQWOLFKWH 5RODQG 6WHLQ HLQHQ$XIVDW]PLWGHP7LWHOÄ3lGDJRJLNEHL9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ±]ZLVFKHQ,QNOXVLRQ XQG,QWHQVLYDQJHERWHQ³6WHLQ 6RZRKOLQGHUVRQGHUZLHDXFKLQGHUVR]LDOSlGDJRJLVFKHQ3UD[LV]HLJWVLFKHLQHVROFKH YHUPHLQWOLFKH 7UHQQOLQLH %HUDWXQJV XQG XQWHUVWW]XQJVRULHQWLHUWH $PEXODQ]V\VWHPH IU GLH LQNOXVLYH ± VROO LP KHXWLJHQ 6SUDFKJHEUDXFK YLHOIDFK KHLHQ LP 5DKPHQ YRQ JHPHLQVDPHQ 8QWHUULFKW UHDOLVLHUWH ± %HWUHXXQJ XQG )|UGHUXQJ YRQ .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQDXIGHUHLQHQ6HLWH5HLVHU:LOOPDQQ8UEDQDEHUDQGHUHUVHLWVLQ IDVWDOOHQ8PVHW]XQJVYHUVXFKHQ]%DPEXODQWHU)|UGHU]HQWUXPVDUEHLWLP6FKXOV\VWHP DXFKGLH6FKDIIXQJYRQÄ,QVHOO|VXQJHQ³.OHLQJUXSSHQDUEHLWXQG:HUNVWXIHQIU.LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH GLH WHPSRUlU QLFKW LP 8QWHUULFKW GHU .ODVVH YHUEOHLEHQ N|QQHQ 6R JHVFKHKHQ]%LQGHQ5H%%=¶VIUKHU5H%86LQ+DPEXUJ:LOOPDQQGXUFKGLH 6FKDIIXQJGHU3URMHNWNODVVHQLQ6FKOHVZLJ+ROVWHLQRGHUGLH:HUNSURMHNWHLQ)UDQNIXUW D0 )UH\EHUJ :ROII ± YRQ 6SH]LDOSURMHNWHQ IU MXQJH 0HQVFKHQ PLW VFKXOYHUPHLGHQGHQ 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ JDQ] DEJHVHKHQ 3RSS =7 KDW HV VRJDU 3UR]HVVH JHJHEHQ LQ GHQHQ .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH GLH GLH VFKXOLVFKH ,QNOXVLRQVIlKLJNHLW LKUHU 5HJLRQ EHUVWUDSD]LHUW KDEHQ VRJDU PLWWHOV GHV ,QVWUXPHQWHV 2 GHU )UHPGXQWHUEULQJXQJ QDFK 6*% 9,,, LQ DQGHUHU 5HJLRQHQ XQG %XQGHVOlQGHU ÄYHUVFKREHQ³ ZXUGHQ ± DOVR HLQHP 0D[LPXP DQ Ä([NOXVLRQ³ XQWHUZRUIHQ ZHUGHQ PXVVWHQXPHLQ0LQLPXPDQ6FKXOSIOLFKWHUIOOXQJJHZlKUOHLVWHQ]XN|QQHQ:LOOPDQQ 6'HU9RUVFKODJ.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGOLFKHPLWPDVVLYHQ6FKXOYHUVlXPQLVVHQ SHU*HULFKWVEHVFKOXVVLQ:RKQJUXSSHQXQG+HLPHQXQWHU]XEULQJHQLVWHEHQIDOOVLQGHQ OHW]WHQ ]ZDQ]LJ -DKUHQ LPPHU ZLHGHU GLVNXWLHUW ZRUGHQ XQG QDFK ZLH YRU QLFKW DEVFKOLHHQGEHXUWHLOWYJO5LFNLQJ6FKXO]H:LWWURFN 2IIHQVLFKWOLFK VWHOOHQ .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH PLW PDVVLYHQ 9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ HLQH EHVRQGHUH+HUDXVIRUGHUXQJIUHU]LHKHULVFKH+LOIHQGDUGLHGHQ5DKPHQGHU,QNOXVLRQ RIWJHQXJDEHUDXFKGHQ5DKPHQGHU(U]LHKXQJVV\VWHPHLQVJHVDPW]XVSUHQJHQGURKHQ %DXPDQQ±$XVVRQGHUXQJQXUZHQQDOOHVDQGHUHEHUHLWVJHVFKHLWHUWLVWXQGGDQQ VRNXU]ZLHP|JOLFK±'LH'LVNXVVLRQXPVHSDULHUHQGH+LOIHQlKQHOWGHUDOWHQÄ8OWLPD 5DWLR'HEDWWH³ ZLH ZLU VLH LQ GHU -XJHQGKLOIH DXV GHP 8PJDQJ PLW GHP XQJHOLHEWHQ .LQG ÄJHVFKORVVHQH 8QWHUEULQJXQJ³ NHQQHQ :LHVQHU 8QG VLH ZLUG JHQDXVR XQIUXFKWEDUHQGHQZLHHEHQGLHVH 'LH HQWVFKHLGHQGHQ )UDJHQ ODXWHQ GRFK :LH N|QQHQ .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH GLH RIIHQVLFKWOLFK LQWHQVLYH 8QWHUVWW]XQJ EUDXFKHQ GLHVH HLQ]HOIDOORULHQWLHUW XQG LQGLNDWLRQVEDVLHUW HUKDOWHQ XQG QLFKW DXI *UXQG HLQHV ]XYRU JHVFKHLWHUWHQ Ä7U\DQG (UURU3UR]HVVHV³GHUVWDQGDUGLVLHUWGXUFKVFKULWWHQZLUGZHLOHUVLFKVWDWLVWLVFKEHZlKUW KDEHQPDJ"8QGZLHNDQQGLHVHVRXPJHVHW]WZHUGHQGDVVÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³QLFKW DP(QGHHLQHUXQIUXFKWEDUHQ(VNDODWLRQVVSLUDOHDXVVFKOLHOLFKLQVWUHQJUHJOHPHQWLHUWHQ .OHLQVWJUXSSHQLQLQGLYLGXDOSlGDJRJLVFKHQ(LQ]HOPDQDKPHQDPEHVWHQLP$XVODQG RGHUVRJDULQJHVFKORVVHQHQ(LQULFKWXQJHQVWDWWILQGHWXQGGDVQLFKWZHLOZLUGLHVIUGLH ÄULFKWLJH³+LOIHKDOWHQ±GLHVNDQQLP(LQ]HOIDOOVRVHLQXQGLVWGDQQOHJLWLP±VRQGHUQ ZHLOXQVQLFKWVDQGHUHVPHKUHLQIlOOWRGHU]XU9HUIJXQJVWHKW"=XVDPPHQJHIDVVW:DV PVVHQ RGHU VROOWHQ ZLU LQ GHU 8PVHW]XQJ GHU ,QNOXVLRQ EHUFNVLFKWLJHQ GDPLW Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³QLFKWLKU*HJHQWHLOVRQGHUQLQWHJUDOHU%HVWDQGWHLOGLHVHV]HQWUDOHQ 0HQVFKHQUHFKWHVÄ,QNOXVLRQ³GDUVWHOOW" 3 Ä,QNOXVLRQ³YVÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³" (LQHHUVWH$QQlKHUXQJDQGLH)UDJHVWHOOXQJVHW]WHUVWHLQPDOHLQH$XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJ PLW GHU 7HUPLQRORJLH GHP DOOJHPHLQHQ 6SUDFKJHEUDXFK VRZRKO LP IDFKZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHQ 'LVNXUV YRU DOOHP DEHU LQ GHU SlGDJRJLVFKHQ 3UD[LV YRUDXV =XQlFKVWVWHOOWVLFKGLH)UDJHREGHU%HJULIIGHU,QNOXVLRQLPGHU]HLWLJHQ6SUDFKJHEUDXFK EHUKDXSW IU GLH .OLHQWHO PLW ZHOFKHU GLH 3URMHNWH DUEHLWHQ GLH VLFK GDV /DEHO Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ DXIHUOHJHQ JHHLJQHW HUVFKHLQW =XQlFKVW PVVHQ ZLU DOVR NOlUHQ :HULVWGDV.OLHQWHOGDVYHUPHLQWOLFKÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³$QJHERWH EHQ|WLJW"'LH ]ZHLWH )UDJH ODXWHW :DV PHLQW Ä,QNOXVLRQ³ XQG SDVVW GLHVHU %HJULII ]XP VNL]]LHUWHQ .OLHQWHO"8QGGULWWHQV:DVYHUELUJWVLFKDNWXHOOXQGZDVN|QQWHVLFK]XNXQIWVZHLVHQG XQWHUGHP%HJULIIÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³YHUEHUJHQ" %HL GHU )UDJH ZHU GLH $GUHVVDWHQ YHUPHLQWOLFK LQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHU $QJHERWH VLQG ]HLJWVLFKHLQHDOOJHPHLQHhEHUHLQVWLPPXQJGLHLQLKUHP(UJHEQLVDEHUGLIIXVEOHLEWMD EOHLEHQPXVV=DKOUHLFKH6WXGLHQLQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ.RQWH[WHQVLQGLP*UXQGH]XGHP (UJHEQLVJHNRPPHQGDVV.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGOLFKHLQ6HWWLQJVGLHDOVEHVRQGHUVLQWHQVLY JHOWHQ .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH VLQG GLH LQ EHVRQGHUHP 0DH GHQ ÄNODVVLVFKHQ³ 5LVLNRIDNWRUHQGHU(QWZLFNOXQJDXVJHVHW]WVLQG)DPLOLlUH6SDQQXQJHQXQG.RQIOLNWH *HZDOWHUIDKUXQJHQ 9HUQDFKOlVVLJXQJ DQGHUH )RUPHQ GHU 7UDXPDWLVLHUXQJ QLHGULJHU %LOGXQJVVWDQG GHU (OWHUQ SV\FKLVFKH (UNUDQNXQJHQ RGHU 6XFKWYHUKDOWHQ VRZRKO DXI (OWHUQVHLWH DOV DXFK GHV MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ VHOEHU XQG YRU DOOHP HLQH HQRUPH 'LVNRQWLQXLWlWLP/HEHQVODXIXQGLQGHQ/HEHQVNRQWH[WHQVLQG.HUQPHUNPDOHGLHVLFK GXUFKDOOH6WXGLHQLQGLHVHP)HOGGXUFK]LHKHQYJO(QVHU6FKZDEH6WDOOPDQQ 9XVW6II%DXPDQQ(EHQIDOOV]HLFKQHWVLFKLQDOOHQUHOHYDQWHQ6WXGLHQ DE GDVV DXFK GLH +LOIHYHUOlXIH GLHVHU .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ HVNDOLHUHQG XQG GLVNRQWLQXLHUOLFK YHUODXIHQ %DXPDQQ 6FKZDEH HW DO 0HQN 6FKQRUU 6FKUDSSHU 'DV (UJHEQLV VLQG KlXILJ XQVLFKHUHUH XQG GHVRUJDQLVLHUWH %LQGXQJVUHSUlVHQWDWLRQHQXQGHLQH5HLKHYRQ9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQGLHDNWXHOOXQWHUGHP .RQVWUXNWGHU7UDXPDIROJHVW|UXQJVXEVXPPLHUWZHUGHQYJO6FKOHLIIHU 6FKPLG $OOHGLHVH$VSHNWHVLQGDEHUÄOHLGHU³QLFKWÄW\SLVFK³IUÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHV .OLHQWHO³VRQGHUQWUHIIHQLQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHP$XVPDGDV.OLHQWHOHU]LHKHULVFKHUXQG VRQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKHU+LOIHQLQVJHVDPWYJO]%-XOLXV 4 $XI GHU VR JHQDQQWHQ 6\PSWRPHEHQH ]HLJW VLFK GDVV HV EHVRQGHUV )RUPHQ GHU N|USHUOLFKHQ XQG VH[XHOOHQ hEHUJULIILJNHLW HLQ DNWLYHU 6XEVWDQ]HQPLVVEUDXFK RIW LQ .RPELQDWLRQPLWGHDOHQGLUHNWLQGHQ6HWWLQJVVRZLHHLQ(QW]XJDXVGHQ6HWWLQJVGXUFK )HUQEOHLEHQ:HJODXIHQRGHUGHU7RWDOYHUZHLJHUXQJVLQGGLHMHQDFK$XVSUlJXQJXQG .RPELQDWLRQ PLWHLQDQGHU HLQHQ MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ ]XP Ä6\VWHPVSUHQJHU³ PDFKHQ %DXPDQQ 6FKZDEH (LQH SKlQRPHQRORJLVFKH $QQlKHUXQJ DQ GLHVHQ 7KHPHQEHUHLFKVFKHLQWDOVRZHQLJVLQQYROOZHQQEHUKDXSWP|JOLFKGDVLHQXU]HLJW ZDVNHLQHQYHUZXQGHUWXQGGHQQRFKHUVFKUHFNHQGXQEHVWLPPWEOHLEHQPXVV $XFKGLHWHUPLQRORJLVFKH)UDJHZLHGLHVHV.OLHQWHO]XEHQHQQHQLVWZHOFKHVRIIHQEDU GHU 3lGDJRJLN EHVRQGHUH 6FKZLHULJNHLWHQ EHUHLWHW XQG GHVKDOE HLQH ÄLQWHQVLYH³ ,QWHUYHQWLRQVIRUP EHQ|WLJW EHUHLWHW XQV VHLW -DKUHQ 6FKZLHULJNHLWHQ :lKUHQG LQ GHU )DFKZHOW GLYHUVH 'LVNXUVH ]X GLHVHU )UDJH ODXIHQ YJO hEHUEOLFN EHL 6FKZDEH HW DO 6IXQG]XGHQJOHLFKHQ(UJHEQLVVHQNRPPHQZLHVFKRQGHU'LVNXUVEHUGHQ %HJULIIGHUÄ9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJ³XQGVHLQHU$OWHUQDWLYHQYRU-DKUHQYJO+LOOHQEUDQG GDV QlPOLFK OHW]WOLFK NHLQ :HJ GDUDQ YRUEHL ]X IKUHQ VFKHLQW VLFK DXI HLQH SUDJPDWLVFKH)RUPHO]XHLQLJHQYRQGHUZLUDOOHZLVVHQGDVVVLHXQ]XOlQJOLFKLVWXQG EOHLEHQZLUGKDEHQVLFKLQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKHQ3UD[LVQHEHQ]DKOUHLFKHQ$SKRULVPHQGLH %HJULIIH ÄGLH 6FKZLHULJVWHQ³ ÄEHVRQGHUV KHUDXVIRUGHUQGH -XJHQGOLFKH³ XQG Ä6\VWHPVSUHQJHU³GXUFKJHVHW]W$OOHGLHVH%HJULIIHEH]HLFKQHQ.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGOLFKH GLH PLW LKUHP 9HUKDOWHQ 3lGDJRJHQ VR DQ GLH *UHQ]HQ EULQJHQ GDVV HLQ QRUPDOHU SlGDJRJLVFKHU8PJDQJQLFKWYROO]LHKEDULVWXQGVRPLWSlGDJRJLVFKH3UR]HVVHJHUDGHLQ LQNOXVLYHQ 6HWWLQJV JHIlKUGHW MD YLHOIDFK HEHQ ÄJHVSUHQJW³ ZHUGHQ ,FK KDEH LQ GHQ OHW]WHQ-DKUHQYHUVXFKWGLHVHV.OLHQWHOPLWIROJHQGHU'HILQLWLRQQlKHU]XIDVVHQ Ä+RFK5LVLNR.OLHQWHO ZHOFKHV VLFK LQ HLQHU GXUFK %UFKH JHSUlJWHQ QHJDWLYHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQVVSLUDOHPLWGHP+LOIHV\VWHPGHQ%LOGXQJVLQVWLWXWLRQHQXQGGHU*HVHOOVFKDIW EHILQGHW XQG GLHVH GXUFK DOV VFKZLHULJ ZDKUJHQRPPHQH 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ DNWLY PLWJHVWDOWHW³%DXPDQQ 5 'LHZHLWHUHDXFKXQWHUWHUPLQRORJLVFKHQ*HVLFKWVSXQNWHQVSDQQHQGH)UDJHLVWZDUXP GLHVHV.OLHQWHORIIHQEDUGHQ$QVSUXFKGHU,QNOXVLRQ]XP6FKHLWHUQEULQJW'LHVN|QQWH VRKDWHV+HOPXW5HLVHUEHUHLWVYRUODQJHU=HLWDQJHGHXWHWGDUDQOLHJHQGDVVGHU $QVSUXFK GHU ,QNOXVLRQ QLFKW RKQH ZHLWHUHV DXI .LQGHU PLW PDVVLYHQ 9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ XQG VRPLW DXI GLH 6LWXDWLRQ GLHVHV +RFK5LVLNR.OLHQWHOV EHUWUDJEDU VFKHLQW +LQ] GHILQLHUW ,QNOXVLRQ LQ SlGDJRJLVFKHQ .RQWH[WHQ DOV Ä«DOOJHPHLQSlGDJRJLVFKH>Q@$QVDW]GHUDXIGHU%DVLVYRQ%UJHUUHFKWHQDUJXPHQWLHUW VLFKJHJHQMHGHJHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKH0DUJLQDOLVLHUXQJZHQGHWXQGVRPLWDOOHQ0HQVFKHQGDV JOHLFKHYROOH5HFKWDXILQGLYLGXHOOH(QWZLFNOXQJXQGVR]LDOH7HLOKDEHXQJHDFKWHWLKUHU SHUV|QOLFKHQ8QWHUVWW]XQJVEHGUIQLVVH]XJHVLFKHUWVHKHQZLOO)UGHQ%LOGXQJVEHUHLFK EHGHXWHW GLHV HLQHQ XQHLQJHVFKUlQNWHQ =XJDQJ XQG GLH XQEHGLQJWH =XJHK|ULJNHLW ]X DOOJHPHLQHQ .LQGHUJlUWHQ XQG 6FKXOHQ GHV VR]LDOHQ 8PIHOGHV GLH YRU GHU $XIJDEH VWHKHQ GHQ LQGLYLGXHOOHQ %HGUIQLVVHQ DOOHU ]X HQWVSUHFKHQ ± GDPLW ZLUG GHP 9HUVWlQGQLVGHU,QNOXVLRQHQWVSUHFKHQGMHGHU0HQVFKDOVVHOEVWYHUVWlQGOLFKHV0LWJOLHG GHU*HPHLQVFKDIWDQHUNDQQW³+LQ] 'LHVH 'HILQLWLRQ ]HLJW LP *UXQGH JHQRPPHQ GLH 3UREOHPDWLN DXI ZDUXP VLFK GLH SlGDJRJLVFKH 3UD[LV PLW GHU ,QNOXVLRQ YRQ .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ PLW HUKHEOLFKHQ 3UREOHPHQLP9HUKDOWHQVXQG,QWHUDNWLRQVEHUHLFKVRRIWEHUIRUGHUW]HLJWXQGVRPLWGLH Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³]XLKUHU$OWHUQDWLYHXQGGDGXUFK]XLKUHP*HJHQWHLOHUNOlUW'DV LP .RQ]HSW GHU ,QNOXVLRQ MHGHU 0HQVFK GDV 5HFKW GDUDXI KDW HLQ YROOEHUHFKWLJWHV 0LWJOLHGGHU*HVHOOVFKDIW]XVHLQ+LQ]XQGEDUULHUHIUHLHQ=XJDQJ]XMHGHP 7HLO GHV %LOGXQJVV\VWHPV ]X KDEHQ VFKHLWHUW GDUDQ GDVV HV 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ XQG SV\FKLVFKH3UREOHPODJHQJLEWGLHDXI*UXQGYRQ(LJHQXQG)UHPGJHIlKUGXQJGLHVHQ =XJDQJ YHUVSHUUHQ PVVHQ GD ,QNOXVLRQ DP 5HFKW GHV 6FKXW]HV GHU 5HFKWH DQGHUHU 0HQVFKHQ VHLQH *UHQ]H ILQGHQ NDQQ XQG PXVV :DFKWHO 6 (LQ YROOEHUHFKWLJWHV 0LWJOLHG GHU *HVHOOVFKDIW ± VR ZLH GHU 0HQVFK LQ VHLQHP DNWXHOOHQ (QWZLFNOXQJVQLYHDX LVW ± OlVVW VLFK IU 0HQVFKHQ PLW DJJUHVVLYHQ JHZDOWWlWLJHQ RGHU VH[XHOOEHUJULIILJHQ9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQQLFKWVRHLQIDFKKHUVWHOOHQ+LHULVW$XVJUHQ]XQJ ]% SlGRVH[XHOO LQ (UVFKHLQXQJ JHWUHWHQHU 0HQVFKHQ YRQ EHVWLPPWHQ %HUHLFKHQ GHV $UEHLWVPDUNWHVWHLOZHLVHGHVJHVDPWHQ|IIHQWOLFKHQ/HEHQVGLHHLQ]LJH&KDQFHDQGHUH 6 0HQVFKHQYRUGHPÄ6R6HLQ³GHV%HWURIIHQHQ]XVFKW]HQ)UDQGHUH9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ JLOWlKQOLFKHVZHQQDXFKQLFKWJDQ]VRSODNDWLY« (V LVW DOVR RIIHQVLFKWOLFK GDVV HV LP %HUHLFK GHV VR]LDOHPRWLRQDOHQ 9HUKDOWHQV (UVFKHLQXQJVIRUPHQ JLEW GLH ]ZDU QXU EHL HLQHU NOHLQHQ *UXSSH YRQ .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ DXIWUHWHQ GLH DEHU GLH ,QNOXVLRQV XQG DXFK GLH ,QWHJUDWLRQVNUDIW XQVHUHU *HVHOOVFKDIW XQG VRPLW DXFK GHU SlGDJRJLVFKHQ 6\VWHPH DOV 7HLO GLHVHU *HVHOOVFKDIW EHUVWHLJHQ 9HUQRRLM 6 8QG PDFKHQ ZLU XQV QLFKWV YRU 'LH ,QNOXVLRQVGHEDWWH KDW XQV KLVWRULVFK JHVHKHQ JHQDX DQ GHP 3XQNW HUZLVFKW ZR ZLU HLJHQWOLFKJHUDGHKlWWHQGLVNXWLHUHQPVVHQZDVZLUPLWGHQ.LQGHUQXQG-XJHQGOLFKHQ PDFKHQGLHDXFKXQWHUGHQ%HGLQJXQJHQGHU+HLPHU]LHKXQJXQGGHU)|UGHUVFKXOHQQLFKW ]XKDOWHQZDUHQ±DOVRGHU)UDJHQDFK,QWHQVLYDQJHERWHQDQLQXQGQDFKGHQEHVWHKHQGHQ 6SH]LDOHLQULFKWXQJHQKlWWHQQDFKJHKHQPVVHQ 'LHV LVW PHLQHV (UDFKWHQV QDFK DXFK GHU *UXQG ZDUXP LP 8PJDQJ PLW .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQPLWPDVVLYVW|UHQGHQ9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQHEHQQLFKWQXUGLH)UDJHLP5DXP VWHKWZLHGLH%HGLQJXQJHQGHU,QNOXVLRQLP6LQQHYRQ%DUULHUHIUHLKHLWXQG$EEDXYRQ $XVVFKOXVVSUR]HVVHQDXV]XVHKHQKDEHQVRQGHUQGLH)UDJHQDFKGHU9HUlQGHUEDUNHLWGHU .OLHQWHOLQHLQHGXUFKGLH0HKUKHLWVJHVHOOVFKDIWGHILQLHUWH5LFKWXQJ.RPSHQVDWLRQ"LQ GHQ0LWWHOSXQNWUFNWGLHHLJHQWOLFKLP.RQ]HSWGHU,QNOXVLRQQLFKWLQGHQ)RNXVUFNHQ GUIWH +LQ] 'LH NODUH 2ULHQWLHUXQJ DQ HLQHU ÄHYLGHQ]EDVLHUWHQ³ ,QWHUYHQWLRQVSUD[LVLQGLHVHP%HUHLFK+LOOHQEUDQGEHGHXWHWGRFKQLFKWVDQGHUHV DOV GLH OHJLWLP HUVFKHLQHQGH )UDJH ZLH LFK 3lGDJRJHQ XQG 3lGDJRJLQQHQ P|JOLFKVW ]XYHUOlVVLJPLW0HWKRGHQZLVVHQDXVVWDWWHPLWWHOVGHVVHQVLHGDV6R]LDOYHUKDOWHQXQGGDV HPRWLRQDOH (UOHEHQ YRQ DOV VFKZLHULJ RGHU JHIlKUGHW ZDKUJHQRPPHQHQ .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQP|JOLFKVWLQHLQHNODUGHILQLHUWH5LFKWXQJYHUlQGHUQN|QQHQ'LH,QNOXVLRQ YRQ.LQGHUQXQG-XJHQGOLFKHQLP%HUHLFKGHV+RFK5LVLNR.OLHQWHOVLVWDOVRNHLQHVZHJV EHGLQJXQJVORV VRQGHUQ VHW]W HLQH 9HUlQGHUXQJ VEHUHLWVFKDIW GHU .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ YRUDXV 8QG GLH 3UD[LV UHDJLHUW GHU]HLW DXI GLH )RUGHUXQJ QDFK PHKU ,QNOXVLRQPLWWHOVGHUEHNDQQWHQ$EZHKUPHFKDQLVPHQGHUMHZHLOLJHQ6\VWHPH%DXPDQQ 'DV 3ULQ]LS GHV 'XUFKUHLFKHQV GHU 1LFKW]XVWlQGLJNHLWVHUNOlUXQJ VRZLH GHU WRWDOHQ ,JQRUDQ] GHU LQGLYLGXHOOHQ 3UREOHPODJH GHV .LQGHV ]XJXQVWHQ ULJLGHU 7 $QSDVVXQJVIRUGHUXQJHQ HLQ 3UR]HVV GHQ LFK LQ $QOHKQXQJ DQ )UH\EHUJ XQG :ROII DOV ,QVWLWXWLRQHOOHV $XIPHUNVDPNHLWV'HIL]LW6\QGURP EH]HLFKQH ,Q GHU .RQVHTXHQ] EHGHXWHW GLHV GLH :LHGHUHUILQGXQJ GHU Ä(U]LHKXQJVUHVLVWHQ]³ XQG GHU Ä8QEHVFKXOEDUNHLW³ 8QGLQGLHVH6LWXDWLRQKLQHLQVW|WGLHLQY|OOLJQHXHP$XVPDHQWIODPPWH'LVNXVVLRQ XPÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³(VLVW6FKZDEHEHL]XSIOLFKWHQGDVVGLHVHU%HJULIIQLFKW YLHOPHKULVWDOVHLQLQKDOWOLFKXQEHVWLPPWHV6DPPHOEHFNHQIUHLQHSlGDJRJLVFKH3UD[LV GLHHLQHJHZLVVH)RUPGHUÄ6WHLJHUXQJVUKHWRULN³EHWUHLEWXQGVLFKVRPLWHKHUDQ%HJULIIH ZLHÄ,QWHQVLYVWDWLRQ³±DOVRGLHEHVRQGHUVHQJPDVFKLJH.RQWUROOHXQG)UHPGUHJXODWLRQ GHUÄ3DWLHQWHQ³±DQ]XOHKQHQVFKHLQW6FKZDEH6$XFKKLHUJLOW'HU%HJULII Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ NDQQ XQG PXVV QXU HLQ .RPSURPLVV VHLQ IU HLQH SlGDJRJLVFKH 3UD[LV GLH VR YLHOIlOWLJ LVW RGHU VHLQ VROOWH GDVV VLH VLFK ]ZDQJVZHLVH QLFKW LQ HLQHQ SODNDWLYHQ %HJULII IDVVHQ OlVVW 'LH RIW EHQDQQWH $OWHUQDWLYH GHU ,QGLYLGXDOSlGDJRJLN MHGHQIDOOVWULIIWHVQLFKWEHVVHUGHQQVLHEHGHXWHWLQOHW]WHU.RQVHTXHQ]QLFKWVDQGHUHVDOV GLH3UD[LVLQGLYLGXHOOHU)|UGHUSODQXQJ]XZHOFKHUHVLP.RQWH[WGHU,QNOXVLRQQLFKWHUVW HLQHUEHVRQGHUHQ3UREOHPODJHHLQHVMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQEHGUIHQGDUI 9RQ GDKHU LVW GLH ZLFKWLJVWH )RUGHUXQJ DQ HLQH ÄPRGHUQH ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ VLFK GHXWOLFK YRQ GHP JHKHLPHQ )DKUSODQ SlGDJRJLVFKHU 8QWHUVWW]XQJ XQG +LOIH ]X GLVWDQ]LHUHQ ZHOFKHU GHU /RJLN IROJW 9RQ QLHGULJVFKZHOOLJ EHUDWHQG VR]LDOUDXPRULHQWLHUWXQGLQNOXVLYKLQ]XLPPHUHLQELVVFKHQHQJHULPPHUHLQELVVFKHQ VWUHQJHULPPHUHLQELVVFKHQLQGLYLGXDOLVLHUWHUXQGYRUDOOHPLPPHUHLQELVVFKHQZHLWHU ZHJ YRQ GHQ ELVKHULJHQ RIW YRP =XVDPPHQOHEHQ WUDXPDWLVLHUWHQ :LUNXQJVUlXPHQ 'LHVHU JHKHLPH )DKUSODQ SlGDJRJLVFKHU ,QWHUYHQWLRQHQ ZHOFKHU LP 6LQQH HLQHU (VNDODWLRQVVSLUDOH QDFK GHP Ä7U\DQG(UURU3ULQ]LS³ GXUFKVFKULWWHQ ZLUG SURGX]LHUW +LOIHNDUULHUHQ LQ GHQHQ ]ZDU QLHPDQGHP JHKROIHQ LQ GHUHQ 9HUODXI GDV .LQG DEHU ]XQHKPHQG ]X HLQHP 3URIL ZLUG PLW SlGDJRJLVFKHQ 6\VWHPHQ ]X VSLHOHQ XQG JOHLFK]HLWLJ 0RWLYH GHU 'LVNRQWLQXLWlW ZHOFKH GHP .LQG EHVWHQV YHUWUDXW VLQG UHSURGX]LHUW 8 8QG,QWHQVLYDQJHERWHZHUGHQDXFKQLFKWGDGXUFKLQNOXVLYHUGDVVVLHDXIHLQHP|JOLFKVW VFKQHOOH5FNIKUXQJXQGP|JOLFKVWNXU]H+LOIH]HLWUlXPHDQJHOHJWZHUGHQVRZLHGLHV YLHOHURUWV LQ GHQ .RQ]HSWHQ VWHKW 'HQQ HLQHUVHLWV EHULFKWHQ DOOH PLU EHNDQQWHQ hEHUJDQJVSURMHNWH YRQ 9HUOlXIHQ LQ GHQHQ .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH DXFK QDFK GHU GRSSHOWHQ=HLWGHUXUVSUQJOLFKHQ3ODQXQJQLFKW]XUFNJHIKUWZHUGHQN|QQHQ'DUEHU KLQDXVLVWXQVHU+LOIHV\VWHPDXFKLPSRVLWLYHQ6LQQHHLQDXI%H]LHKXQJVEUFKHXQGGDPLW DXI'HVLQWHJUDWLRQDQJHOHJWHV6\VWHP:HQQHLQMXQJHU0HQVFKLQ HLQHPDOVVROFKHP EH]HLFKQHWHQ,QWHQVLYDQJHERWJXWHVWDELOLVLHUHQGH(UIDKUXQJHQVDPPHOWLVWHVIDWDOGDVV JHUDGHGLHVHSRVLWLYH(QWZLFNOXQJGD]XIKUWGDVVGLHVWDELOLVLHUHQGHQ%H]LHKXQJHQGDQQ ZLHGHUEHHQGHWZHUGHQZHLOGLHÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³+LOIHQLFKWPHKUEHQ|WLJWZLUG 6HJUHJDWLRQ DOV Ä8OWLPD 5DWLR³ GLH DEHU P|JOLFKVW VFKQHOO ZLHGHU DXI]XO|VHQ VHL ]X GHILQLHUHQZLUGDOVRGHPSlGDJRJLVFKHQ$QVSUXFKHLQHUÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³QXUGDQQ JHUHFKWZHQQZLUGDV.HUQPHUNPDOGHU*UXSSHGHV+RFK5LVLNR.OLHQWHOVDXHU$FKW ODVVHQGDVÄ'LVNRQWLQXLWlW³KHLWXQGHLJHQWOLFKQXUGXUFK.RQWLQXLWlW]XHUVHW]HQZlUH YJO %DXPDQQ QLFKW GXUFK HLQ 'XUFKODXIHQ HLQHV ]HLWOLFK EHIULVWHWHQ Ä%HKDQGOXQJVSODQHV³ :LHN|QQWHHLQHÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³JHIOOWVHLQ" 'LH JURH +HUDXVIRUGHUXQJ GHU 3lGDJRJLN LVW HV DOVR GHU]HLW ]X EHUOHJHQ ZLH HLQH ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN PLW EHVRQGHUHQ $QJHERWHQ IU LQ EHVRQGHUHU :HLVH GXUFK LKU 9HUKDOWHQ YHUVW|UHQGH .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH DXVVHKHQ N|QQWH RKQH GXUFK GLH VFKOLFKWH(UK|KXQJGHU3HUVRQDOLQWHQVLWlWLFKKDEHLQGHQOHW]WHQ-DKUHQMXQJH0HQVFKHQ NHQQHQJHOHUQWGLHVHOEVWRGHUJHUDGHLQ6LWXDWLRQHQQLFKWDXV]XKDOWHQZDUHQXQG GHU 6WLOOXQJ GHV JHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKHQ %HGUIQLVVHV QDFK 6HJUHJDWLRQ YRQ .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ PLW KRFKJUDGLJ JHIlKUGHQGHQ 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ ]X HLQHP XQWHU GHP 'HFNPDQWHO HLQHU EHVVHUHQ )|UGHUXQJ DJLHUHQGHP *HJHQHQWZXUI GHU EHUIRUGHUWHQ ,QNOXVLRQVEHZHJXQJ]XZHUGHQRGHU]XEOHLEHQ" 'DPLWPHLQHLFKQLFKWGDVVZLUGDXHUKDIW]XDXIVHJUHJLHUHQGH6HWWLQJVYHU]LFKWHQ VROOWHQHLQH5HGXNWLRQRGHU]XPLQGHVWHLQ6WRSSHQGHUH[SORVLRQVDUWLJHQ=XQDKPHZlUH VLFKHUOLFKZQVFKHQVZHUWVRQGHUQLFKPHLQH]HQWUDOGLH)UDJHZLHHVJHOLQJHQNDQQ 9 .RQWLQXLWlW DXI +LOIHYHUOlXIH ]X OHJHQ VR GDVV IU GHQ MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ QLFKW HLQ $EEUXFK QDFK GHP DQGHUHQ HUOHEW XQG GDPLW HLQH LPPHU ZLHGHUNHKUHQGH 'DXHUVHJUHJDWLRQVVFKOHLIHHQWVWHKW0HLQH+\SRWKHVHLVWDOVRVFKOLFKW]XVDPPHQJHIDVVW :LOO GLH ,QNOXVLRQ QLFKW HLQHQ EHVWLPPWHQ 7HLO GHU (U]LHKXQJVSUREOHPDWLN LQ DQGHUH 3DUDOOHOV\VWHPHZLHGLH-XVWL]RGHUGLH3V\FKLDWULHYHUVFKLHEHQVRQGHUQVLFKDXFKÄGHQ 6FKZLHULJVWHQ³ VWHOOHQ EUDXFKW VLH ]ZLQJHQG HLQH Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ GLH LQNOXVLYHU %HVWDQGWHLOGHV6\VWHPVLVWXQGLQVFKZLHULJHQ)DOOYHUOlXIHQ.RQWLQXLWlWJHZlKUOHLVWHQ NDQQ (LQ%OLFNLQGLHDNWXHOOHSlGDJRJLVFKH/DQGVFKDIW]HLJWGDVVHVNHLQH)HVWOHJXQJJLEW ZDQQ XQG ZDUXP HLQ $QJHERW DOV ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFK³ JHIDVVW ZLUG 9LHOPHKU VXEVXPLHUHQ VLFK XQWHU GHP /DEHO Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH ,QWHUYHQWLRQVIRUPHQ 6FKXOLVFKH 6SH]LDODQJHERWH LQ .OHLQVWJUXSSHQ RGHU DQ DXHUVFKXOLVFKHQ /HUQRUWHQ KlXILJ YHUEXQGHQ PLW HLQHU UHGX]LHUWHQ =HLW GHU WlJOLFKHQ (UVDW]EHVFKXOXQJ]XU5HLQWHJUDWLRQQLFKW]XXQWHUULFKWHQGHURGHUVFKXODEVHQWHU .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKHU ]XUFN LQV YHUPHLQWOLFK LQNOXVLYH 6\VWHP GHU ÄQRUPDOHQ³6FKXONODVVH ,QGLYLGXDOSlGDJRJLVFKH(LQ]HOPDQDKPHQQDFK6*%9,,,GLHKlXILJDXFK PLW HLQHP Y|OOLJHQ .XOWXUZHFKVHO SlGDJRJLVFKH $XVODQGVDXIHQWKDOWH 0LOLHXYHUVFKLHEXQJHLQKHUJHKHQ 6R]LDOSlGDJRJLVFKH .OHLQVWJUXSSHQ GLH PLW HLQHU YHUULQJHUWHQ *UXSSHQJU|H XQG HLQHP K|KHUHQ %HWUHXXQJVVFKOVVHO DUEHLWHQ 'LHVH VLQG WUDGLWLRQHOO OHUQWKHRUHWLVFKYHUKDOWHQVWKHUDSHXWLVFKXQGRGHUVR]LDOWKHUDSHXWLVFKVWUXNWXULHUW RGHU VHLG QHXHUHP HLQHP WUDXPD RGHU ELQGXQJVSlGDJRJLVFKHQ $QVDW] ]XJHZDQGW 9HUHLQ]HOW DXFK QLHGULJVFKZHOOLJH $QJHERWH GLH EHU HLQHQ DN]HSWLHUHQGHQ $QVDW] PLW ZHQLJ YHUSIOLFKWHQGHU %HWUHXXQJ GLH (VNDODWLRQVGLFKWH YHUULQJHUQ ZROOHQDEHUWURW]NULVHQKDIWHU9HUOlXIHLP.RQWDNWPLW GHPMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQ EOHLEHQ 10 $EHU DXFK 0DQDKPHQ EHL GHQHQ GDV Ä,QWHQVLY³ DXI LQKDOWOLFKH .RQ]HSWEDXVWHLQH DE]LHOWGLHVLFKQLFKWLQEHVWLPPWH6HWWLQJEHVFKUHLEXQJHQIDVVHQODVVHQ $QJHERWHGLHVLFKDXIHLQEHVWLPPWHV.OLHQWHOVSH]LDOLVLHUWKDEHQ]%*UXSSHQ IU0HQVFKHQPLW$XWLVPXV6SHNWUXP6W|UXQJHQ$QJHERWHIUMXQJH0HQVFKHQ PLW3HUV|QOLFKNHLWVVW|UXQJHQ3URMHNWHIU6FKXOYHUZHLJHUHU $OOHSlGDJRJLVFKHQ0DQDKPHQGLHPLWIUHLKHLWVHQW]LHKHQGHQ0LWWHOQQDFK%*% E DUEHLWHQ XQG EHL GHQHQ VRPLW GLH *HVFKORVVHQKHLW HLQ ]HQWUDOHV ÄLQWHQVLYHV³6HWWLQJHOHPHQWGDUVWHOOW $QJHERWHEHLGHQHQHLQIDNWLVFKHUHOHPHQWDUHU=ZDQJ]XU.RRSHUDWLRQGDGXUFK DXIUHFKWHUKDOWHQ ZLUG GDVV GLH $QQDKPH GHV $QJHERWHV GLH ÄZLUNOLFKH³ 9ROOVWUHFNXQJ DQGHUHU ULJLGHU =ZDQJVPDQDKPHQ YHUKLQGHUW ]% EHUXIVRULHQWLHUHQGH 0DQDKPHQ GHUHQ $EOHKQXQJ ILQDQ]LHOOH .U]XQJHQ EHGHXWHW 0DQDKPHQ ]XU 8+DIW9HUPHLGXQJ RGHU VR JHQDQQWH Ä7lWHU *UXSSHQ³IUVH[XHOOEHUJULIILJH-XJHQGOLFKH $QJHERWH GLH EHU EHVRQGHUV ÄLQWHQVLYH³ (UOHEQLVVH YHUVXFKHQ HLQHQ VWDELOHQ .RQWDNW XQG HLQH LQWULQVLVFKH 0RWLYDWLRQ ]XU 0LWDUEHLW KHU]XVWHOOHQ ]% EHU 5HLVHQ EHVRQGHUH )UHL]HLWDQJHERWH ]% ([WUHPVSRUW WLHUJHVWW]WH 3lGDJRJLN XVZ $QJHERWH GLH VLFK GXUFK EHVRQGHUV ÄLQWHQVLYH³ .RRSHUDWLRQVEH]LHKXQJHQ ]% PLWGHP6\VWHPGHU.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGSV\FKLDWULHXQGHLQHPEHVRQGHUVKRKHQ 4XDOLILNDWLRQVDQVSUXFKDQGLH0LWDUEHLWHUXQG0LWDUEHLWHULQQHQDXV]HLFKQHQXQG VRPLWDOVÄWKHUDSHXWLVFKH$QJHERWH³DXVJH]HLFKQHWZHUGHQ :DV VLFK ]HLJW LVW DOVR HLQ EUHLWHV 6DPPHOVXULXP LQQHUKDOE GHVVHQ PLW VHKU YHUVFKLHGHQHQ SlGDJRJLVFKHQ 0LWWHOQ XQG VHKU XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ 6WHOOVFKUDXEHQ LQQHUKDOE GHV SlGDJRJLVFKHQ 6HWWLQJV YHUVXFKW ZLUG =XJDQJ ]X GHU REHQ XPULVVHQHQ =LHOJUXSSH ]X EHNRPPHQ XQG GLHVH ZLHGHU LQ JHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKH =XVDPPHQKlQJH ]X LQWHJULHUHQ 'DGXUFK GDVV GHU %HJULII Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ ZHGHU HLQKHLWOLFK GHILQLHUW QRFKLQVHLQHU9HUZHQGXQJ JHVFKW]WLVWILQGHQZLULQGHU3UD[LV EHUGLHV DXFK QRFK EHUUDVFKHQGH 6HOEVW]XVFKUHLEXQJHQ EHL GHQHQ IDFKOLFK JHVHKHQ QLFKW RKQH ZHLWHUHV QDFKYROO]LHKEDULVWZRULQQXQGDVÄ,QWHQVLYH³HLJHQWOLFKEHVWHKHQVROO 11 'LHVH LQKDOWOLFKH 8QEHVWLPPWKHLW GHV %HJULIIV Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ EHUHLWHW XQV EHVRQGHUH6FKZLHULJNHLWHQLQ%H]XJDXIGLHKLHVLJH)UDJHVWHOOXQJ'LH)UDJHPVVWHGRFK ODXWHQZHOFKH(OHPHQWHLQÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHQ$QJHERWHQ³HQWKDOWHQVHLQPVVWHQ GDPLW VLH %HVWDQGWHLO HLQHV SlGDJRJLVFKHQ *HVDPWV\VWHPV VHLQ N|QQHQ GDVV VLFK GHP XQDEGLQJEDUHQ0HQVFKHQUHFKWDXI,QNOXVLRQYHUVFKUHLEWZHLOVLHGHPMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQ HLQH .RQWLQXLWlW JHZlKUHQGH %HJOHLWXQJ GXUFK VHLQHQ (QWZLFNOXQJVSUR]HVV KLQGXUFK DQELHWHWHJDOZHOFKH3UREOHPDWLNGHUMXQJH0HQVFKLP.RQWDNWPLWVHLQHU8PZHOWDXFK KHUYRUEULQJW :HQQ GLHVH Ä,QKDOWVVWRIIH³ DOV )OOXQJ GHV %HJULIIHV Ä,QWHQVLY³ QlKHU EHVFKULHEHQ XQG GDPLW DXFK ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFK IDVVEDU XQG XQWHUVXFKEDU ZUGHQ GDQQ PVVWH GLH )UDJH RE HV DXFK VHSDULHUHQGH RGHU JDU VHJUHJLHUHQGH 0RPHQWH HQWKlOW ± DQGHUVLVW]XP%HLVSLHOGLH1XW]XQJYRQIUHLKHLWVHQW]LHKHQGHQ0DQDKPHQ]XP6FKXW] YRU6HOEVWXQG)UHPGJHIlKUGXQJJDUQLFKWGHQNEDU±LQGHQ+LQWHUJUXQGWUHWHQN|QQHQ *OHLFK]HLWLJ PXVV VLFK HLQH Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ DXFK NODU YRQ GHU JHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKHQ (UZDUWXQJ GLVWDQ]LHUHQ JHIlKUOLFK DJLHUHQGH -XJHQGOLFKH HQWZHGHU ÄXP]XHU]LHKHQ³ ± ZDVLPXQUHIOHNWLHUWHQ.RQWH[WPHGLDOHU0HLQXQJVPDFKHHLQHKRFKNULWLVFKH)RUGHUXQJ LVW ± RGHU LQ DEJHOHJHQHQ .RQWH[WHQ ZHLW ZHJ GHU Ä=LYLOLVDWLRQ³ RGHU VRJDU HLQJHVFKORVVHQ ]X ÄHQWVRUJHQ³ (LQH 5HGX]LHUXQJ GHU XQHQGOLFKHQ SlGDJRJLVFKHQ %HPKXQJHQ ZLH VLH LQ $QJHERWHQ PLW LQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHP 3URILO YLHOIDFK XQWHUQRPPHQZHUGHQDXIGHQ$VSHNWGHU+HUVWHOOXQJHLQHVZLHDXFKLPPHUJHDUWHWHQ ÄJHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKHQ)ULHGHQV³XQGGHU$XVJUHQ]XQJVFKZLHULJHUMXQJHU0HQVFKHQYJO GLH 'LVNXVVLRQ XP Ä.LQGHUNQlVWH³ LP .RQWH[W JHVFKORVVHQHU 8QWHUEULQJXQJ PXVV VRZRKO DOV SlGDJRJLVFKH 6DFNJDVVH ZLH DXFK DOV Ä9HUVFKLHEHEDKQKRI³ MHQVHLWV GHU ,QNOXVLRQGHXWOLFK]XUFNJHZLHVHQZHUGHQ 'LH HQWVFKHLGHQGH )UDJH PXVV DOVR ODXWHQ ZHOFKH )UDJHQ GLH ,QNOXVLRQ DQ LQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH +LOIHQ VWHOOHQ PXVV GDPLW GLHVH QLFKW LKU *HJHQWHLO VRQGHUQ LQWHJUDOHU%HVWDQGWHLOIUMXQJH0HQVFKHQLQEHVRQGHUHQ6FKZLHULJNHLWHQVHLQNDQQ ,QZHOFKHQ$VSHNWHQPVVHQÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³$QJHERWHEHVRQGHUVJXWDXIJHVWHOOW VHLQGDPLWVLHHLQHSlGDJRJLVFKH/HJLWLPDWLRQ]X=HLWHQGHU,QNOXVLRQKDEHQ"'DEHLJHKW HV PLU DQ GLHVHU 6WHOOH QLFKW GDUXP Ä6WDQGDUGV³ IHVW]XOHJHQ GLH IU ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH 6SH]LDODQJHERWH³ JHOWHQ VROOWHQ VRQGHUQ GLHMHQLJHQ 3XQNWH ]X IRUPXOLHUHQ GLH EHL GHU )UDJH ZLH XQG ZR HLQHP MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ SDVVHQGH 12 8QWHUVWW]XQJ]XWHLOZHUGHQNDQQKLOIUHLFKVLQG'DEHLLVWHVLQHLQHPHUVWHQ6FKULWWHJDO RE GHQ EHVRQGHUHQ +HUDXVIRUGHUXQJHQ GHU VW|UHQGHQ 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ LQ HLQHP DXI JHPHLQVDPH %HWUHXXQJ XQG %HVFKXOXQJ VHW]HQGHQ 6HWWLQJ RGHU LQ HLQHP SXQNWXHOO VHJUHJLHUHQGHQ6HWWLQJEHJHJQHWZLUGGHQQHLQH5HIOH[LRQGHUIROJHQGHQ$VSHNWHLVWLQ MHGHP)DOOKLOIUHLFKXPGLHIROJHQGHQEHLGHQ)UDJHQ]XEHDQWZRUWHQGLHLP=HQWUXP MHGHUÄEHVRQGHUHQ³,QWHUYHQWLRQVWHKHQPVVHQ:LHNDQQ+LOIHVRJHVWDOWHWVHLQGDVVGHU MXQJH0HQVFKVLHDOVIULKQSDVVHQGHUOHEHQNDQQXQGVRPLWQLFKWJHJHQVLHNlPSIHQ PXVV" 8QG ZLH NDQQ HLQ 6HWWLQJ VR JHVWDOWHW VHLQ GDVV DOOH DQGHUHQ %HWURIIHQHQ (UZDFKVHQHZLHDXFKJJIGHU6R]LDOUDXPXQGDQGHUH.LQGHUGLHVHVDXVKDOWHQN|QQHQ" %HLGH)UDJHQVLQGDOVDEVROXWJOHLFKEHUHFKWLJW]XEHWUDFKWHQ $OV $QIRUGHUXQJ OLHH VLFK DXV PHLQHU 6LFKW HLQHQ lKQOLFKHQ *HGDQNHQ ZHQQ DXFK LQKDOWOLFKDQGHUVDN]HQWXLHUWIRUPXOLHUWHNU]OLFK0DWKLDV6FKZDEHLQVHLQHU)RUGHUXQJ QDFK )HVWOHJXQJ ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHU 6WDQGDUGV³ 6FKZDEH IRUPXOLHUHQ Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³$QJHERWHVLQGLGHDOHUZHLVH« «NRQIOLNWVLFKHUXQGEHODVWEDU (LQHEHVRQGHUVKRKH.RPSHWHQ]GHU(UZDFKVHQHQPLWNRQIOLNWUHLFKHQXQGNULVHQKDIWHQ 6LWXDWLRQHQ XP]XJHKHQ LVW XQDEGLQJEDU IU GLH $UEHLW PLW +RFK5LVLNR.OLHQWHO 3lGDJRJHQEUDXFKHQHLQEUHLWHV6SHNWUXPDQ+DQGOXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQGHU'H(VNDODWLRQ XQGGHU0HGLDWLRQ(LQH+DOWXQJLQGHUHLQ.RQIOLNWGDQQEHHQGHWLVWZHQQGHUMXQJH 0HQVFKZLHGHUEHGLQJXQJVORVGDVWXWZDVGHU3lGDJRJHLKPVDJWLVWIUGLHVH$UEHLW PHKU DOV QXU NRQWUDSURGXNWLY VLH VFKZ|UW ]ZDQJVOlXILJ 6LWXDWLRQHQ KHUDXI GLH PLW H[WHUQDOLVLHUHQGHP RGHU UFN]XJVDUWLJHP :LGHUVWDQG HLQKHUJHKHQ 3lGDJRJHQ PVVHQ EHUHLW VHLQ LQ NULVHQKDIWHQ 6LWXDWLRQHQ DXFK HLQPDO Ä]XUFN]XVWHFNHQ³ XP HEHQ QLFKW PDFKWYROO XQG DXI 'XUFKVHW]XQJ EHGDFKW ]X DJLHUHQ 6LH PVVHQ EHU (QWVFKHLGXQJVNULWHULHQ YHUIJHQ ZDQQ HV 6LQQ PDFKW NRQIURQWDWLY ]X DJLHUHQ HV YLHOOHLFKWDXFKPDOJH]LHOWÄNQDOOHQ]XODVVHQ³XQGZDQQHLQH6LWXDWLRQOLHEHUGHHVNDOLHUW ZLUGXP/XIW]XKROHQYLHOOHLFKWIUHLQH]ZHLWH5XQGHYLHOOHLFKWXPGDV6HWWLQJIU GHQ.RQIOLNW]XVLFKHUQRGHUDXFKQXUZHLOGHUVLWXDWLYH5DKPHQHLQHWRWDOH(VNDODWLRQ YHUELHWHW,QGLHVHQ.RQWH[WJHK|UWDXFKGLH)UDJHQDFKHLQHPVRXYHUlQHQ8PJDQJPLW *HZDOW:HQQHLQMXQJHU0HQVFKLQVHOEVWXQGIUHPGJHIlKUGHQGHP$XVPDEHUJULIILJ 13 ZLUG EUDXFKHQ GLH 3lGDJRJHQ ]ZDQJVOlXILJ +DQGOXQJVVLFKHUKHLW ]XU VFKQHOOHQ +HUVWHOOXQJYRQ6FKXW]XQG6LFKHUKHLWVRZLH9HUIDKUHQVDEOlXIHZLHLQXQGQDFKVROFKHQ 6LWXDWLRQHQYRUJHJDQJHQZLUG'LHVHU$VSHNWEHLQKDOWHWVRZRKOSlGDJRJLVFKHDEHUDXFK VSRUWOLFKH VRZLH MXULVWLVFKH $VSHNWH 6R KDEH LFK HLQPDO HLQH .ULVHQ)DFKEHUDWXQJ DEKDOWHQ PVVHQ ZHLO LQ HLQHU *HVDPWVFKXOH HLQH /HKUHULQ YRQ HLQHP (OIMlKULJHQ PHKUIDFKLQV*HVLFKWXQGLQGHQ8QWHUOHLEJHVFKODJHQZXUGHZlKUHQGIQI(UZDFKVHQH LQNOXVLYHGHU6FKXOOHLWXQJLP5DXPZDUHQ1HEHQGHUEHKDQGOXQJVEHGUIWLJYHUOHW]WHQ /HKUHULQKDWWHQPHKUHUH3HUVRQHQEODXH)OHFNHQXQG.UDW]ZXQGHQDOV)ROJHXQVLFKHUHU XQG KDOEKHU]LJHU (LQJULIIVYHUVXFKH YRU DOOHP ZDU DEHU GLH .ROOHJLQ VHOEVW XQG PLQGHVWHQV HLQH ZHLWHUH 3HUVRQ GHXWOLFK WUDXPDWLVLHUW YRQ GHU 7DWVDFKH GDVV HV QLFKW P|JOLFKZDUGDVDXHUVLFKVHLHQGH.LQGLQVHLQHU+DQGOXQJ]XVWRSSHQ+LQ]XNDPHLQH DQVFKOLHHQGH'LVNXVVLRQLP.ROOHJLXPREGLH/HKUNUDIWGDV.LQGHYHQWXHOOGXUFKLKU 9HUKDOWHQSURYR]LHUWKDEHZDVRKQH$XIDUEHLWXQJGHV7UDXPDVDXVGHU*HZDOWKDQGOXQJ VHOEVW IU GLH .ROOHJLQ XQEHJUHLIOLFK VFKHLQHQ PXVVWH 'LH +DQGOXQJVXQVLFKHUKHLW EHZHJWHVLFKDXIDOOHQ(EHQHQGLHHLQ]LJH,QWHUYHQWLRQDXIGLHPDQVLFKLQGHU6LWXDWLRQ HLQLJHQNRQQWHZDUHLQ$QUXIEHLGHQ(OWHUQVRZLHHLQHGUHLPRQDWLJH6XVSHQGLHUXQJGHV -XQJHQQDFKGHP9RUIDOO±ZDVQDWUOLFKEHLGHVLPKLHUXQGMHW]WJDUQLFKWVKDOI« $EHUQHEHQGHU )UDJHGHU+DQGOXQJVVLFKHUKHLWLQ.RQIOLNWVLWXDWLRQHQLVWGLH)UDJHGHU %HODVWEDUNHLWVRZLHGHU 0|JOLFKNHLWHQGHVÄQHX 6WDUWHQV³HEHQVRZLFKWLJ.LQGHUXQG -XJHQGOLFKHLQGLHVHP%HUHLFKEHODVWHQGLHWlWLJHQ3lGDJRJHQXQG3lGDJRJLQQHQOlQJVW QLFKWQXUGXUFK (VNDODWLRQHQ$XFK6HOEVWJHIlKUGXQJHQ(QWZLFNOXQJVYHUZHLJHUXQJHQ VRZLH 3UR]HVVH GHU 6SDOWXQJVG\QDPLN XQG GHU hEHUWUDJXQJV XQG *HJHQEHUWUDJXQJVPHFKDQLVPHQ VLQG IU GLH LQ GLHVHP %HUHLFK 7lWLJHQ VWDUNH %HODVWXQJHQGLHVLFKQLFKWLPPHUQXUPLWHLQHUDOOHVHFKV:RFKHQJHSODQWVWDWWILQGHQGHU 6XSHUYLVLRQDXVJOHLFKHQODVVHQRKQHDEHUDXFKQLFKW,QGHU$UEHLWPLWGLHVHQMXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ KDEH LFK 3KlQRPHQH GHU VHNXQGlUHQ 7UDXPDWLVLHUXQJ HUOHEW HLJHQH /HEHQVJHVFKLFKWHQ YRQ 0LWDUEHLWHQGHQ ZXUGHQ SO|W]OLFK ZLHGHU DQ GLH 2EHUIOlFKH JHKROW DEHU DXFK hEHUIRUGHUXQJ PLW %H]LHKXQJVEHGUIQLVVHQ GHU .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ 6R VD LFK HLQPDOHLQHUVFKRFNLHUWHQ0LWDUEHLWHULQJHJHQEHUQDFKGHP VLFKZlKUHQGLKUHU.UDQNVFKUHLEXQJHLQ0lGFKHQGHQ1DPHQGHUMXQJHQ.ROOHJLQLQGHQ 14 2EHUDUPJHULW]WXQGPLW1DJHOODFNDXVJHSLQVHOWKDWWH(LQH2KUIHLJHZlUHGHU.ROOHJLQ OLHEHUJHZHVHQ 'LH9HUDUEHLWXQJVROFKHU3UR]HVVHVRZRKOLP7HDPDOVDXFKMHGHUIUVLFKVLQG]HQWUDOHU %HVWDQGWHLO GHU .RQIOLNW6LFKHUKHLW XQG VRPLW GHU $UEHLW PLW MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ GLH SlGDJRJLVFKH 6\VWHPH ]X EHUIRUGHUQGURKHQ +LQ]XNRPPWXQWHUGHP *HVLFKWVSXQNW GHU ,QNOXVLRQ GLH )UDJH QDFK GHU $UEHLW PLW GHU %H]XJVJUXSSH GLH VROFKH (UHLJQLVVH HUOHEWXQGLKQHQVSUDFKXQGKDQGOXQJVXQIlKLJJHJHQEHUVWHKW 'LH %HODVWEDUNHLW LVW DOVR QLFKW DXVVFKOLHOLFK EHU 'HHVNDODWLRQVVWUDWHJLHQ KHUVWHOOEDU DEHUDXFKQLFKWRKQHVRQGHUQPXVVLKU$XJHQPHUNDXIGLH3UR]HVVHOHJHQGLHHVGHQ 3lGDJRJHQXQG3lGDJRJLQQHQHUVFKZHUHQGHQMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQLPPHUZLHGHUQHX]X EHJHJQHQ6ROFKH)RUPHQGHU)UVRUJHVLQGDXHUKDOEGHU%HJHJQXQJPLWVROFKH[WUHP LQ LKUHP 9HUKDOWHQ VW|UHQGHQ .LQGHUQ XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ NDXP QRWZHQGLJ XQG DXFK VLFKHUOLFK QLFKW IOlFKHQGHFNHQG YRU]XKDOWHQ ,P *HJHQWHLO N|QQHQ VROFKH 6FKXW]NRQ]HSWHDXFKGD]XIKUHQGDVVHLJHQWOLFKZHQLJGUDPDWLVFKH(UHLJQLVVHSO|W]OLFK HLQH%HGHXWXQJEHNRPPHQGLHIUGHQ3UR]HVVQLFKWGLHQOLFKVLQG±VWHKHQ5HVVRXUFHQ IU.ULVHQLQWHUYHQWLRQEHUHLWZHUGHQVLHDXFKJHQXW]WXQGVRPLWDXFK.ULVHQDOVVROFKH GHILQLHUW 'D ZR HLQ MXQJHU 0HQVFK VLH KHUDXVIRUGHUW PVVHQ GLHVH 8QWHUVWW]XQJVIRUPHQ DEHU VRIRUW XQG XQEURNUDWLVFK YHUIJEDU VHLQ 'LHVHU $VSHNW VSULFKWDXVGUFNOLFKGDIUDXFKLQ=HLWHQGHU,QNOXVLRQ)DFKNUlIWHYRU]XKDOWHQGLHVLFK DXIGLH$UEHLWPLWEHVRQGHUVKHUDXVIRUGHUQGHQMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQVSH]LDOLVLHUWKDEHQXQG KLHUEHVRQGHUH.RPSHWHQ]HQLQGHU%HUDWXQJYRQ.ROOHJHQXQG.ROOHJLQQHQDEHUHEHQ DXFKLP%HUHLFKGHV6HOI&DUHGHU'HHVNDODWLRQXQGGHU$EJUHQ]XQJYRQhEHUWUDJXQJHQ HUZRUEHQ KDEHQ 'LHVH )RUP GHU %HODVWEDUNHLW JHK|UW ]X GHQ DEVROXWHQ %DVLFV GHU VR JHQDQQWHQÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ «UHIOHNWLHUWLQGHU5LVLNRDEZlJXQJ 'LH$UEHLWPLW.LQGHUQXQG-XJHQGOLFKHQYRQGHQHQULVLNREHKDIWHWH9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ DXVJHKHQ LVW LPPHU DXFK IU GLHMHQLJHQ PLW HLQHP 5LVLNR YHUEXQGHQ GLH VLFK GDIU HQWVFKHLGHQGLHVH]XWXQ 6R]LHKWHLQ6FKXOOHLWHUGHUVLFKHQWVFKHLGHWHLQHQ]%JHZDOWEHUHLWHQ-XJHQGOLFKHQDQ GHU 6FKXOH ]X EHODVVHQ XQG NHLQH 6XVSHQGLHUXQJ RGHU 9HUVHW]XQJ DXV]XVSUHFKHQ ]ZDQJVOlXILJGLHNULWLVFKHQ%OLFNHPLQGHVWHQVGHU(OWHUQVFKDIWDXIVLFKXQGZLUGVLFK 15 ZHQQ HV HUQHXW ]X 9RUIlOOHQ NRPPW VHKU NULWLVFKHQ )UDJHQ VWHOOHQ PVVHQ $XFK -XJHQGKLOIHWUlJHUVLQGLPPHUZLHGHUPLW6WLPPHQDXVGHP6R]LDOUDXPRIWVRJDUDXVGHU PHGLDOHQ XQG JHVHOOVFKDIWOLFKHQ gIIHQWOLFKNHLW NRQIURQWLHUW ZHQQ VLH PLW ULVNDQW DJLHUHQGHQ -XJHQGOLFKHQ DUEHLWHQ ± ELV KLQ ]X RIIHQHQ 9RUZUIHQ ]% LP )DOOH HLQHV 6XL]LGVRGHUYHUEWHU6WUDIWDWHQ6RWLWHOWHHLQPDOHLQH/RNDO]HLWXQJGLHLFKKLHUQLFKW QHQQHQ P|FKWH QDFK HLQHP 9DQGDOLVPXVYRUIDOO DQ GHU |UWOLFKHQ *HVDPWVFKXOH GXUFK ]ZHL -XJHQGOLFKH GLH LQ HLQHU OlQGOLFK JHOHJHQHQ ,QWHQVLYJUXSSH XQWHUJHEUDFKW ZDUHQ XQG GDGXUFK LQ GDV (LQ]XJVJHELHW GLHVHU 6FKXOH JHK|UWHQ Ä:DUXPOlXIW VRHWZDVIUHL UXP³XQGHLQ/RNDOSROLWLNHUIRUGHUWHLQHLQHP ,QWHUYLHZPLWGHUVHOEHQ =HLWXQJRIIHQ VROFKH-XJHQGOLFKHQN|QQWHQLQVHLQHU*HPHLQGHQLFKWOHEHQVRQGHUQPVVWHQGDXHUKDIW LQ6SH]LDONOLQLNHQXQWHUJHEUDFKWZHUGHQ6ROFKH3UR]HVVHIKUHQGD]XGDVVGLH$UEHLW PLW +RFK5LVLNR.OLHQWHO LPPHU DXFK ]X HLQHP HLJHQHQ 5LVLNR DXI 0LWDUEHLWHU XQG 7UlJHUHEHQHZLUGDXFK|IIHQWOLFKHU'UXFN+LOIHQYHUKLQGHUQNDQQ'LHVHV5LVLNRPXVV YHUDQWZRUWXQJVYROO XQG VRUJVDP DEJHZRJHQ UHIOHNWLHUW GDQQ DEHU DXFK RIIHQVLY YHUWUHWHQZHUGHQ «YHUVWHKHQGXQGDQGHU3UREOHPDWLNGHV(LQ]HOIDOOHVRULHQWLHUW 'LHDXVPHLQHU6LFKWZLFKWLJVWH9RUDXVVHW]XQJLQGHU$UEHLWPLWULVNDQWDJLHUHQGHQGLH SlGDJRJLVFKHQ6\VWHPHVSUHQJHQGHQ.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGOLFKHQLVWHLQHJUXQGOHJHQGHDXI HLQHQ9HUVWHKHQVSUR]HVVDXVJHULFKWHWH'LDJQRVWLNYJO%DXPDQQ1XUZHQQLFK GLH LQGLYLGXHOOH /RJLN KLQWHU GHP 9HUKDOWHQ GLH 0RWLYH XQG GHQ 6LQQ ZHOFKH GDV VW|UHQGH9HUKDOWHQKDWXQGVFKDIIWLP.RQWH[WGHV,QGLYLGXXPVVHLQHU%LRJUDSKLHXQG VHLQHU :DKUQHKPXQJ GHU DNWXHOOHQ /HEHQVVLWXDWLRQ KHU YHUVWDQGHQ KDEH PXVV LFK LQ PHLQHQ ,QWHUYHQWLRQHQ QLFKW HLQIDFK JHJHQ GDV 6\PSWRP DQNlPSIHQ YHUVXFKHQ XQHUZQVFKWH 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ DE]XVWHOOHQ XQG YHUPHLQWOLFK HUZQVFKWH 9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ KHUEHL]XIKUHQ VRQGHUQ NDQQ PLW GHP MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ LQ HLQHQ )|UGHUSUR]HVVHLQVWHLJHQJHJHQGHQHUVLFKQLFKWZHKUHQPXVV(LQVHKUEHHLQGUXFNHQGHV %HLVSLHO KLHUIU ZDU IU PLFK HLQ -XJHQGOLFKHU PLW ]XOHW]W PDVVLYHU 6FKXOVFKZlQ]HUSUREOHPDWLN ZHOFKHU ]X +DXVH HLQHQ 9HUVRUJXQJVDXIWUDJ IU VHLQH OHEHQVJHIlKUOLFK HUNUDQNWH 0XWWHU EHUQRPPHQ KDWWH $XI *UXQG HLQHU QRUPDWLY GLDJQRVWL]LHUWHQ hEHUIRUGHUXQJ GHV -XQJHQ ZXUGHQ YLHOIDFKH 9HUVXFKH GHU )UHPGXQWHUEULQJXQJ XQWHUQRPPHQ GLH DOOH JHZDOWVDP HQGHWHQ ± PLW HLQ ELVVFKHQ 16 )DOOYHUVWHKHQ GHU 0RWLYH GHV MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ NHLQ EHVRQGHUV YHUZXQGHUOLFKHU 9RUJDQJ«1XUDXIGHU*UXQGODJHHLQHVLQWHQVLYHQ9HUVWHKHQVSUR]HVVHVNDQQLFKDXFK PLWGHQ-XJHQGOLFKHQDXIHLQH$UEHLWVHEHQNRPPHQGLHMHJOLFKH)RUPGHUÄ:HQQ'DQQ (U]LHKXQJ³ XQG GHU JHVFKLFNWHQ .RPELQDWLRQ DXV Ä(USUHVVXQJ XQG %HVWHFKXQJ³ DEEOLW]HQ ODVVHQ XQG VWDWWGHVVHQ 1HJDWLYNDXVDOLWlWHQ ]XU 6WLOOXQJ LKUHV HLJHQHQ .RQWUROOEHGUIQLVVHVQXW]HQ%DXPDQQ $XV GHU )RUGHUXQJ QDFK HLQHU YHUVWHKHQGHQ 'LDJQRVWLN KHUDXV HUJLEW VLFK DXFK GLH )RUGHUXQJMHGHÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³+LOIHDOVLQGLYLGXHOOH+LOIH]XGHQNHQXQGDP (LQ]HOIDOODXVJHULFKWHW]XSODQHQXQG]XUHDOLVLHUHQ(VJLEWQLFKWGDVHLQH.RQ]HSWIU DOOHVFKZLHULJHQMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQXQGGLH(YLGHQ]VWXGLHQLQGLHVHP%HUHLFK]HLJHQHLQ XQHLQKHLWOLFKHV %LOG 6R LVW GHU 4XHUYHUJOHLFK YRQ 6FKZDEH XD ]ZLVFKHQ QLHGULJVFKZHOOLJHQ +LOIHQ XQG JHVFKORVVHQHU 8QWHUEULQJXQJ GHQ VLH PLW GHU )UDJH DEVFKOLHHQ RE GLH QXU JHULQJIJLJ K|KHUH (IIL]LHQ] JHVFKORVVHQHU 8QWHUEULQJXQJ JHJHQEHU GHQ QLHGULJVFKZHOOLJHQ +LOIHQ ZLUNOLFK GHQ (LQVDW] VROFK HLQHV GUDVWLVFKHQ ,QVWUXPHQWV ZLH =ZDQJ UHFKWIHUWLJW 6FKZDEH XD KRFK NULWLVFK ]X VHKHQ GHQQHVLVWDXVSlGDJRJLVFKHU3HUVSHNWLYHNDXPDQ]XQHKPHQGDVVGHUMHQLJH-XJHQGOLFKH GHUYRQHLQHPQLHGULJVFKZHOOLJHQ$QJHERWSURILWLHUWGHUVHOEHMXQJH0HQVFKLVWGHUVLFK DXFK LQ GHU JHVFKORVVHQHQ -XJHQGKLOIH SRVLWLY HQWZLFNHOQ ZUGH ,P *HJHQWHLO LVW ]X HUZDUWHQGDVVGHURGHUGLHMHQLJHZHOFKHLPJHVFKORVVHQHQ6HWWLQJLQGHU*HJHQZHKU YHUEOHLEW XQG PLW DOOHQ 0LWWHOQ JHJHQ HLQH HU]ZXQJHQH :HLWHUHQWZLFNOXQJ NlPSIW YLHOOHLFKW DXI HLQH VHKU DXI GLH HLJHQH $XWRQRPLHEHVWUHEXQJ VHW]HQGH $QVSUDFKH UHDJLHUHQNDQQDOV%HLVSLHOVHLHQGLHMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQJHQDQQWGLHLQ,QWHQVLYJUXSSHQ UHJHOPlLJ VFKHLWHUQ GDQQ DEHU LQ GHQ ,QREKXWQDKPHVWHOOHQ RIW UHFKW XQDXIIlOOLJ EOHLEHQ ZlKUHQG GHP MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ GHP LP QLHGULJVFKZHOOLJHQ 6HWWLQJ MHGH 6WUXNWXU XQG 2ULHQWLHUXQJ IHKOW HU]ZXQJHQH XQG YHUELQGOLFK GXUFKJHVHW]WH 6WUXNWXUHQ GXUFKDXVHLQHQ(QWZLFNOXQJVUDXPELHWHQN|QQHQYJO%DXPDQQ.HUQSUREOHPGHU KHXWLJHQ Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ LVW DEHU GDVV ZLU NDXP EHODVWEDUH ,QGLNDWRUHQ RGHU .ULWHULHQ KDEHQ GLH XQV IU GLH +LOIHSODQXQJ HLQH (QWVFKHLGXQJVJUXQGODJH ELHWHQ 0DQFKH .LQGHU SURILWLHUHQ YRQ GHU *UXSSH DQGHUH YRQ HLQHU %HWUHXXQJ (LQLJH EUDXFKHQ YHUELQGOLFKH 6WUXNWXUHQ DQGHUH GDJHJHQ JURH )UHLUlXPH LQNOXVLYH GHV GD]XJHK|UHQGHQ5LVLNRV)UPDFKHJLOWEHLGHV]XXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ=HLWHQ,P6LQQH 17 GHU ,QNOXVLRQ NDQQ HV DQ GLHVHU 6WHOOH QLFKW XP HLQ (QWZHGHU2GHU LQ MHZHLOV XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ2UWHQXQG6HWWLQJVJHKHQVRQGHUQXPGLH$XVULFKWXQJGHU+LOIHDP (LQ]HOIDOOMHQDFKGHPLQGLYLGXHOOHQ%HGDUI «GUDQEOHLEHQGKDOWHQZROOHQGXQG.RQWLQXLWlWYHUPLWWHOQG :LHREHQEHVFKULHEHQLVWHLQ*UXQGSUREOHPÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHU³$QJHERWHGDVVVLH *HIDKU ODXIHQ ÄQXU³ ]X HLQHU (SLVRGH LP +LOIHYHUODXI ]X ZHUGHQ XQG HEHQ QLFKW GLH LPPHUZLHGHUNHKUHQGH(UIDKUXQJYRQ'LVNRQWLQXLWlWXQG$EEUXFK]XXQWHUEUHFKHQ,P 5DKPHQ HLQHU JHVDPWSlGDJRJLVFKHQ (QWZLFNOXQJ KLQ ]XU ,QNOXVLRQ KDOWH LFK HV IU HOHPHQWDU GDVV JHUDGH GLH DXI MXQJH 0HQVFKHQ PLW JURHQ 6FKZLHULJNHLWHQ ]LHOHQGHQ +LOIHQ GLHVHQ $VSHNW EHUZLQGHQ 'LHV JLOW ]XQlFKVW HLQPDO IU NULVHQKDIWH 9HUOlXIH $XFKQDFKVFKZHUHQ(VNDODWLRQHQDXFKZHQQVLFKHLQ%HWUHXXQJVRUWRGHU±6HWWLQJDOV QLFKW WUDJIlKLJ HUZHLVW NDQQ HLQ HLQIDFKHU :HFKVHO YRQ 2UW XQG 3HUVRQHQ QLFKW GLH /|VXQJVHLQ'LH]HQWUDOH)UDJHPXVVODXWHQZLH.RQWLQXLWlWYHUPLWWHOWZHUGHQNDQQZLH +LOIHVHWWLQJVVLFKHUVWHOOHQN|QQHQGDVVVLHDXFKLQhEHUJDQJVVLWXDWLRQHQGUDQEOHLEHQXQG +DOW JHEHQ N|QQHQ HJDO RE GLH hEHUJlQJH (UJHEQLV VFKZLHULJHU RGHU SRVLWLYHU (QWZLFNOXQJHQVLQG$XFKLQSRVLWLYHQ(QWZLFNOXQJVYHUOlXIHQJLOWGLH)UDJH]XNOlUHQ ZLH GLH 0HQVFKHQ XQG 6WUXNWXUHOHPHQWH GLH SRVLWLYVWDELOLVLHUHQG JHZLUNW KDEHQ QXQ DXFK]XU.RQVROLGLHUXQJGHV(UOHUQWHQLQGHUÄIUHLHQ:LOGEDKQ³GHU6R]LDOUlXPHXQGGHV (UZDFKVHQZHUGHQVZLUNVDPEOHLEHQN|QQHQ *UXQGOHJHQGKLHUIULVWGLHUDGLNDOHÄ+DOWXQJGHVKDOWHQ:ROOHQV³%DXPDQQ1XU ZHQQHVLP5DKPHQGHU7HDPXQG(LQULFKWXQJVNXOWXUJHOLQJWHLQHQ.RQVHQVGDULQ]X HUUHLFKHQ GDVV DOOHV (UGHQNOLFKH JHWDQ ZHUGHQ VROO XP PLW GHP MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ LQ HLQHP $UEHLWVNRQWUDNW ]X EOHLEHQ ZHQQ $EEUXFK GHU +LOIH DXFK XQWHU GHP %HZXVVWVHLQ GDVV HV 8PVWlQGH JHEHQ NDQQ ZR HV GRFK SDVVLHUW SDVVLHUHQ PXVV ]XPLQGHVW ÄJHIKOW³ NHLQH 2SWLRQ LVW LVW GLH QRWZHQGLJH %DVLV JHJHEHQ XP GXUFK )DOOYHUVWHKHQ XQG HLQH NRQVHTXHQWH $XIDUEHLWXQJ YRQ hEHUIRUGHUXQJVPRPHQWHQ XQG HLJHQHQ $QWHLOHQ GLH GXUFK GLH $UEHLW KHUYRUJHEUDFKW ZHUGHQ HLQ EHODVWEDUHV +LOIHVHWWLQJXQGEH]LHKXQJVZLHDXFKNRQIOLNWVLFKHUH3lGDJRJHQXQG3lGDJRJLQQHQ]X HWDEOLHUHQ 18 «UHIOHNWLHUWLQGHU*HVWDOWXQJYRQ1lKHXQG'LVWDQ]%LQGXQJXQG$EJUHQ]XQJ (LQ EHVRQGHUHV $UEHLWVIHOG ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHU³ $QJHERWH LVW GDV 1lKH'LVWDQ] 9HUKlOWQLV 9LHOH .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH LQ GLHVHP %HUHLFK EUDXFKHQ EHVRQGHUH $QJHERWHGLHIUDQGHUHSlGDJRJLVFKH3UR]HVVHZHQLJHUELVJDUQLFKWEHGHXWVDPVLQG VRJDU VFKlGOLFK VHLQ N|QQHQ (LQHUVHLWV ZHLO GLHVH .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKHQ RIW EHU GHVRUJDQLVLHUWH %LQGXQJVPXVWHU YHUIJHQ $EEUFKH IU VLH GHQ 1RUPDOIDOO GHU %H]LHKXQJ GDUVWHOOHQ XQG YLHOH MXQJH 0HQVFKHQ VLFK GXUFK %H]LHKXQJVDQJHERWH PLW $QWHLOHQ YRQ 1lKH EHGURKW IKOHQ (LQLJH MXQJH 0HQVFKHQ UHDJLHUHQ PLW PDVVLYHQ )OXFKWWHQGHQ]HQXQGGHP*HIKOGLH(QJHGHV6HWWLQJVQLFKWDXV]XKDOWHQZHQQLKQHQ %H]LHKXQJ XQG %LQGXQJ DQJHERWHQ ZLUG ,Q GLHVHP )DOOH N|QQHQ NRQWUROOLHUEDUH %H]LHKXQJHQLP6WULFKHU0LOLHXHLQHHFKWH$OWHUQDWLYHGDUVWHOOHQ$XFKZHQQHVGRUW]X ÄXQNRQWUROOLHUEDUHQ8QIlOOHQ³GXUFK*HZDOWNRPPWLVWGLHVIUHLQLJHXQVHUHU.OLHQWHQ XQG.OLHQWLQQHQOHLFKWHUDXV]XKDOWHQDOVGLH%HGURKOLFKNHLWYRQ%H]LHKXQJVDQJHERWHQ GLHVLHQLFKWYHUVWHKHQXQGGHQHQVLHDXFKQLFKWYHUWUDXHQN|QQHQ$QGHUH-XJHQGOLFKH UHDJLHUHQ VRJDU DJJUHVVLYDEZHKUHQG DXI EH]LHKXQJVRULHQWLHUWHV 9HUKDOWHQ GHU 3lGDJRJHQ XQG 3lGDJRJLQQHQ ,Q XQVHUHU &OHDULQJVWHOOH HUOHEWHQ ZLU HLQH 9LHU]HKQMlKULJH GLH LKUH /HKUHULQ TXHU GXUFK GLH .ODVVH VFKXEVWH QDFK GHP GLHVH JHlXHUWKDWGDVVVLHVLFKXPGDV0lGFKHQVRUJH'LHVHbXHUXQJZDUIUGDV0lGFKHQ QLFKWHLQ]XVRUWLHUHQXQGO|VWHGLHSXUH3DQLNDXV(LQH:LHGHUDQQlKHUXQJGHUEHLGHQZDU DQVFKOLHHQGQLFKWPHKUP|JOLFK $XI GHU DQGHUHQ 6HLWH LVW GLH )UDJH QDFK 1lKH XQG 'LVWDQ] DXFK HLQH )UDJH IU GLH SlGDJRJLVFKHQ)DFKNUlIWH'LH%H]LHKXQJVJHVWDOWXQJ]XGHQMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQGLHVLFK YLHOIDFKDOVÄ6\VWHPVSUHQJHU³]HLJHQLVWHLQH[WUHPEHODVWHQGHU3UR]HVVGDGLHMXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ GDV YROOH 6SHNWUXP YRQ %H]LHKXQJVPXVWHUQ ]XP .RQIOLNWIHOG HUNOlUHQ N|QQHQ%HLPDQFKHQMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQLVWMHGH)UDJHGHV$OOWDJVGLH]XNOlUHQLVWHLQH %H]LHKXQJVDQIUDJH'DQQJHKWHVQLFKWXPGLH)UDJHREPDQEHLP%HWUHWHQGHV+DXVHV GLH 6WUDHQVFKXKH DXV]LHKW RGHU RE PDQ VHLQH +DXVDXIJDEHQ PLW %OHLVWLIW RGHU .XJHOVFKUHLEHUPDFKWVRQGHUQXP)UDJHQ ZLH Ä:HU KDW KLHU ZHPHWZDV ]X VDJHQ"³ RGHUÄ%LQLFK'LUVRZLFKWLJGDVV'XDXFK]XP]HKQWHQ0DODQGLHVHP7DJHGLH(QHUJLH DXIZHQGHVW'LFKPLWPLUDXVHLQDQGHU]XVHW]HQ"³,QVROFKHQ)lOOHQLVWGDVZDVGHUMXQJH 0HQVFKDOV%H]LHKXQJVJHVWDOWXQJHUNHQQHQNDQQIUGHQ3lGDJRJHQH[WUHPDQVWUHQJHQG 19 XQGHUPGHQG$XFKJLEWHVMXQJH0HQVFKHQGLHLQGHU%H]LHKXQJ]X(UZDFKVHQHQJXW DQNRPPHQGHUHQ%H]LHKXQJV1lKHXQG9HUVRUJXQJVEHGUIQLVVHDEHUXQHUIOOEDUVLQG XQGGLH0LWDUEHLWHQGHLPZDKUVWHQ6LQQHGHV:RUWHVDXVVDXJHQ,QGLHVHQ)lOOHQIKOW VLFKGLH$XVHLQDQGHUVHW]XQJPLWGHPMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQDOVH[WUHPEHODVWHQGDQXQGQDFK GHU %HJHJQXQJ IKOHQ VLFK YLHOH GHU .ROOHJHQ XQG .ROOHJLQQHQ Y|OOLJOHHU(VEHVWHKW HLQHJURH*HIDKUGHUVHNXQGlUHQ7UDXPDWLVLHUXQJXQGYRQKHIWLJHQhEHUWUDJXQJVXQG *HJHQEHUWUDJXQJVPXVWHUQ GDGXUFK GDVV GDV .LQG VHLQ HLJHQHV 7UDXPD LQ GHU %H]LHKXQJ ]XP (UZDFKVHQHQ LPPHU ZLHGHU V\PEROLVLHUW XQG UHLQV]HQLHUW ,Q GLHVHQ )lOOHQQHLJHQGLHSlGDJRJLVFKHQ$NWHXUHIUKHURGHUVSlWHUGD]XVLFKDXIGLH5ROOHGHV (U]LHKHUV/HKUHUV%HWUHXHUV]XUFN]X]LHKHQXQGDXVGHUDXWKHQWLVFKHQ%HJHJQXQJDOV 0HQVFK GLH MHGHU HU]LHKHULVFKHQ ,QWHUDNWLRQ LQQHZRKQW YJO 2HYHUPDQQ DXV]XVWHLJHQ ZDV ZLHGHUXP EHLP MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ YHUVWlUNWH %HPKXQJHQ WLHIH 9HUOHW]WKHLWXQGDP(QGHRIWGUDPDWLVFKH(VNDODWLRQHQELVKLQ]XU.DWDVWURSKHDXVO|VHQ NDQQ ,QVRIHUQ LVW GDV $XVEDODQFLHUHQ GHV 1lKH'LVWDQ]9HUKlOWQLVVHV HLQ ZHVHQWOLFKHV *HOLQJHQV.ULWHULXPSlGDJRJLVFKHU3UR]HVVH1LFKWIUMHGHQMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQLVWHLQ ELQGXQJVRULHQWLHUWHV XQG DXI 9HUWUDXHQ DXVJHULFKWHWHV 9HUKlOWQLV .LQG3lGDJRJH ]XQlFKVW GDV EHVWJHHLJQHWH 6HWWLQJ 0DQFKH MXQJH 0HQVFKHQ N|QQHQ VLFK QXU GDQQ HLQODVVHQ ZHQQ GLH 1lKH'LVWDQ]5HJXODWLRQ JDQ] XQWHU LKUHU .RQWUROOH OLHJW LKQHQ QLFKWVDXIJHGUlQJWZLUGXQG]XQlFKVWGLH+DOWXQJÄ,FKYHUGLHQHPHLQ*HOGDXFKZHQQ GX QLFKW PLWDUEHLWHVW³ HLQJHQRPPHQ ZLUG )U DQGHUH -XJHQGOLFKH ZlUH HLQH VROFKH +DOWXQJGDJHJHQHLQH.DWDVWURSKHXQGVLHEUDXFKHQHLQDXWKHQWLVFKHV*HJHQEHUGDVV EHUHLWLVWVLFKÄLQV=HXJ]XOHJHQ³,QGLHVHQ)lOOHQVWHOOWVLFKGDQQZLHGHUXPGLH)UDJH ZLHGLHQOLFKHLQH([NOXVLYEH]LHKXQJZLUNOLFKLVWZHLOLKUH%HGUIWLJNHLWVRKRFKLVWGDVV VLHGHQ3lGDJRJHQDXI'DXHUEHUIRUGHUW'LHVHU$VSHNWPXVVDP(LQ]HOIDOOHLQJHVFKlW]W ZHUGHQ XQG NDQQ QLFKW SDXVFKDO EHDQWZRUWHW ZHUGHQ YJO %DXPDQQ 6FKOHLIIHU «DXFKDXIGLH%H]XJVJUXSSHQDXHUKDOEGHVÄ,QWHQVLYVHWWLQJV³JHULFKWHW (OHPHQWDU IU GLH (WDEOLHUXQJ ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKHU³ +LOIHQ XQG $QJHERWH LVW GLH )UDJH ZLH HLQH ,QNOXVLRQ LQ GLH QDWUOLFKHQ %H]XJVJUXSSHQ GHV 8PIHOGHV 20 YRQVWDWWHQJHKHQ NDQQ $XFK KLHU LVW ZLHGHU GHU *HGDQNH SUlJHQG LP 6LQQH GHV .HUQ]LHOHV GHU .RQWLQXLWlW GLH +LOIH QLFKW QXU DOV HLQH (SLVRGH LQ HLQHU ODQJHQ Ä+LOIHNDUULHUH³ ]X YHUDQNHUQ VRQGHUQ GLHVHQ .UHLVODXI YRQ %HHQGLJXQJHQ ]X GXUFKEUHFKHQ'DVEHGHXWHWGDVVGHU7DJGHV%HJLQQVGHU+LOIHDXFKGHU7DJVHLQVROOWH DQ GHP PLW GHP QDWUOLFKHQ 8PIHOG GHV MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ EHJRQQHQ ZLUG GLH %HGLQJXQJHQ ]X YHUEHVVHUQ GDPLW VLFK GHU MXQJH 0HQVFK LQ LKQHQ RULHQWLHUHQ NDQQ %HLVSLHO KLHUIU LVW QDWUOLFK ]XQlFKVW GLH $UEHLW LP IDPLOLlUHQ 8PIHOG 'LH +HUNXQIWVIDPLOLHEOHLEW]HQWUDOHU%H]XJVSXQNWGHVMXQJHQ0HQVFKHQXQGMHHUIROJUHLFKHU KLHU HLQH 9HUEHVVHUXQJ GHU .RPPXQLNDWLRQ HUDUEHLWHW ZHUGHQ NDQQ XPVR PHKU (QWZLFNOXQJVFKDQFHQKDWGHUMXQJH0HQVFKDXFKIUVHLQHZHLWHUH=XNXQIW 1HEHQGHU$UEHLWPLWGHP+HUNXQIWVV\VWHPVRZLHHKHPDOLJHU%H]XJVV\VWHPHYLHOHGHU VRJHQDQQWHQÄ6\VWHPVSUHQJHU³EHJDQQHQLKUH+LOIHQLQIDPLOLHQDQDORJHQ6HWWLQJVZLH 3IOHJHIDPLOLHQ RGHU (U]LHKXQJVVWHOOHQ XQG KDEHQ GRUW WUDXPDWLVFKH $EEUFKH HUOHEW EULQJHQDEHUDXFKGXUFKDXVJHOXQJHQH%LQGXQJVHUIDKUXQJHQPLWGLHEHDUEHLWHWZHUGHQ VROOWHQJHK|UWDEHUDXFKGLH$UEHLWLP8PIHOGGHU3HHUJURXSPLWJHGDFKW$OV%HLVSLHO NDQQ KLHU GLH 6FKXOH JHOWHQ (LQH ÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³ 8QWHUVWW]XQJ HLQHV VFKZLHULJHQ6FKOHUVDOOHLQNDQQZHQLJEHZLUNHQHLQHSDUDOOHOH$UEHLWPLWGHU.ODVVH GDPLW KLHU HLQ .OLPD PLW ZHQLJHU .RQIOLNWVWRII HQWVWHKW XQG DXFK 0LWVFKOHU ,GHHQ EHNRPPHQZLHPDQVRXYHUlQ(VNDODWLRQHQDXVGHP:HJJHKHQNDQQN|QQHQGDJHJHQ GLH (IIHNW GHU LQWHQVLYHQ %HJOHLWXQJ GHV .LQGHV SRWHQ]LHUHQ 6R KDEHQ ZLU LQ VFKXOEH]RJHQHQ3URMHNWHQJXWH(UIDKUXQJHQGDPLWJHPDFKWLQWHQVLYDQGHU5HGX]LHUXQJ GHUYHUEDOHQ*HZDOWLQGHU6WDPPNODVVH]XDUEHLWHQZlKUHQGVLFKHLQ6FKOHULQHLQHP 6SH]LDOSURMHNWEHIDQG'XUFKGLH.RQWLQXLWlWJHZlKUHQGH%HJOHLWXQJGHV.LQGHV]XUFN LQGLH.ODVVHNRQQWHVRPLWHLQÄURWHU)DGHQ³JHVSDQQWZHUGHQGHUIUGDV.LQGHUNHQQEDU ZDUXQGLQVHLQHU.ODVVHHLQHQ5DKPHQDXIJHEDXWKDWGHQGDVYHUPHLQWOLFKVFKZLHULJH .LQGZLHGHUHUNHQQHQNRQQWHXQGJOHLFK]HLWLJGLH.ODVVH]XHLQHPWUDJIlKLJHUHQVR]LDOHQ 1HW]KDWZHUGHQODVVHQ,QWHUHVVDQWZlUHGLH(USUREXQJVROFKHU$QVlW]HRGHUDXFKGHV $QVDW]HVGHU8QWHUVWW]HUJUXSSHQZLHHULQGHU0REELQJ,QWHUYHQWLRQHQWZLFNHOWZXUGH %OXP %HFN LP VR]LDOHQ 8PIHOG XQG GHQ 6R]LDOUlXPHQ ]% -XJHQG]HQWUHQ 6WDGWWHLOWUHIIV6SRUWYHUHLQHQ 21 )D]LW 'LH 8PVHW]XQJ GHU ,QNOXVLRQ VWHFNW LQ %H]XJ DXI GLH YHUPHLQWOLFK Ä6FKZLHULJVWHQ³ LQ HLQHUNULWLVFKHQ3KDVH(QWZHGHUVLHZLUGLQGHQQlFKVWHQ-DKUHQDOVJHVFKHLWHUWHUNOlUW± GHU :LGHUVWDQG JHJHQ GLH ,QNOXVLRQ ]% LP 6FKXOV\VWHP ZlFKVW VWHWLJ XQG GLHV LP :HVHQWOLFKHQDXI*UXQGGHU(UIDKUXQJHQPLW.LQGHUQPLWVW|UHQGHQ9HUKDOWHQVZHLVHQ± RGHU DEHU HV NRPPW HQGJOWLJ ]X HLQHU LQ GHU (LQOHLWXQJ DQJHGHXWHWHQ 7HLOXQJ GHU 3lGDJRJLN XQG VRPLW ]X HLQHU 'HOHJDWLRQ GHU YHUPHLQWOLFKHQ Ä6\VWHPVSUHQJHU³ LQ VSH]LDOLVLHUWH 7HLOGLV]LSOLQHQ XQG VHSDULHUHQGH (LQULFKWXQJVIRUPHQ $XI GLHVHU *UXQGODJH KDEH LFK YHUVXFKW GLH 6FKZLHULJNHLWHQ GHU ,QNOXVLRQVGHEDWWH EH]RJHQ DXI GLHVHV .OLHQWHO GDU]XVWHOOHQ ± PLW GHP (UJHEQLV GDVV GLHVH YLHOIDFK DXFK LQ GHU 'LVNXVVLRQ XQG GHU 8QJHNOlUWKHLW YLHOHU $VSHNWH GLHVHU 'HEDWWH ]X VXFKHQ VLQG XQG ZHQLJHULP.OLHQWHOVHOEVW'DUEHUKLQDXVKDEHLFKYHUVXFKWGDVDNWXHOOH3UD[LVIHOGGHU Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³]XXPUHLHQXQGDEVFKOLHHQG$VSHNWH]XIRUPXOLHUHQGLHIUHLQH LQNOXVLYH$XVULFKWXQJGHUÄ,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³XQGDXFKIUHLQHÄLQWHQVLYSlGDJRJLVFKH³ $XVULFKWXQJGHU,QNOXVLRQYRQ1|WHQZlUHQ ,P(UJHEQLVEHGHXWHWGLHVIUPLFKZLUEUDXFKHQ+LOIHVWUXNWXUHQGLHQDFKHLQHUNODUHQ ,QGLNDWLRQVDQDO\VHXQGGHUGRSSHOWHQ)UDJHVWHOOXQJQDFKP|JOLFKVWHIIHNWLYHU+LOIHLP 6LQQHHLQHVP|JOLFKVWZDKUVFKHLQOLFKHQ&RPSOLHQFHXQGHLQHPP|JOLFKVWDXVKDOWEDUHQ 6HWWLQJ VR HLQH 6SDQQZHLWH YRQ $QJHERWVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ EHUHLWKDOWHQ GLH YRQ GHU 0|JOLFKNHLW LQWHQVLYHU 8QWHUVWW]XQJ EHVWHKHQGHU 6\VWHPH EHU GLH 6FKDIIXQJ H[WUHP IOH[LEOHUYROOVWDWLRQlUHU6HWWLQJVVRZRKOLQ*UXSSHQZLHDXFKLQ(LQ]HOPDQDKPHQELV ]XQLHGULJVFKZHOOLJHQ$QJHERWHQUHLFKWXQGDOV2SWLRQEHUHLWKlOW:HQQHVGDQQJHOLQJW GLHVH Ä.ODYLDWXU³ VR ]X VSLHOHQ GDVV IU GHQ MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ XQG VHLQH )DPLOLH .RQWLQXLWlW HQWVWHKW XQG IU GLH 3lGDJRJHQ XQG 3lGDJRJLQQHQ 6LFKHUKHLW XQG %HODVWEDUNHLW YHUPLWWHOW ZHUGHQ NDQQ MD GDQQ ,67 Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ HLQ :HJ ]XU ,QNOXVLRQ YRQ MXQJHQ 0HQVFKHQ GLH GHU]HLW DOV Ä6\VWHPVSUHQJHU³ GLH SlGDJRJLVFKHQ %HPKXQJHQ DQ LKUH XQGHILQLHUWHQ *UHQ]HQ EULQJHQ XQG ]ZLVFKHQ ULJLGHQ $XVJUHQ]XQJVULWXDOHQXQGHLQHUIDNWLVFKHQ1LFKW+LOIHKLQXQGKHUJHZRUIHQZHUGHQXQG VRPLW ]X Ä3HQGOHUQ³ ]ZLVFKHQ +LOIHV\VWHPHQ XQG ]ZLVFKHQ 3KDVHQ YRQ =ZDQJ XQG ,JQRUDQ] ZHUGHQ 'DV )HOG GHU Ä,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLN³ PXVV GD]X GULQJHQG DXFK ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKXQWHUVXFKWXQGVWUXNWXULHUWXQGGHPIROJHQGGXUFKVSH]LHOOH.RPSHWHQ] 22 XQG $XVELOGXQJVJlQJH LQ GHU 3UD[LV SURIHVVLRQDOLVLHUW XQG KDQGOXQJVVLFKHU JHPDFKW ZHUGHQGDPLWHVGLHVHQ%HLWUDJ]XU,QNOXVLRQMXQJHU0HQVFKHQDXFKOHLVWHQNDQQ /LWHUDWXU %DXPDQQ09HUVWHKHQGH6XEMHNWORJLVFKH'LDJQRVWLNEHL9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ (LQ,QVWUXPHQWDULXPIU9HUVWHKHQVSUR]HVVHLQSlGDJRJLVFKHQ.RQWH[WHQ+DPEXUJ 7UHGLWLRQ9HUODJ %DXPDQQ0.LQGHUGLH6\VWHPHVSUHQJHQ±:HQQ-XJHQGOLFKHXQG (U]LHKXQJVKLOIHDQHLQDQGHUVFKHLWHUQ%DOWPDQQVZHLOHU6FKQHLGHU9HUODJ+RKHQJHKUHQ %DXPDQQ0-XJHQGOLFKH6\VWHPVSUHQJHU±]ZLVFKHQ-XJHQGKLOIHXQG-XVWL] XQG3V\FKLDWULH,Q=HLWVFKULIWIU-XJHQGNULPLQDOUHFKWXQG-XJHQGKLOIH 6 %OXP+%HFN'1R%ODPH$SSURDFK±0REELQJ,QWHUYHQWLRQLQGHU 6FKXOH.|OQIDLUDHQG (QVHU00DVVLYH*HIKOVXQG9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQEHL-XQJHQLQ IUHLKHLWVHQW]LHKHQGHQ-XJHQGKLOIHPDQDKPHQQDFKE%*%L9)** )UDQNIXUWD0%HUOLQ%HUQ%UX[HOOHV1HZ<RUN2[IRUG:LHQ3HWHU/DQJ9HUODJ )UH\EHUJ7YRQ:ROI$6W|UHUXQG*HVW|UWH±%DQG.RQIOLNWJHVFKLFKWHQ QLFKWEHVFKXOEDUHU-XJHQGOLFKHU)UDQNIXUWD0%UDQGHVGX$SVHO +LOOHQEUDQG&'HVNULSWLRQXQG3URJUDPP=XU3UREOHPDWLNGHV%HJULIIV Ä9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJ³,Q6RQGHUSlGDJRJLN6 +LOOHQEUDQG&(YLGHQ]EDVLHUWH3UD[LVLP)|UGHUVFKZHUSXQNWHPRWLQDOVR]LDOH (QWZLFNOXQJ,Q6WHLQ50OOHU7+J,QNOXVLRQLP)|UGHUVFKZHUSXQNW HPRWLRQDOHXQGVR]LDOH(QWZLFNOXQJ6WXWWJDUW.RKOKDPPHU6 +LQ]$9RQGHU,QWHJUDWLRQ]XU,QNOXVLRQ±WHUPLQRORJLVFKHV6SLHORGHU NRQ]HSWLRQHOOH:HLWHUHQWZLFNOXQJ",Q=HLWVFKULIWIU+HLOSlGDJRJLN6 +LQ]$,QNOXVLRQ,Q$QWRU*%OHLGLFN8+J+DQGOH[LNRQGHU %HKLQGHUWHQSlGDJRJLN6FKOVVHOEHJULIIHDXV7KHRULHXQG3UD[LV6WXWWJDUW .RKOKDPPHU6 23 -XOLXV+%LQGXQJVJHOHLWHWH,QWHUYHQWLRQHQ,Q*DVWHLJHU.OLFSHUD%-XOLXV +.OLFSHUD&+UVJ6RQGHUSlGDJRJLNGHUVR]LDOHQXQGHPRWLRQDOHQ(QWZLFNOXQJ *|WWLQJHQ%HUQ:LHQXD+RIJUHYH6± 0HQN66FKQRUU96FKUDSSHU&!!:RKHUNRPPWGLH)UHLKHLWEHLDOOGHP =ZDQJH"/DQJ]HLWVWXGLH]XGHQ$XV:LUNXQJHQJHVFKORVVHQHU8QWHUEULQJXQJLQ GHU-XJHQGKLOIH:HLQKHLP%DVHO%HO]-XYHQWD 2HYHUPDQQ87KHRUHWLVFKH6NL]]HHLQHUUHYLGLHUWHQ7KHRULHSURIHVVLRQDOLVLHUHQ +DQGHOQV ,Q &RPEH $ +HOVSHU +UVJ 3lGDJRJLVFKH 3URIHVVLRQDOLWlW ± 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XP 7\SXV SlGDJRJLVFKHQ +DQGOHQV )UDQNIXUW D0 .RKOKDPPHU 9HUODJ6 3RSS.6FKXOLVFKH,QWHUYHQWLRQVXQG5HKDELOLWDWLRQVP|JOLFKNHLWHQEHL 'URSRXW6FKOHUQ,Q5LFNLQJ+6FKXO]H*:LWWURFN0+J6FKXODEVHQWLVPXV XQG'URSRXW3DGHUERUQ9HUODJ)HUGLQDQG6FK|QLQJK 5HLVHU+)|UGHUVFKZHUSXQNW9HUKDOWHQ,Q=HLWVFKULIWIU+HLOSlGDJRJLN 6± 5HLVHU+:LOOPDQQ08UEDQ06RQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKH 8QWHUVWW]XQJVV\VWHPHEHL9HUKDOWHQVSUREOHPHQLQGHU6FKXOH±,QQRYDWLRQHQLP )|UGHUVFKZHUSXQNW(PRWLRQDOHXQG6R]LDOH(QWZLFNOXQJ%DG+HLOEUXQQ.OLQNKDUGW 9HUODJ 5LFNLQJ+6FKXO]H*:LWWURFN0'LH*HIlKUGXQJYRQ6FKOHUQPLW %HHLQWUlFKWLJXQJHQLP/HUQHQXQG9HUKDOWHQGXUFKXQWHUULFKWVPHLGHQGH 9HUKDOWHQVPXVWHU,Q6FKU|GHU8:LWWURFN05ROXV%RUJZDUG67lQ]HU8 +UVJ/HUQEHHLQWUlFKWLJXQJXQG9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ±.RQYHUJHQ]HQLQ7KHRULHXQG 3UD[LV6WXWWJDUW%HUOLQ.|OQ.RKOKDPPHU9HUODJ6 6FKOHLIIHU5=XP1XW]HQGHU%LQGXQJVIRUVFKXQJIUGLH3UD[LVVWDWLRQlUHU (U]LHKXQJVKLOIH,Q(YDQJHOLVFKH-XJHQGKLOIH6 6FKZDEH 0 :DV WXQ PLW GHQ 6FKZLHULJVWHQ" %UDXFKHQ ZLU QHXH EHVRQGHUH SlGDJRJLVFKH .RQ]HSWH IU VRJHQDQQWH PDQDKPHUHVLVWHQWH .LQGHU XQG -XJHQGOLFKH" ,Q(YDQJHOLVFKH-XJHQGKLOIH6± 6FKZDEH06WDOOPDQQ09XVW')UHLUDXPPLW5LVLNR± 1LHGULJVFKZHOOLJH(U]LHKXQJVKLOIHQIUVRJHQDQQWH6\VWHPVSUHQJHULQQHQ,EEHQEUHQ 0QVWHUPDQQ 24 6FKZDEH0%UDXFKHQZLUHLQH!!,QWHQVLYSlGDJRJLNXQGZHQQMDZHOFKH IUZDV"=XU.RQWXULHUXQJHLQHV]X5HFKWXPVWULWWHQHQ%HJULIIV,Q(YDQJHOLVFKH -XJHQGKLOIH6 6FKPLG0(LQH7UDXPDSlGDJRJLNEUDXFKWHVZHLO«3URMHNWLGHHXQG hEHUOHJXQJHQ]XUNRQNUHWHQ8PVHW]XQJGHV3URMHNWV,Q(5(97KHRULHXQG3UD[LVGHU -XJHQGKLOIH6 6WHLQ53lGDJRJLNEHL9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ±]ZLVFKHQ,QNOXVLRQXQG ,QWHQVLYDQJHERWHQ,Q=HLWVFKULIWIU+HLOSlGDJRJLN6 9HUQRRLM0=XU3UREOHPDWLNGHUVFKXOLVFKHQLQWHJUDWLYHQ(U]LHKXQJXQG %LOGXQJYRQ.LQGHUQXQG-XJHQGOLFKHQPLW9HUKDOWHQVVW|UXQJHQ,Q5LFNLQJ+ 6FKXO]H*&+J)|UGHUEHGDUILQGHUHPRWLRQDOHQXQGVR]LDOHQ(QWZLFNOXQJ± 3UlYHQWLRQ,QWHUGLV]LSOLQDULWlWXQG3URIHVVLRQDOLVLHUXQJ%DG+HLOEUXQQ.OLQNKDUGW6 :DFKWHO3.LQGHUXQG-XJHQGOLFKHPLW)|UGHUEHGDUILQGHU(PRWLRQDOHQXQG 6R]LDOHQ(QWZLFNOXQJLP%LOGXQJVXQG$XVELOGXQJVV\VWHP,Q5LFNLQJ+6FKXO]H *&+J)|UGHUEHGDUILQGHUHPRWLRQDOHQXQGVR]LDOHQ(QWZLFNOXQJ±3UlYHQWLRQ ,QWHUGLV]LSOLQDULWlWXQG3URIHVVLRQDOLVLHUXQJ%DG+HLOEUXQQ.OLQNKDUGW6 :LHVQHU5)UHLKHLWVHQW]LHKXQJLQSlGDJRJLVFKHU9HUDQWZRUWXQJ",Q(5(9 6FKULIWHQUHLKH6 :LOOPDQQ05HJLRQDOH%HUDWXQJVXQG8QWHUVWW]XQJVVWHOOHQ5(%86LQGHU +DQVHVWDGW+DPEXUJ,Q5HLVHU+:LOOPDQQ08UEDQ0+J 6RQGHUSlGDJRJLVFKH8QWHUVWW]XQJVV\VWHPHEHL9HUKDOWHQVSUREOHPHQLQGHU6FKXOH± ,QQRYDWLRQHQLP)|GHUVFKZHUSXQNW(PRWLRQDOHXQG6R]LDOH(QWZLFNOXQJ%DG +HLOEUXQQ.OLQNKDUGW9HUODJ6 25
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc