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HYDRAHULU; ELVQETER
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INVENTORS
HOWARD RFISCHER
EDWARD W. STEVENS
ATTOR NEY
DSC» 19, 1944»
H. R. FISCHER ET AL
2,365,537
HYDRAULIC RIVETERV
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Original Filed Nov. 18. 1939
lO Sheets-Sheet 2
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EDWARD W. STEVE NS
BY
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ATTORNEY
D¢¢- 19, 1944-
H. R. FISCHER ET AL
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HYDRAULIC RIVETER
Original Filed NOV. 18, 1939
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INVENTORS
HowARD RFlscHER
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Dec. 19, 1944.
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H. R. FISCHER ET AL
2,365,537
HYDRAULIC RIVETER
original Filed Nov. 18, 1939
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Dec. 19, 1944.V
H. R, FISCHER `ET AL
2,365,537
HYDRAULIC RIVETER
Original Filed Nov. 18, 1939
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INVENTORS
HOWARD R` FISCHER
EDWARD W. STEVENS
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ATTOR N EY
Dec. 19, 1944.
H. R. FISCHER ET AL
2,365,537
HYDRAULIC RIVETER
Original Filed Nov. 18, 1939
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Dec. 19, 1944.
H. R. FISCHER ET AL
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Dec. 19, 1944.
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HYDRAULIC RIVETER
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H. R. FISCHER ET AL -,
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HYDRAULIC RIVETER
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INVENTORS
HOWARD R. FISCHER
EDWARD W. STEVENS
ATîoRN EY
DeC- 19, 1944-
H. R.- FlscHER ET AL
2,355,537
HYDRAUL I C RI VETER
Original Filed Nov. 18, 1939
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INVENTORS
HOWARD R.FISCHER
EDWARD W. STEVENS
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2,365,537
Patented Dec. 19, 1944
»UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE
2,365,537
HYDRAULIC RIVETER
Howard R. Fischer and Edward W. Stevens, De
troit, Mich., assignors to Chicago Pneumatic
Tool Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation
of New Jersey
Original application November 18, 1939, Serial No.
305,204. Divided and this application August
l5, 1942, Serial No. 454,973
12 Claims.
This invention relates generally to compres
r (Cl. 78-48)
in order that a maximum of efficiency may be
sion riveting and like machines and more par
ticularly to a machine of this class having a port
able power generating unit to which one or a plu
attained in heading rivets of different size;
3. >Automatic means, capable of operation prior
rality of riveting units may be attached.
According to a feature of the present inven
tion, the power generating unit comprises, in
addition to the hydraulic system for effecting
position, thereby speeding up operations in which
to the release of the manipulative trigger, for re
turning the power and riveting pistons to normal
a number of rivets are headed in rapid succes
sion; and
,
.4. Control mechanism associated with the hy
draulic system for maintaining automatically a
io
trolled compressed air system for actuating the
proper balance of oil in the various sections of
operation of the riveting unit, a valvular con
hydraulic system.
This is a division of applicati-on Serial No.
305,204, ñled November 18, 1939, in which the
the system.
v
Other objects of the invention, additional fea
tion is claimed. This case is directed to the rivet
tures of novelty, and structural details of the ma
chine will be more apparent from the following
description when read in conjunction with the
ing unit and the means for operating the riveting
accompanying drawings, wherein:
pressure fluid distributing system of the inven
piston therein. Adistinguishing feature of the
riveter is its connection to the power generating
unit by three hose lines. Through two of the
lines oil is delivered to opposite ends of the piston
cylinder while the third line contains compressed
air. By manipulation of control means on the
riveter the air in the third line is exhausted
Fig. 1 is a View, in perspective, of the power
generating unit and riveting unit completely as
sembled and ready for operation;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view >of a riveting unit
of modified construction;
Fig. 3 is a view, partly in section and partly
in elevation, of the power generating unit;
Fig. 4 is a view, in elevation, of the head section
therefrom at varying rates of speed thereby to 25
and a fragmentary portion of the cylinder of the
control operation of the pressure generator which
initiates a flow of oil alternately through the first
power generating unit;
Fig. 5 is a view, in section, of the head of the
two lines during a riveting cycle.
power generating unit, and is taken substantial
The principal object of the invention is to pro
duce a small compact riveting assembly that is 30 ly along the line 5-5 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is a view looking downward through the
completely automatic in its operation and which
base of the power generating unit and is taken
may be readily adapted for use in different classes
substantially along the line 6_6 of Fig. 3;
of riveting work.
Fig. 7 is a' sectional view taken substantially
A more specific object of the invention is to
permit control of the assembly through the rivet 35 along the broken line 1-1 of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a detail view of a certain valve control
setting and rivet heading stages of a rivet instal
mechanism which functions to maintain a proper
lation by manipulation of a trigger on the rivet
balance of oil in the oil reservoirs looking in the
ing unit.
.
direction of the arrows 8 in Fig. 6;
Another object of the invention is to construct
Fig. 9 is a detail view of a shut off valve and is
the riveter of a plurality of sub-units which are 40
adjustable and interchangeable to permit modi- l taken substantially along the line 9-9 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 10 is a detail view, in section, of the two
iication of the riveter in accordance with the re
way valve assembly;
quirements of a particular class of work.
Fig. 11 is a detail view, in isometric, of one of
A further object is to embody in the assembly
a two-way valve mechanism for conditioning for 45 the valve stems embodied `in the two-way valve
operation alternatively e'ither of a pair of riveting
units, attached to the power generating unit.
Numerous features of novelty are embodied in
the machine, some of which are:
assembly;
4
Fig. 12 is a detail view, in section, of a reducing
` valve assembly;
Figs. 13-15 are diagrammatic views and illus
1. A compressed air distributing system by 50 trate the machine in its respective normal, inter
which the several steps of a riveting operation are
mediate and fully actuated positions;
Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic >detail view of the
controlled automatically, and which auto
return valve in actuated position; and
matically terminates a cycle of operation;
Fig. 17 is a view, chiefly in section, of the rivet
2. An adjustable means for varying the peak
pressure obtainable in the compressed air »system 55 ing unit shown in Fig. l.
2"
2,365,537
The machine is shown in Fig. 1 completely as
sembled and ready for operation.
The riveting
unit and the power generating unit are indicated
generally therein by the respective numerals 20
and 2 E. The riveting unit 2@ is connected to the
power unit 2l by a plurality of pressure fluid con
ducting hose lines and is adapted for man-ual
manipulation, independently of the power unit,
anywhere within the range of the hose lines.
Each unit 2U and 2l is a complete assembly in
itself but is formed of several cooperating sec
tions or ,sub-units, each detachable from the
other, to facilitate assembly and replacement, or
pin 46 which projects through an annular recess
in plunger 45 to limit its movement in both di
rections. A plurality of circumferentially spaced
bores 4'! extend radially inward from the annular
groove 4l and are arranged selectively to receive
a locking plug 4B, if it is desired to inhibit swivel
movement and hold the yoke 25 in a selected posi
tion of adjustment relative to cylinder 23 and
handle 22.
The piston rod 24 extends through the lower
end of the cylinder extension 36 and overlies an
anvil head 49 formed on the yoke 25. In accord
ance with the usual construction of devices of
this type a replaceable contact head or die 5l is
ly, a handle 22, a cylinder 23, a piston assembly 15 positioned in the lower end of the rod 24 and a
including a piston rod 24, and a yoke 25. The
similar die 52 is positioned in the anvil head 49.
several sections of the power unit include a head
It
will further be noted, in connection with the
26, in which the principal control valves are
servicing. The riveting unit 25 comprises, broad
piston assembly construction, that the piston rod
mounted, an intermediate section comprising the
main compression cylinder 27, and a base section 20 24 is detachably secured to the piston head 35,
in order that it may be removed for individual
28 in which >is formed the oil reservoirs, pressure
servicing in any respect. The upper end of the
outlets and `other elements and mechanisms to be
piston rod 24 is formed with a head 53 which ex
described later with greater particularity. The
tends into a recess 54 formed in the piston head
power unit is mounted upon casters 23 to permit
the unit to be moved easily Vfrom one working 25 35. A plurality of locking balls 55 are positioned
below the head 53, in a groove cut in the inner
point to another.
_
wall of the piston'head 35, and normally hold the
In constructing this machine advantage has
piston rod 24 with its head 53 locked within the
been taken of all known mechanical expedients
recess 54. A removable retaining ring 56 is also
to insure a maximum of efñciency in its opera
positioned within the recess 54, below the locking
tion. In the specification, no specific mention is
made ordinarily of elements such as piston rings 30 balls 55, and serves to retain the balls in locking
or seals, gaskets, and the like, but it should be
understood that these elements are provided in
the machine, wherever necessary.
_
Considering ñrst the riveting unit 20 and re
ferring to Fig. 17, the handle 22 is recessed to
receive a pilot portion 30 integral with cylinder
23 and extending therefrom atan angle of 45
degrees relative to the axis of the main part of
the cylinder. The handle 22 and cylinder 23 are
secured together by means of screws 3| and are
so aligned that the ?luidconducting passageways
formed in each element are joined to form, in
effect, twopassageways 32 and 33 leading respec
tively into the upper and lower ends of a piston
chamber 34 formed in the cylinder 23. Recipro
cable within the piston chamber 34 is a piston
head 35 movable from end to end of the chamber
under the force of oil pressure supplied alter
nately through the passageways 32 and 33. The
piston rod 24 is secured to the piston head and
extends downwardly through a bushing or cylin
der extension 35 screwed into the lower end of
the cylinder 23. The upper end of the extension
3B closes the lower end of the cylinder 23 to form
the piston chamber 34. Packing 3l positioned
within the extension 3S. about the piston rod 24,
acts to prevent the seepage of oil downward be
tween the rod and the extension. Extension 36
projects below the cylinder23 and the projecting
portion thereof passes through a bore 33 formed
in the upper end of the yoke 25, thus establishing
a swivel connection between the extension and
the yoke. In order that the yoke may be held
from slipping off the. extension a split locking
ring 35 is provided which ñts into complementary
position.
An important, feature of the riveting unit is
the ease with which it may be adapted for use
in operations of varying requirements. Each of
the principal elements of the unit is interchange
able with other elements of different construction
and a variety of combinations of these elements
may be produced. In Fig. 2, for example, o-ne of
a variety of different types of yokes is shown
which may be used in place of the one illustrated
in Fig. 17, In Fig. 2 the anvil head 49 oi’ the
yoke is set out of alignment with the piston rod
24, which acts thereon through an auxiliary arm
5'! pivoted on the yoke at 58 and urged into con
tact with the rod by a spring 53. The cylinders
23 vary chiefly in the diameter of their pressure
chambers 33 and the selection of a particular
cylinder is determined by the size of the rivets to
be headed. The handle 22 is also replaceable
and may be secured to the cylinder 23 in either
of two positions, one of which is illustrated in
Fig. 17, and the other in Fig. 2. In Fig. 17, the
handle extends at a right angle to the cylinder
and may be shifted to the Fig. 2 position merely
-î by removing the screws 3| and reinserting them
after turning the handle through an arc of 180`
degrees relatively to the cylinder about the axis
of pilot portion 30. It will be noted that the sepa
rate passages in the cylinder 23 and handle 22
which comprise the passageway 33 are placed in
communication with each other through an an
nular groove 6l surrounding pilot 30 and formed
by the alignment of individual recesses in the
adjacent ends of the cylinder and handle. ` Thus,
~ the handle 22 may be turned to any extent rela
tively to the cylinder 23 land communication be
tween the passages comprising passageway 33 will
The yoke 25 is normally locked against axial
always
be maintained through the groove 6l.
movement relative to the extension by an annu
Mounted within the handle 22 is the throttle
lar groove 4l in the extension cooperating with
control mechanism comprising a throttle valve
a lock plunger 42 which ñts a radial bore 43 in
32 and a control lever or trigger 63 for operating
the yoke. A screw 44, secured in the bore 43,
the valve. The valve 62 is movable within a
supports a spring pressed plunger 45 which acts
bushing 54, positioned within a bore 65 to which
against the lock plunger 42 to hold it in the `an
nular groove 4l. Screw 44 supports a transverse 75 live pressure fluid such as compressed air is di
rected by means later to be described. The bush
recesses or grooves cut in the extension and yoke.
2,365,537
ing 64 is open to atmosphere through a port 66
formed therein and the valve 62 controls the flow
of air from the bore 65, through the bushing 64
and out the port 69. The valve 92 is urged to
closed position by a spring 61 and normally pre
3
grammatically in Figs. 13, 14 and 15. Air is sup
plied directly also to the lower end of distributing
valve 82 by means of a passage 92 leading from
main air passage 14 into a chamber 93 formed
within the closure plate 81 which encloses this
end of the valve (see Fig. 5). A downwardly eX
tending
rod 94 is secured to the lower end of the
throttle control trigger 63 is pivoted, at 68, to an
valve 82 and supports a collar 95 at its lower
inner surface of the‘handle 22 and is formed with
end. Compressed between the collar 95 and an
a shoulder 63a which engages the rearmost end
of the valve 62. A clockwise movement of the 10 abutment 96, secured to the lower end of bushing
8'5, is a spring 91 which by reason of its ar
trigger 63, as viewed in Fig. 1'1, serves to move
rangement urges the valve 82 downward, to the
the valve 62 to opened position. With the valve
position shown in Fig. 13. Normally, line pres
$2 in opened position, air is permitted to pass
sure is acting also on the upper end of valve 82,
from the bore 65 through the bushing t4 and out
thereby balancing the pressure below the valve,
the port 65 to atmosphere. This escape of pres
and the spring 91 is free to hold the valve down
sure fluid occasions a drop in line pressure in the
ward in the position shown in Fig. 13. If the air
power generating unit which, in a manner later
pressure above the valve 82 is reduced below line
to be described, conditions the machine for a
pressure the valve will be forced upward, against
cycle of operation. In Fig. 1’1, the valve 52 and
the tension of spring 91, a distance determined
trigger 63 are shown in fully operated position,
by the extent of the reduction of pressure above
while the normal position of the trigger is indi- >
the valve. Air is directed to the upper end of
cated in dot-dash outline.
distributing valve 82 through a series of ports and
As shown in Fig. 1, a hose line 69 is connected
passageways controlled by the automatic return
to the base 28 of the power unit 2l. Compressed
valve 8|. A port 9B connects the main air pas
air, generated by means not shown herein, is in
sage 14 to a groove 99 cut longitudinally in the
troduced through the hose line 69 into a cham
outer surface of return valve bushing 84. The
ber 1| formed in the base 28. From the cham
air passes from groove 99 through a pair of ports
ber 1| the air passes upward through a pas
||l| in the bushing 84, around a reduced portion
sage 12 in cylinder casingf21 and into the head
of valve 8| and through a port |92, formed in the
section 26 through an inlet 13 (Fig. 5) formedv
oppostie side of the bushing, into a second bush
therein. Inlet 13 opens into a longitudinal main
ing groove "193. A passage |94 connects the
air passage 14 in head 215 and extending into the
groove |03 to a chamber |05 formed about the
main air passage is a hose coupling 15 to which
upper reduced portion of valve bushing 85 and
is attached an intermediate thro-ttle hose 1B
(Fig. 1). As shown in Fig. 1 the hose 16 eX- :.' thus, in the normal position of the parts, line
pressure is suppled constantly to the chamber
tends downward and into a two-way valve assem
|05.
bly 11, later to be described. Extending from
A metering oriñce |96 is positioned within the
the valve assembly 11 is a main throttle hose 18
air passage 14 intermediate the main inlet 13 and
connected to a coupling 19 (Fig. 17) which is
hose coupling 15 so that the unseating of throt
threaded into the previously mentioned bore 65
tle control valve 62, in riveting unit 29, causes an
formed in riveter handle 22. The line pressure
immediate drop in pressure in the line between
of main air passage 14 is thus maintained, nor
-metering
oriiice |06 and bore 65, since the air
mally, also in bore 55. '
cannot pass through the oriñce |06 as rapidly
Referring to Fig. 5 and the diagrammatic views,
Figs. 13-15 inclusive, it will be seen that the is. in as it escapes through port 66. The extent of
pressure reduction in this line is determined by
several control valves mounted in the head 26
the extent of actuation given the trigger 63. Port
comprise an automatic return valve 8|, a dis
98 communicates with air passage 14 at a point
tributing valve 82 and a preiill valve 93, so named
vents the escape of air from the bore 65.
The
for reasons which will hereinafter more clearly
appear. These valves are movable within respec
tive cylindrical bushings 34, 85 and 36, each of
which is open at both ends in order that air may
be introduced therein above and below its re
spective valve. Each assembly comprising a valve
and valve bushing is mounted in a respective bore
cut transversely through the head 26. The op
posite ends of each bore are closed by closure
plates t1 (Fig. 5) appropriately formed to en
close the ends of the valve bushings and to per
mit freedom of movement of the valves.
The valves 8|, 32 and |33 are controlled by in»
dividual springs and by pressure fluid supplied
either directly or indirectly from air passage 14.
within the area of reduced pressure so that the
drop in pressure occasioned by operation of the
trigger 63 is reflected also in the ports and passageways leading to chamber |05, above valve 82,
and in the chamber itself.
In initiating a cycle of machine operation the
' trigger 93 may be fully actuated in a single mo
tion or it may be momentarily held in a partially
actuated position before completing the full
stroke. Since a riveting operation consists of a
first stage, in which the rivet is set, and a second
stage, in which the rivet is headed, the operation
of the machine will be described as consisting of
separate stages, the first of which is initiated by a
movement of the trigger 63 through a portion of
its stroke and the second upon the completion of
Referring to Fig. 13, wherein the valves are
shown in normal position, it will be seen that 65 the trigger stroke. In Fig. 14 the machine is
shown in its ñrst stage, or rivet setting operation,
air is supplied directly to the upper end of pre~
with the trigger c3 moved to an initial position
ûll valve 83 through a port 88 connecting passage
intermediate its normal and fully actuated po
14 and a chamber 89 formed about the upper re
sitions. As shown therein the reduction of pres
duced portion of prefill valve bushing Sit. The
sure within chamber |05 has caused the valve 82
valve 83 is thus normally held downward, against
to move a short distance upward where it is held
the tension of a spring 9|, by line pressure act~
by a seco-nd compression spring I 91 placed be*
ing on the upper end of the valve; it being under
tween an abutment collar |93 engaging the lower
stood that expressions such as “upper” and
end of the valve, and the previously mentioned
“downward” when used in this part of the de
,collar or spring base 95. In the normal position
scription, refer to the positions illustrated dia
2,365,537
- of rthe valve '82 the .spring |81is >without‘eiiîect
since no relative movement between the valve
and'the collar |88 is possible until the collar en
gages the abutment S8.
This occurs upon com
pletion of the initial upward movement of the
valve 82 and it will beevident that further up
ward movement of the valve must be accom
is performed after the rivet setting stage of the
operation and may take place before or after
the ports |22 are uncovered by the preiill valve.
In Fig. l5, the trigger 63 is shown fully actuated
and the throttle control valve >62 completely
open. The drop in pressure between the riveting
unit
and the metering oriiice |86 is considerable,
plished against the combined action of springs 91
at this time, and, as reflected in chamber |05
and |81. With the valve 82 in the intermediate
above the distributing valve 82, is suiiicient to
position shown in Fig. 14 the live air acting upon 10 permit the valve 82 to be moved to its extreme
the lower end of the valve is permitted to pass
upward position against the tension of the two
through a port |59 in abutment collar 88, around
the reduced lower end of the valve and through
a pair of ports HI into an annular groove H2
springs 91 and |01. This movement of the valve
82 from its Fig. 14 position to its Fig. 15 position
serves to uncover the ports |21 and permit air
formed in the outer surface of the bushing 85. lA 15 to flow through the ports around a reduced por
passageway || 3 leads from the groove || 2 to a
tion of the valve and through a second set of
chamber | |13 formed around the reduced lower
ports |28 into another annular groove |29, formed
end of preiill valve bushing 88 so that upon the
in the bushing 85. Communicating with the
initial movement of distributing valve 82 line
groove |29 is a passageway |3I which extends
pressure is established in chamber H41. Extend 20 downward and opens into a main compression
ing from the chamber | ill> is a passageway H5
chamber |32 containing a piston assembly in
which leads downward through the intermediate
cluding a piston head |33 and rod |34. Normal
section of the unit to the base and opens into a
ly, and during the rivet setting stage of opera
preñll reservoir lili containing a suitable liquid,
tion, the piston assembly in chamber |32 occu
such as oil. Live air pressure acting upon the 25 pies the position shown in Figs. 13 and 14. How
oil in reservoir |95 forces the oil through a pas
ever, upon the extreme upward movement of the
sageway ||1 into a pressure chamber ||8 and
distributing valve, line pressure passing through
thence through means, including a hose line HS,
the above described ports and passageways en
t0 handle 22 of riveting unit 28. In handle 22
ters the upper end of chamber | 32 and drives the
the oil is driven through the passageway 32 and 30 lpiston assembly downward, as is illustrated in
into the upper end of piston chamber 35|, forcing
.piston head 35 and rod 28 downward to set the
rivet. The hydraulic system is actuated at this
time solely by air pressure within the reservoir
HB so that the pressure obtained in pressure
chamber 31| is relatively small and insufficient to
actually head the rivet.
Fig. 15. Piston rod |34 extends downward into
the oil pressure chamber ||8 and, in moving
through the chamber, forces oil at great pressure
through the passageways leading into riveting
piston chamber 34 to drive the riveting piston as
sembly downward and complete the rivet head
ing operation. If, for any reason, it should be
desired to prolong the rivet heading operation
.beyond the normal time in which this operation
Returning now to a consideration oi the pre
rlll valve 83 it will be observed that while air is
passing from chamber H4 down to the reservoir 40 is performed a means is provided for reducing
||6,. air is also seeping slowly between the inner
the iiow of air to the chamber |32 to increase
edges of bushing 88 and a projection |21 of
the time required to build up sufficient pressure
slightly less diameter than that represented by
therein to operate the piston assembly. This
the inner edges of the bushing. Thus, while the
means resides in a set screw |38 adapted to en
rivet setting operation is in progress, pressure 45 gage the upper end of the preñll valve 83 to limit
gradually builds up below the preñll valve 83 and,
the upward movement of the valve. As shown
as the gradually increasing pressure counterbal
in Fig. 5, the screw |38 extends through the plate
ances the line pressure acting on top of the valve,
81 enclosing the upper end of preñll valve bush
the spring 9| moves the valve upward. The up
ing 85 and may be manually set to any desired
ward movement of the valve 83 is further re
position of adjustment. When the valve 83 is
tarded by reason of the fact that the air, above
prevented from completing its upward movement,
the valve, can escape only through a narrow
the ports |22, controlled by the valve, are only
opening between the upper end of the valve bush
partially opened andthe ilow of air through the
ing and the closure plate 81, similar to the open
ports is accordingly reduced.
ing between the lower end of the bushing and pro- .
The rivet heading operation being now com
jection 52|. The valve S3 is shown in Fig. 14 in
plete, the trigger 63 may be released. Upon re
an intermediate position with its upper end still
lease of the trigger, the air in the passageway
closing a pair of ports |22 communicating with
18 between the riveting unit and the metering ori
the Lipper chamber S9 which receives line pres
ñce |88 will build up to line pressure and this
sure through port 88 directly from the main air 60 pressure can be used to return the distributing
passage 14. When the preñll valve has moved
valve 82 to its normal position, thereby cutting
upward a slightly further distance it will un
off the flow of air to the main compression cham
cover the ports |22, allowing air to flow through
ber |32 and preñllreservoir H6. However, an
the ports around a reduced portion of the valve
automatic control means, which acts independ
and through another pair of ports |23 into an an 65 ently of the trigger 63, is provided for returning
nular groove |24 formed in the bushing 8B. The
the valve 82 when a predetermined point of peak
groove |28 is connected, by means of a passage
pressure is reached in the chamber |32. 'Re
|25, to an annular groove |28`formed in the dis
ferring to Fig. 15, a second passageway |35 opens
tributing valve bushing 85. The groove |26 com
into the upper end of the chamber |32 and eX
municates with the interior of the bushing B5 70 tends upward into a bore |38 formed in the head
through a set of po-rts |21 which are closed by
28. Positioned within the bore |38 is a valve |31
the head of the distributing Valve in its normal
which normally closes the passageway |35 and is
and intermediate positions.
urged to closed position by a spring |38. An ad
When operating thecontrol trigger 63 in two
justing screw |38 also extends into the bore |38l
steps the second step, to fully actuated position,J 75 and acts upon the spring |38 to increase or
5
2,365,537
lessen the pressure with which it urges the valve
|31 to closed position. Thus, when the pressure
in chamber |32 reaches a sufliciently high point
to force valve |31 off its seat, air is permitted to
pass from the chamber into the bore |36 and
from there through a passage |4| into a chamber
|42 below the automatic return valve 8|. The
pressure fluid thus introduced into chamber |42
immediately forces the valve8| upwards, against
the tension of a spring |43, into the position
shown in Fig. 16. As shown in the latter figure,
the valve, when in its upper position, closes the
port |82, leading into groove |63, but estab
lishes communication between this groove and
the interior of the bushing 84 through another
valve 8|, is positively cut off from the cham
ber |32.
`
In order that the Valve 8| may be retained in
its upper, or actuated position, for the time nec
essary to accomplish the return of the distribut
ing valve 82, a small opening |51 is formed in the
lower reduced portion of the valve 8| which com
municates with a bore |58 drilled in the lower
`end of ‘the valve. Pressure fluid from port |45
10 thus passes also through the opening |51 and
bore |58 into the chamber |42 and acts upon the
lower end of the valve 8|. After the closing of
relief valve |31 air 'is supplied to the chamber
|42 only through the opening |51.
`
If, and as long as, the operator, subsequent to
-the completion of the rivet heading stroke of pis
port |44. Also formed in the bushing 84, oppo
tons |33 and 35, continues to hold the throttle
site the port |44 and opened by upward move
valve 62 open, the automatic return valve 8| will
ment of the valve, is a port |45 communicating
be held in its upper or operated position illus
with a passageway |46 leading directly from the
main air passage 14. The passageway |46 opens 20 trated in Fig. 16 by the preponderance of the
pressure of substantially live air, delivered
into the main air passage at a point between the
through opening |51 and bore |58, over the op
air inlet 13 and metering orifice |56 so that
posing combined pressures of spring |43 and
full line pressure may pass through passageway
fluid under reduced pressure. Under these con
|46 and port |45 around a lower reduced por
tion of valve 8| and then through port |44 into 25 ditions such reduced pressure, in hose 18 and
associated passages, does not initiate a new cycle
groove |63. From groove|63 the air flows, of
of operation as before, because the automatic
course, through passage |64 into chamber |95
return valve 8| is now positioned to deliver live
above the distributing valve 82, forcing this valve
air through passage |84 to the upper end of dis
downward to the normal position of Fig. 13 and
thereby closing ports |21 and ||| to stop the 30 tributing valve 82. Upon release of throttle valve
62 to closed position, air pressure in hose 18
flow of pressure fluid to chambers |32 and ||6
builds up to line pressure to balance the fluid
respectively.
pressures at the ends of valve 8| and permits the
Still referring to Fig. 16, it will be seen that
spring |43 to restore it to the normal (Fig. 13)
the air of reduced pressure below the metering
position. The auxiliary passage |53, associated
oriñce |86 flows from groove 98 in bushing 84 ‘
with metering orifice |54, performs an important,
through the upper one of the ports lui, around
though not indispensable, function in augment
the upper reduced portion of the valve 8| and
ing
the rise in pressure in hose 18 with the con
then through a passage |41, formed in the bush
sequent restoration of valve 8| to normal, fol
ing, into a chamber |48 above the valve. As the
air in chamber |48 builds up to a sufficient pres 40 lowing the close of throttle valve 62. The oper
ator, therefore, may reopen the throttle valve to
sure to balance the pressure acting upon the
head4 a new rivet without any appreciable delay
`lower end of the valve, the spring |43 returns the
on account of the'restoration of valve 8| sub
valve downward to its normal position. This
sequent to the closing of the throttle valve.
occurs upon the closing of the throttle valve 62.
The return stroke of the main driving piston
In order to speed up the return action of the 45
|33-|34 begins immediately upon the return of
valve 8|, an auxiliary return connection may be
the distributing valve 82 to normal. Since the
provided. The bushing 84 is formed with a
driving piston encounters less resistance on its
port |49, normally closed by the valve 8|, com
return than on its power stroke, reduced pres
municating with a passage 15| leading into an
sure may be used for its return, thereby effecting
opening |52 (Fig. 5) from which extends an 50 a saving in compressed air. As shown in Fig.
other passage |53 opening into the main air
13, in the normal position ofthe valve 82 air, at
passage 14 below the metering orifice |86. Up
line pressure, flows through a branch |58 of the
on movement of the valve 8|, the lower reduced
passageway 92 into an annular groove |6| in dis
portion thereof is placed opposite the port |49
tributing
valve bushing 85. From groove I6 I', the
and line pressure passing around this reduced 55 air passes through a set of ports |62, around a
portion from port |45 is admitted through the
reduced portion of the valve 82 and out a set of
port |49 to passages |5| and |53. A metering
ports |63 into a second annular groove |64. A
ori?ce |54 is positioned in the opening |52 (Fig.
downwardly extending passageway |65 communi
5) and delivers, at a restricted rate, compressed
Cates with the groove |64 and a branch |66 of
60
air into passage |53 and hose 18, thereby com’
the passageway leads into a bore |61 formed in >
a projecting portion |66 of the cylinder 21 (see
plementing the action of orifice |86.
Figs. 3 and 12). Positioned within the bore |61
1t is also desirable, for quick and efficient oper
is a well-known type of` reducing valve assembly
ation of the machine, that the relief valve |31 be
returned to its seat immediately after it has per 65 |68, having a valve |69 movable within a bush
‘ formed the function of causing the operation of
ing |1| to control the flow of air into passage |12.
valve 8| to the Fig. 16 position. To insure prompt A An adjustable spring |13 presses upon the lower
surface of a diaphragm |14 to urge the Valve
action of valve |31 line pressure, when admitted
|69 to open position while air entering the open
through port |49, in bushing 84, is also admitted
through a similarly formed port |551 to a pas 70 upper end of bushing |1| acts upon the upper end
of the valve to close it when the diaphragm is
sageway |56 leading into the bore |36 at a point
forced downward. The air iiows'into the upper
to the rear of the valve |31. The combined ac
end of bore |61, through a set of ports |16, in the
tion of the spring |38 and air at line pressure
bushing |11, and past the valve |69 to the pas
thus produces an ample force for the return of
the relief valve, and chamber |42, below the 75 sage |12 where it is directed to the lower end of
6
253,615,537
bore l|61 and ~out a passage |11. In passing from
passage |12 to passage |11 the air acts on the
bly downward substantially to its Fig. l5 position,
with a pressure of several tons. ~ In order that the
upper surface of the diaphragm |14 and presses
riveting piston may be retuined to its normal
it downward against the tension of spring |13.
position after each rivet heading operation, oil is
The valve |69 is thusV allowed to move downward
supplied through passageway 33, in the riveting
to a partly closed position and, as a result, the
unit, to the lower end ofnthe pressure chamber
pressure of the air passing from thel lower' end
34 below the piston head 35. Referring to Figs.
of bore l61 is substantially less than that of the
13-15, there is provided in the base section 28
air entering the upper end of the bore. The
of ‘the power unit, a return oil reservoir |9| into
passage |11 opens into the lower end of com' 10 the upper end of which opens the passageway |85.
pression chamber |32, ‘below the piston head |33,
In the normal position of the distributing valve
and the _air of reduced pressure thus introduced
82 (Fig. 13) air under line pressure ñows through
below the piston head serves to return the piston
this passageway and thence through parallel
to its normal upper position.
branches to serve the dual purpose of returning
Provision is made for directing air, trapped on 115 the driving piston |33---|34 and acting upon the
either side of the piston head |33, to exhaust.
oil in reservoir |9| to effect the return of the riv
Referring to Fig. 1,3, it will be seenthat during
eting piston. Reservoir |9| is in communication
the upward travel of the piston 13B-|34, the air
with an oil pressure chamber |92 in which is
above the piston isl forced out of the chamber
mounted a return piston |93. Upon the intro
through the passageway |3| and enters groove ‘
duction of 'live air into the reservoir 19| the oil
| 29. From groove |29 the air passes through
therein is forced downward into the pressure
ports Y|28 aroundv the upper reduced portion of
chamber |92 where it acts upon the base of the
valve 82 and out a pair of ports |18 into an an
piston |93 to force it upwards. As the piston |93
nular groove |19 formed in the bushing 85.
moves upward oil above it is forced through
Communicating with groove |19 is a passageway
means including a hose line |94 to the riveting
|8| leading, in a manner not shown herein, to, an
handle 22 where itis conducted by means oi
exhaust chamber |82 (see Figs. 6 and '1.) formed
passageway
33 tothe pressure chamber 34 where
in the base 28. Extending into the chamber
it returns the piston assembly therein to the nor
|82, through an opening in the Ybase plate |80,
mal position yof Fig. 13. It will be recalled that
is a muffler comprising a perforated retainer |83 30
upon the first step (Fig. 14) of the distributing
ñlled with copper wool or a like substance.
A
closure plate |84 covers the lower end of the reT
tainer |83 and exhaust air is permitted to pass
through the retainer and out openings |85 in the
valve 82 to actuated position the ports- |82, by
which live air is conducted to the passageway |65,
are closed and line pressure is hence cut off from
the reservoir |9|. Further, the passageway |35
plate |84, to atmosphere. During the downward 35 is
opened to exhaust at this time so that no air
movement of the piston ISS-|34, the distribut
pressure opposes the riveting piston as it descends
ing valve 82 is in its uppermost po-sition and, as
shown in Fig. 15, the exhaust port y|18 is, at this
toits rivet setting and rivet heading positions. On
bel' |_82,v_ia passages |11, |66, |65, etc.
It Vis also desirable that chamber I |4, below the
prei-lll valve 8,3, be connected to exhaust in the
normal position .pf the machine in order that the
passes back through passageway 33, hose |98, and
the return stroke of the piston head 35 the oil
time, opposite a lower reduced portion of the
valve and is thus in .communication with the 40 above it retraces its path through passageway 32,
hose H9, and back to the preñll reservoir H8,
ports and passageways leading into the lower
which is open to exhaust at this time through
end of _compression chamber |32. During this
chamber | I4, below preñll valve 83. On the actu
portion of the cycle, therefore, the air' below the
ating stroke of piston head 35, the oil below it
piston head |33 is driven to the exhaust cham
on to pressure chamber |92 where it assists in
.oil in reservoir | I6 may return to its normal level.
Thereforaan opening |86 is formed in a grooved
moving the piston |93 downward to the position
shown in Fig. 14. The primary force in lowering
the piston |93 is oil from the prei-lll reservoir l IB,
introduced through a connecting passageway |95Y
portion of the distributing valve 82 and commu
point above the head of the piston.
nicating with the opening is a longitudinal bore
|81 in the valve. In the normal position of the
valve 82 (Fig. 1,3) the opening |86 therein lies
opposite ay pair of ports |88, in the bushing 85,
which communicate with the previously men
tioned _annular groove ||2. Exhaust air is then
free to ñow from chamber ||4 through the con
necting ports andv passageways to opening |86
and then through longitudinal bore |81. At the
upper end of bore |81, another opening |89 is
. formed in the valve 82 and the air from bore |81
passes out this opening, around the upper re
which opens into the pressure chamber |92 at a
In order that a proper balance of oil may be
maintained in the various sections of the hydra
lic system certain valvular control mechanisms
' are provided. As shown in Figs. 3 and 6, the re
turn reservoir |9| and pressure chamber |92 are
separated by a wall of the base casting, which
does not, however, quite reach the base plate |88
and so permits constant communication between
the lower end of the reservoir and the lower end
of the chamber. Referring particularly to Fig. 3,
the piston |93 is formed with a bore |91 which
extends throughout the length of the piston and
communicates, through a pair of ports |98, with
port |18.
.
65 `the lower end of chamber |92 below the head of
Turning now to a further consideration of the
the piston. Supported within the bore |91 is a
hydraulic system it will be remembered that the
bushing |99 in which is mounted a valve 28 l. The
initial movement of the oil takes place during the
valve 28| is movable within the bushing |99 to
first or rivet setting stage of the cycle, when live
open and close a pair ofv ports 292 by which com
air-under the usual line pressure, say, 90 pounds -70 municaticn is established between the bore |91
per square inch, is admitted to the preflll reservoir
and the upper end of chamber |92 above the pis
|-|6. Then, during the second or rivet heading
ton |93. The valve 28| is urged .to closed position
stage of the cycle, the main driving piston
by a compression spring 283 extending between a
|33---| 34 is actuated and the oil ahead of the
of bushing |99 and an abutment collar
drivingpiston. forces the riveting piston assem 75 shoulder
204 secured to the lower end of the valve, but, in
duced portion of the valve and out the exhaust
2,365,537
the operated or downward position of the piston,
the valve is held in open position by reason of the
engagement of collar 269 with base plate |86.
The operated position of the assembly is shown
..7
control the flow of oil through a narrow opening
2|3 in the block. The valves 2|| and 2|2 are
spaced slightly from the inner guide walls of the
blockv 299 to permit the oil to pass. around the
in Fig. 3 and it will be seen that, at this time, oil
may pass from the upper end of the chamber
valves to the opening 2 | 3. The valve 2 I2 is urged
upward to closed position by a spring 2|4 and is
|92, downward through the ports 292 into the bore
|91 and out the port |98 to the lower end of the
chamber |92 and to the reservoir |9I. Then, when
compressed air is admitted to the reservoir |9| to l0
passes through the opening 2 |3 and underlies the
lower end of valve 2| l. With valve 2|2 in upper
initiate a return stroke of the Iriveting piston, oil
passes from the reservoir through the ponts |98
into the bore |91 and `out the ports 292 to the
upper end of the chamber |92. When the upper
end of the chamber is filled, the oil from the 15
»
reservoir |9| acts upon the lower surface of the
head of piston |93 and forces the piston upward.
Upon the initial upward movement of the piston,
the upper end of bushing |99 engages the head of
formed with a stem or` extension 2|5 which
or closed position the extension 2|5 thereof en
gages the valve 2|| and holds it oiî its seat,
in open position. As shown in `Fig. 8 the mid
portions of the valve 2 I2 and block 209 are slotted
vertically to permit the passage of oil to and
from the valve and to receiveone end of a lever
2 I5 pivoted, at 2H, to an inner wall of the block.
The lever 2 I6 bears, at its left hand end, as viewed
in Fig. 8, a laterally extending stud 2| 8 which
passes through an opening 2|9 in the valve 2|2
valve 26|, thus closing the ports 262, and during 20 and projects into a horizontal slot 22| formed
in the block 299. The valve 2|2 may thus be
the subsequent upward movement of the piston
raised and lowered by operation of the lever 2|6
the several elements |93, |99 and 26| move to
gether as a unit and the valve remains in closed `
position. The oil above the piston |93 is forced
which is movable about its pivot point 2|? a dis
tance limited to the range of movement per
out a passageway 205 which opens into the upper 25 mitted the stud 2|8 by the opposite edges of the
slot 22 | .Y The right hand end of the lever 2|6, as
end of chamber |92 and connects, in a manner
viewed in Fig. 8, is pivotally connected to a rod
not shown herein, to the return oil hose |94
222 secured to the lower one of a pair of con
(Fig. 1).
nected buoyant elements 223 which float on the
In the present hydraulic system, as in those of
a similar class, a certain amount of oil seepage 30 surface of the oil in reservoir |9|. The rise and
fall of the oil in this reservoir is reflected, there
takes placeabout the piston head 35 in the cham
fore, in a corresponding movement of the lever
ber 39. In general, the seepage in one direction
2|6 and a consequent downward or upward
past the piston is counteracted by seepage in the
movement of the valve 2|2. When the oil level
opposite direction during a different part of the
cycle but, as a practical matter, real equality of 35 in reservoir |9l rises suñiciently to cause the
opening of valve 2|2 oil may pass from the res
balance is rarely if ever attained. Thus, in the
ervoir, through the opening 2|3 past valve 2|I
present instance, the amount of oil which seeps `
and through thepassages 291 and 296 to the pre
from the upper end of chamber 34 to its‘lower end
during extended operation of the machine exceeds
ñll reservoir | |6. As the oil level drops in reser
by a considerable amount of seepage which takes 40 Voir_|9| the `lever 256 is caused to move in a
place during the same period in the opposite
clockwise direction (Fig. 8) and lift valve 2|2
to closed position in which position, theV extension
protracted period, with the air pressure turned on,
2|5 thereof may lift valve 2| | off its seat to per
oil will pass from the lower end of chamber 34 to
mit oil -from the prefill reservoir to pass down
the rupper end and none at all return in the oppo 45 ward through the opening 2|?. and around valve
site direction. Excessive seepage in either direc
2|2 into the return reservoir. In order that the
tion past the piston head 35 will cause a variation
valve 2|2 may be partly unseated at this time, it
in the normal level of the oil within return reser
is permitted a slight movement relatively to the
voir |9I. Should this level go too high the oil
lever 2|6. It will be noted that the opening 2|9
may overflow into the air passages and if the level 50 in the valve, through which the stud 2 |8 is passed,
goes too low the supply therein may be insuiñ
is of slightly greater diameter than the stud»
cient to operate the return piston |93. Wide
The valve 2|2 is held in its fully closed position
variations of the oil level in reservoir |9| are,
by the spring 2M while the stud 2| 8" is held a
therefore, undesirable and, in order to confine
short distance below the upper edge of the open- _ f
variations within narrow limits certain additional
ing 2|9 by reason of its engagement with the
control mechanism is provided. As shown in
upper edge of the slot 22|. Thus the valve 2|2
Figs. 6, 'l and 8 the return reservoir |9| and the
may be moved downward a distance suñicient to
preñll reservoir ||6 are connected by a pair of
permit oil to iiow downward through the open
passageways 266 and 291, the latter of which is in
ing 2|3, even though the lever 2 I6 and buoyant
communication with a bore 268 (Fig. 7) opening 60 elements 223 be in their lowermost positions. The
into the reservoir E9 |. The passageway 201 com
relative movement of the valve 2|2, at this time,
municates also with the pressure chamber |92
is not enough to permit the valve 2| l to return to
(see Figs. 3 and 6) at a point above the head of
its seat. Valve 2| | will close only when the buoy
piston |93, so that, during the preñll operation,
oil passes ‘from the reservoir | i6 through the pas 65 ant elements 223 rise and pull valve 2 | 2 a further
distance off its seat. The exchange of oil between
sageways 206 and 29'! and acts to return the pis
the prefill reservoir and the return reservoir takes
ton |93 downward. The previously mentioned
place when compressed air is admitted to these
passageway |95, shown in Figs. 13, 14 and 1‘5, is a
respective chambers, and it will be noted that,
diagrammatic representation of the connection,
effected by passageways 206 and 291, between the 70 by reason of the construction of the valves 2||
and 2|2, an exchange of oil will take place dur
reservoir | I6 and chamber |92.
ing
each cycle of machine operation. The valves
Positioned within the bore 268 (Figs. '7 and 8)
2| | and 2 I2 cannot occupy their seats at the same
and extending below it‘into the reservoir |9| is
time and it is always possible to force oil in one
a block 299 which acts as a bushing for a pair
direction or the other through the opening 2|3,
75
of oppositely disposed valves 2|| and 2|2 which
direction. Also, if the machine stands idle for a
8
2,365,537
When live air is admitted to prefill reservoir H6
during the rivet setting portion of the cycle, oil
is forced past the valves 2'|| and 2'|2 until the oil
level in the return reservoir rises to a point where
valve 2 | 2 will be pulled fully oiï its seat and valve
2|| permitted to drop to closed position. Then
when air under pressure is admitted to the return
reservoir |9|, during the piston return or nor
malizing portion of the cycle, oil is forced past
the valves 2|2 and- 2|| into the preñll reservoir
until the oil level in the return reservoir drops
suiiìciently to permit valve2|2 to move to fully
closed position. If there is an excessive amount
of oil in the return reservoir, the valve 2|2 re
mains open for a period longer than normal If
Each of the stems 236 and 231 is formed, at one
end. with projecting lugs 238 (see Fig. 11)
adapted> to nt into correspondingly shaped re
cesses cut in the adjacent end of its associated
valve. The opposite end of each stem is cut
away to form a generally rectangular portion 239
which extends into a correspondingly shaped
slotcut in the inner end of a lever 2M which
extends outside the guide block 226 and is ac
cessible for manual operation. The valves 234
and 235, the stems 235and 237, and the operat
ing lever 25| are thus interñtting and are rotat
able as a unit.
The valve 234 is formed with a
longitudinal passage 222, _near its upper end, and
with a similar passage 2.43, near its lower end,
there is a lack of oil in the return reservoir, a cor
positioned at right angles to the vertical plane
respondingly longer time is required to pull valve
of the .upper passage. Formed in the chamber
2| 2 off its seat, during-the rivet setting stroke,
225 on opposite sides of the valve 234, adjacent
and additional oil may iiow from the preflll reser
the passage 222, is a port 2M communicating
voir past the open valve 2| |.
with the outlet 2253 and a port 265 communicat
As pointed out in the description of the riveting
ing with a passageway 26E-G leading to the air inlet
unit 25 the several sections of this unit are inter
227. Similar ports 24T and 228 are formed on
changeable and the unit may easily be adapted
opposite sides of the valve 234, adjacent the pas
to meet the requirements of any particular rivet
sage 2153, these ports leading respectively to the
ing work. Occasionally, however, a class of work
outlet 229 and the passageway 226. It will be
25
is4 encountered which requires frequent changes
evident that by rotation of the valve 234 90 de
from one type of riveting unit to another. In
grees in opposite directions communication may
such instances, the more practical manner of
be established alternatively between the passage
working is to provide a plurality of riveting units,
way 246 and the outlets 228 and 229.
each differently arranged, and to select one or
A generally similar arrangement of ports and _
30
another for use, as the work shall require. In
passageways is used to direct oil alternatively
order to simplify this manner of working the
to the outlets 232 and 233 in the projecting por
present power generating unit is so constructed
tion 2251. In this instance, however, oil passes
as to permit the attachment thereto of two rivet
directly from passageway 23E through a passage
ing units, and a manually controlled two way 35 249 in the valve 235 to the ~outlet 232, but
valve assembly is provided whereby the units may
be alternatively conditioned for operation.
passes indirectly to outlet 233 through upper and
lower openings 25| and 252 which are connected
The two way valve assembly has been previ
by a longitudinal passage 253 formed in the
ously identiñed as a unit by the reference
valve. The operating lever 24| is movable to
numeral ll (Fig. l) and is comprised in a pro 40 two different positions to rotate the valves 234
jecting portion 224 of the base casting, a valve
and 235 and the valves are so arranged that in
chamber 225, above the portion 224, and an in
one position of the lever air is directed to outlet
termediate guide `block 226 positioned between
and oil to outlet 232, while in the other posi
the elements 224 and 2,25 and secured thereto.
tion of the lever air is directed to outlet 229 and
The assembly is shown in section inFig. 10 and,
oil to outlet 233. In order that the valves 231|
as shown therein, the chamber 225 is formed
and 235 may be maintained in a proper vertical
with an air inlet 221 to which air, at reduced
position with respect to the ports and passage
pressure, is conducted from the main air pas
ways which they control, a compression spring
sage below metering orifices |06 and ¿54 through
251i is interposed between each valve and the
the intermediate throttle hose 15. Also formed 50 adjacent end of its associated stem.
in the chamber 225 is a pair of air outlets 228
The means for directing high pressure oil to
'and 229, each of which receives one end of
the two way valve assembly has not yet been
a respective main throttle hose 78. The project
fully described. As shown in Fig. 3 the pas
ing portion 221i is formedwith a high pressure
sageway 23| which extends into the projecting
Aoil passageway 2M' and a pair of outlets 232 and 55
portion 224 opens, at its other end, directly into
233 each of which receives one end of a respec
the mid-portion or the pressure chamber H8
tive oil hose its. The machine illustrated in
through which the piston rod 634 reciprocates.
Fig. l has only one riveting unit attached thereto
Gil from the preiîll reservoir H5 is introduced
but it will be evident that additional hose lines
into the chamber |58 through the passage ||'|
'i8 and |59 can be readily attached to the re
60 which communicates, through a longitudinal
spective outlets 229 and 233. A second return oil
passage 255, with a recessed portion 255 of the
hose '|82 must also be used with the second
chamber l i8. Fixed within the chamber H8 is
riveting unit and there is accordingly provided,
a bushing 25'! which covers the recess 256 and
as shown in Fig. 3, a second outlet 295 in com
extends downward to a point just above the pas
munication with the chamber |82. When only 65 sageway 2.3i'. A pair of ports 258 are formed
one riveting unit is attached to the machine,
in the bushing 25'! adjacent the recess 256. In
the second outlet 295 must be closed by a suit
the normal position of the driving piston
able plug. Returning now to a consideration of
|3'3-l3'4, the lower end of the rod |34 lies within
the valve mechanism shown in Fig. l0, there is
the upper end of the bushing 25l just above the
positioned within the chamber 225 a valve 234, 70 ports 253. Thus when compressed air enters the
and within the projecting portion 224 a valve
reservoir i l5 the oil is permitted to pass through
235. The valves E34 and 235 are rotatable with
the ports 253 into the chamber H8, and a like
in respective bores and associated with each
amount of the oil is driven out the passageway
valve is a respective valve stem 23S or 23T: posi
231' to complete the rivet setting operation.
tioned within the intermediate guide blocki 226.
75 Subsequently, the piston rod |34 moves down
2,365,537 A
enter the air passages. As shown in Fig. 3, each
bañie plate comprises a pair of discs 266 and
269 spaced apart and held in a ñxed position
ward and, by reason of aV sliding nt with the
bushing-251, immediately closes theports 258.
Throughout the `continued downward movement
by a screw 21| which extends through the upper
end of the base casting. The two bañle assem
blies are identical and a description of the one
of the shaft |34 the oil within the chamber ||8
is forced out the passageway 23| under great
pressure. It will be noted that the bushing 251
acts as a seal to prevent the escape of oil from
the lower part of chamber ||8 to the upper `part
and hence renders more elaborate seals and
packing unnecessary.
‘
.
10
It has been previously described how the peak
pressure obtainable inthe compression chamber
» |32 may be varied by operation of the adjusting
screw |39 (Figs. 13-16) to vary the pressure with
which the relief valve |31 is urged to closed posi
tion. It is desirable to vary the peak pressure
obtainable in the chamber |32 since, by this
means, each riveting operation may be performed
positioned in reservoir |9| will suffice for both.
The upper disc 268 is perforated and abuts against
shoulders formed in the casting to create a cham
ber 212 in the upper end of the reservoir. The
lower' end of the .passageway |65 opens into
the chamber 212 and the air discharged there
from passes through the perforations in'disc 268
and is so deflected by the lower disc 266 as to
15 exert a substantially even pressure on the entire
surface of the oil..
'
.
y
A collection of air in certain sections of the
hydraulic system is unavoidable. 1n the riveting
unit, >when one cylinder 23 is replaced by another,_
with a maximum of efficiency. In heading rivets
air is trapped in the cylinder and connecting oil
of different size the screw |39 is set in accord 20
'
passages.
In the power generating unit, air from
ance with the size of the rivet to raise or lower,
the air pressure within the chamber |32. It will
be evident that by reason of this adjustable means
a considerable saving of time and compressed air
is effected. To `assist the operator in determin 25
'
ing the proper setting of the screw |39 for each
the compression chamber |32 gradually accumu
lates in the oil pressure chamber ||8 and con
necting passageways.
A simple but effective
method has been devised for removing the air
trapped in these sections of the hydraulic sys
tem. Considering first the riveting unit and re-'
ferring to Fig. 1'1, the cylinder 23 is formed with
be caused to register the degree of pressure With
an opening 213 which opens directly into the
in the chamber |32, is añîxed to the machine.
Referring to Figs. `4 and 5, the pressure gauge 30 upper end of the chamber 34 and with an open
ing 214 which opens into the lower end of return
is indicated at 259 and has the usual stem 26|
oil passageway 33. The openings 213 and 214
which is actuated to obtain the reading. The
are closed by respective plugs 215 and 216. To
gauge 259 is threaded >into a projecting portion
remove the air trapped in cylinder 23 above the
of the closure plate 61 enclosing the lower end
of the preñll valve bushing 86 and communicates 35 piston _35, the plug 215 is loosened suniciently to
allow air to escape slowly along the threads there- '
indirectly with the main compression` chamber
of. ' Then, with the unit suspended in the posi
|32. A passageway 262 yleads in a manner not'`
size rivet a standard pressure gauge, which may
herein shown to the chamber |32 and opens into
a bore 263 formed in the projecting portion of
tion shown in Fig. 17, the trigger 63 is compressed
to an intermediate position »and the oil which is
the above-mentioned closure plate 61. A passage 40 thus caused to ñow through the passageway 32
and into> the upper end of the chamber 34 forces
264 (Fig. 4) connects a reduced portion of the
the' air out the opening 213. When oil appears
bore 263 to the gauge 259, and a manually oper
through the threads of the plug 215 the plug
able plunger valve 266 is positioned in the re
isl again tightened. To remove the air trapped in
duced portion of the bore for controlling the
ñow o‘f air to the passage 264. By reason of the .45. the cylinder 23 below the piston 35, the unit
should be held in a position inverted from that
valve 266, the gauge 259 is normally cut off from
shown in Fig. 17. The plug 216 is then loosened
communication with the chamber |32 and when
and, with all valves in normal position, return
it is desired to ascertain the pressure within the
pressure oil entering the cylinder through pas
chamber, the valve 266 is actuated and the oper
ating trigger 63 compressed to initiate a cycle v50 sageway 33 will ‘force the trapped air out the
-opening 214.
of operation.
One of the remaining structural features to
be considered is a pair of shut off valves 265 and
266 (Fig. 3) positioned in the'respective passage
ways |65 and ||5. The passageways |65 and ||5
conduct air to the respective reservoirs |9| and
||6 and the valves 265 and 266 are provided in
order that these passageways may be closed, when
transporting the machine, to prevent oil from
v
Air is forced from the pressure chamber H8
through the previously mentioned passage 255
(Fig. 3) one end of which communicates withthe upper end of chamber ||8 and the other
end of which may open through the base cast
ing to atmosphere.v The outer end of the passage
255 is normally closed by «a plug` 211. A iillei`
port 218, through which oil is supplied to the
flowing into the head of the machine. The valves 60 preñll reservoir ||6, is provided and it will be
noted that the upper end of the ñller port lies,k
265 and 266 are similar in construction and oper
slightly above the level of the outer end of‘pas
ation, and only the valve 265 is shown in detail
sage 255.v 'I-'o‘removethe air trapped in chamber
herein.` As shown in Fig. 9 the valve 265 is posi-^
| |8 and passage 255, the plug 211 and the plug
tioned in a bore 261 which connects separate.
closing
the filler port 218 are removed and oil is
65
portions of the passageway |65 an-d branch |66
poured through the 'filler port into the preñll
thereof. The valve is adapted to be moved man
ually through the bore 261 to close the portion of ~ reservoir until it flows out the passage 255. At
passageway |65 which extends downward to the
return reservoir |9|.
As a further means of controlling communica
tion between the reservoirs | I6 and |_9I and theirrespective passageways ||5 and |65, a baflie plate
is> provided in each reservoir in order that air
from the passageways will not churn up the oil
this point the` plug 211 is replaced loosely and
the filling of the prefill reservoir continued until
70 all the trapped air escapes along the loosely ñt
" ting threads `of the plug.211. When oil appears
along the threads, .the plug is tightened.
'- In ¿accordance with the usual construction of
machines of this general class, an air line oiler>
of any suitable type may be lprovided in order
to'such an extent as to create a mist which might 75
i
10
23,365,537'v
that a small <amount of oil may be introduced
into the live air as a lubricant for the valves
and air operated pistons.
'
While the invention has ‘been described with
particular reference to a compression riveter, it
is susceptible of embodiment in riveters of the
5.
type Which loperate with a pulling action. `
The riveting tool illustrated in Fig. 17, which
opposite side of the piston, a third fluid conduct-`
ing line connected to `the mechanism and ar
ranged to deliver compressed air thereto, means
responsive to variations in the air pressure With
in said third line for controlling the application
of liquid pressure through said first and second
lines, manipulative means on the mechanism for
communicating said third line to exhaust and
includes an `adjustable kyoke and an adjustable
regulating the rate of now to exhaust, and auto
handle arrangement, is claimed in a divisional 10 matic means for intensifying the pressure in said
application filed April 10, 1943,> by Howard R.
nrst fluid conducting line upon an increase in
Fischer, Serial No. 482,575.
_
the rate of íiow to exhaust.
The tank level control apparatus, shown best
6. A compression riveter completing a .rivet
in Figs. 7 and 8 hereof, forms the subject matter
installation in separate setting and heading
of another divisional application, Serial No. 559,
stages of operation, comprising a iiuid pressure
'762, filed by applicants on October 2.1, 1944.
responsive piston in the riveter, a fluid conduct
What is claimed is:
ing line connected to said riveter and arranged
1. In apparatus for riveting or the like, the
to deliver pressure iiuid to said piston in a direc- combination of a plurality of pressure iiuid op
tion to set and head the rivet, ~means for con
erated riveting units, a source of pressure fluid 20 trolling the application of pressure through said
common to all of said riveting units, and settable
line, said means having off-normal positions oc
means intermediate said source of pressure iiuid
cupied respectively during the' rivet setting and
and said rivetingl units for directing pressure
rivet heading stages of operation, and means on
fluid selectively to said riveting units'.
the riveter operable in a step-by-'step fashion to
' 2. In apparatus for riveting or the like, the
l initiate movement of said control means from a
normal to an oli-normal position and from one
combination of a plurality of riveting units each
having a throttle control mechanism and a pis
off-normal position to another.
ton chamber, a source of pressure fluid common
7. A compression riveter completing a rivet in
to all of said throttle control mechanisms, a
stallation in separate setting and heading stages
source of pressure fluid common to all of , said
' of operation, comprising a fluid pressure respon
piston chambers, a settable means intermediate
the first said pressure fluid source and said throt
sive piston in the riveter, a ñrst fluid conducting
line connected to said riveter and arranged to
tle control mechanisms for directing pressure
fluid selectively to said throttle control mecha
deliver liquid pressure 'to said piston in a direc
tion to set and head the rivet, a second fluid con
ducting line connected to said riveter and deliv
nisms, a settable means intermediate the second
said pressure fluid source and said piston cham'
bers for directing pressure ñuid selectively to
ering compressed air thereto, means responsive
to variations in the air pressure within said sec
ond line for controlling the application of liquid
pressure through said first line, said means hav
said piston chambers, and a single means for
operating the tvvo said settable means.
3. A unit for performing compression riveting
and like operations, comprising a cylinder, a
pressure fluid operated piston reciprocable in
ing off-normal positions occupied respectively
during the rivet setting and rivet heading stages
of operation, manipulative means on the riveter
settable from an olf position to intermediate and
on positions for communicating said second line
to exhaust and regulating the rate of flow of the
escaping fluid, and automatic means for inten
sifying the pressure in said first fluid conducting
line upon an increase in the rate of Yilovv of the
said cylinder, two‘pressure fluid conducting hose
lines connected to the cylinder and supplying
fluid respectively .to the front and rear ends
thereof, a third pressure fluid conducting hose
line connected to said unit, means on the unit
for exhausting the fluid from the third said hose
line to initiate by remote control the flow of iiuid
escaping fluid
through the iirst and second said hose lines, and ,
intensifier means for abruptly increasing the
4
installation in separate setting and heading
stages of operation, comprising a` fluid pressure
responsive piston in the riveter, a ñuid conduct
ing line connected to said riveter and arranged
pressure of the ñuid supplied to the cylinder and
being automaticallyoperable upon an increase
in the rate of exhaust from said third hose line.
4. A unit for performing compression riveting
and like operations, comprising a cylinder, ar
pressure iluid operated piston reciprocable in `said
cylinder, two pressure fluid conducting hose lines
connected to the cylinder and supplying ñuid
‘
8. A compression riveter completing a rivet
i to deliver pressure fluid to said piston in a direc
tion to set and head the rivet, another fluid con
ducting line connected to said riveter and ar
ranged to deliver fluid to said piston in a direc
' tion to .return it from a rivet heading operation,
respectively to the front and rear ends thereof,`
a third pressure fluid conducting line connected
means for controlling the application of pressure
through said lines, said means having a normal
position in which the first said line is open to
to said unit, means for initiating operations by
communicating said thirdline to exhaust, means
exhaust and being movable to an intermediate
and a fully actuated position occupied respec
on the unit for regulating the rate of flow to
exhaust, and automatic means for intensifying da tively during the rivet setting and rivet heading
stages of operation and in each of which the
the pressure in one of said hose lines upon an
increase in the rate of ñoW to exhaust.
- second said line is open to exhaust, and means
5. A fluid actuated riveting'mechanism adapt
ed to be manually carried and manipulated and
includingl a iiuid pressure responsive piston, a
first ñuid conducting line connected to the mech
anism and arranged to deliver liquid under pres
on the riveter operable in a. step-by-step fashion
to initiate operation of said control means from
a normal to an intermediate position and also
from said intermediate position to the fully ac
tuated position.
sure to one side of the piston, a second iiuid
conducting line connected tothe mechanism and
arranged to deliver liquid under pressure to the
-
9. A compression riveter completing a rivet in
stallation in separate setting and heading stages
e
of operation, comprising a fluid pressure respon
l

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