2014 ASIAN CONGRESS OF
APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
(ACAP 2014)
PROGRAM & ABSTRACT BOOK
MAY 7 - 8, 2014
SINGAPORE
HOSTED BY
ASIA PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY
WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF
AVENTIS SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
www.academy.edu.sg
[email protected]
Copyright ©APIA Publications
2014 Asian Congress of Applied Psychology – Singapore
Program and Abstract Book
ISBN: 978-981-07-9610-5
Publisher: Asia Pacific International Academy
April 2014
The authors of individual papers are responsible for technical, content, and linguistic
correctness.
CONTENTS
Contents...................................................................................................................................i
About APIA..............................................................................................................................iii
ACAP Advisory Board...............................................................................................................iv
ACAP Officers...........................................................................................................................v
Conference program.........................................................................................................1 - 10
Abstract Book..................................................................................................................11 - 46
Directory of Participants..................................................................................................47 - 50
APIA
Asia Pacific International Academy
Aventis School of Management is a Leading Graduate School dedicated to the development of
professionals and business leaders. Aventis is a member of the European Foundation for Management
Development (EFMD), European Council for Business Education (ECBE), Executive MBA Council and
United Nations (UN) Global Compact partnership. Through our close collaboration with professional
bodies including the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM UK); American Association for Financial
Management (AAFM), Aventis qualifications are industry driven and recognised by professional bodies
internationally.
Asia Pacific International Academy (APIA), a subsidiary of Aventis School of Management, was found
in 2010 with the purpose of promoting academic research and intellectual development of researchers,
academicians and professionals from various institutions and across different countries in the AsiaPacific region and beyond through academic conferences and executive training.
We strive to organise the best academic conferences in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. On behalf
of all APIA conference executives, I sincerely thank you for your participation and look forward to
seeing you at our conference.
Have a great day!
Tan Lee Ming
Conference Secretariat
ACAP ADVISORY BOARD
•
Dr. Jane Montague, University of Derby, UK
•
Dr. Carrie Childs, University of Derby, UK
•
Dr. Christopher Barnes, University of Derby, UK
•
Dr. Thomas Hunt, University of Derby, UK
•
Emeritus Professor Allen Kraut, City University of New York, U.S.A
•
Assistant Professor Olwen Bedford, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
•
Professor Dan Levin, Aventis School of Management, Singapore
•
Dr. Patrick Chan Kheng Ping, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
•
Dr. Diane Bray, University of Roehampton, UK
•
Professor Lisa Woolfson, University of Strathclyde, UK
ACAP OFFICERS
Samuel Teo
General Manager
Aventis School of Management, Singapore
E-mail: [email protected]
Tan Lee Ming
Conference Manager
Asia Pacific International Academy, Singapore
E-mail: [email protected]
Joyce Lee Chuen Yin
Conference Executive
Asia Pacific International Academy, Singapore
E-mail: [email protected]
Tan Hwee Li
Conference Officer
Asia Pacific International Academy, Singapore
E-mail: [email protected]
CONFERENCE PROGRAM
WEDNESDAY, MAY 7 (DAY 1)
REGISTRATION: 08:30 – 17:00
OPENING: 08:30 – 09:00
Introduction to ACAP 2014
KEYNOTE SESSION: 09:00 – 10:00
Room: L.ZICKLIN
The Potential and Pitfalls of Employee Engagement Surveys
Emeritus Professor Allen Kraut, Professor Emeritus of Management at Baruch College, City
University of New York
The Key to Applying Psychological Research in Asia
Assistant Professor Olwen Bedford, Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University;
Ph.D.,Sociocultural Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder
BEST RESEARCH PAPER AWARD
BEST STUDENT PAPER AWARD
SPONSORED BY WILEY: 10:00 – 10:05
COFFEE BREAK: 10:05 – 10:20
SESSION I: 10:20 – 12:50
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY I
Room: L.ZICKLIN
Chair: Shobha Menon
Fragmented Selves: Recall of Self-Referenced Adjectives and the Self-Schema in Schizophrenia
Fahad Rahman, Forman Christian College University, Pakistan
Goal-Oriented Hopeful Thinking Enhances Adjustments in Cancer Treatment
Samuel Ho, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The Impact of Work-Family Conflict and Work Factors on Healthy Behaviours: Examining the
Moderating Effects of Culture and Gender
Madihah Shukri, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Investigating to What Extent Practical Demonstration can Persuade People about the Effectiveness of
Exercise as a Stress Release Mechanism
Tanjila Drishti, Asian University for Women (AUW), Bangladesh
Emotional Healing Through Induced Therapeutic Crying: A Mixed Method Approach
Reynold Varela, Adamson University, Philippines
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY I
Room: C.Powell
Chair: Sangeeta Khullar
The Effects of Migrant Characteristics and Intrapersonal Mediators on School Experience of Migrant
Children: A Conceptual Model
Lue Fang, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The Relationship of Learning Styles and Personality Traits of Freshman students of the Tarlac State
University
Maria Sheila Garcia, Tarlac State University, Philippines
The Study of Attitudes and Study Skills of Higher Secondary Students towards the subject Chemistry
Anand Panneer Selvam, Seethakkathi Matriculation Hr.Sec School, India
Neurodevelopment: A Whole Brain Approach to Stimulate Creativity, Innovation, Sustainability and
Maximize Achievement in Early Childhood Development through Play
Nicolene Du Preez, UNISA, South Africa
Teachers' Voting Behavior
Felice Yeban, Philippine Normal University, Philippines; Marivilla Lydia Aggarao, Philippine Normal
University, Philippines; Benjamin Domingcil, Philippine Normal University, Philippines
LUNCH: 12:50 – 14:00
SESSION II: 14:00 – 15:30
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY I
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Fahad Rahman
Role of Organizational Role Stress in the Work-Life Balance, Physical and Psychological Well-Being of
Government and Private Sector Employees
Sangeeta Khullar, MKP (PG) College, Dehra Dun, India; Neeti Bisht, MKP (PG) College, Dehra Dun,
India
Application of Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) Model on Organizational Justice and Wellbeing
Study among Malaysian Workers
R Zirwatul Aida R Ibrahim, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia; Azlina Abu Bakar, University
Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia; Mazidah Mohd Dagang, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Effects of Meditation Awareness Training on Work Related Wellbeing and Performance: A Randomized
Controlled Trial
Edo Shonin, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom; William Van Gordon, Nottingham Trent
University, United Kingdom; Mark Griffiths, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY II
Room: C. Powell
Chair: Samuel Ho
The Balance of Highs and Lows: The Effects of Temperament on EF and School Readiness
Tony Lim, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Leong Hwee Ng, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore; Xinyi Lim, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Kai Xin Chia, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore; Ke Xin Yeo, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Li Qu,
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
The Structural Model between Perceived Learning Environment, Achievement Goals, Social Goals and
Academic Performance of Hong Kong University Students
Lok Yan Chan, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong; Man-Tak Leung, Hong Kong Shue Yan
University, Hong Kong
Is It Difficult to Decide? : Preliminary Study for Career Maturity in Fourth Grade College Students at
University of Jenderal Achmad Yani
Vera Angliani Juwita, University of Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
COFFEE BREAK: 15:30 – 16:00
SESSION III: 16:00 – 18:00
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY II
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Olwen Bedford
Psychological Capital, Subjective Wellbeing, Organisational Virtuousness and Organisational
Citizenship Behaviour amongst Teachers
Yajna Singh, Univeristy of Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa; Joey Buitendach, Univeristy of Kwa Zulu Natal,
South Africa
Psychological Contract in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprise
Risky Harisa Haslan, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia; John Richards, University
of Nottingham UK Campus, United Kingdom; Hazel Melanie Ramos, University of Nottingham Malaysia
Campus, Malaysia
The Moderating Effects of Organizational Culture on the Impact of Servant Leadership and Affective
Commitment to Change on Job Performance of Community Policing Officers
Rinny Wowor, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Effects of Sustained Task Performance on Learning, Cognitive Fluency and Decision-Making: Fatigue
or Practice?
Simon A Jackson, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia; Sabina Kleitman, School of
Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia; Eugene Aidman, Defence Science and Technology
Organisation, Australia
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT I
Room: C. Powell
Chair: Koonghean Foo
Filial Parenting Style
Koonghean Foo, James Cook University, Singapore
Lifestyle, Career Adaptability & Narrative: An Adlerian Approach to Retirement Transition
Tien-Lun Sun, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong; Hiu-Chung Chan, Hong Kong Shue Yan
University, Hong Kong
Exploring Pessimism Bias and Spotlight Effect in Counterfeit Consumption
Lingjing Zhan, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Piyush Sharma, Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong; Ricky Chan, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Religiosity and Ideology as Mediators of Adjustment for Children Exposed to War Atrocities in South of
Lebanon and Gaza Strip
Vivian Khamis, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
THURSDAY, MAY 8 (DAY 2)
REGISTRATION: 08:30 – 17:00
SESSION I: 09:00 – 10:30
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY II
Room: L.ZICKLIN
Chair: Reynold Varela
The Incremental Validity of Emotional Intelligence in Explaining Psychological Well-Being
Wan Nurul Izza Wan Husin, University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia; Angeli Santos
University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia; Hazel Melanie Ramos, University of
Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia
Alzheimer's Disease : A Case Study
Rewati Hatkanagalekar, Navjeevan, India
Family Relationships and Communication Before and After Suicide: A Mixed Method Approach
Chye Hong Liew, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Michael Kral, University of Illinois at
Urbana Champaign, United States
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY III
Room: B.Baruch
Chair: Pooja Jaggi
Education and the Philosophy of Karma
Maya Mainkar, Baburaoji Gholap College, University of Pune, India
Relationship between Sense of School Belonging, Social and Academic Achievement Goals, and
Learning Strategies of Hong Kong Undergraduates
Sin-Man Fong, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong; Man-Tak Leung, Hong Kong Shue Yan
University, Hong Kong
Correlation between Self Regulation and Procrastination in Thesis Writing among Students in Faculty of
Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada
Yustisia Anugrah Septiani, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia; Amrzal Rustam, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Indonesia
COFFEE BREAK: 10:30 – 10:50
SESSION II: 10:50 – 12:50
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY III
Room: L.ZICKLIN
Chair: Gail Ilagan
Impact of Mobile Dependency on Aspects of Social Isolation among College Students
Anuja Deshpande, Maniben Nanavati Women's College, India; Vaishnavi Verma, Smt. M.M.P Shah
Women's College, India; Gauri Sarda, University of Pune, India
Coping with Intimate Partner Violence: Do all follow the Same Pattern?
Gunendra Dissanayake, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Definitions of Wellness among Diverse Groups of Adults in Malaysia
Dini Farhana Baharudin, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Malaysia; Zuria Mahmud,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia; Salleh Amat, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
An Exploratory Study of the Associations between Parental Comments and Body Shape and
Disordered Eating Concerns in Young Adults
Samuel C. W. Chng, James Cook University, Singapore; Daniel B. Fassnacht, James Cook University,
Singapore
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY IV
Room: B.Baruch
Chair: Man-Tak Leung
Personal Epistemologies in Different Academic Domains
Judy Tanael, University of Asia and the Pacific, Philippines; Grace Koo, University of the Philippines
Diliman, Philippines
A Path Analytic Model of Chinese-style Achievement Motivation, 3x2 Achievement Goals and SelfRegulated Learning of Hong Kong Undergraduates
Ng Siu Man Dilys, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong; Man-Tak Leung , Hong Kong Shue
Yan University, Hong Kong
Indigenous Sources of Academic Stress in Intermediate Science Students
Iram Fatima, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
Mediation Effect of Ability Belief between Students’ Perception of Teachers’ Expectations and Math
Achievement of Eighth Graders in Taiwan
Chen Min-Yu, University of Taipei, Taiwan; Yu Ching-Yun, University of Taipei, Taiwan
LUNCH: 12:50 – 14:00
SESSION III: 14:00 – 15:30
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY IV
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Anuja Deshpande
Documenting Security Strategies That Work in the Southern Philippines
Gail Ilagan, Ateneo De Davao University, Philippines
Needs Assessment for Counseling Drugs
Laila Wardani, Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia; Fahrul Rozi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr
Hamka, Indonesia
Team Cohesiveness, Individual Mental Health and the Role of Efficacy: Testing Direct, Moderation and
Mediation Effects
Andrew Barney, Massey University, New Zealand; Jarrod Haar, Massey University, New Zealand
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT II
Room: B. Baruch
Chair: Smita Singh
A Structural Equation Model of Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem, Perceived Partner Behaviours and
Romantic Relationship Satisfaction
Wing Yip Chui, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong; Man-Tak Leung, Hong Kong Shue Yan
University, Hong Kong
Forgiveness Model in Collective Culture: A Qualitative Study in Javanese Society
Ni Made Taganing Kurniati, Gunadarma University, Indonesia; Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari, University
of Indonesia, Indonesia; Adriana Soekandar Ginanjar, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Cognitive and Social Predictors of Prosocial Behaviour of Chinese Adolescents
Frank HY LAI, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Andrew MH SIU, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Daniel DT SHEK, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong
Kong
COFFEE BREAK: 15:30 – 16:00
SESSION IV: 16:00 – 18:00
COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Veena Gupta
The Systemic Perspective Approach (TSPA) - A Multicultural Model for workplace counseling.
Christopher Fong, University of Southern Queensland, Singapore
The Sojourner’s Experience: Towards an Expatriate Developmental Psychology
L. Rand Mayer, Quadrant Consulting Ltd, China
Enhancing Moral Leadership through Local Wisdom and Prophetic Coaching among Government
Officer
Sus Budiharto, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia; Retno Kumolohadi, Universitas Islam Indonesia,
Indonesia
APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Veena Gupta
Creativity and Self-Esteem among Dancers and Non-Dancers: A Comparative Study
Pooja Jaggi, Mata Sundri College, University of Delhi, India; Veena Gupta, Indraprastha College for
Women, University of Delhi, India; Ritu Shree, Children First, India
Ethical Decision –Making in Organizations: Understanding the Role of Codes of Ethics,
Recommendations of Seniors and Social Consensus
Shobha Menon, Cosmopolitan's Valia College, India
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT III
Room: B. Baruch
Chair: Maya Mainkar
Gender Difference and Evaluation of Leader Orientation on the Dimensions of Social Judgement
Smita Singh, James Cook University, Singapore; Curtis Cretton, James Cook University, Singapore
The Effect of Negative Feedback during Forensic Interviews: Implications for Therapeutic
Jurisprudence
Kathy Charles, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom; James Baxter, University of Strathclyde,
United Kingdom
Testing Micro Expression Recognition Using Video Footage
Kamalakannan Vijayakumar, SIM- University at Buffalo, Singapore
Contribution of Social Support, Self Esteem and Perceived Stress on Psychological Well-Being in First
Year University Students
Ayu Riana Sari, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia; Winna Andini Handayani, Universitas
Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
ABSTRACT BOOK
WEDNESDAY, MAY 7 (DAY 1)
REGISTRATION: 08:30 – 17:00
OPENING: 08:30 – 09:00
Introduction to ACAP 2014
KEYNOTE SESSION: 09:00 – 10:00
Room: L.ZICKLIN
The Potential and Pitfalls of Employee Engagement Surveys
Emeritus Professor Allen Kraut
Professor Emeritus of Management at Baruch College, City University of New York
The Key to Applying Psychological Research in Asia
Assistant Professor Olwen Bedford
Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University; Ph.D.,Sociocultural Psychology,
University of Colorado, Boulder
BEST RESEARCH PAPER AWARD
BEST STUDENT PAPER AWARD
SPONSORED BY WILEY: 10:00 – 10:05
COFFEE BREAK: 10:05 – 10:20
SESSION I: 10:20 – 12:50
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY I
Room: L.ZICKLIN
Chair: Shobha Menon
Fragmented Selves: Recall of Self-Referenced Adjectives and the Self-Schema in Schizophrenia
Fahad Rahman
Forman Christian College University, Pakistan
Abstract
The self-schema has been implicated in the social and cognitive disabilities found in people diagnosed
with schizophrenia. It is hypothesized that the self-schema is relatively disorganized and unstable in
schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals. Few studies have examined this hypothesis in
the literature, as the self-schema in schizophrenia is not yet fully understood. Testing this hypothesis,
mean recall for 20 adjectives was compared between 20 adult male participants with schizophrenia and
20 adult male nonclinical participants under two levels of processing: semantic and self-referential.
Results showed that self-referencing facilitated memory (i.e., the self-reference effect). There was a
significant difference in the mean recall of the nonclinical participants under the two encoding
conditions, but this difference was not significant for schizophrenia patients. That is, schizophrenia
patients showed a global impairment in word recall compared to the nonclinical participants, and the
self-reference effect was not shown. Accordingly, treatment should aim to ameliorate these deficits in
self-concept and social cognition in addition to the standard rehabilitation repertoire.
Goal-Oriented Hopeful Thinking Enhances Adjustments in Cancer Treatment
Samuel Ho
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Abstract
This presentation will discuss the benefits of hopefulness in enhancing patients’ adjustments during and
after cancer treatment. Hope is defined as the interaction of goal, agency and pathway thinking 1.
Goals are desired mental targets and they vary among individuals 2. Higher hope individuals tend to set
more goals and have a higher ability to set new goals when circumstances change, like the diagnosis of
cancer 3. The other two essential components of hope are pathway thinking (i.e., the perceived
capability of generating plausible routes and strategies to achieve the goals) and agency thinking (i.e.
the perceived ability of using and sustaining the strategies along the path of goal pursuit) 2. A series of
independent studies I conducted with my research collaborators will be presented to illustrate how
hopeful thinking can enhance adjustments among cancer patients. In two recent studies among oral
cavity (OC) cancer patients 4 5, we have found that higher hope OC patients are less prone to
depression and anxiety after their cancer treatment. For example, in one study 4, 50 patients
successfully treated for OC were asked to fill out self- reported questionnaires to assess their hope,
optimism, depression and anxiety. Results showed that hope negatively correlated with depression (r =
-.55, p < .001) and anxiety (r = -.38, p < .05). Hope alone also significantly predicted depression (β =
.40). Hopefulness is not only beneficial to cancer patients undergoing treatment, it is also exerting a
prophylactic effect for people susceptible to cancer. In a longitudinal study among people receiving
HCRC genetic testing from the Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry in Hong Kong, 71
individuals (43 men and 28 women; mean age 38.9 ± 9.2 years; 39 mutated gene carriers) completed
psychological questionnaires immediately before (pre-disclosure baseline) and 2 weeks, 4 months and
1 year after the result disclosure 6. Our results showed that baseline hope was a significant predictor of
a resilience outcome trajectory for depression (B = -0.24, p < 0.01 for depression); and anxiety (B = 0.11, p = 0.05 for anxiety). Hopefulness is beneficial not only to adult cancer patients. A recent study
examining hope, rumination and post childhood cancer adjustment further supported the importance of
hope intervention for children under medical risks (Yuen et al., 2013) with results suggesting that hope
is a protective buffer against depression and anxiety, as well as a facilitator of self-perceived positive
outcomes. Hope was found to be negatively correlated with depression (r = -0.53, p < 0.01) and anxiety
(r = -0.35, p < 0.01) among 89 childhood cancer survivors, i.e. better adjustment was indicated in high
hope children who had just completed cancer treatment and were in remission. Finally, I will introduce a
hope-based intervention tool we have developed that enhances hope and resilience among cancer
patients 7.
The Impact of Work-Family Conflict and Work Factors on Healthy Behaviours: Examining the
Moderating Effects of Culture and Gender
Madihah Shukri
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of work-family conflict, work factors (i.e. job
demands, job resources, job hours) on healthy behaviours. Additionally, the aim was to test if these
effects vary by culture or gender. The present study extended the existing literature by exploring stresshealth behaviour relationships across samples representing individualistic/collectivistic (i.e. UK and
Malaysian) cultures and gender. Samples of employees in both the UK (N= 278) and Malaysia (N=325)
completed cross-sectional questionnaires based on demographic variables, work-family conflict, work
related variables and healthy behaviours (i.e. low fat consumption, fruit and vegetables consumptions
and physical activity). Results showed that the Malaysian sample consumed significantly less fruit and
vegetables and engaged less in physical activity than the UK sample. Gender was significant predictor
of low fat consumption and physical activity, such that males engaged significantly more in physical
activity but consumed less low fat diet than the females. In line with predictions, there was evidence to
suggest that the amount of physical activity reduced with increased work interference with family (WIF)
and longer working hours. WIF was also related to reduced fruit and vegetables consumption. Job
demands had a significant effect on low fat consumption in that higher levels of demand were
associated with a lower likelihood of low fat consumption. The study also revealed the moderating roles
of culture and gender in stress-healthy behaviours relations. Practically, healthy promotion programmes
would benefit from identifying strategies to reduce stress factors as well as acknowledging the cultural
and gender specific determinants of healthy behaviours.
Investigating to What Extent Practical Demonstration can Persuade People about the
Effectiveness of Exercise as a Stress Release Mechanism
Tanjila Drishti
Asian University for Women (AUW), Bangladesh
Abstract
Stress is a feeling that is the result of excessive cortisol and adrenaline in our blood. Some symptoms
of stress may be excess sweating, increased heart beat rate, shaking of hands and voice, headache
and many more.( Kunz-Ebrecht et al 2003). Stress can be caused due to a range of various reasons,
and it varies from person to person. Some common examples of stress stimulus are exams or public
speaking. It has been seen through various studies that exercise can help in the reduction of stress.
Exercise aids in the releasing of hormones like dopamine and serotonin. Serotonin is also known as the
‘happy hormone’ because direct relationship between high level of this hormone and good mood of the
person has been established via researches. (Hassed 2007-08). The preliminary level of the study in
this paper was carried out on a sample size of ten randomly selected students of Asian University for
Women (AUW). They were emailed and requested to participate in a dance marathon which was a part
of a social psychology experiment. This was a strategy as it was pre decided that the goal was to get
them into doing a quite yoga session, so that the face in the door technique where the start is with a
bigger request and then both parties negotiate into a smaller action can be implemented. (Franzoi
2009). On the day of the experiment, the subjects were given a pre-exercise questionnaire, which
asked them how they were feeling and do they believe that exercise helps in stress release. Everyone
said, they are stressed (given it was the exam week) and that they don’t really think exercise is a stress
releasing tool. The subjects were made to go through an information session where using a central
route of persuasion they were told about researches where exercise is shown to be a credible stress
release mechanism. While the exercise, it was observed that the subjects started laughing. They were
emailed a post exercise question to see if they believe exercise helped and everyone gave a positive
response. This is a ongoing study and aims to do further research on whether practical demonstration
and experiencing with credible information is effective enough to persuade subjects to practice exercise
as a stress releasing tool on their own as opposed to giving them either experience or information only.
Emotional Healing Through Induced Therapeutic Crying: A Mixed Method Approach
Reynold Varela
Adamson University, Philippines
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted on the positive effects of crying on an improved state of
emotionality. Yet experimental data reveals that, respondents after a crying episode reports to have felt
a more distressing emotional conditions. In this article, it utilizes a Mixed Method Approached. On the
Qualitative side of this study, crying was described by the respondents (n=251) that there were two (2)
common emotional themes of the crying persons namely: the enlightened face and the gloomy face. On
the quantitative side, it presents the findings of quasi-experimental study on the immediate effects of
Induced Therapeutic Crying on an improved state of emotionality. The findings of this study reveals (1)
the immediate cathartic effect and the perceived health promoting benefits immediately after a crying
episode, (2) common emotional experiences after a crying episode, (3) Mood Improvement immediately
after a crying episode. This study reveals that crying serves as an intervening variable, which may or
may not bring about an improved state of emotionality. The positive immediate psychological effect is
relative to the kind of verbal-hypnotic suggestions to which respondents were induced to cry. This study
supported the interpersonal view that crying benefits the crier via the empathy, sympathy, pity and/or
comfort (through induced verbal hypnotic suggestion) that this behaviour elicits from others (e.g.,
Borquist, 1906; Cornelius, 1997; Mélinand, 1902). Crying may communicate the need for help and may
stimulate others to offer this help and support, which may indirectly have an effect on the well-being of
the crying individual. (see Hendriks, Nelson, Cornelius, and Ad J.J.M. Vingerhoets,, 2008). In this
particular study, the effect of induced therapeutic crying becomes a source of social support to the
crying person, which has brought an emotional relief and comfort or the cathartic effect of crying.
Hence, it should be made clear that crying is a necessary antecedent to experience improve state of
emotionality, and the reinforcing effect of the kind of verbal hypnotic suggestion to which respondents
were exposed experimentally, which bring out relief, and emotional comfort.
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY I
Room: C.Powell
Chair: Sangeeta Khullar
The Effects of Migrant Characteristics and Intrapersonal Mediators on School Experience of
Migrant Children: A Conceptual Model
Lue Fang
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Abstract
This article presents a conceptual model of school experience for children of migrant families in China.
Guided by previous theoretical approaches (Bronfenbrenner (1989)’s ecological systems theory, Baker
(2003)’s developmental ecological perspective, Berry (1980)’s acculturation theory, and Huebner
(2003)’s cognitive mediation model), this conceptual model (1) argues that a wide range of migrant
characteristics variables (acculturative attitudes, economic stress, and relationship factors) have an
impact on school experience of migrant children; (2) posits that intrapersonal factors including selfesteem and hope serve as underlying factors in explaining the effect of migrant characteristics on
school experience; (3) proposes that demographic variables such as gender, age, ethnic group, and
socioeconomic status may moderate the relationship between migrant characteristics and school
experience. This model also delineates hypotheses for future research and addresses the theoretical
and practical implications.
The Relationship of Learning Styles and Personality Traits of Freshman students of the Tarlac
State University
Maria Sheila Garcia
Tarlac State University, Philippines
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the personality traits and learning styles of the Freshman students of
Tarlac State University. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: (1) How are
the TSU Freshman college students from different colleges described in terms of their learning styles
and personality traits? ; (2) Is there a relationship between learning styles and personality traits of the
freshman college students? ; (3) What intervention program can be integrated in the Guidance Program
to help enhance the learning styles and personality traits of the students? ; and (4) What are the
implications of the study to the field of Guidance and Counseling? The study utilized the correlation
design to determine the relationship between Personality Traits and Learning Styles of the students.
The respondents of this study were 375 freshman students coming from the different colleges of the
Tarlac State University during the academic year 2009-2010. Based on the frequencies, majority of the
respondents have Diverging as the dominant Learning Style. Students who score high in this style learn
better when they are in groups. Meanwhile, the dominant Personality Trait, Neuroticism, describes
students are generally anxious in handling pressure and stressful situations. Using SPSS, it was found
that the among the Personality Traits, only Conscientiousness had a significant negative relationship
with the Learning Styles. This would mean that as the student become more Conscientious, he/she
would have either an Accommodating or an Assimilating style. Neuroticism was found to be negatively
correlated with three personality Traits: Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.
The Study of Attitudes and Study Skills of Higher Secondary Students towards the subject
Chemistry
Anand Panneer Selvam
Seethakkathi Matriculation Hr.Sec School, India
Abstract
The purpose of the present study aims to examine the relationship between Attitudes and Study skills
of Higher Secondary students towards the subject Chemistry. The Study aims to find out the difference
between gender wise, standard wise, Age wise, Group wise and based upon their parents education,
Occupation and family income. The present study is an exploratory research where the independent
Variable is attitudes and the dependent variable is study skills. The samples were collected from
random sampling method. The samples consists of 250 students of which 125 are male another 125
are female which is the total population taken from one of the famous education institution in Chennai,
India. The tools used are attitude scale for Chemistry constructed by the investigator based on Desai’s
Attitude Scale for Mathematics, Study skills questionnaire by M.Kanchana. The test of attitude scale
consists of 25 items. The items Comprised of positive and negative Statements and it is of the form of
‘Agree’ and ‘Disagree’ type. The Study skills questionnaire has 52 statements and are ‘Yes’ or ‘No’
type. Correlation technique and student ‘t’ test were used. The results of the study states that there is a
Significant difference between attitudes and study skills of Higher Secondary Students towards
Chemistry Subject.
Neurodevelopment: A Whole Brain Approach to Stimulate Creativity, Innovation, Sustainability
and Maximize Achievement in Early Childhood Development through Play
Nicolene Du Preez
UNISA, South Africa
Abstract
With crucial focus on ECD it is important to understand that a child develops as a whole. These aspects
consist of social, emotional, physical, cognitive, affective and moral development and it is a continuous
process and very complex (Hellbrügge and von Wimpffen 2002:1; Evans et al 2000:9). All these
domains need equal stimulation to develop a child as a whole, however keeping in mind that not all
learners are alike and that not all learners at the same age learn the same way (Nevills 2011:3). Brain
plasticity is the brains ability to constantly change and adapt (Rushton et al 2009:352; Mundkur
2005:855; Stern et al 2005:801). The brain is most placid during the first two years where rapid
synaptogenesis and myelination takes place (Mundkur 2005:855; Bruer 1998:390). During ECD (0-6
years) the child builds on his previous experiences and rapid development takes place in all the
developmental areas of the young child. Creativity is a problem solving skill and can be enhanced
through whole brain stimulation. Educators bear a major responsibility as advocates for children’s
creative thoughts and expressions (Jalongo 2008:222). The influence of the school / grade R class with
the right mentor and environment are crucial for creative and scientific development (Piirto 1992:208).
Duffy (2006:57) states that if children are given a narrow approach to creativity and imagination the
results will be superficial and invalid. According to Jalongo (2008:220) creative thinking is an asset to
be cultivated. She also mentions a study which was conducted where nearly half of the participating
educators indicated that they do not recognize divergent thinking as an element of creative thinking.
Leaf (2005:93) states that when information is transformed into its electrical form in the brain, literally a
new dendrite per concept is formed and stored. The more concepts the brain receives the more
dendrites are formed out of the nervous system which makes the dendrites stronger, thicker and more
solid. The above briefly indicates the crucial role that schools and educators will have to play in order to
stimulate creativity and enhance optimal development for the learners, as young as those, in the ECD
phase. It is clear, from current legislation, that the ECD phase is becoming increasingly important and
has an immense role to play in preparing learners for formal schooling. The paper will therefore address
the current shortcomings in the ECD sector, with regard to the inadequate teaching / framework of
creativity as well as the inability of the sector to prepare learners sufficiently through play. It will further
give practical suggestions and ideas to educators, and practitioners on how to enhance creativity and
achievement through a whole brain play process.
Teachers' Voting Behavior
Felice Yeban
Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Marivilla Lydia Aggarao
Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Benjamin Domingcil
Philippine Normal University, Philippines
Abstract
An election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses individuals to hold
public offices. As a democratic country, the Philippines has the framework and capacity to conduct this
political exercise. The most provoking questions about an election are not pertaining to who won but
why people voted the way they did or what the implications of the results are. The most extensive study
ever conducted on the Filipino voting behavior was conducted by the Institute for Political Reform in
1995 and updated in 2003. The IPER study though comprehensive did not look into variations in the
voting behavior of different sectors. The teacher sector particularly, is an interesting sector to look at.
The power of teachers and educators to shape students’ political attitude and consciousness makes an
investigation of the teachers’ voting behavior an interesting research topic. Their voting behavior
reveals a lot about their civic and political consciousness which will inevitably have an impact on their
students. How do our teachers vote? Is their vote similar to how the majority vote? The election in May
2013 was used as venue to seek answers to such questions. Hopefully, insights drawn from the study
can be used to improve the civic and political education of teachers. This study aimed to examine the
voting behavior of teachers in the 2013 midterm election. It attempted both to describe and analyze the
various elements that determine and influence the teachers’ decision to vote for certain candidates,
through the use of quantitative and qualitative research techniques. To validate the results of the survey
and to gain deeper understanding of voters’ behavior, the researchers utilized qualitative techniques
such as interview, and several focus group discussions. These were also administered to a selected
group of students in all the PNU campuses. These techniques were used to ensure a “high quality and
richer data” which may not be captured and included in the survey.
LUNCH: 12:50 – 14:00
SESSION II: 14:00 – 15:30
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY I
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Fahad Rahman
Role of Organizational Role Stress in the Work-Life Balance, Physical and Psychological WellBeing of Government and Private Sector Employees
Sangeeta Khullar
MKP (PG) College, Dehra Dun, India
Neeti Bisht
MKP (PG) College, Dehra Dun, India
Abstract
198 each of Government and private sector employees (age range 25-45 yrs) were administered the
Organizational Role Stress scale, adaptation of Calma's Work-Life Balance Scale(WLB), self
constructed Physical Well-Being and Psychological Well-Being (under work conditions)Scales. The
respondents were from well known Private Companies and Public Sector Units. Three levels of
Organizational Role Stress (ORS) were taken into consideration- low, medium and high. A 2x2x3
ANOVA (sector, sex and ORS) for Work-Life Balance show a significant main effect for sector (df=1,F7.096,p=0.0008). The 2x2x3 Anova for physical well-being yeilded significant main effect for sector
(df=1, F=5.224, p=0.023) as well as ORS levels (df=2,F=13.809,P=0.000). A similar result was found
for Psychological well-being (sector df=1, F=7.695,p=0.006; ORS levels df=2,F=8.079,p=0.000). Taking
the three levels of ORS separately, the one way ANOVA for Work-life balance of Govt and private
sector employees with low ORS was significant (df=1,F=0.798,p=0.375) while those for Physical and
psychological well-being were not. The one way ANOVA for Low ORS Male and Female employees
was not significant. The ANOVA for govt and private sector employees with medium ORS showed
significant differences in work-life balance (df=1,F=10.128,p=0.002), physical well-being
(df=1,F=25.067,p=0.000) and psychological well-being (df=1,F=12.489,p=0.000), whereas there is no
difference if the two sexes are taken into consideration. Employees of the two sectors experiencing
high ORS do not differ in the three variables, and there is a similar result if the two sexes experiencing
high ORS are taken into consideration. Conclusion: Employees of the two sectors differ significantly in
work-life balance as well as physical and psychological well-being. The two sexes do not differ on any
of the variables. The Govt and private sector employees experiencing medium ORS differ significantly
on work-life balance, physical and psychological well-being.
Application of Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) Model on Organizational Justice and
Wellbeing Study among Malaysian Workers
R Zirwatul Aida R Ibrahim
University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Azlina Abu Bakar
University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Mazidah Mohd Dagang
University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Abstract
Incorporating organizational justice as a predictor is a significant consideration as previous research
(Kivimaki,Elovainio, Vahtera & Ferrie, 2003) has proved that justice is a new independent aspect of
psychosocial work environment that need to be given priority in health and wellbeing promotion. The
current study tested the JDC (Karasek, 1985) and JDCS (Johnson & Hall, 1988) models in the context
of organizational justice, and these models have rarely been investigated in this context in Eastern
societies, particularly in Malaysia. A total of 1125 respondents participated in this study involving
employees from manufacturing companies. Hierarchical multiple regression result indicated that
organizational justice, job control and social support explained 37.3% of variance in explaining
wellbeing (job satisfaction). The moderating effects of social support were not supported by the
Malaysian data. However, there were statistically significant two-way interaction between interactional
justice and job control (β = -.068, SE = .017, p < .05) in predicting job satisfaction. Interestingly, the
pattern of interaction showed that employees who perceived the interactive effect of high interactional
justice and high job control reported lower levels of job satisfaction. There was also a significant twoway interaction between distributive justice and job control (β = .091, SE = .019, p < .01) in predicting
employee positive affect in the expected way. The managerial implications of the study findings,
limitations and directions for future research concludes the article.
Effects of Meditation Awareness Training on Work Related Wellbeing and Performance: A
Randomized Controlled Trial
Edo Shonin
Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
William Van Gordon
Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
Mark Griffiths
Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
Abstract
Due to its potential to concurrently improve work-related wellbeing (WRW) and job performance,
occupational stakeholders are becoming increasingly interested in meditation. Despite this, there is a
scarcity of methodologically robust research examining the utility of meditation within occupational
contexts. This study conducted the first randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of meditation
on outcomes relating to both WRW and job performance. Office-based middle-hierarchy managers
(n=152) were allocated to either an eight-week meditation intervention (Meditation Awareness Training;
MAT) or an active control intervention. MAT participants demonstrated significant improvements (with
strong effect-sizes) over control-group participants in levels of work-related stress, job satisfaction,
psychological distress, and employer-rated job performance. It is concluded that MAT appears to be
effective for improving both WRW and job performance in middle-hierarchy managers. There are a
number of novel implications: (i) meditation can effectuate a perceptual shift in how employees
experience their work and psychological environment and may thus constitute a cost-effective WRW
intervention, (ii) meditation-based (i.e., present-moment-focussed) working styles may be more
effective than goal-based (i.e., future-orientated) working styles, and (iii) meditation may reduce the
separation made by employees between their own interests and those of the organizations they work
for.
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY II
Room: C. Powell
Chair: Samuel Ho
The Balance of Highs and Lows: The Effects of Temperament on EF and School Readiness
Tony Lim
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Leong Hwee Ng
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Xinyi Lim
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Kai Xin Chia
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Ke Xin Yeo
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Li Qu
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Abstract
Temperament plays a significant role in children’s development. It comprises of three components of
Surgency, Negative Affect and Effortful Control. Surgency refers to positive emotionality and approach
(Rothbart, 2004), Negative Affect refers to being frustrated, sad and being not easily calmed (Rothbart
& Hwang, 2005) while Effortful Control refers to the ability to focus one’s attention and to restrain from
more dominant responses to execute less dominant responses (Kail & Barnfield, 2011). Past studies
have shown that temperament and executive function are highly associated and are overlapping
constructs (Bridgett, Laake, Murdock & Bachmann, 2013). Temperament has also shown to have
effects on scholastic outcomes like Math performance and verbal intelligence (Blair & Razza, 2007;
Bull, Espy & Wiebe, 2008). A controversial issue on temperament is the role of Surgency and Negative
affect in the early development of executive function and scholastic outcomes in preschoolers. Past
studies have extoled the role of positive affect in children development (Masten & Reed, 2002).
However, more recent students have called for an optimal blend of emotions and affect (Hershfield et
al., 2013). In the current study, we are interested to find out how children’s temperament affects the
development of cognitive and scholastic abilities in preschoolers with a particular focus of the role of
affect. 158 preschoolers aged 4- to 6-year-old (M age = 57.30, SD = 6.02) were recruited from daycares
across Singapore in the initial study. Of the 158 preschoolers, 80 preschoolers (M age = 63.51, SD =
6.20) returned to complete the follow-up study held six months later. Parents of participants filled in the
Child Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ-VS, Putnam & Rothbart, 2006), which assessed three dimensions
of temperament, namely: Surgency, Negative Affect and Effortful Control. Math performance was
assessed through the Applied Problems and Quantitative Concepts task (Woodcock & Johnson, 1990).
Reading was assessed by the Letter Word Identification and Word Attack tasks. Listening
Comprehension tasks was measured through the Oral Comprehension and Understanding Directions
tasks (Woodcock & Johnson, 1990). Executive function components of Flexibility was measured by the
Flexible Item Selection Task (Jacques & Zelazo, 2001) and Dimensional Change Card Sorting task
(Frye, Zelazo & Palfai, 1995), Working Memory was measured by the Auditory Working Memory
(Mather & Woodcock, 2001) and Self-Ordered Pointing Task (Hongwanishkul et al., 2005), Inhibition
was measured by the Delay of Gratification task (Prencipe & Zelazo, 2005) and Go-no-go task
(Garavan et al., 1999), and Problem-solving was measured by the Planning task (Mather & Woodcock,
2001). Preliminary analysis has shown that Surgency was found to be negatively associated with Math
scores, flexibility and inhibition in the initial test but not in the six-month follow-up study. Negative Affect
was found to be negatively associated with Reading and Listening Comprehension skills in the pre-test
and was negatively associated with Reading and Math scores in the follow-up study. Effortful Control
was not found to be associated with executive function or school readiness outcomes in the initial and
follow-up study. In conclusion, the study shows that temperament has effects on children’s cognitive
and scholastic development. In particular, Surgency showed inconsistent negative effects on Math,
flexibility and inhibition in only the initial study whereas Negative Affect showed more consistent
negative effects on scholastic outcomes. The study firstly provides practical implications by informing
parents and educators on the areas, which should be further facilitated in children with overly positive
or negative affect. Secondly, the consistent negative effects of negative affect on scholastic
performance calls for additional therapeutic interventions like counselling and psychotherapy to aid
children with negative affect. Lastly, this study adds on to the literature on the debate of the role of
positive and negative affect in children and postulates that positive affect may not be necessarily
beneficial but an optimal blend of highs and lows in children should instead be advocated.
The Structural Model between Perceived Learning Environment, Achievement Goals, Social
Goals and Academic Performance of Hong Kong University Students
Lok Yan Chan
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Man-Tak Leung
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of perceived learning environment on study
process of undergraduates through the mediating effects of achievement goals and social achievement
goals in their academic performance. The sampling design for current study is convenience sampling.
One hundred and two participants of Hong Kong university students were invited to complete a set of
questionnaire, which includes The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD), The Survey of
Classroom Learning Structures, The Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ-R), and The Social
Achievement Goal Questionnaire. It found that student who perceived a better classroom learning
environment would have a significant effect on their academic performance with the mediating effect of
different achievement goals. When comparing with the effectiveness in acting mediating roles between
perceived classroom learning environment and academic performance, achievement goals was better
than social achievement goals.
Is It Difficult to Decide? : Preliminary Study for Career Maturity in Fourth Grade College
Students at University of Jenderal Achmad Yani
Vera Angliani Juwita
University of Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
Abstract
It’s a complicated to make a career decision after undergraduate education, particularly for individuals
who come from families with collectivism culture. Preliminary study regarding the career maturity of 161
college students (73 men, 88 women, average age 21 years) from fourth grade at the University of
Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, showed that 62% of respondents had a low level career maturity. Data
measurements (reliability alpha = .932), which refers to the theory of career maturity Crites (1978),
shows the main obstacles that arise are related to the ability of selection and planning, as well as the
lack of a supportive attitude of readiness in taking a career decision, in the form of confidence and
independence in making decisions. Parents are still seen as the main figure that determines the
decision-making of career choices.
COFFEE BREAK: 15:30 – 16:00
SESSION III: 16:00 – 18:00
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY II
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Olwen Bedford
Psychological Capital, Subjective Wellbeing, Organisational Virtuousness and Organisational
Citizenship Behaviour amongst Teachers
Yajna Singh
Univeristy of Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa
Joey Buitendach
Univeristy of Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the aspects of Psychological Capital (PsyCap), Subjective
Wellbeing and Organisational Virtuousness in the attempt to explain how it may influence
Organisational Citizenship Behaviour amongst teachers within the Durban region of Kwa-Zulu Natal.
The general objective of this research study was to explore the relationship between PsyCap,
Subjective Wellbeing, Organisational Virtuousness and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. The
study used a quantitative research design and was conducted using the Positive Psychology
framework. This study made use of the Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions as well as the
Self-Determination Theory as its theoretical framework. The study took the form of a cross sectional
survey design with a convenience sample (n=110) that were taken of educators across four educational
institutions in the Durban region. The data was collected with the use of six questionnaires. The
Biographical Questionnaire; Psychological Capital Questionnaire; Satisfaction with Life Scale;
Orientation to Happiness Scale; Perceptions of Organisational Virtuousness Questionnaire and the
Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Questionnaire were administered to the participants. Data
analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics which was conducted on the statistical program
SPSS 21. The results confirmed that there were statistically and practically significant relationships
between PsyCap, Subjective Wellbeing, Organisational Virtuousness and Organisational Citizenship
Behaviour. Secondly, the results of the study indicated that subjective wellbeing, PsyCap and resilience
predict organisational citizenship behaviour. Lastly, the results of the study indicated that male and
female teachers do not differ in their experiences of PsyCap, subjective wellbeing, organisational
virtuousness and organisational citizenship behaviour. The present study is limited in the following
ways: Firstly, this study used a cross-sectional research design as opposed to a longitudinal research
design. Therefore, the results of this study cannot determine causality between the variables. Lastly,
the data came from self-reported questionnaires. This can affect the reliability and validity of the data
because the participants may have answered the questions to reflect more socially acceptable
responses. Although this study has limitations, it acts as a starting point for research on the positive
psychology perspective on the constructs of PsyCap, subjective wellbeing, organisational virtuousness
and organisational citizenship behaviour. As a recommendation, this research study explores the
relationship between PsyCap, subjective wellbeing, organisational virtuousness and organisational
citizenship behaviour, however there has been no research conducted on these constructs together.
Thus there is a need for research to be conducted to link these constructs. More research needs to be
conducted on organisational virtuousness since it is a relatively new construct within the positive
psychology paradigm.
Psychological Contract in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprise
Risky Harisa Haslan
University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
John Richards
University of Nottingham UK Campus, United Kingdom
Hazel Melanie Ramos
University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
Abstract
There is a need to understand psychological contract contextually due to its complex nature where
generalisation very often is not seen as applicable. Psychological contract involves an unwritten
agreement between two parties and influences one’s motivation, and possibly productivity level when
put in an organisational context. The way psychological contract is formed depends on individual’s
beliefs, fundamental assumptions, behaviour norms, environment, or culture. This paper aimed to look
into the perception of psychological contract in a state-owned enterprise in Indonesia – a type of
company that operates in sectors where there is a natural monopoly to provide products and services
for the community. Semi structured interviews were conducted among eleven employees of a stateowned enterprise. Results revealed that the employees perceived psychological contract to be
essential aspect of their work in the organisation, particularly in the area of human resource system,
roles, motivation, commitment level, and organisational culture. Theoretical and practical implications
are outlined along with recommendations for future research.
The Moderating Effects of Organizational Culture on the Impact of Servant Leadership and
Affective Commitment to Change on Job Performance of Community Policing Officers
Rinny Wowor
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Abstract
In Community Policing (CP) context, a servant leadership could be an appropriate leadership style for
police leader that could affect the police members to do their job as CP officers. This important role of
the leader also shows that the hierarchical values of the police organizational culture still has an impact
on the police members’ performance. I investigate the effect of the police organization cultures as a
variable that moderate the impact of servant leadership on CP officer job performance which is also
mediated by CP officers’ affective commitment to change. Data will be collected from more than 300 CP
officers. Structural Equating Modeling (SEM) analysis will be used to testing hypotheses and
relationship between all research variables.
Effects of Sustained Task Performance on Learning, Cognitive Fluency and Decision-Making:
Fatigue or Practice?
Simon A Jackson
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia
Sabina Kleitman
School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia
Eugene Aidman
Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia
Abstract
The impact of sustained task performance on operator capacity is two-fold: it may result in fatigue (e.g.,
decline in vigilance, learning and decision-making performance) but it may also result in practice effects
leading to improved performance. The present research aimed at examining the effects of sustained
cognitive workload on cognitive capacity, fluency (executive functioning and metacognition) and
decision-making. A 3-hour continuous tasking protocol included a monotonous simulated drive
conducted in a motion platform driving simulator. A sample of 70 participants (7 female, aged 19 - 60
years, Mean = 37.71 ), were tested in groups of four on simple reaction time, Stroop colour naming test,
a decision making test and a modified Ravens Progressive Matrices before and after two simulated
driving periods lasting 20 minutes each. Participants were passengers on both drives, instructed to
attend to the road. High workload was achieved by introducing a second (letter swapping) task in one of
the drives (in counter-balanced order). The results showed that higher workload task resulted in
improved accuracy of participants’ performance (indicating a stronger practice effect) and optimal
decision tendencies. Order effects showed participants who completed the high workload drive first
demonstrated further improvement in cognitive fluency indicated by greater metacognitive confidence,
post-task evaluations of performance, and faster reaction times. A total reduction in decision errors,
however, emerged only when high workload task was performed under the motion condition in the
simulation. Results suggest that monotony may be detrimental to cognitive capacity; whereas
performing an engaging cognitive task prior to a boring one may act as a buffer for both cognitive
abilities and fluency; and that additional stimulation, such as motion, may further protect decision
performance from cognitive load-induced degradation.
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT I
Room: C. Powell
Chair: Koonghean Foo
Filial Parenting Style
Koonghean Foo
James Cook University, Singapore
Abstract
This study investigated the concept of filial parenting proposed by Dr Foo (2014) as a fifth parenting
style practised among Chinese Singaporeans, and possibly Asians as well. Ninety-three parents (Mean
age = 37.9 years) from preschools, childcare and family service centres participated in the study. Each
participant completed a 40-item Filial Parenting Questionnaire (FPQ) consisting 5 scales (Values, Aims,
Beliefs, Filial Parenting leads to Filial Piety, and Effects of Filial Parenting) and 27 subscales, including
basic demographics. Descriptive statistics, based on frequencies and chi-square results with 32 of 40
questions (items) statistically significant (α < .05), indicating validity for the FPQ; reliability was good (α
= .813). Thus, the filial parenting style does exist among Singaporeans. Further research could
investigate the extent of filial parenting among Asian parents.
Lifestyle, Career Adaptability & Narrative: An Adlerian Approach to Retirement Transition
Tien-Lun Sun
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Hiu-Chung Chan
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Abstract
Is retirement a bliss or curse and what make people believe so? The relations among individuals’
lifestyle, career adaptability and retirement transition were explored in a cross-sectional and mixed
design study of 90 Chinese individuals (40 recently retired; 50 still employed) aged between 50-70
years old in Hong Kong. Results revealed an interaction effect of career state and gender in well-being
which recently retired males reported lower level of well-being than the employed males whereas
recently retired females showed an opposite trend. Confidence was found to be the most crucial factor
associated with one’s well-being. Moreover, narrative analysis indicated close relationships among the
interviewees’ life style, career adaptability and their adjustment to the retirement transition. Results
suggested the importance of promoting multi-identities and self-esteem, as well as the counseling
approach of linking the clients’ past and present together to design a well-adjusted future in retirement.
Exploring Pessimism Bias and Spotlight Effect in Counterfeit Consumption
Lingjing Zhan
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Piyush Sharma
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Ricky Chan
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Abstract
We investigate the process by which consumers estimate the probability of being detected by others as
using a counterfeit product and its impact on their purchase and usage intentions for counterfeit
products. We show that consumers are prone to a pessimism bias such that they estimate higher
probability of being detected to use a counterfeit product if they perceive the outcome of such detection
to be more severe and vice versa. We also found evidence for a spotlight effect driving this bias
wherein consumers who judge the outcome as more severe tend to perceive that observers pay more
attention to the counterfeit product being used. We demonstrate the egocentric nature of this
pessimism bias by showing that it is mitigated when the target user is another person instead of
oneself. Finally, the probability of being detected has a negative influence on consumers’ purchase and
usage intentions for counterfeit products. We discuss the conceptual contribution and managerial
implications of these important findings.
Religiosity and Ideology as Mediators of Adjustment for Children Exposed to War Atrocities in
South of Lebanon and Gaza Strip
Vivian Khamis
American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Abstract
This study investigated the extent to which differences in the types of war trauma, economic pressure,
religiosity and ideology accounted for variation in PTSD and psychiatric disorders among adolescents
from Gaza Strip and South Lebanon. Participants were 600 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. They
were selected from the public school system in the highly war exposed areas. Questionnaires were
administered in an interview format with adolescents at school by two trained psychologists. Results
indicated that the various types of trauma had differential effects on the psychological status of
adolescents in both countries. Economic pressure was more predictive of PTSD and psychological
distress in adolescents from Gaza. Differences in religiosity and ideology did not account for similar
variation in stress response among adolescents from Gaza and South Lebanon. While higher levels of
religiosity evidenced the greatest levels of depression and anxiety in adolescents from Gaza, religiosity
had an attenuated effect on adolescents from South Lebanon. Ideology was negatively associated with
depression and anxiety in Gaza strip adolescents, whereas it did not play a role for adolescents from
South Lebanon. The clinical and research implications of these conclusions are discussed.
THURSDAY, MAY 8 (DAY 2)
REGISTRATION: 08:30 – 17:00
SESSION I: 09:00 – 10:30
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY II
Room: L.ZICKLIN
Chair: Reynold Varela
The Incremental Validity of Emotional Intelligence in Explaining Psychological Well-Being
Wan Nurul Izza Wan Husin
University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia
Angeli Santos
University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia
Hazel Melanie Ramos
University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), Malaysia
Abstract
Although research on emotional intelligence has gained an immense popularity across a variety of
disciplines in recent years, several researchers question the credence of the psychometric properties of
emotional intelligence tests on many grounds including lack of incremental validity. The present study
examines the incremental validity of an emotional intelligence scale in predicting psychological wellbeing while controlling the general intelligence and personality factors. The result of multiple regression
analysis revealed that emotional intelligence explains a significant amount of variance in psychological
well-being over and above the variance explained by scores on personality test. The implications of this
result for future research and practice on the ability-based emotional intelligence construct are
discussed.
Alzheimer's Disease : A Case Study
Rewati Hatkanagalekar
Navjeevan, India
Abstract
Alzheimer is an old age brain disease that is known to afflict 1 in 6 old people. In this disease, in a
progressive pattern, the cells of different regions of the brain become non-functional. Correspondingly,
the patient increasingly loses various brain functions starting with short term memory and displays
cognitive, behavioural and lastly body function impairment. This paper presents a case study of two
Alzheimer patients who were comparable in terms of the disease and also the social, economic,
educational background. However; there was a marked difference in the non-medical management and
handling of the patient by the caregivers (Family people.) By comparing the rapidity of the progress and
/ or containment of the disease, this paper proposes that, the attitude and the resulting interaction with
the patient by the caregivers around the patient is an important factor that decides the speed of the
determination of the brain. This paper can be of significance to the professional staff in Alzheimer care
centres. However; it may be greater value to the family members of the patients in developing countries
where the availability and affordability such care centres in an issue.
Family Relationships and Communication Before and After Suicide: A Mixed Method Approach
Chye Hong Liew
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Michael Kral
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, United States
Abstract
This study examined how family relationships and communication changed after a suicide. Eleven
suicide survivors were interviewed and subsequently completed the Family Assessment Device (FAD).
Before suicide, suicide survivors often faced long standing tensions in their families, and showed low
levels of family support and emotional expression. After suicide, survivor families became more open in
communication and expressed appreciation towards family members more frequently. Although suicide
survivors reported closer family relationships after suicide, the quality of their family relationships was
worse than the medical and nonclinical samples. Thus, difficult family relationships may be a suicide
risk and open communication may be a protective factor.
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY III
Room: B.Baruch
Chair: Pooja Jaggi
Education and the Philosophy of Karma
Maya Mainkar
Baburaoji Gholap College, University of Pune, India
Abstract
Education is the most important aspect of applied psychology. It needs our attention if the world is to be
free from poverty, disease and hatred. The Indian concept of karma is perhaps the finest thing that has
been said to inspire human beings to escape the terrors of poverty, disease, hatred and deprivation.
Why do we have so much poverty, disease and hatred if the best brains of the world are giving direction
to education? And why do human beings remain grossly inefficient despite the concept of karma? The
answer to this lies in the wrong interpretation of both these words. The word education is drawn from
the Latin word educe, which means to draw out. Thus education should draw out ideas and information
from students. Teachers have been pumping information into students for centuries. Karma is also
wrongly believed to be linked to past lives. That is why saints talk relentlessly about karmic residue,
which is the leftover after our good and bad deeds, done over previous lives, cancel out each other.
This blind acceptance of something which can never be proved is the reason why the concept of karma
has been relegated to religious scriptures. Karma, as per an exceptional interpretation, is thought plus
action. It can thus be defined as creative functionality. Life takes a totally new and inspiring meaning
once this is understood. Life becomes supreme when this interpretation of karma is introduced in
education. This elevates knowledge into wisdom and creates formation of students out of information.
Every exceptional idea then manifests in the behaviour and psychology of the students. This paper will
link the new concept of Karma and education and snow how a revolution can be brought into education
and the 1.7 billion students of the world.
Relationship between Sense of School Belonging, Social and Academic Achievement Goals,
and Learning Strategies of Hong Kong Undergraduates
Sin-Man Fong
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Man-Tak Leung
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate how and why senses of school belonging, social and
academic achievement goals are related to academic achievement. Random sampling is used for
undergraduate students surveyed in a Hong Kong university. Two hundred and one sets of
questionnaire are collected. Those participants are from local and mainland China. They scored
themselves on the adapted Chinese version of Psychological Sense of School Membership scale,
social and academic achievement goals scale, and learning strategies scale from Motivated Strategies
for Learning Questionnaire. Also, they are asked to provide some demographic information. The results
show significant positive relationship between sense of school belonging, social and academic
achievement goals and learning strategies. It also found that social and academic achievement goals
had mediator effects between sense of school belonging and learning strategies.
Correlation between Self Regulation and Procrastination in Thesis Writing among Students in
Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada
Yustisia Anugrah Septiani
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Amrzal Rustam
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Abstract
Procrastionation is a common problem experienced by many students who are writing their thesis. This
problem unfortunately also experienced by many students in Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah
Mada. Faculty regulation stated that thesis writing should not more than one year. If there is student
finish it more than one year, he/she will get punishment. But, the academic directory recorded that there
are still 80 students who finish the thesis writing more than 1 year. Procrastination in thesis writing were
due to both internal and external factors. The external factors are difficulties relating to the thesis
supervisor, availability of literatures, data processing, and many others. Those barriers are influence
stress level, low self esteem, frustration, losing motivation that finally cause them to procrastinate the
thesis writing. While the internal factors relating to self regulation in which there is self control. Inability
of self regulation in dealing with problems relating to thesis writing make students tend to procrastinate
in finishing their thesis, which resulted in longer process of thesis writing. The aim of study was to
examine the relationship between self regulation and Procrastination in Thesis writing among students
of Faculty of Psychology Universitas Gadjah Mada. Data were collected from 50 students of psychology
who already write the thesis more than 2 semesters. The instrument used for procrastination in thesis
writing is modification scale of Schouwenburg and Milgram and adaptation scale of Moilanen and
Brown&Miller for Self Regulation. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used to analyze the
data. Result showed that procrastination in thesis writing has very significant negative correlation with
self regulation (p <0,01). It means that the higher self regulation, the lower behaviour in procrastination,
whereas the lower of self regulation, the higher behaviour in procrastination.
COFFEE BREAK: 10:30 – 10:50
SESSION II: 10:50 – 12:50
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY III
Room: L.ZICKLIN
Chair: Gail Ilagan
Impact of Mobile Dependency on Aspects of Social Isolation among College Students
Anuja Deshpande
Maniben Nanavati Women's College, India
Vaishnavi Verma
Smt. M.M.P Shah Women's College, India
Gauri Sarda
University of Pune, India
Abstract
The present study examines social isolation among 100 college students, between 18 to 25 years of
age in terms of loneliness, depression and shyness as related to rampant use of cell phones. Previous
studies have highlighted that variables like Anxiety, Depression are strongly associated with people
who use Mobile phones excessively. Scores on Beck Depression Inventory II, UCLA Loneliness
(Version 3), The Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, and Mobile Problem Phone Use Scale were
collected to examine the relationships shared by these variables. The findings show that mobile
dependency could predict loneliness and depression, but not shyness. The researchers also found that
lower reported levels of shyness are a significant predictor for depression.
Coping with Intimate Partner Violence: Do all follow the Same Pattern?
Gunendra Dissanayake
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, widespread social problem with mental
health consequences for victimized women of all cultural and ethnic groups. While there have been
efforts by researchers to explore how victims cope in general with intimate partner violence, little
research has attempted to investigate patterns in women’s use of strategies or the factors that influence
choice of strategies within contexts of constrained personal and environmental resources. Nor have
many research investigated the extent to which choice of strategies might influence the likelihood of
repeat violence. Twenty case studies were conducted through in-depth informal interviews exploring
these issues. The findings reveal a pattern in the coping process, starting with denial, emotional
ventilation, and confrontation in the initial stage, moving in to problem solving, support seeking, and
religious coping in the middle phase trying to sort things out, and then settling down either on
submission and positive reinterpretation and growth, or on acceptance and disengagement.
Confrontation and assertion have contributed to escalate the likelihood of repeat violence, whereas
submission coupled with problem solving have contributed to decrease the severity and frequency of
violence protecting them from further serious harm. Abused women seem to follow the same coping
pattern, irrespective of their diverse personal attributes such as level of education, economic situations
and employment status. However, environmental and personal constraints, type of abuse and extreme
threat have influenced the choice and usefulness of coping strategies. This information may aid
counselors, therapists, and others working with battered women to help these women explore those
mechanisms which may maintain and escalate violence, and encourage them to develop others that
may protect them from further serious harm.
Definitions of Wellness among Diverse Groups of Adults in Malaysia
Dini Farhana Baharudin
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Zuria Mahmud
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Salleh Amat
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the definition of wellness among three different ethnic groups of
adults in Malaysia. Using a qualitative design, interviews from ten Malays, nine Chinese, and six
Indians were analyzed. The definition of wellness that emerged from the responses was multifaceted.
All ethnic groups described dimensions of wellness that include physical, psychological, spiritual, social,
financial, environmental, and cultural domains. There was similarity in the view of the nature of wellness
as multidimensional and encompassing the whole person. All groups described some elements of each
domain as being important aspects of wellness. However, the emphasis did vary between ethnic
groups. For each ethnic group, a particular domain emerged as a primary or secondary foundation for
the meaning of wellness in their lives. This study supports the importance of considering multicultural
factors in a client. Implications of this study in counseling/psychotherapy are also discussed.
An Exploratory Study of the Associations between Parental Comments and Body Shape and
Disordered Eating Concerns in Young Adults
Samuel C. W. Chng
James Cook University, Singapore
Daniel B. Fassnacht
James Cook University, Singapore
Abstract
The present study explored the associations between different categories of parental comments (i.e.
negative, positive and, importance and comparison comments) body shape and disordered eating
concerns in young adults living in Singapore. Participants were 384 young adults (mean age = 21
years, SD = 1.90) who completed self-report measures (Parental Comments Scale and the Clinical and
Research Inventory for Eating Disorders). Significant associations were found between the different
categories of parental comments and the levels of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However,
the findings provided inconsistent support for the gender-linked transmission model explaining parental
influence. This highlights the need for further exploration of the pathways of parental influence.
EDUCATIONAL AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY IV
Room: B.Baruch
Chair: Man-Tak Leung
Personal Epistemologies in Different Academic Domains
Judy Tanael
University of Asia and the Pacific, Philippines
Grace Koo
University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines
Abstract
The study investigated students' personal epistemologies or profiles of beliefs about knowledge in
academic domains by comparing and contrasting academic disciplines. By choosing respondents who
are pursuing two kinds of specialization, Business Administration (BA) and Humanities, the effect of
specialization on the beliefs of students about knowledge in three dimensions of belief was isolated and
hypothesized to be significantly different. Results confirmed that the beliefs of BA students and
knowledge in History in two dimensions (justification by authority and simple and certain knowledge)
differ from those of Humanities students. Implications of teaching practices and recommendation to
explore the relationships among the three dimensions were discussed.
A Path Analytic Model of Chinese-style Achievement Motivation, 3x2 Achievement Goals and
Self-Regulated Learning of Hong Kong Undergraduates
Ng Siu Man Dilys
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Man-Tak Leung
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Abstract
The study is aimed at investigating the structural relationship between Chinese-style achievement
motivation, 3x2 achievement goals and the academic self-regulated learning of university students. It
included 150 participates, to complete 3 questionnaires, consisting of the scale of social-oriented
achievement motivation (SOAM) and individual-oriented achievement motivation (IOAM), the scale of
3x2 achievement goals, and the scale of academic self-regulated learning (SRL). Path analysis has
been used to analyze the data. There are two main findings in this study. First, SOAM predicted
significantly other-avoidance achievement goal, whereas IOAM predicted self-avoidance achievement
goal. Second, 3x2 achievement goals acted as mediating roles on connecting Chinese-style
achievement motivation and self-regulated learning. This result may be the first study to explore the
inter-relationship among these three constructs. Hence, it provides a new theoretical framework for
future learning and motivation research. This can help educators to generate and develop more
desirable pedagogical and learning methods for university students.
Indigenous Sources of Academic Stress in Intermediate Science Students
Iram Fatima
University of the Punjab, Pakistan
Abstract
The study aimed to explore indigenous sources of academic stress and relationship of these sources
with academic stress in intermediate science students. Sources were hypothesized to be positively
related to academic stress in intermediated science students. Sources were also hypothesized as
predictors of academic stress in intermediate science students. Data was collected from 160 students
from public sector colleges of Lahore city with age range of 16 to 19 years (M = 17.41, SD = .94).
Sources of Academic Stress Scale (SASS) was developed and Educational Stress Scale for
Adolescents (Sun, Dunne, Hou, &Xu, 2011) was translated in Urdu for the study. Principal component
analysis was carried out to examine the factor structure of SASS. Results revealed following three
factors in the scale; lack of confidence in oneself, social pressures, and college related issues.
Chronbach alpha for all the scales and factors used in current study was .69 to .79.Correlational
analysis revealed that lack of confidence in oneself, social pressures, and college related issues were
positively related to academic stress. Regression analysis revealed that lack of confidence in oneself
and social pressures strongly predicted academic stress, while college related issues did not predict
academic stress.
Mediation Effect of Ability Belief between Students’ Perception of Teachers’ Expectations and
Math Achievement of Eighth Graders in Taiwan
Chen Min-Yu
University of Taipei, Taiwan
Yu Ching-Yun
University of Taipei, Taiwan
Abstract
The major purpose of the study was to discover the factors that contribute to math achievement. On a
more theoretical level, the study was designed to test the model of expectancy-value theory (EVT),
which was a dominant theory of human motivation. This model, in which the constructs of ability belief
and value were prominent, focuses on the role of cognitive rather than motivational factors in
determining achievement behaviours. In addition, the literature had documented the importance of
parents’ and teachers’ expectations and attitudes in shaping students’ self-concepts, which relationship
had yielded consistent results. Students for whom teachers and parents had high expectations also had
high expectations for themselves and in fact did better in their course work. It seemed only reasonable
that this effect was mediated, in part, by students’ perceptions of their parents’ and teachers’
expectations. However, the causal direction of this relation was unclear. Based on EVT, our study used
structural equation model (SEM) to explore whether there was an indirect effects for ability belief in a
sample of 5,042 Taiwanese students in eighth-grade. Results supported perceived teachers’
expectation emerged as a significant predictor of students’ ability belief and math achievement.
Moreover, the mediation effect was clearly evident. This suggested that students felt higher ability belief
in mathematics when they believed their teacher treat higher expectation, which then leaded them to
have better math achievement. Finally, some suggestions for practical applications and future research
were provided.
LUNCH: 12:50 – 14:00
SESSION III: 14:00 – 15:30
CLINICAL AND COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY IV
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Anuja Deshpande
Documenting Security Strategies That Work in the Southern Philippines
Gail Ilagan
Ateneo De Davao University, Philippines
Abstract
The bitter history of repeated armed violence in the Southern Philippines has brought home the
realization that community security is a shared burden, not a responsibility to be addressed solely by
military actors. This paper documents the security strategies employed by various stakeholders,
independently or in collaboration with the security sector, that have mitigated conflict and de-escalated
armed violence in two conflict-affected villages in North Cotabato from 2002 to 2012. Desk review,
interviews and focus group discussion with state security personnel, local government, village
residents, and civil society groups reveal adjustments in military operations other than war,
rationalization of civilian defense deployment, peace dividends from the GRP-MILF Ceasefire
Agreement, the activation of local monitoring teams, and innovative conflict mitigation procedures
employed by village councils. The paper examines the the social processes employed that strengthen
local peace constituency and promote sustainable peace. These strategies may be replicated or
modified as appropriate by communities that are similarly challenged by complex conflict dynamics.
Needs Assessment for Counseling Drugs
Laila Wardani
Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
Fahrul Rozi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka, Indonesia
Abstract
This research moved from the effort to promote healthy behavior for people who live in neighbourhoods
prone to drug abuse. Healthy behavior this research refers to people avoids drug abuse behavior. One
of the prevention of drug abuse in the community is through drug counseling. Therefore, the
researchers conducted assessment the needs of drug counseling for people who live in the South
Manggarai, Jakarta, Indonesia. this study is designed to find out people's knowledge on drug abuse
and the need to be given understanding on drug usage. The researcher decides to use two kinds of
research methods: quantitative descriptive design and qualitative design in the form of focus group
discussion. The aim using two methods of research is to to complement and deepen the analysis of the
research results. The results of the research using qualitative methods showed that most respondents
had low knowledge about drugs. The lack of knowledge of these people about drugs is on the type of
drug, drug abuse behavior and drug abuse prevention efforts. The results of qualitative research shows
that people is need drug information to improve their knowledge in accordance with the drug challenge
materials, media outreach and implementation. The results with the two methods of approach are used
as the basis for the preparation of drug counseling modules. Extension modules that have been made
can be used as a reference in implementing drug abuse prevention education to the community.
Team Cohesiveness, Individual Mental Health and the Role of Efficacy: Testing Direct,
Moderation and Mediation Effects
Andrew Barney
Massey University, New Zealand
Jarrod Haar
Massey University, New Zealand
Abstract
Team cohesion relates to the tendency for a team to stick together in the pursuit of its objectives. Team
cohesion has been shown to have important consequences for the individual, the team, and the
organisation, including quality of work-life at the individual level. The present study extends the
outcomes to explore anxiety and depression of individual team members, and tests team cohesion (at
the team-level) as a predictor. In addition, self-efficacy and team-efficacy are tested for their influence
with team cohesion including mediation and moderation. Using a sample of 204 employees nested in
50 teams, multi-level analysis was conducted in MlwiN (with all measures being robust). Team
cohesion was found to be significant and negative towards anxiety and depression and both efficacy
measures were negatively related to depression while only self-efficacy was significant and negatively
related to anxiety. In both these models efficacy fully mediated the influence of team cohesion. Finally,
interaction effects were tested and a three-way interaction was found between team cohesion and both
efficacy measures towards anxiety, with the lowest levels of anxiety found when self-efficacy and teamefficacy were high, irrespective of the level of team cohesion. The implications for research and practice
will be discussed.
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT II
Room: B. Baruch
Chair: Smita Singh
A Structural Equation Model of Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem, Perceived Partner Behaviours
and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction
Wing Yip Chui
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Man-Tak Leung
Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong
Abstract
Self-compassion was found to be positively predictive of romantic relationship in the U.S. Nevertheless,
the mechanism of how self-compassion affects and the perceived romantic relationship in Chinese
culture is yet to be established. Structural equation modelling (SEM) allows the authors to establish
relationships among various variables and constructs directly. The current study (N = 345 Chinese
adults), the researchers examined the relationship among self-compassion, self-uncompassion, selfesteem, partner positive behaviour as social context (PPBSC), partner negative behaviour as social
context (PNBSC) and romantic relationship satisfaction. Self-compassion would have significant and
positive contributions to self-esteem, PPBSC and romantic relationship satisfaction. Self-uncompassion
would have significant and negative contributions to self-esteem, and romantic relationship satisfaction
whereas it would have a significant and positive contribution to PNBSC. Self-esteem would have
significant and positive contributions PPBSC and romantic relationship satisfaction while it would have
a significant and negative contribution to PNBSC. PPBSC would have a significant and positive
contribution to relationship satisfaction yet PNBSC would have a significant and negative contribution to
relationship satisfaction. The model provides a room for reforming the conventional couple therapy
which usually and concurrently works with both parties. Based on the current study, Romantic
relationship satisfaction could be enhanced by cultivating one’s self-compassion, self-esteem and
perception of partner behaviours.
Forgiveness Model in Collective Culture: A Qualitative Study in Javanese Society
Ni Made Taganing Kurniati
Gunadarma University, Indonesia
Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari
University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Adriana Soekandar Ginanjar
University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Abstract
Current qualitative study was aimed to generate a forgiveness theoretical model of collective culture. A
grounded theory approach was applied by conducting in-depth interviews on 8 Javanese adolescents.
Data was analyzed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Results showed that
relationship disruption and negative emotions served as phenomenon emerging form the transgression.
Forgiveness statement and decisional forgiveness were given as strategies to restore relationship, and
emotional forgiveness to ease the negative emotions and reach intrapersonal peace. Harmonious
value, cooperation, and apologizing were among the intervening conditions fostering decisional
forgiveness, and the presence of efforts to retrains negative emotion, maintain positive communication,
lessening rumination were the intervening conditions accelerating emotional forgiveness. Implications
for following studies and interventions are presented.
Cognitive and Social Predictors of Prosocial Behavior of Chinese Adolescents
Frank HY LAI
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Andrew MH SIU
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Daniel DT SHEK
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong
Abstract
The study adopted the human ecological perspective and postulated that cognitive-emotional
competencies and social influence contributed to development of prosocial behaviour. Cognitive
factors, in particular empathy and moral reasoning, have long been found to be crucial in shaping the
development of prosocial behaviour in adolescents. The prosocial and helping behaviour of adolescent
could also be shaped (in order of importance) by peer, parent and school influence. This study
hypothesized that both cognitive predictors and social predictors are key determinants of prosocial
behaviour, and would like to compare the relative importance of these predictors among Chinese
adolescents in Hong Kong. A prosocial sample of secondary school students (aged from 12 to 16) who
joined volunteering activities regularly (N = 580) were recruited. All subjects completed a self-report
questionnaire designed to measure prosocial behaviour by using the Adolescent Behaviour
Questionnaire (ABQ). The cognitive predictors of prosocial behaviour were measured by using the
Chinese Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measures (C-PROM) and the Chinese Interpersonal Reactivity
Index (C-IRI). For social influence measures, peer influence was measured by the Peer Interaction
Questionnaire (PIQ), school influence was measured by the Chinese Positive Youth Development
Scale (CPYDS), and parent influence by the Modified Chinese Parental Helping Measures (PHM). The
results showed all social predictors are significantly correlated with prosocial behaviour, while empathy
and prosocial reasoning had fair to low correlation to prosocial behaviour. Females showed higher
influence from peers than males, males posed more influence from school than female. These findings
showed similar difference when compared with previous studies. Results of multiple regression
analyses showed that social influence factors, including peer influence, school influence and parent
influence are strong predictors of prosocial behaviour, while cognitive factors like empathy and
prosocial moral reasoning are not. The findings purported that social influences, rather than cognitive
factor are strongly linked to prosocial behaviour. This implies that socialization and social support by
means of prosocial norms and behaviours, rather than the cognitive development could exert a
powerful influence on prosocial behaviour of young people in a Chinese population.
COFFEE BREAK: 15:30 – 16:00
SESSION IV: 16:00 – 18:00
COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Veena Gupta
The Systemic Perspective Approach (TSPA) - A Multicultural Model for workplace counseling.
Christopher Fong
University of Southern Queensland, Singapore
Abstract
Organizations today face the challenge of managing the expectations of a culturally diverse workforce
due to the prevailing influx of foreign talents. Global economies increasingly need to consider both
diversity and multicultural issues to ensure an effective management of their workforce. Foreign talents
do not merely bring with them their professional expertise but also their unique life experiences, their
own espoused values, religious beliefs, as well as their ethnic cultures and norms. A lack of
consideration for these multicultural issues, could lead to a mis-alignment between the corporate
culture and values with that of the individual. There is a need to mitigate such mis-alignments so as to
enhance the motivation and work performance of a culturally diverse workforce. Hence, the role of
Employee Assistance Programme (EAP), practised by organizational psychologists and workplace
counsellors are all the more important in supporting organisations in achieving their vision, mission and
goals. Counselling within the EAP takes a psychological approach to therapy in order to cultivate the
optimal development of individuals (Sue, 2012). However, practitioners need to be aware of personal
assumptions, biases and prejudices that might render the therapeutic relationship ineffective. A
multicultural approach enables practitioners to move away from making faulty assumptions,
stereotyping, or taking a limited view of individuals and their presenting issues. Most Western
therapeutic approaches may be appropriate but they do not necessarily consider the gaps of different
worldviews. Traditional roles and practices of counseling have been known to be one dimensional in
terms of the counselor’s experience or knowledge of culture, different from their own (Ortiz, 2011). In
my thesis, the systemic approach model to multicultural counseling that I am proposing would help
practitioners to be more aware of the client’s values, beliefs, culture and norms by understanding how
the biological, predisposed and precipitating factors plays a pivotal role in shaping the client’s
perception, cognition, behaviour and emotions. The model also explores how social-cultural and other
systemic dimensions may inter-relate with each other and how they might affect and influence the
client. According to Sue & Sue (2003), the knowledge of socio cultural and systemic factors play an
important role in addressing the concerns of diverse clients. Intervention strategies have to take a
systemic approach from various dimensions such as the environmental, spiritual, and political
perspectives (Constantine, 2001). The 8 dimensions in my model includes the 1) Biological/physical 2)
Mindset 3) Affect 4) Philosophy 5) Ethnicity 6) Social/Environmental 7) Political/Economics 8)
Globalization. The systemic perspective approach therefore, provides a multidimensional framework in
understanding the client and his problem, so as to provide a holistic understanding of culturally diverse
clients. This appoach would likely lead to more appropriate interventions and integrated case
management.
The Sojourner’s Experience: Towards an Expatriate Developmental Psychology
L. Rand Mayer
Quadrant Consulting Ltd, China
Abstract
This paper will endeavor to explore intercultural development in the context of the experience of the
expatriate or sojourner and examine this developmental framework within the larger constructs of Ken
Wilber’s Integral Theory and Don Beck’s Spiral Dynamics. An approach to applying these construct to
the sojourner’s experience are also explored through the presentation of an example Integral
Transformative Practice specifically tailored to further the intercultural developmental process.
Enhancing Moral Leadership through Local Wisdom and Prophetic Coaching among
Government Officer
Sus Budiharto
Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia
Retno Kumolohadi
Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the changes in subject's moral leadership by using local wisdom and
couching based on prophetic values. Subject was expected to increase the understanding and
appreciation of the values by local wisdom for example life just only drop in drinking, God never sleep,
If we have some problems we have to spread out and keep in our mind and the prophet messages that
are honest and guided by conscience, professional and reliable, easy to comprehend and understand
others in communicating and able to be a problem solver. Eleven leaders as experimental group and
ten role models in the official local government officer in the province X have been participated on this
research. Subject has a position as Bureau Chief, head and chief subdivision, under 57 years old, over
20 years work experiences. Prophetic coaching and local wisdom have been done for nine hours and
twenty minutes, devided by five sessions. Researchers used quasi experimental method and within
subject design. The data with wilcoxon test demonstated that z = -2.627, p = .0045 (very significant) for
prophetic leadership. Based on the comparison of preposttest concluded that the prophetic coaching
and local wisdom are effective to enhance moral leadership.
APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Room: L. ZICKLIN
Chair: Veena Gupta
Creativity and Self-Esteem among Dancers and Non-Dancers: A Comparative Study
Pooja Jaggi
Mata Sundri College, University of Delhi, India
Veena Gupta
Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi, India
Ritu Shree
Children First, India
Abstract
Objectives: Dance is a form of communication that brings out the innermost feelings and
simultaneously depicts the cultural aspects of a civilization. Studies have indicated that dance affects
our personality, behaviour and relationships with the environment and boosts the degree of confidence.
Thus, the present study was carried out to compare the level of creativity and self-esteem among
dancers and non-dancers. An attempt was also made to understand the phenomena of creativity and
self-esteem as subjective processes among dancers. Method: Fifty young adults (equal number of
dancers and non-dancers) completed quantitative measures of creativity using Torrance Test of
Creative Thinking (Torrance & Ball, 1984) and self-esteem using Multidimensional Self-Esteem
Inventory (O’Brien & Epstein, 1988). A semi-structured interview schedule constructed by the authors
was used to assess how the pursuit of dance is related to the notion of creativity and self-esteem as
subjective processes among the dancers. Quantitative data was analyzed using t test and Pearson’s
correlation. Qualitative data from the interview schedule was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results:
Results indicated significantly higher levels of creativity and self-esteem among dancers compared to
non-dancers. Qualitative analysis indicated that the pursuit of dance contributed to the notion of
creativity and lead to an enhanced self-esteem among the dancers. Conclusions: The notion of
creativity and self-esteem were open-ended, context oriented processes embedded within the sociocultural and organizational milieu. The study established the phenomena of dance as a vehicle for
overall psychological growth and development of the individual. Implications: Phenomenon of dance
needs deeper exploration in terms of finer patterns and nuances as a developmental activity and also
it's therapeutic potential.
Ethical Decision –Making in Organizations: Understanding the Role of Codes of Ethics,
Recommendations of Seniors and Social Consensus
Shobha Menon
Cosmopolitan's Valia College, India
Abstract
Ethical principles are fundamental and eternal. Business ethics is the application of ethics in the
business ecosystem. Business educators, organizational researchers, legislators and common people
are increasingly concerned about reducing unethical behaviour in business. Ethical decision making is
a topic of great interest in the literature of business ethics. A review of literature indicates that the
choice a person makes in a dilemma depends on the complex interaction of individual and situational
factors. This paper studies the impact of selected situational factors on responses of executives to
ethical dilemmas .It also investigates the opinion of executives about the major reasons for unethical
business practices, whom they consult in an ethical dilemma and whether executives consider one
business practice as more unethical than another. This study used a 4(nature of unethical
action)x2(code of ethics x2(recommendations of seniors)x2(social consensus)matrix between subjects
factorial design having 32 cells and 20subjects in each cell .The sample consisted of 640 executives
employed in different managerial levels and different departments in various private and public sector
enterprises in the city of Mumbai(India).Data were collected using a questionnaire which had a
combination of direct questions and vignettes calling for responses from executives . In order to study
the impact of the four independent variables, the researcher prepared 32 separate vignettes so as to
manipulate, nature of unethical action, code of ethics, recommendations of senior, and social
consensus .The impact of these independent variables were studied on two dependent variables
namely the extent to which the subject is willing to engage in unethical action and the extent to which
the subject perceives his peers are willing to engage in unethical action. The respondents were
expected to read each vignette carefully and then indicate their behavioural intentions as well as those
of their peers on two separate 7 point scales ranging from 1-definitely not agree to 7-definitely agree.
Findings indicated that nature of unethical action, recommendations of seniors and social consensus
had significant main effects as well as some interaction effects on the dependent variables. Subjects as
well as peers were most likely to sanction a padded expense account and least likely to sanction the
use of sub-standard raw material. Unethical recommendations of seniors and social acceptability of an
unethical action increased the willingness of the subject as well as perceived willingness of peers to
engage in unethical action, however .existence of a code of ethics had no impact on both the
dependent variables .Peers were perceived as more willing to engage in unethical actions .Executives
perceived the behaviour of /pressure from seniors as being the most important reason for unethical
practices in organizations. Findings are discussed with reference to the need to move beyond writing
down a code of ethics and the importance of role modelling as well as the need for a social change in
attitudes towards unethical action.
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT III
Room: B. Baruch
Chair: Maya Mainkar
Gender Difference and Evaluation of Leader Orientation on the Dimensions of Social Judgement
Smita Singh
James Cook University, Singapore
Curtis Cretton
James Cook University, Singapore
Abstract
Male versus female leaders with different behavioural orientation (task versus relationship oriented
leaders) were assessed on social judgement indices of warmth, competence and likeability. 160
undergraduates (64 men and 96 women) were presented with a hypothetical male or female boss who
was depicted as either task- or relationship-orientated. As predicted, task-oriented and relationshiporiented leaders were respectively rated relatively more competent and warm than the other. Results
showed gender difference on trait ratings with relationship-oriented female boss perceived as less
competent than male boss. Leader behavioural orientation found to have no significant effect on leader
likeability however contrary to our prediction; relationship-oriented male boss were liked more than
relationship orientated female boss. These findings indicate the importance of social judgement
dimensions in evaluation of leaders. Further, it also links these trait dimensions of judgements to leader
behavioural orientation. In addition our study also highlights gender difference in judgement of leaders.
The Effect of Negative Feedback during Forensic Interviews: Implications for Therapeutic
Jurisprudence
Kathy Charles
Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom
James Baxter
University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom
Abstract
Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) is a relatively new discipline first described by Wexler in the late 1980s
(Wexler, 1999). TJ involves analysing the roles of legal actors (e.g. judges, lawyers, police officers),
and the rules and procedures of the legal system, as potential therapeutic or anti-therapeutic agents.
Although it clearly produces an interface between psychology and law at several points in the legal
process, until recently TJ has had most prominence in problem solving courts in America. TJ output has
mostly come from legal academics and mainly from the United States despite a desire from this
discipline for it to be mainstreamed and internationalised (Carson, 2003). The current paper presents
UK research on forensic interviewing based on 80 participants (40 male, mean age 27.2 years, SD =
11.03). Using a revised version of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale the results demonstrate a
significant shift in participants’ answers to set questions (F(1, 76) = 12.06, p < 0.001) with a main effect
for feedback type (positive/negative) rather than question type (leading/non-leading). These findings
show that negative feedback alone during forensic interviewing has a significant effect on participants’
response changes. These results are discussed within the context of TJ and recommendations are
made to recognise the role of negative feedback in affecting accurate testimony in the same way that
leading questions are acknowledged to be detrimental. The discussion considers the context of both
the police interview and later cross-examination.
Testing Micro Expression Recognition Using Video Footage
Kamalakannan Vijayakumar
SIM- University at Buffalo, Singapore
Abstract
The last few decades have seen an increasing application of micro expressions testing and training
within personal and professional settings. Although the best available research provides initial insight
into the trainability of micro expression recognition, the use of static images to represent dynamic
expressions raises concerns regarding the external validity of the current test procedure. The present
study evaluates micro expression recognition by comparing current static procedures (such as the
Micro Expression Training Tool or METT) to a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) procedure, as
well as dynamic expressions recorded during deception interviews. The generalizability and
implications for usage of dynamic micro expression test procedures is discussed.
Contribution of Social Support, Self Esteem and Perceived Stress on Psychological Well-Being
in First Year University Students
Ayu Riana Sari
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
Winna Andini Handayani
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
Abstract
Psychological well-being is important for adjusting in university life. This study was conducted to
examine variables that contribute to psychological well-being. Data were collected from first year
students of Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (n=280). The data were analyzed using the Pearson
correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between social support, self-esteem and perceived
stress, and stepwise multiple regressions to examine the contribution of social support, self-esteem and
perceived stress to psychological well-being. The findings of this study revealed that social support was
positively correlated with self-esteem. Both social support and self-esteem were negatively correlated
with perceived stress. The result indicated that 44.2% of the variance of the psychological well-being
could be accounted for by the combination of student’s perceived stress, self-esteem and social
support. These findings can be used by educators, counsellors, psychologist to enhance students’
psychological well-being.
LIST OF CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS
Author
Anand Kumar
Anand Panneer Selvam
Anuja Deshpande
Ayu Riana Sari
Chen Min-Yu
Christopher Fong
Chye Hong Liew
Desmond Chua
Dini Farhana Baharudin
Edo Shonin
Fahad Rahman
Frank H Y Lai
Gail Ilagan
Garima Sapre
Gunendra Dissanayake
Hiu-Chung Chan
Iram Fatima
James Baxter
Jarrod Haar
Joey Buitendach
Judy Tanael
Julianna Low
Kamalakannan Vijayakumar
Kathy Charles
Koonghean Foo
L. Rand Mayer
Laila Wardani
Leong Hwee Ng
Lindsay Gabel
Lingjing Zhan
Lok Yan Chan
Lue Fang
Madihah Shukri
Manasi Panditrao
Man-Tak Leung
Maria Sheila Garcia
Marivilla Lydia Aggarao
Maya Mainkar
Ng Siu-Man Dilys
Ni Made Taganing Kurniati
Nicolene Du Preez
Paula Beatrix
Pooja Jaggi
Affiliation
Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith Varanasi
Seethakkathi Matriculation Hr.Sec School
Maniben Nanavati Women's College
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
University of Taipei
University of Southern Queensland
Nanyang Technological University
MINDEF Singapore
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Nottingham Trent University
Forman Christian College University
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Ateneo De Davao University
LAD College
University of Peradeniya
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
University of the Punjab
University of Strathclyde
Massey University
Univeristy of Kwa Zulu Natal
University of Asia and the Pacific
MINDEF Singapore
SIM- University at Buffalo
Edinburgh Napier University
James Cook University Singapore
Quadrant Consulting Ltd.
Universitas Mercu Buana
Nanyang Technological University
Ngee Ann Polytechnic
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
University of Hong Kong
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Navjeevan
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Tarlac State University
Philippine Normal University
Baburaoji Gholap College, University of Pune
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Gunadarma University
UNISA
Parkway Cancer Centre
University of Delhi
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R Zirwatul Aida R Ibrahim
Retno Kumolohadi
Rewati Hatkanagalekar
Reynold Varela
Rinny Wowor
Risky Harisa Haslan
Sabina Kleitman
Samuel C. W. Chng
Samuel Ho
Sangeeta Khullar
Sara Amiel
Shobha Menon
Simon A Jackson
Sin-Man Fong
Smita Singh
Sus Budiharto
Tanjila Drishti
Vaishnavi Verma
Veena Gupta
Vera Angliani Juwita
Vivian Khamis
Wan Nurul Izza Wan Husin
William Van Gordon
Wing Yip Chui
Winstone Carrera
Yajna Singh
Yustisia Anugrah Septiani
University Malaysia Terengganu
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Navjeevan
Adamson University
Universitas Indonesia
University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
School of Psychology, University of Sydney
James Cook University Singapore
City University of Hong Kong
MKP (PG) College, Dehra Dun.
Cosmopolitan's Valia College
School of Psychology, University of Sydney
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
James Cook University Singapore
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Asian University for Women (AUW)
Smt. M.M.P Shah Women's College
University of Delhi
University of Jenderal Achmad Yani
American University of Beirut
University of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus)
Nottingham Trent University
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Univeristy of Kwa Zulu Natal
Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Israel
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Lebanon
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United Kingdom
Hong Kong
Phillipines
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Indonesia

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