Anaerobe zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater; energie produktie & grondstoffen terugwinning 22-04-2014, Grietje Zeeman; WUR-ETE [email protected] Industrialized countries large quantities of water for toilet flushing Dilution of toilet waste water Basic setup of aerobic treatment screens grit chamber primary activated secondary sedimentation sludge sedimentation tank tank tank Raw sewage Treated effluent Sludge sludge digestion sludge dewatering Basic setup of anaerobic treatment screens grit chamber high-rate anaerobic treatment effluent polishing pond Raw sewage Treated effluent Sludge sludge drying beds AWWT plant Bucaramanga,Colombia UASB UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) reactor • Developed by Lettinga (1970’s) Low temperature & low concentration Large UASB reactors Low temperature & low concentration UASB-sludge digester Under development Mahmoud N, Zeeman G, Gijzen H, Lettinga G. 2004. Anaerobic sewage treatment in a one-stage UASB reactor and a combined UASB-Digester system. Water Research 38: 2347-2357. Lei Zhang, Tim L.G. Hendrickx, Weiguang Li, Christel Kampman, Hardy Temmink, Grietje Zeeman (2013). Co-digestion to support low temperature anaerobic pre-treatment of municipal sewage in a UASB-Digester. Bioresource technology 148, 560-566 energy Separation at source ‘New Sanitation’ food organic feritilizer Recovery system BW K GW treatment ‘New Sanitation’; restore the cycle with agriculture Barrel system End of the 19th century: Feces & urine collected in barrels Hygienic ? Barrel system Abraham: ’’what, not yet forbidden….?’’ Van Zon, 1986 Raw materials; BW & KW Black water & Kitchen waste (g p-1d-1) % of total domestic Wastewater & Kitchen waste N 12.3 g 92 P 1.6 g 80 K 3.9 g 84 organics 111 g COD 69 adapted from Zeeman & Kujawa-Roeleveld, 2011 The potential for recovery BW + KW (tons per year) P 3.9*106 Fertilizer production (tons per year) #14.9*106 % coverage Energy equivalent 27 World Population:6,911,750,810 people (http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html) #Cordell, D., Drangert, J.-O., and White, S. , (2009). ##J. N. Galloway et al, (2008); + Haber-Bosch:35kJ/gN; conversion; 0.0378 MJ/LCH4 . ++anaerobic treatment: 70% Phosphorus is a finite resource .. Cordell, D., Drangert, J.-O., and White, S. (2009). The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought. Global Environmental Change, 19, 292-305. Recovery and reuse of nitrogen needed? 78% .. Haber-Bosch process N2 + 3 H2 → 2NH3 Energy use : * 37-45 kJ/g N; *Maurer, M., Schwegler, P., and Larsen, T. A. (2003). Nutrients in urine: energetic aspects of removal and recovery. Water Science and Technology, 48 (1), 37-46. The potential for recovery BW + KW (tons per year) P N 3.9*106 *30.9*106 Fertilizer production (tons per year) #14.9*106 ##121*106 % coverage Energy equivalent 27 25 World Population:6,911,750,810 people (http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html) #Cordell, D., Drangert, J.-O., and White, S. , (2009). ##J. N. Galloway et al, (2008); + Haber-Bosch:35kJ/gN; conversion; 0.0378 MJ/LCH4 . 1.1*103 PJ/y ++anaerobic treatment: 70% The potential for recovery BW + KW (tons per year) COD 280*106 % coverage Energy equivalent ±cooking energy 69*109 m3 CH4 per year ‘New Sanitation’ • Collection (WC) & transport with minimal water use •vacuum toilets •water free urinals •urine separation toilets • Separation at source •BW separate from GW DESAH BV Modern vacuum collection and transport • comfort • minimal water use (≤ 1Litre per flush) EET & STOWA supported ‘New Sanitation’ Full scale application Vila Flora; Venlo DESAH BV ‘New Sanitation’ Full scale application Sneek; 250 houses DESAH BV New sanitation in NIOO building New sanitation‘Brouwershuis’ New sanitation ‘Brouwershuis’ Black water UASB treatment, nitritation-anammox & struvite-precipitation 1.8 m3 CH4/m3 UASB Autotrophic N-removal N2 P-recovery De Graaff et al.(2010), Water ;De Graaff et al., (2010), Water Research;De Graaff et al., (2011),Water Research 2*;De Graaff et al., (2011),WS&T Black water treatment Biogas MP & Pathogens Sludge UASB UASB Local use Phosphorus Nitrogen MP & Pathogens Effluent Air Black water treatment Biogas MP & Pathogens Sludge UASB UASB Phosphorus Nitrogen MP & Pathogens Effluent Agriculture Simultaneous AD & Ca-phosphate precipitation Energy Liquid Eff. Black Water N,K P-granules Sludge COD Taina H. Tervahauta, Renata D. van der Weijden, Roberta L. Flemming, Luc´ıa Hern´andez Leal, Grietje Zeeman,,Cees J. N. Buisman (submitted) Calcium phosphate precipitation in anaerobic treatment of black water: a new approach to phosphorus recovery. Water Research 48 (2 014 ) 632-642 Simultaneous AD & Ca-phosphate precipitation Granule formation in black water UASB reactor (a) dried granule (b) and inorganic core of granule (burned at 550"C) (c) Taina H. Tervahauta, Renata D. van der Weijden, Roberta L. Flemming, Luc´ıa Hern´andez Leal, Grietje Zeeman,,Cees J. N. Buisman (submitted) Calcium phosphate precipitation in anaerobic treatment of black water: a new approach to phosphorus recovery. Water Research 48 (2 014 ) 632-642 33 NH3-recovery; microbial fuel cell • migrational ion flux to the cathode • driven by electron production • anaerobic degradation of organic matter in urine. Kuntke, P., Śmiech, K.M. , Bruning, H., Zeeman, G., Saakes, M. , Sleutels, T.H.J.A. , Hamelers, H.V.M., Buisman, C.J.N. (2012). Ammonium recovery and energy production from urine by a microbial fuel cell. Water Research, 46-8, 2627-2636 N & P recovery; microalgae growth on urine Kanjana Tuantet, Marcel Janssen, Hardy Temmink, Grietje Zeeman, René H. Wijffels, and Cees J.N. Buisman (2013). Nutrient removal and microalgal biomass production on urine in a short light-path photobioreactor. Water R e search 5 5, 1 6 2 -1 7 4 N & P recovery; microalgae growth on BW N&P C Biogas LNV, 2007 To develop DBW BW Vacuum toilet PBR effluent polishing UASB Algae harvesting NIOO-KNAW NIOO-KNAW H2O Wetland Schematic representation of current and future black water according to new sanitation concepts. Tania Fernandes, NIOO Water scarcity 20th century: • 6* increase water use • > 2* population growth .. 2025 1.8 billion people live in countries with an absolute water shortage (UN, 2007) .. Bio-flocculation of grey water (GW) biogas Biogas Bioflocculation unit membrane Effluent Grey Greywater water UASB Black water and BW &KW kitchen refuse Bioflocculated and concentrated organic matter GW-sludge Hernandez Leal L., Temmink H., Zeeman G., Buisman C.J.N. (2010b). Bioflocculation of Grey Water for improved energy recovery within decentralized sanitation concepts. Bioresource Technology, Volume 101, Issue 23, 9065-9070 Treated grey; potential water source Grey water management at community level (Hernandez, 2010) Micro-pollutants 41 Micro-pollutants (MPs) *almost 200 micropollutants from personal care products in GW **190 different pharmaceutical substances recorded DESAH BV *Eriksson, E.; Auffarth, K.; Eilerse, A. M.; Henze, M.; Ledin, A (2003). Household chemicals and personal care products as sources for xenobiotic organic compounds in grey wastewater. Water SA, 29, 135–146. **Winker, M., Faika, D., Gulyas, H. and Otterpohl, R. (2008). A comparison of human pharmaceutical concentrations in raw municipal wastewater and yellow water. Science of the total environment Fate MPs in biological BW- or GW-treatment Lucia Marthe Graaff TitiaHernandez de Mes *Personal care products in GW **Pharmaceutical residues & estrogens in BW *Hernandez Leal L., Vieno, N., Temmink H., Zeeman G., Buisman C.J.N. (2010). Occurrence of Xenobiotics in Grey Water and Removal in Three Biological Treatment Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010, 44 (17): 6835–6842 **de Graaff, M.S., Vieno, N.M., Kujawa-Roeleveld, K., Zeeman, G.; Temmink, H.; Buisman, C.J.N. (2011). Fate of hormones and pharmaceuticals during combined anaerobic treatment and nitrogen removal by nitritation-anammox in vacuum collected black water. Water Research, Volume 45, Issue 1; **T.Z.D. de Mes, K. Kujawa-Roeleveld, G. Zeeman and G. Lettinga (2007). Fate of oestrogens during anaerobic blackwater treatment with microaerobic post-treatment. Water Science & Technology Vol 56 No 5. Conclusies; anaerobe zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater; 3 ‘Nieuwe Sanitatie’ toepassingen in Nederland Verbeteringen ‘Nieuwe Sanitatie’ in ontwikkeling Ontwikkeling UASB-slibvergisting systeem Conclusies; anaerobe zuivering van huishoudelijk afvalwater; VRAGEN?
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc
![Presentation GDF SUEZ and SUEZ Environment [Oct 2014]](http://s3.expydoc.com/store/data/006618550_1-70fef0fa4acace76935a7015a4faf16c-250x500.png)
