Approach via the arc - FlightPro Web Reports

VOR APPROACHES
& ARCS
Mass Brief 39
1
Objective
•
To interpret an instrument approach plate and fly
a VOR procedure from an enroute altitude to the
minimum descent altitude (MDA)
2
IAF
IF
MAPt
FAF
3
Approach from overhead
•
Enroute
-
•
Get the weather
TOD checks
KDP4
Request approach
-
-
-
“Msy 123”
“Intentions for the
VOR/DME 23”
“via the overhead / the
arc”
“app & MAP / to land.”
4
Approach from overhead
•
Overhead the navaid (TTTT)
-
Twiddle:
Turn:
Time:
-
Talk:
-
CDI onto outbound course
the hdg bug and a/c
start timer as a back up in case of
loss of distance information
“Msy ... beacon outbound”
5
Approach from overhead
•
Outbound leg
• Initiate the cruise descent and monitor
• 120 kts / 500 fpm / ~ 17”
•
Ensure descent allows for altitude lost on
base turn
•
Pre-landing checks
6
Approach from overhead
•
Approaching limiting distance (or time)
•
•
•
•
Twiddle:
Turn:
Time:
Talk:
CDI onto inbound course
turn hdg bug, turn a/c (90 deg intercept)
not required
“Msy … commencing base turn”
(depends on airspace)
•
•
•
•
•
When using AFCS, set on HDG mode for base turn and intercept
Continue onto final at approx 5° (1 dot) ahead with 90° hdg to go
Report established inbound once within ± 5° of the inbound
Change TWR when instructed and report inbound
“Palmerston Tower, Msy ... established inbound, POB 2, Delta
1023,”
7
Approach via the arc
•
WHAT?
•
•
A DME arc is a curved manoeuvre flown at a specified
range from a DME station leading to the inbound track
of a VOR, NDB, ILS or LLZ approach
Can be conducted using either:
• A GPS-derived track that allows for a smooth
continuous turn
• Raw data (VOR mode + BRG indicators) that
involves a series of short, straight segments
8
Approach via the arc
•
WHY?
•
•
If the arc is available it is
generally the most direct
course to the inbound
track
DME arc approaches are
available when the
enroute track intersects
the DME arc approach
depicted by a curved
dotted line
9
Approach via the arc
•
Calculating track mileage (1:60 rule)
• For a 10 DME arc every 6° of arc = 1 nm
• (60 / 10 = 6)
• For a 12 DME arc every 5° of arc = 1 nm
• (60 / 12 = 5)
• For a 15 DME arc every 4° of arc = 1 nm
• (60 / 15 = 4)
10
Approach via the arc
•
Before joining the DME arc
•
Request approach via the arc
•
•
If tracking directly TO/FROM the VOR anticipate
turning onto the arc by 1% of GS
•
•
•
Clearance to join the arc does NOT imply clearance for the
approach
120 kts = 1.2 nm
90 kts = 0.9 nm
Brief the approach
•
“...approaching on track of 195° (R015), left turn at 11.1nm to
arc right, inbound 219°...”
11
Flying the arc with GPS
guidance
•
Approaching the arc:
• Ensure Autopilot is in HDG mode
• Activate the required leg of the arc on FMS
• Continue tracking on VOR radial using
bearing indicator
• Arm NAV mode so Autopilot intercepts the
arc
12
Flying the arc with GPS
guidance
•
Turning onto the ARC
• Twiddle:
GPS CDI set on arc leg
• Turn:
hdg bug and a/c approx 90°
(± drift anticipated)
• Time:
not required
• Talk:
“Msy… established on the arc”
•
Start turn onto the inbound at 5° to go
13
Flying the arc with VOR
•
Turning onto the ARC
• Twiddle:
Set VOR 1 on the inbound
• Turn:
hdg bug and a/c approx 90°
(± drift anticipated)
• Time:
not required
• Talk:
“Msy… established on the arc”
•
Start turn onto the inbound at 5° to go
14
Flying the arc with VOR
•
Maintaining a DME arc (RMI)
• Keep bearing indicator near the wingtip
• When it falls 5° behind the wingtip turn 10°
toward the aid (Lag 5° - turn 10°)
• Monitor distance and turn earlier or later as
required to maintain ± 1 nm
• If there is any crosswind, heading into wind
will shift the abeam reference either ahead or
behind the wingtip
• NB: the drift angle will vary as heading
changes
SOPs – inbound
•
Continue descent to maintain advisory profile
•
•
Do not descend below the base turn restricting
altitude until within the specified distance and ± 5° of
the inbound.
ROD ≈ ½ x G/S x 10
16
SOPs – inbound
Before FAF:
Change CDI source to VOR
MDA + 1000’:
Reduce power & slow down
Set missed approach altitude
MDA + 500’:
Finals checks (Flap T/O)
MDA + 100’:
Autopilot off
17
SOPs – missed approach
•
Pitch up / Power up / After T/O checks
•
TTTT
• Twiddle:
• Turn:
• Time:
• Talk:
MAP track / activate MAP
hdg bug and a/c
not required
“Msy … climbing to … ft”
18
SOPs – visual
•
•
•
Continue descent as required
Finals checks again (LDG flap)
KDP5 at 300ft AGL
19
Aircraft Management
•
•
•
Smooth use of controls
• AP in NAV mode for approach
• Centre the heading bug & select HDG mode
before changing CDI source
Fuel management
Icing awareness
20
Human Factors / Airmanship
•
•
•
•
•
Thorough preparation
• Radio procedures
(AIP-ENR 1.1)
• Practise TOD & arc
calculations
Situational Awareness
LISTENOUT
LOOKOUT (safety pilot)
SOP’s (TTTT)
21

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