evaluation of physicochemical and pytochemical study

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Kavya et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 3, Issue 5, 759-764.
Research Article
ISSN 2278 – 4357
EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PYTOCHEMICAL
STUDY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
*Surabhi Kavya 1, Dr. H. Padmalatha2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Chudela 333001
Rajasthan, India.
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyana Jyothi College of Pharmacy, Gyana Jyothi
Nagar, Uppal bus depot, Hyderabad, India.
Article Received on
26 February 2014,
Revised on 27 March
2014,
Accepted on 23 April 2014
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate
the polyherbal formulation by following the standardization parameters
like organoleptic characters, physico-chemical parameters and
phytochemical screening and the formulation consist of following
*Correspondence for Author
herbs zingiber officinael, Ocimum sanctum, Glycyrrhiza glabra,
Surabhi Kavya
murraya koenigii and emblica officinalis .The phytochemical screening
Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, JJT University,
has been done for different extracts of the formulation and it revealed
Jhunjhunu, Chudela
the presence of flavanoids, tannins, carbohydrates, volatile oil,
Rajasthan, India.
alkaloids and proteins. The study was done for the purpose of
highlighting the potentiality and quality of the formulation in order to
carry out further pharmacological screening on various activities like analgesic,
inflammatory, diabetics and ulcer etc.
Key words: standardization, polyherbal formulation, Pytochemical screening, physicchemical parameters.
INTRODUCTION
The subject of herbal drug standardization is massively wide and deep. For the purpose of
research work on standardization of herbal formulations and neutraceuticals, a profound
knowledge of the important herbs found in India and widely used in Ayurvedic formulation is
of utmost importance. India can emerge as the major country and play the lead role in
production of standardized, therapeutically effective ayurvedic formulations. India needs to
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explore the medicinally important plants. This can be achieved only if the herbal products are
evaluated and analyzed using sophisticated modern techniques of standardization 1.Churna is
a fine powder of a drug or drugs which is prepared by mixing clean, finely powdered, and
sieved drugs 2. In recent years, plant derived products are increasingly being sought out as
medicinal products, nutraceuticals and cosmetics and are available in health food shops and
pharmacies over the counter as self medication or also as drugs prescribed in the nonallopathic systems3,4. Herbal medicines widely used in health-care in both developed and
developing countries are complex Chemical mixtures prepared from plants and are limited in
their effectiveness because they are poorly absorbed when taken orally5.WHO has listed
about 20,000 plant species in the world which are used in manufacturing different medicines.
In India over 2,500 species are credited with medicinal value. About 1100 plant species are
used in Indian systems of medicines, out of these plants 500 medicinal plant species are
frequently used in the preparation of Ayurvedic and Homeopathic medicines6.Herbal
formulations have reached widespread acceptability as therapeutic agents for diabetics,
arthritics, liver diseases, cough remedies, memory enhancers and adoptogens7. As per WHO
definition, there are three kinds of herbal medicines: raw plant material, processed plant
material and medicinal herbal products. Herbal drugs are finished labeled products that
contain active ingredients such as aerial or underground parts of plant or other plant material
or combination thereof, whether in the crude state or as plant preparations. The use of herbal
medicines has increased remarkably in line with the global trend of people returning to
natural therapies8. Herbals are traditionally considered harmless and increasingly being
consumed by people without prescription. However, some can cause health problems, some
are not effective and some may interact with other drugs. Standardization of herbal
formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of
their active principles9. Quality evaluation of herbal preparation is a fundamental requirement
of industry and other organization dealing with ayurvedic and herbal products.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material: Polyherbal formulation consists of 5 ingredients, viz., Ocimum sanctum,
Glycyrrhiza glabra, murraya koenigii, Emblica officinalis, and Zingiber officinale. All these
plant parts were procured from the local market of Hyderabad, India, and were authentified
from National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station Hyderabad.
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World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Preparation of polyherbal formulation: All plant parts were then dried in shade, powdered
and passed through sieve no.100 and then mixed together in specified proportions in a
geometrical manner to get uniform mixture and lastly packed in a well closed container to
protect them from moisture. Composition of polyherbal formulation was given in (Table 1).
Standardization parameters : The various standardization parameters studied were
Organoleptic properties, Physico‐chemical parameters , determination of pH, Preliminary
Phytochemical analysis, determination of moisture content, microbial analysis and
determination of physical characteristics of powder formulation.
Organoleptic evaluation: The Organoleptic evaluation refers to evaluation of the
formulation by color, odor, taste, appearance, particle size and Texture (Table 2).
Physicochemical investigations: Physico‐chemical investigations of formulations were
carried out for the determination of total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and
Moisture content was determined by loss on drying (LOD) method10 (Table 3).
Physico‐chemical investigations was performed using standard procedures
a) Moisture Content
An accurately weighed 3g of polyherbal formulation powder was taken in a tarred glass
bottle. The crude drug was heated at 1050C in an oven till a constant weight. Percentage
moisture content of the sample was calculated with reference to the shade dried material.
b) Ash Values
(i) Determination of total ash
Weighed accurately 2g of polyherbal formulation powder was added in crucible at a
temperature 500-6000C in a muffle furnace till carbon free ash was obtained. It was
calculated with reference to the air dried drug.
(ii) Determination of acid insoluble ash
Ash above obtained, was boiled for 5min with 25ml of 1M Hydrochloric acid and filtered
using an ash less filter paper. Insoluble matter retained on filter paper was washed with hot
water and filter paper was burnt to a constant weight in a muffler furnace. The percentage of
acid insoluble as was calculated with reference to the air dried powdered drug.
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(iii)Determination of water soluble ash
Total ash 1g was boiled for 5min with 25ml water and insoluble matter collected on an ash
less filter paper was washed with hot water and ignited for 15min at a temperature not
exceeding 4500C in a muffle furnace. Difference in weight of ash and weight of water
Determination of pH: 1% solution of Polyherbal formulation was prepared in distilled water
and pH was determined using DIGITAL pH METER, (Table 3).
Preliminary Phytochemical analysis: Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of all
the extracts was carried out by employing standard conventional protocols 11, 12 (Table 4).
RESULTS
Table 1: Composition of polyherbal formulation
S. no.
1
2
3
4
5
Sanskrit Name
Plant Name
Family
Part used
Shunthi
Amalaki
Tulsi
Yashti-madhu
Girinimba
Zingiber officinale
Emblica officinalis
Ocimum sanctum,
Glycyrrhiza glabra,
murraya koenigii
Zingiberaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Lamiaceae
Leguminosae
Rutaceae
Rhizomes
Fruits
Leaves
Rhizomes
Leaves
Table 2; Organoleptic properties of polyherbal formulation
Appearance
Color
Odor
Taste
Powder
Greenish
brown
Characteristic Bitter
Texture
Fine
Particle size
100#
Table 3: Physicochemical characteristics of polyherbal formulation
S. no.
1.
2.
a
b
c
3.
Parameters
Moisture content
Ash content
Total ash
Acid insoluble ash (w/w %)
Water Soluble ash (w/w %)
pH (1%)
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Vol 3, Issue 5, 2014.
Percentage mean (n=3) ± SD
6.03±0.03
8.306±0.029
1.60±0.04
6.55±0.01
3.20
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World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Table 4 : Preliminary Phytochemical analysis
TESTS
CHLOROFORM
Alkaloids
Coumarines
Carbohydrate
Flavanoids
Glycosides
Steroids and
pytosteroids
Tannins
Terpinoids
Proteins
Volatile oil
PET ETHER
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
ETHYL
ACETATE
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
ETHANOL
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
AQUEOUS
EXTRACT
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
(+)=Present, (-) =Absent
DISCUSSION
The formulation was tested for various standardized parameters like organoleptic,
physicochemical parameters, and also pytochemical screening. organoleptic parameters
revealed that Churna was Greenish brown , fine powder, odor- Characteristic, taste- Bitter is
shown in (Table 2) and results of physicochemical properties for Loss on drying at 105º C,
pH, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Water soluble ash, and pH were calculated and results
were shown in (Table 3). Ash value is useful in determining purity of drug and mainly
important for quantitative standards. Percent weight loss on drying or moisture content was
found to be 6.03% w/w. The less value of moisture content could prevent bacterial, fungal or
yeast growth. The Pytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids,
Coumarines, carbohydrates, tannins, proteins, volatile oil and absence of Terpinoids, steroid
and glycosides id shown in (Table 4).
CONCLUSION
Standardization is an important measure for knowing the quality, purity and for sample
identification. It is one of the simplest and cheapest methods for the correct identity of the
materials. Physicochemical analysis of the formulation confirms the quality and purity of
plant .The present study was useful for further pharmacological and therapeutic screening of
various activities along with the standardization of plant material.
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World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is thankful to Principal, Dr. H. Padmalatha, Gyan Jyothi college of Pharmacy,
Uppal Chauraha, Hyderabad, for providing laboratory facilities with encouragement.
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