EGTA, ethyleneglycol-bis(,B

Abbreviations
(material in parentheses
for explanation only)
A, ampere(s)
A, angstrom (10-8 cm)
AA, arachidonic acid
ACTH, adrenocorticotropin
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
apo, apolipoprotein (also apo A, apo B, etc.)
ATP, adenosine triphosphate (also ADP,
AMP, CTP, UDP, etc.)
BCG, Calmette-Guerin bacillus
bp, basepair
BP, blood pressure
BSA, bovine serum albumin
BTU, British thermal unit
C, complement
0C, degree Celsius
cAMP, cyclic AMP
cDNA, complementary DNA
CFA, complete Freund's adjuvant
CFU, colony-forming unit
Ci, curie(s)
CoA, coenzyme A
cpm, counts per minute
cps, counts per second
Con A, concanavalin A
CSA, colony-stimulating activity
d, density
D, dalton
kD, kilodalton
DEAE, diethylaminoethyl
DME, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
DNP, dinitrophenyl
DTT, dithiothreitol
dyn s* cm5, units of peripheral vascular
resistance
EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
ED50, 50% effective dose
EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetate
EGTA, ethyleneglycol-bis(,B-aminoethyl
ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay
E/T ratio, effector/target ratio
eV, electron volt(s)
°F, degree Fahrenheit
FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorter
FCS, fetal calf serum
FFA, free fatty acids
FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
FMLP,
formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine
g, gram(s)
g, unit of gravity
GFR, glomerular filtration rate
GSH, glutathione, reduced
h, hour
HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution
HDL, high density lipoprotein
Hepes, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'2-ethane sulfonic acid
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
HLA, human histocompatibility leukocyte
antigens
HPLC, high performance liquid
chromatography
HSA, human serum albumin
Id, idiotype
ID50, 50% infective dose
IFN, interferon
Ig, immunoglobulin
IL, interleukin (e.g., IL-2)
IU, international unit(s)
°K, degree kelvin
kb, kilobase
kcal, kilocalorie(s)
Kd, dissociation constant
K,, inhibition constant
Ki, Michaelis constant
KRB, Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer
LD50, 50% lethal dose
LDL, low density lipoprotein
liter(s), liter(s)
,1 (not X), microliter(s)
ml, milliliter(s)
LPS, lipopolysaccharide
m, meter(s)
cm3 (not cc), cubic centimeter(s)
,gm or 10-6 m (not A), micrometer(s)
(micron)
M, molar
MAb, monoclonal antibody
MEM, minimum essential medium
geq, microequivalent(s)
meq, milliequivalent(s)
MHC, major histocompatibility complex
mmHg, millimeters of mercury
mo, month
mol, mole(s)
mol wt, molecular weight
Mr, relative molecular mass
mRNA, messenger RNA
n, number in study, group
N, normal (concentration)
NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(also NADH, NADP, etc.)
ND, not determined
NE, norepinephrine
No.(s), number(s)
NP-40, Nonidet P-40
NS, not significant
OD, optical density
1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3
osM, osmolar
osmol, osmole(s)
% (with numeral), percent
P, probability
PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte
PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
Pco2, partial pressure of Co2
PD, potential difference
PG, prostaglandin (also PGE, PGF, etc.)
PHA, phytohemagglutinin
pI, isoelectric point
PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte
PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
P02, partial pressure of 02
psi, pounds per square inch
PTH, parathyroid hormone
PWM, pokeweed mitogen
r, correlation coefficient
RA, rheumatoid arthritis
Rf, retardation factor
RIA, radioimmunoassay
rpm, revolutions per minute
RNA, ribonucleic acid
RQ, respiratory quotient
s, second(s)
SD, standard deviation
SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
SE, standard error
SEM, standard error of the mean
SOD, superoxide dismutase
sp act, specific activity
t,,2, half-life
TCA, trichloroacetic acid
TLC, thin-layer chromatography
Tris, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
t test, Student's t test
TX, thromboxane
U, unit(s)
V, volt(s)
VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
Vmax, maximum velocity
vol, volume(s)
vWf, von Willebrand factor
W, watt(s) (voltampere)
kW, kilowatt(s)
wk, week
wt, weight
yr, year
The Journal of Clinical Investigation (ISSN 0021-9738) is published monthly for $225 per year, individual rate is $130 if paid by personal check (postal surcharge in
Europe only, $50 by The Rockefeller University Press, 222 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021. Second-class postage paid at New York, NY and additional
mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Journal ofClinical Investigation, Order Service, The Rockefeller University Press, 222 East 70th Street,
New York, NY 10021.
The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Published by
The Rockefeller University Press, New York
for The American Society
for Clinical Investigation, Inc.
Bruce F. Scharschmidt, Editor
Associate Editors
William T. Clusin Basil Rapoport
Martin G. Cogan Gary K. Schoolnik
Marc A. Shuman
Ira M. Goldstein
Janice Woo, Managing Editor
The Editorial Committee of
The American Society
for Clinical Investigation, Inc.
Robert J. Alpern, Dallas, Texas
Nathan A. Berger, Cleveland, Ohio
David Bilheimer, Dallas, Texas
Jan L. Breslow, New York, New York
Kenneth L. Brigham, Nashville, Tennessee
Michael S. Brown, Dallas, Texas
Bruce A. Chabner, Bethesda, Maryland
Charles G. Cochrane, La Jolla, California
Fredric L. Coe, Chicago, Illinois
C. Garrison Fathman, Stanford, California
Jeffrey S. Flier, Boston, Massachusetts
Alan M. Fogelman, Los Angeles, California
Warner C. Greene, Durham, North Carolina
Robert I. Handin, Boston, Massachusetts
Joseph S. Handler, Baltimore, Maryland
David R. Hathaway, Indianapolis, Indiana
William B. Hood, Jr., Rochester, New York
Rex L. Jamison, Rochester, New York
Dennis L. Kasper, Boston, Massachusetts
Alexander R. Lawton, Nashville, Tennessee
Robert J. Lefkowitz, Durham, North Carolina
Stephen A. Liebhaber, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
James L. Madara, Boston, Massachusetts
Robert J. Mason, Denver, Colorado
Bernardo Nadal-Ginard, Boston, Massachusetts
Carl F. Nathan, New York, New York
Arthur Nienhuis, Bethesda, Maryland
Herbert Samuels, New York, New York
Robert S. Schwartz, Boston, Massachusetts
Charles J. Sherr, Memphis, Tennessee
John B. Stokes III, Iowa City, Iowa
Alan R. Tall, New York, New York
Thomas A. Waldmann, Bethesda, Maryland
Stephen J. Weiss, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Michael J. Welsh, Iowa City, Iowa
James T. Willerson, Dallas, Texas
Tadataka Yamada, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Copyediting and production:
Leslie Grundfest, Meredith Goldsmith, and Jeanne Hess
The Journal of Clinical Investigation publishes original papers on research pertinent to human biology and disease. Work with animals or
in vitro techniques is acceptable if it is relevant to normal or abnormal
human biology. No substantial part of a paper may have been or may
be published elsewhere.
It is assumed that all clinical investigation described in manuscripts
submitted to this Journal shall have been conducted according to the
principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki, which has been
endorsed by The American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc. (see
Vol. 46, p. 1 140).
Manuscripts are published in the order of final acceptance after review and revision. Papers requiring much editing will be delayed until
they are in good form. Prepare manuscripts exactly according to Instructions to Authors published in the January and July issues.
Submit manuscripts in 4 complete sets to:
Bruce F. Scharschmidt, M.D., Editor
The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Box 1500, MR IV, Room 108
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California 94143-1500
Each manuscript submitted must be accompanied by a processing fee
of $50 in United States currency only, drawn on or payable to a United
States bank, or a purchase or money order. In addition, the author of
each accepted paper will be charged $40 per published page.
Authors may purchase reprints at prices furnished with page proof.
Others desiring reprints should write authors, not the Journal. Changes
of address must be received at least 2 weeks in advance of date of issue.
Two volumes of six issues each appear annually. The rate for both
foreign and domestic subscriptions is $225 per year (postal surcharge
Europe only, $50), payable in advance. The individual rate of $130 per
year (Europe, $180) requires payment by personal check in U. S. funds.
Medical students, interns, fellows, and residents of approved hospitals
may subscribe at the special rate of $65.00 per year (personal check
only). Single copies are $18.75. Remit by draft or check drawn on U. S.
banks, or by postal money order, payable to The Journal of Clinical
Investigation, The Rockefeller University Press, P. 0. Box 5108,
Church Street Station, New York 10249. Claims for nonreceipt of
issues will be honored when received within 3 months of mailing for
U. S. subscribers, 6 months for foreign subscribers. For information on
subscriptions and back copies write to Order Service, The Rockefeller
University Press, 222 East 70th Street, New York 10021. Subscriptions
and back copies are available in microfiche and microfilm through
University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Dept.
P.R., Ann Arbor, MI 48106. The Journal is available online with BRS/
Saunders Colleague. For more information call: 800-468-0908.
Address correspondence about manuscripts in press to:
The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journals Office
222 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
For all advertising matters, contact:
Williams & Wilkins
Attention Gary Walchli
428 E. Preston St.
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
301-528-4291
The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of an article in this journal indicates
that the Publisher gives consent for individual copies of that article to be made for personal or
internal use. This consent is given on the condition, however, that-for copying beyond the
limited quantities permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law-the
copier pay the stated per-copy fee, for this journal $2.00 per article, through the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congrpss Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, a nonprofit organization. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general
distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for
resale.
Copyright © 1989, The American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc.
February Author Index
Volume83, Number2
Aglietta, M. .
Anderson, D. C.
Andre, J. .
Andrews, D. F..
Apra, F.
Argyle, C.
Avdi, N.
Azen, S. P.
Betuel, H.
Balaban, R. S.
Barre-Sinoussi, F.
Benoit, R.
Benz, E. J., Jr.
Bertrand, J. .
Beutler, B.
Bird, A.
Blankenhorn, D. H.
Bourdeau, J. E.
Boxer, L. A. .
Boyde, A. .
Boyer, J. L.
Breitenstein, M. G.
Bunyaratvej, A.
Butthep, P.
Buzzetti, R. .
Caligaris-Cappio, F.
Carnino, F.
Carrel, S. .
Carson, D. A.
Casey, M. L.
Cederbaum, S. D..
Chang, C. .
Cheema, C.
Chermann, J. C.
Chou, C.-K. .
Clark, A. J. L.
Constantinou, C. D..
Corvol, P.
Cox, S. M.
Crittenden, C.
Cunningham, A. L.
David, M.
Dizikes, G. J.
Dodge, G. R.
Dubyak, G. R. .
Dunn, M. J. .
Ellenbogen, A.
Endres, R. 0.
Ennis, F. A. .
Fehr, J.
Feighery, C. .
Fitz, J. G. .
FitzGerald, G. A..
Forest, M. G.
.
738
551
637
527
593
551
602
637
520
527
456
610
362
514
527
430
543
520
373
514
543
565
728
502
502
733
551
551
713
585
430
602
421
537
610
421
733
574
679
430
593
490
527
602
647
708
708
497
629
506
444
698
411
380
527
Frank, M. M.
Fucharoen, S.
Fusman, B.
Gallin, J. I.
Garcia, R.
Gautam, A.
Gavosto, F.
Georgoulias, V.
Gores, G. J.
Grant, B. F.
Grody, W. W.
Groscurth, P.
Guerne, P.-A.
Guzelian, P. S.
Hagerty, C.
Hamet, P.
Hammer, C. H.
Han, S.-H.
Hasty, K. A. .
Hauptmann, G.
Heineman, F. W.
Henson, P. M.
Herman, B.
Heuman, D. M.
Hirschhorn, R..
Hitchcock, P. J.
Hoffman, J. I. E.
Hoke, C.
Hollister, A. S.
Honbo, N.
Hsu, H.-C.
Hu, C.-p..
Imada, T. .
Inagami, T.
Innis, B. L.
Jackson, J.
Jacobs, D. B.
Jasmin, C.
Johnson, K. J.
Joiner, K. A.
Jones, S. J.
Jongeneel, C. V.
Jung, C. Y.
Kaliner, M. A.
Kang, A. H. .
Karliner, J. S.
Karnik, P. S.
Kaushansky, K.
Kern, R. M..
Kester, M.
.
Kiens, B.
Klein, D..
Knedler, A.
Kukita, T.
Kurane, I.
Kurtz, I.
Lachman, L. B.
Lau, K.
Lavender, P. M.
Lee, P. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
*
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
397
502
465
514
482
565
551
610
386
537
602
444
585
688
520
482
397
421
629
527
456
637
386
688
497
397
474
506
623
474
421
421
623
623
506
698
437
610
669
397
543
713
437
514
629
474
367
593
602
708, 718
558
602
637
543
506
616
629
373
733
520
Lee, T.-P . .
Lefer, A. M. .
..
.
Lemasters, J. J.
Lento, P. H
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
437
465
386
465
Letarte, M. . . . . . 713
Ling, N. . . . . . . 362
Lithell, H. . . . . . 558
Lomax, K. J. . . . . 514
Lotz, M. . . . . . . 585
Lunardi-Iskandar, Y. . 610
404
Lux, S. E . .
MacDonald, B. R.
543
MacDonald, P. C.
430
Madara, J. L. . . . . 724
Malawista, S. E. .
728
Malech, H. L. .
514
Mandel, D. M. .669
Marcus, R. . . . . . 537
McLoughlin, L.
733
543
McManus, L. M.
Meager, A. . . . . . 506
Mene, P. . . . . 708, 718
Menard,J. . . . . . 679
Milewich, L. . . . . 430
Miller, M. . . . . . 543
Miller, W. L. . . . . 527
Monahan, S. J . . 367
437
Mookerjee, B. K .
527
Morel, Y . .
444
Moser, R . .
551
Mossetti, C . .
Mundy, G. R. . . . . 543
Murray, S. A. . . . . 688
708
.
Nakazato, Y.
Nemunaitis, J. .593
421
Ng, A.-K . .
Ng, 0. C. . . . . . . 565
Nielsen, K. B. . . . . 574
Nieminen, A.-L . . . 386
506
Nimmannitya, S .
Nisalak, A. . . . . . 506
Noble, J. R. . . . . . 490
Nowak, J. . . . . . 380
Nugeyre, M. T. . . . 610
Orci, L. . . . . . . 362
Orkin, S. H . . 497
Osborne, J. A. . . . . 465
Piacibello, W. . . . . 551
Poole, A. R . . 647
629
Poppleton, H. M..
456
Portman, M. A. .
629
Postlethwaite, A. E.
Potts, J. R. . . . . . 623
Prockop, D. J . . . 574
713
Quackenbush, E. J.
404
Rachmilewitz, E. A.
514
Raphael, G. D..
Ravazzola, M. . . . . 362
Rees, L. H. . . . . . 733
Rodeheffer, R. J. . . . 623
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
Romalo, G..
Ronco, P..
Roodman, G. D.
Rotrosen, D.
Sanavio, F.
Schambelan, M.
Scharschmidt, B. F.
Schena, M.
Schliuter, M. ..
Schleiffenbaum, B.
Schweikert, H.-U.
Schweinle, J. E.
Sedor, J. R.
Selzer, R. H.
Seyer, J. M.
Shinar, E. .
Shircore, A.
Siebes, M.
Siegfried, M. R.
Sim, R. B.
Simonson, M. S.
Singer, J. W.
Slater, K .
Smith, G. N., Jr.
Spector, E. B.
Springer, T. A..
Stacchini, A.
Stafford, J.
Stahl, G. L.
Stevens, M. B.
Strazzabosco, M.
Strickland, A. D.
Su, T.-S.
Sung, C.-H. .
Takahashi, N.
Tenner, A. J.
Ting, L.-P.
Toffelmire, E. B.
Tonnesen, M. G.
Tremblay, J.
Tzall, S.
Unkeless, J. C. .
Uring-Lambert, B.
Van Blaricom, G..
Vaughan, J. H..
Verroust, P.
Wann, S.
Ward, P. A.
Warren, J. S.
Watkins, P. B.
Weisiger, R. A..
Whaley, K.
White, F. J.
Willenbrock, R. C.
Winkelman, L. G.
Wolfe, M. M.
Wray, B. E. .
Wrighton, S. A.
Yuthavong, Y..
Zuraw, B. L.
662
713
543
514
551
679
411
551
662
444
662
397
708, 718
520
629
404
520
520
465
698
708, 718
593
679
629
602
637
551
724
465
474
565
602
421
421
543
397
421
679
637
482
497
355
527
728
585
713
708
669
669
688
411
698
623
482
688
367
386
688
502
585

Download Report