Aquifer storages The discovery process – Their specificities 01 Introduction to STORENGY TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 2 GDF SUEZ Key figures GDF SUEZ is a global energy player and an expert operator in the three key sectors of electricity, natural gas and energy services €81.3 billion in 2013 revenues €13.4 billion in 2013 EBITDA 1st company in the “utilities” sector worldwide (Forbes Global 2010) Most valuable brand in the “utilities” sector worldwide (Brand Finance Global 500») €7.5 billion invested in 2013 147,400 employees throughout the world • Inc. 58,600 in power and natural gas 1,100 researchers and experts in 9 R&D centers TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 3 3 STORENGY within GDF SUEZ group Environment Energy Europe Energy International Global Gaz & LNG Infrastructures TUGS Ankara Energy Services October 31st 2014 4 4 Storengy: UGS leader in Europe Ranking Company bcm 1 12.5 2 10 3 8.5 4 6.1 5 4.2 6 3.3 7 2.6 8 2.4 9 1.6 A 60-year experience in developing and operating all types of underground gas storages Stublach Lesum Harsefeld Reitbrook Uelsen Peckensen Saint-Clair-sur-Epte Saint-Illiers-la-Ville Beynes Solings-en-Sologne Céré-la-Ronde Gournaysur-Aronde Trois-Fontaines Cerville Fronhofen GermignysousCoulombs Breitbrunn** Pozagas Schmidhausen Chémery Amgas Depomures Etrez Tersanne Hauterives Bagnolo Mella Manosque* Albero Acquifiers * 50% participation and site exploration ** 19.7% participation TUGS Ankara Salt cavern Projects in exploration Pore storage Under construction/planned Participation in boards October 31st 2014 5 A global ambition in UGS 3rd storage operator in the world St Flavien Pointe du Lac 23 storage sites in Europe Chicago Beijing New Delhi Ranking Company 1 2 bcm 12.5 (*) 10 3 8.5 4 6.1 ~1,000 employees 5 4.2 6 3.3 7 2.6 Lost Time Injury rate2014=0 8 2.4 9 1.6 ~ 40 clients (*) Excludes strategic reserve Storengy offices TUGS Ankara 12.5 Gm3 of total storage capacity Participations October 31st 2014 6 Portfolio overview A diversified portfolio in five countries, mostly operated by Storengy French Portfolio includes 1 depleted gas field, 9 aquifer and 3 salt caverns sites. The total UGS working capacity amounts 10,5 Bcm. All are operated by Storengy. In France, Chemery UGS is the second largest in Europe (7 Bcm of gas inventory managed through 67 injection/production wells). In Germany, STORENGY Deutschland operates 7 out of its 8 UGS portfolio (in depleted field and salt) with 2 Bcm working gas capacity. In UK, STORENGY UK is currently operates the Stublach Gas Storage (20 salt caverns are planned for a total gas storage capacity of 400 MMm3). Salt Depleted Aquifer TUGS Ankara Country Development Commissioning Status Date Site France France France France France France France France France France France France France France Gournay-sur-Aronde Saint Illiers-La-Ville Saint-Clair-sur-Epte Beynes Chémery Céré-la-Ronde Soings-en-Sologne Cerville Germigny-sous-Coulombs Etrez Tersanne Manosque Hauterives Trois-Fontaines Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Ongoing Ongoing 1976 1965 1979 1956 1968 1993 1981 1970 1982 1980 1970 1993 n.r. n.r. Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany Fronhofen Reitbrook Schmidhausen Peckensen Breitbrunn Uelsen Lesum Harsefeld Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation Exploitation 1996 1973 1983 2002 1993 1997 2002 1993 UK UK Stublach North Ireland On going Exploration n.r. n.r. Spain Andalusia Exploration n.r. Canada Canada Saint Flavien Pointe-du-Lac Exploitation Exploitation 1998 1990 October 31st 2014 7 02 Storengy’s skills TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 8 Subsurface Competences/Expertises Geophysics, Geology, Reservoir, Job Data & Tools + Essentially Collaborative Jobs R&D Data Management GED/Archives Mapping (SIG) Geophysics Geology Petrophysics Job Software, Internal Tools, Job Information system (geosciences server calculation power) Core storage facility Supervision Geological Drilling Seismic campaigns Reservoir engineering, geomechanics, leaching, hydrogeology •Performance, availability, operational strategy •Environmental impact •Projects development •Operational support (drilling, leaching, well test, productivity, water & sand production, …) TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 9 A UGS adapted and pragmatic approach of the technical studies (subsurface) Various cases of application Aquifer, depleted gas and oil Sandstones, carbonates, fractured, .. Studies based on experienced and successfully implemented projects: Modern approaches (seismic, geostatistics for G&G, automatic matching,…) Modeling of carbonate & sandstone, fractured reservoirs including compositional simulation Utilization of commercial tools (Petrel, Eclipse,…) but also specific in-house tools TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 10 Storengy: Worldwide Experience Storengy has been involved in many development and operational projects and studies for all types of UGS, all over the world Storengy geoscientists have worked several years in E&P companies and have acquired a strong level of knowledge in hydrocarbon field exploitation TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 11 02 Aquifers’ specificities TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 12 Aquifer storages – which specificities? Aquifers storages have been developped in regions where no depleted fileds were available. Aquifer structures are geological traps initially filled with water only. No hydrocarbons present because these structures may be located in areas where no source rock is present. Comprehensive investigations are necessary in order to assess the quality of the trap. The following of the presentation will focus on the process of finding suitable structures and assessing the feasibility, which is an actual exploration process. At the end, an aquifer storage is a kind of « synthetic gas field »: the specificities are attached to this fact. TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 13 Aquifers storages steps for the development In order to develop aquifer storages, the following steps are necessary: Collecting existing information, Completing the information through a comprehensive exploration process, Qualifying structures, Building a geological model, Assessing the dynamic behavior. As for exploration processes in E&P, a large enough portfolio of prospects is essential in order to provide a reasonable probability of success. TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 14 03 Information collection TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 15 Information collection Obtained from all public institutions (in France BRGM, l’IFP, …) and from O&G operators Exemple of useful documents: stratigraphic columns, seismic profiles, …) TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 16 Recherche documentaire Information collection Studies done by universities, and/or for other O&G companies. TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 17 04 TUGS Ankara Improving the information through exploration October 31st 2014 18 Mains steps of exploration Steps Detecting Selection of potential sites Purpose • checking the presence of the • documents analysis structure suggested by previous •Seismic retreatment research works and interpretation • precising the shape and the localisation Positive results First assessment Derisking • retaining the prospect for further exploration • first draft of mapping Abandoning • confirmation of level curves • characterisation of rocks (core samples) Abandoning Negative results • assessing the ability of the • drillings structure for natural gas storage. • seismic (3D) • hydraulic testings TUGS Ankara Results Negative results • assessing depths, thicknesses • first drillings (core dril) And the nature of the layers. (2 to 3) • 2D seismic (2 crossed lines) Positive results Qualification Structure ok for storage Nature of works October 31st 2014 • cores • hydraulic characteristics 19 Exploration for storages in France Gas fields PAVILLY PAYS DE BRAY GOURNAY-SUR-ARONDE VREGNY Aquifers LE MAZELIN ROYAUMEIX VACHERAUVILLE LA SEILLE SAINT-CLAIR-SUR-EPTE LA LOUETTE VARENNES MORHANGE VERNON IPPECOURT CERVILLE-VELAINE GERMIGNY-SOUS-COULOMBS HOEVILLE SAINT-ILLIERS-LA-VILLE LE PETIT MORIN BENNEY JUMEAUVILLE BEYNES TOURNAN LA ROSIERE RAMBOUILLET TROIS-FONTAINES PLAISIR-GRIGNON SOURDUN ATTIGNEVILLE BEAUCE NORD LES ANDELYS MARCHENOIR ST-CYR-DU-GAULT LE MEANT ALSACE SUD SENNELY SOINGS-EN-SOLOGNE CHEMERY CHEMERY OUEST Salt caverns Exploration not completed Abandonned prospects BERRY-NORD JURA VILLEFRANCHE CERE-LA-RONDE CIRAN CHATEAU-CHALONS MONTREVEL ETREZ BRESSE LE VILLIERS SAINT-NIZIER AUZANCE TERSANNE Presence of deep salt layers LA TOUR BLANCHE CRAMPSOULIE SAINT-VALLIER HAUTERIVES MONTMIRAIL MANOSQUE Sedimentary basins Granitic areas LANDES DE SIOUGOS IZAUTE LUSSAGNET TUGS Ankara GARON CASTRIES VISTRE ST GILLES LA THONGUE October 31st 2014 20 04 Qualifying the structure TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 21 Qualification criterions 1- Presence of a sufficient structure Looking for the trap • Closure • Closed area size • Volume associated 2- Tightness of the cap rock Assessing the maximum allowable pressure. 3- Reservoir quality Porosity Permeability 4- Site surface environment TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 22 Seismic profiles Evolution of seismic accuracy between 1967 and 1988 TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 23 Iso-depth mapping TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 24 Assessing the critical leak path - closure Closure depth -875 m SL C Top = -839 m SL B C Leak Leak Top = -839 m SL B FAULT FAULT OK Closure on fault A A Hypothesis 1 : closure not on the fault A B Top = -839 m NM FAULT C Hypothesis 2 : closure on the fault A B leak -875 m NM Top = -839 m NM leak -875 m NM FAULT Closure << 36 m Closure: 36 m Critical area Gas area TUGS Ankara October Water 31st 2014 25 C Possible leak occurrence: failing tightness Discontinuous cap rock TUGS Ankara Untight fault October 31st 2014 26 Maximal allowable pressure Defined by using a safety « gradient » coefficient G Pmax [barabs] = 1 + 0,0981.G.Depth Reservoir ceiling [m] G varies between 1,2 et 1,49 for sites in France Hydrostatic gradient TUGS Ankara < Safety gradient October 31st 2014 < 27 Lithostatic gradient Study of the reservoir Qualités recherchées fortes porosité et perméabilité continuité/homogénéité latérale des horizons réservoirs connaissance des caractéristiques de l’aquifère Méthodes d’investigations mesures pétrophysiques sur carottes en laboratoire nombreuses mesures par diagraphies large gamme d’essais hydrauliques (Drill Stem Test, essai de production de longue durée, test d’interférence) modélisation géologique du réservoir TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 28 Logging Tool Physical Parameter Rock parameter Polarisation Potential Clay content Laterolog Microlaterolog Microlog Dipmeter Résistivity in different directions and distances to the well (Water salt content) (Porosity) Gas saturation Stratification and dip Gamma Ray Radioactivity Clay content Neutron H2 atome Porosity Gas saturation Density Gamma ray absorption Density Sonic Speed of sonic waves Porosity TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 29 Hydraulic testings Wells’ behavior Water production Q Pressure variation P t Measured flow rate TUGS Ankara t Unknown permeability October 31st 2014 Measured pressure 30 05 Building a geological model TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 31 Looking for analogies (sedimentology) Fuvial deposits TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 32 Looking for analogies Marine and coastal deposits TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 33 Preparing dynamic simulations Geophysics Static model Production data Dynamic model Geology Flows simulation TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 34 06 Assessing the dynamic operation TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 35 Technical aspect for UGS characterization : some gas inventory build up Quick build-up could lead to : - spill over - heterogeneous gas fill-up - high pressure (trap integrity & well damage) Phased development recommended for: - large Gas Working Volume - flat structure - heterogeneous reservoir Specific cases: - pressure interference with others producing fields or UGS TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 36 Technical aspect for UGS characterization : cushion gas CGV/WGV Ratio is basically related to the maximum to minimum pressure ratio and the portion of rock volume swept by aquifer CGV depends on reservoir properties and geometry, aquifer activity & minimum UGS pressure & well locations TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 37 06 Conclusion Secificity of aquifers TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 38 Specificities of aquifers Need existing geological information to be realistically considered. Significant explorations costs, what means a prospects portfolio with a good global probability of success. Long lead development times: 10 to 15 years for exploration, permitting, construction, ramp-up. Differences to former gas fields: An injection pressure above the original pressure. No production data available for the dynamic study. TUGS Ankara October 31st 2014 39
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc
