Chemical Naming Ionic Compounds • • • • • • Naming Short Cut Al3+ • Ions involved • Cross over charges • Chemical formula Al 3+ O2 Al2 O3 Al2O3 Practice with ionic naming Blanced ion Formula pairs Li + N Ion- an atom that has a positive or negative chargeWhat is the only particle lost or gained in the formation of an ion? An electron A cation is a positive ion and is formed when an atom (loses or gains) an electron LOSES An anion is a negative ion and is formed when an atom gains an electron • The cation is ALWAYS written first in name and in formula • The anion is ALWAYS written second-change the name ending to -ide • Balance charges- overall charge must equal ZERO Practice with ionic naming O2- Elements Naming ionic Compounds Balanced ion pairs Formula Name Elements Blanced ion Formula pairs Li + N Li + N 3Li+ and N 3- Mg + Cl Mg + Cl Mg2+ and 2Cl- Rb + S Rb + S 2Rb+ and S 2- Practice with ionic naming Blanced ion Formula pairs Name Elements 3Li+ and N 3- Li3N Li + N 3Li+ and N 3- Li3N Lithium Nitride Al + O Mg + Cl Mg2+ and 2Cl- MgCl2 Mg + Cl Mg2+ and 2Cl- MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride Ca + P Rb + S 2Rb+ and S 2- Rb + S 2Rb+ and S 2- Rubidium sulfide Ga + F Rb2S Name More practice with ionic naming Elements Rb2S Name Elements Practice with ionic naming Balanced Ion Pairs Formula Name 1 Write Balanced Ion Pairs Elements Balanced Ion Pairs Al + O 2Al3+ + 3O 2- Ca + P 3Ca2+ + Ga + F Ga3+ + 2P Formula Name 3- 3F- Write The Formula Elements Balanced Ion Pairs Al + O 2Al3+ + 3O 2- Ca + P 3Ca2+ + Ga + F Ga3+ + 2P Formula 3- 3F- Name The Compound Name Al2O 3 Ca3P 2 GaF 3 Polyatomic Ions YOU SHOULD KNOW! Naming With Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic ions Formula Name Al + O 2Al3+ + 3O 2- Al2O 3 Aluminum Oxide Ca + P 3Ca2+ + Ca3P 2 Calcium Phosphide Ga + F Ga3+ + GaF 3 Galium Fluoride 3F- Naming With Polyatomic Ions Balanced Ion Pairs Formula Name Ba2=+PO33- Write Balanced Ion Pairs Formula Name 2P 3- Na++PO4 3- Name the same way as binary ionic compounds, but use the polyatomic ion name Balanced Ion Pairs Balanced Ion Pairs Ions Composed of 2 or more elements that act as a unit Have a positive or negative charge Most are anions (negative charge) Most names end in -ITE or -ATE Ions Elements Write The Formula Ions Balanced Ion Pairs Formula Na++PO4 3- 3Na+ + PO4 3- Na++PO4 3- 3Na+ + PO4 3- Na3 PO4 Ba2++PO33- 3Ba2++2PO33- Ba2++PO33- 3Ba2++2PO33- Ba3 (PO3)2 Name The Compound Name Ions Balanced Ion Pairs Formula Name Na++PO4 3- 3Na+ + PO4 3- Na3 PO4 Sodium Phosphate Ba2++PO33- 3Ba2++2PO33- Ba3 (PO3)2 Barium Phosphite 2 Write the Formula • Name: Aluminum Nitrate • Balanced ion pairs… • Al3+ and 3 NO3 • Formula • Al(N03)3 Naming with Transition Metals Ion Charges • Transition Metals have various charges or valencies • Valence ( or charge) is indicated by a roman numeral Iron III = Fe3+ Iron II = Fe2+ Naming with Transition Metals • The Roman Numeral tells you the charge on the metal ion NOT the number of metal ions present • Write balanced ion pairs to determine formula Naming with Transition Metals Name Name Balanced ion pairs Lead(IV) Hydroxide Lead(IV) Hydroxide Pb4+ + 4(OH- ) Iron (III) Carbonate Iron (III) Carbonate 2Fe3+ + 3(CO32-) Copper(II) Acetate Copper(II) Acetate Cu2+ + 2(CH3COO-) Write the formula Balanced ion pairs Formula Write the balanced ion pairs More Naming Practice Name Naming practice Name Balanced ion pairs Formula Formula Lead(IV) Hydroxide Pb4+ + 4(OH- ) Pb(OH)4 Zn(CH3COO)2 Zn(CH3COO)2 Zn2+ + 2CH3 COO- Zinc acetate Iron (III) Carbonate 2Fe3+ + 3(CO32-) Fe2(CO3)3 Cu3(PO4 )2 Cu3(PO4 )2 3Cu2+ + 2PO43- Copper (II) phosphate Copper(II) Acetate Cu2+ + 2(CH3COO-) CuClO3 CuClO3 Cu+ + ClO3- Copper (I) chlorate Cu(CH3COO)2 OR Cu(C2H3O2)2 Balanced Ion Pairs Formula Formula Balanced Ion Pairs Name 3 Naming Molecular Compounds • Compounds where – – – • both elements would have a negative charge Both elements are from the right side of the periodic table Both elements are non metals Electrons are shared NOT transferred Naming Molecular Compounds • Rules for naming molecular compounds – First element has “normal” name – Second element has name ending changed to ide • Use prefixes to say how many of each element • DO NOT USE PREFIX WHEN THERE IS ONLY ONE OF THE FIRST ELEMENT.. Name the compounds Formula CO2 CO PCl3 N2 P4 SO3 N2O5 S4 Cl9 Name Name the compounds Formula CO2 CO PCl3 N2 P4 SO3 N2O5 S4 Cl9 Formula N2O PCl3 SF6 CS2 CBr4 N2H4 BCl3 P2O3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mono Di Tri Tetra Penta 6. Hexa 7. Hepta 8. Octa 9. Nona 10. Deca Write the formula Name Formula Dinitrogen monoxide Phosphorus trichloride Sulfur hexafluoride Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrabromide Dinitrogen tetrahydride Boron trichloride Diphosphorus trioxide Naming Acids Write the formula Name Dinitrogen monoxide Phosphorus trichloride Sulfur hexafluoride Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrabromide Dinitrogen tetrahydride Boron trichloride Diphosphorus trioxide Name Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Phosphoris trichloride Dinitrogen tetraphosphide Sulfur trioxide Dinitrogen pentoxide Tetrasulfur nonachloride Molecular Naming prefixes • • • • Acids are ionic compoundsThey contain a cation(+) and an anion(-) H+ is the cation Acid formula usually starts with”H” When acids dissolve into ion pairs, the anion and H+ HCl→H+ + ClHNO3→H+ + NO3 - 4 Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds • • Organic compounds: any covalently bonded compound containing carbon-EXCEPT carbonates and oxides • Functional group: a specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions • • • Prefix 1 meth 2 eth 3 pro 4 but 5 pent 6 hex 7 hept 8 oct 9 non 10 dec Naming Hydrocarbons • • • • • They contain carbon and hydrogen ONLY They can be straight- chain, branched chain or cyclic molecules Carbon must form four bonds • Hydrocarbons: Organic compounds that contain only C and H • ALKANES- contain only single covalent bonds • ALKENES- contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond • ALKYNES- contain one or more carbon- carbon triple bond Naming Hydrocarbons Organic Prefixes Number of Carbon Atoms Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds Naming Hydrocarbons • • • • Alkanes General formula CxH(2x+2) When x =1, Methane = CH4 • When x =2, ethane = C2H6 Naming Hydrocarbons • • • • • Alkenes General formula CxH2x X cannot =1 When x =2, ethene = C2H4 Functional Groups Alkynes General formula CxH(2x-2) X cannot =1 When x =2, ethyne = C2H2 5
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