Triticale variety sowing guide 2015

Sowing Guide 2015
Triticale variety sowing guide 2015
By Charlton Jeisman, SARDI, Waite Institute
T
riticale is predominantly grown
for use as stockfeed and therefore
has fewer end uses compared with
other winter cereals, particularly since
barley is often preferred as a feed grain.
Dual purpose triticale varieties, suitable
for grazing and grain production, are an
option for the higher rainfall areas of the
state.
Triticale will grow on similar soils
to wheat and barley although it is
recognised for its per formance on
a range of less favourable soil types
including acidic and alkaline soils.
Triticale’s vigorous root system also allows
it to do well on light sandy soils with low
fertility, as well as soils with high boron
content and areas prone to moderate
waterlogging.
Many triticale varieties feature a high
level of CCN resistance, which enables
the crop to be a valuable rotation option
in farming systems, especially in lower
rainfall environments where break crop
options are often limited.
Resistance to stripe rust has long been
a positive feature of growing triticale,
however new rust strains are causing a
gradual breakdown of resistance in some
varieties, increasing the need for growers
to observe resistance levels when selecting
varieties. Please refer to table 1 and the
latest disease guides for the most up to
date information.
Two new triticale varieties have been
released for the southern cropping
region.
Bison has been released by AGT for
the low to medium rainfall zone. It has
a reduced awn length, is early to midseason maturity and boasts good
resistance to all rusts (Stem -R, Stripe MR, Leaf - RMR). Seed will be available to
growers in 2016.
KM10 is another new release, bred
by Cooper and Elleway. It is a very fast
growing variety with excellent early
forage production across a
range of rainfall zones, although
it is particularly suited to grain
production in shorter season
areas.
It has good resistance to
all three rusts, although is
susceptible to CCN.
moderately susceptible to stripe
rust. Seed is available from
Waratah Seed Co. Ltd.
BisonA
Bison (tested as TSA 0451) is
a newly released triticale variety
from AGT and is regarded as a
Charlton Jeisman
Rufus alternative for the low to
Variety performance
medium rainfall zones. It has a reduced
Fusion A was the highest yielding
awn, is early to mid-season maturity and
has good resistance to stem, stripe and
triticale variety in the National Variety
leaf rusts. Bison is protected by PBR.
Trials across South Australia in 2013 with
Seed will be available to growers in 2016
a 17% yield increase over Tahara when
through AGT affiliates.
averaged across all sites.
Although Fusion has only been released
BogongA
for a few years, it appears to be well suited
to the high rainfall regions of the state.
Bogong (tested as H127) was released
Bison A and Bogong A also performed
by the University of New England,
Armidale, in 2008. It is a grain variety
very well in trials across South Australia in
with early to mid-season flowering
2013 with both varieties achieving an 11%
(similar to Treat). It is fully awned, stiff
yield increase over Tahara when averaged
strawed and has good resistance to all
across all sites, although data for Bison
common field strains of rust. Bogong has
was from only one year’s evaluation.
been one of the top yielding varieties
Bison is a dual purpose variety and will
over the past seven seasons (up to 15%
continue to be evaluated in coming
above Tahara) of evaluation across all
seasons.
environments. It is a widely adapted
Many new triticale varieties now outclass
spring variety that is moderately
the foundation varieties such as Tahara
susceptible to CCN. Bogong is protected
and Tickit across all environments. The
by PBR with seed marketed by Viterra.
newer varieties offer broad adaptation,
high yields, and improved grain quality
CanobolasA
relative to Tahara.
Note that grain quality characteristics
Canobolas (tested as H418) was released
and feed value for livestock are similar for
in 2008 by the Universtiy of New England,
all triticale varieties and are influenced
Armidale. It is an early to mid season
more by seasonal conditions than by
grain variety (similar to Treat), is awned,
varietal differences.
stiff strawed but is now MSS to stripe rust.
Canobolas is a widely adapted spring
Notes on current triticale varieties
variety that has improved tolerance to
acidic soils. Canobolas is protected by
BerkshireA
PBR with seed marketed by Viterra.
Berkshire (tested as JRCT74) was
ChopperA
developed in collaboration with the
University of Sydney and the Pork CRC.
Chopper (tested as TSA0219) was
Berkshire has been purpose bred for
released by AGT in 2010. Chopper is a
its feed quality traits for pigs. Berkshire
very early maturing (7-15 days earlier
is mid-season maturity (similar to
than Tahara), fully awned spring triticale
Tahara) with good straw strength but is
and is seen as an alternative to Speedee
2015
SARDI Sowing Guide < 53
Sowing Guide 2015
Table 1. Agronomic and disease characteristics of triticale varieties.
Variety
Origin
Purpose
Rainfall zone and
environment
Grain
NSW
SA
NSW
NSW
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
NSW
VIC
SA
NSW
SA
NSW
Grain
Dual Purpose
Grain
Grain
Grain
Grain
Grain
Grain
Grain
Dual Purpose
Grain
Grain
Dual Purpose
Dual Purpose
Dual Purpose
Suited to late
sowing
Suits long
season,
high rainfall
(450mm+)
environments as
a grain crop
High rainfall
(500mm+)
Berkshire
Bison
Bogong
Canobolas
Fusion
Goanna
Hawkeye
KM10
Jaywick
Rufus
Tahara
Yowie
Endeavour
Tuckerbox
Yukuri
SA
Low rainfall (<375mm)
Chopper
Height
Maturity
Head Type
Stripe
Rust
CCN
Resistance /
Tolerance
R
Pratylenchus
neglectus
Resistance /
Tolerance
-
Pratylenchus
thornei
Resistance /
Tolerance
-
S-M
Very E
W/Awned
MSS
T
T
M-T
M-T
M-T
T
M-T
M-T
M-T
T
T
M-T
T
-
E-M
E-M
M
M
M
E-M
M
E-M
M
M
M
M
L
M
M-L
W/Awned
W/ R Awn
W/Awned
W/Awned
W/Awned
W / Awned
W/Awned
W/ R Awn
W/Awned
W/ R Awn
W/Awned
W / Awned
W/ R Awn
W/ R Awn
W/ R Awn
MS
MR^
MS
MSS
MSS
MRMS^
MR*
MR^
MR*
MRMS
MS
MRMS
R
MR
RMR
MS / T
R
R
R
S
R
R/T
R/T
R
R
R
S
MRR/MT
MRR/MT
-
MRR/MT
R / MT
-
Height: S = Short, M = Medium, T = Tall.
Maturity: E = Early, M = Mid, L = Late.
Disease resistance: S = Susceptible, MS = Moderately Susceptible, MR = Moderately Resistant, R = Resistant. (*some Susceptible plants in mix, ^limited data)
Disease tolerance: T = Tolerant, MT = Moderately Tolerant.
Note that all recommended varieties are MR-R to stem and leaf rust, yellow leaf spot, mildew and scald.
All varieties are S to crown rot and MS to common root rot.
offering CCN and rust resistance. It is
a semi dwarf variety, shorter than all
other triticale varieties (approximately
15% shorter than Tahara) significantly
reducing its tendency to lodge when
grown in high yielding environments.
Like Speedee, Chopper performs best in
short growing season environments (ie.
sharp finishes) or late sowing situations.
Grain quality is good and similar to other
new grain variety releases. It is protected
by PBR with seed available from AGT
Seeds.
FusionA
Fusion (tested as TSA0291) was released
by AGT in 2012. Fusion is a mid season
maturing spring triticale (similar to
Tahara), is fully awned and has excellent
resistance to leaf, stripe and stem rust. It
has CCN resistance and has a moderately
tall plant height, similar to Rufus. Fusion
is a well adapted, high yielding triticale
with good grain size and low screenings.
Fusion has been one of the top yielding
varieties over the past four seasons (up
to 17% above Tahara). It is protected by
PBR with seed available from AGT Seeds.
Goanna
Goanna was released in 2011 by
Cooper & Elleway as an early-medium
54 > SARDI Sowing Guide
2015
season spring type grain variety (similar
heading time to Treat). Goanna has good
resistance to current pathotypes of leaf,
stem, and stripe rust. Goanna is a fully
awned, tall variety with CCN resistance,
and appears to have a reliable grain
production and quality (good protein
and test weight) under drier conditions .
Goanna is a non PBR variety and seed is
available from Cooper & Elleway.
HawkeyeA
Hawkeye (tested as TSA0108) was
released by AGT in 2007 and is a broadly
adapted, mid maturing variety with high
yield potential and CCN resistance. It has
good resistance to all rusts and produces
large grain with low screenings (similar to
Tahara) and good test weight (like Treat).
It is considered a high yielding alternative
to Tahara and a CCN and stripe rust
resistant alternative to Kosciuszko. It is
protected by PBR with seed available
from AGT Seeds.
JaywickA
Jaywick (tested as TSA0124) was
released by AGT in 2007 and is a broadly
adapted, mid maturing variety with high
yield potential and CCN resistance. It
has moderate to good resistance to all
rusts and produces large grain with
low screenings and good test weight. It
is considered a slightly earlier, higher
yielding alternative to Tahara. It is
protected by PBR with seed available
from AGT Seeds.
KM10
KM10 is a new release from Cooper and
Elleway. It is very quick growing and is
a reduced awn head type with excellent
early forage production in all rainfall
zones. Although tending to have reduced
grain size, KM10 is particularly suited
to grain production in shorter season
areas. It has good rust resistance but
is susceptible to CCN. It is a non PBR
variety and seed is available from Cooper
& Elleway.
Rufus
Rufus (tested as PT344) was released by
the University of New England in 2004,
as a dual purpose or hay type. It is a tall,
mid-season maturity, CCN-resistant variety
with wide adaptation offering good rust
resistance.
It is suitable for use as a grain variety
although its reduced awn length, good
early vigour and height attributes make
it suitable for hay production or as a dual
purpose variety.
Rufus is 2-3 days earlier maturing and
Sowing Guide 2015
Table 2. Predicted yield of triticale varieties in SA by region, as a % Tahara
Variety
LOWER EP
UPPER EP
YORKE PENINSULA
% of
No. Trials
% of
No. Trials
% of
No. Trials
Tahara
Tahara
Tahara
Abacus
68
2
Berkshire
112
9
106
10
101
5
Bison
111
2
Bogong
113
13
106
13
108
7
Canobolas
111
13
105
13
103
7
Chopper
109
11
106
12
102
6
Endeavour
84
7
Fusion
122
7
111
8
110
4
Goanna
103
5
101
6
101
3
Hawkeye
111
15
105
15
104
8
Jaywick
106
15
102
15
100
8
Rufus
102
13
101
14
102
7
Tahara
100
15
100
15
100
8
Tuckerbox
87
9
98
3
Yowie
99
7
98
8
97
4
Yukuri
80
9
Tahara (t/ha)
2.90
2.00
2.84
Data source: SARDI/ GRDC NVT. 2006-2013 MET data analysis by National Statistics Program.
is 5 cm taller than Tahara, indicating
lodging may be a problem in very high
rainfall situations. It is a non PBR variety
and seed is widely available.
Tahara
Tahara has long been the benchmark
variety for use in cereal rotations in most
districts up to 500 mm average annual
rainfall however its tall plant height
makes it prone to lodging under high
yielding situations.
Tahara has good resistance to CCN
and root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus
neglectus) making it a valuable disease
break option.
Tahara is moderately susceptible to
stripe rust however and outclassed for
yield by many newer grain varieties.
Tahara seed can be purchased from
commercial growers.
MID NORTH
% of
No. Trials
Tahara
111
5
111
7
109
7
110
6
120
4
102
3
109
8
104
8
102
7
100
8
86
3
98
4
2.87
Yowie
Yowie was released in 2010 as a medium
season spring type, grain variety. It is
slightly later heading than Tahara and
has good resistance to current pathotypes
of stem, stripe, and leaf rust, as well as
CCN. Yowie is a fully awned, medium-tall,
modest yielding variety, with relatively
good test weight and low screenings.
Yowie is a non-PBR variety available from
Cooper & Elleway.
Dual purpose triticale varieties
All dual purpose varieties produce
high volumes of dry matter and are
comparable to production of forage oats.
Dual purpose varieties can be grown as
a hay crop, but generally require early
sowing or a longer growing season to
achieve significant grain production.
Endeavour was released in 2007 by the
MALLEE
% of
No. Trials
Tahara
104
5
108
7
104
7
106
6
114
4
101
3
105
8
100
8
102
7
100
8
96
4
2.27
SOUTH EAST
% of
No. Trials
Tahara
93
6
117
6
119
7
118
7
105
4
102
4
123
4
104
3
118
8
116
8
103
8
100
8
90
5
108
4
92
6
4.82
University of Sydney. It is a long season
variety suited to high rainfall regions,
offering potential for hay production.
It has reduced awns and good rust
resistance. Certified seed can be obtained
from Waratah Seed Co. Ltd.
Tuckerbox is a late-medium season, tall,
high tillering variety with reduced awn
head type, which may be grown for forage
or grain. Released in 2010, Tuckerbox
has good resistance to all rusts and CCN.
Tuckerbox is available from Yankalilla
Seeds.
Yukuri was bred by the University
of New England in 2004 and is a latemedium season variety with reduced awn
head type. It is suitable for forage and
grain production in environments with
450 mm+ rainfall. It has very good rust
resistance, but is susceptible to CCN.
Yukuri is a non-PBR variety.
2015
SARDI Sowing Guide < 55

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