Advanced InSAR Techniques for Urban Infrastructure Monitoring Warren Cartwright, Product Manager MDA Geospatial Services, Canada www.mdacorporation.com RESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND IMAGES This document contains information and images that are proprietary to MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (“MDA”), to its subsidiaries, or to third parties to which MDA may have legal obligations to protect such information or images from unauthorized disclosure, use or duplication. Any disclosure, use or duplication of this document or of any of the information or images contained herein for other than the specific purpose for which Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained it was disclosed is expressly prohibited, except as MDA or such appropriate third party may expressly agree in writing. MDA is a trademark of MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. COPYRIGHT © 2014 MDA, subject to herein is subject to the on the titleimages page have of this document. COPYRIGHT MDA General Acknowledgements for restrictions the third parties whose been used in permissible forms.©2013 All rights reserved. About MDA Geospatial Services Leading The global provider of geospatial information solutions to market leader in the operational delivery customers with operational needsprocess-specific, for essential decision of time-sensitive, business making geospatial information • Provides information solutions derived from imagery collected by satellites, aerial platforms, and other sources • Designs and delivers near real-time solutions based on geospatial data for operational environments • Delivers operationally-responsive, 24/7 support for just-in-time decision making • Operates the RADARSAT-2 satellite mission – Distributes RADARSAT-2 and other radar imagery worldwide – Exclusive distributor of RADARSAT-2 Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 2 Image: Astrium--Geo SAR vs. Optical Earth Observation Satellites Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 3 Active Sensor Passive Sensor • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) • RADARSAT-2 • TerraSAR-X • COSMO-SkyMed • Sentinel-1 • Provide their own energy source • SAR antenna measures the backscatter and traveling time of the transmitted waves • “Data file” • Algorithmic analysis • Automated processing • Microwaves • Weather and daylight independent • Resolution from .25m to 100m • Scene size from 5-500km • Optical (Electro-optical) • WorldView-2 • Pléiades 1A • Landsat8 • Require the sun’s illumination for imaging • “Photograph” • Easy to use for visual interpretation • Primarily visible and near-infrared light • Panchromatic and multispectral (color) bands • Cannot image through clouds • Resolution from <1m - >1,000m • Scene size from <10 km to >2,000 km Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 4 Image: Astrium--Geo SAR vs. Optical Earth Observation Satellites Image: NASA World Wind SAR vs. Optical Earth Observation Satellites Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 5 What is InSAR? Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 6 InSAR Methodology: Scatterer Types Distributed Scatterer: many interfering scatterers Speckle depends on baselines More Rayleigh-like Higher amplitude dispersion Expected higher phase noise Best filtered over homogeneous areas Persistent Scatterer: dominated by single scatterer Low speckle Gaussian Often higher amplitude Low amplitude dispersion Expected lower phase noise Best not filtered Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 7 InSAR Method (Adaptive Spatial Filtering) Method for Reducing Noise DSI (Distributed Scatterer InSAR) 1st Gen Characteristics Weakness Averaging over rectangular grid to reduce noise. • 2nd PSI Gen Identify low noise points and form sparse grid. (Persistent Scatterer InSAR) 3rd HDS Adaptive spatial filtering Gen based on temporal (Homogeneous intensity distributions*. Distributed Scatterer) Optimizes SNR/ resolution tradeoff * Parizzi Parizzi, A. and Brcic,, R. (2011). Adaptive InSAR stack multilooking exploiting amplitude statistics: A comparison between different techniques and practical results. IEEE Geosci.. Remote Sens. Lett., ., 8(3): 8(3):441-445. Problem: What to do when Distributed Scatterer (DS) InSAR and Persistent Scatterer (PS) InSAR alone are insufficient? Answer: Combine them! Resolution loss • Contaminate good points Throw out most data • Poor spatial coverage • N_scenes > 15 • • N_scenes > 15 Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 8 HDS-InSAR Target Density DSI PSI HDS RADARSAT 2 Data and Products © MacDonald, Dettwiler RADARSAT-2 and Associates Ltd. ((2012) 2012) All Rights Reserved. R A D A R S A T is an RADARSAT a n official o ffic ia l m mark a rk of ark o f the th e Canadian C a n a d ia n Space Space Agency +1 cm/year -1 cm/year Linear deformation rate maps of Vancouver’s YVR airport (RADARSAT-2, Ultra-Fine, 40 scenes) Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 9 InSAR for Urban Infrastructure Monitoring Routine monitoring with • Structures InSAR can identify areas of – Buildings risk in the urban environment – Roads before they become – Bridges catastrophic problems – Underground pipelines – Tunnels • Movement, leading to damaging stresses caused by – – – – – Ground deformation Soil moisture variations Pipe leakages Structure settling Frost heave Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 10 New Residential Development +1 cm/yr -1 cm/yr Source: GoogleEarth Streetview RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2012). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. Extreme subsidence in a Winnipeg, consistent with slumping of the riverbank. Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 11 Canada Line, Vancouver BC Canada Line line-of-sight linear deformation rate 1 cm/yr -1 cm/yr Stable Ongoing subsidence Ongoing subsidence Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 12 InSAR – Next Generation • Multiple Incidence Angle InSAR – “Multi-track InSAR” – Combine results from multiple passes of the satellite • Or from multiple satellites – Starting to use in production • Initial successes with customers Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 13 Quebec City Multi-temporal Filtered Mosaic Ultra-Fine Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 14 Multi-temporal Filtered Process • Reduce speckle from radar data • Generate homogenous areas while maintaining boundaries • This is the Citadel of Quebec City – Spotlight mode (1 m) Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA Change Detection: by Year • Quebec City • RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 • Dates ranging from 1998-2013 • Change indicated by year Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 16 Why MDA for Urban Monitoring and InSAR • Operational control and reliability – MDA operates the RADARSAT-2 satellite – MDA has access to other SAR and optical missions • History of success – MDA has clients we’ve worked with for over 10 years – Many clients have expanded the number projects • Dedicated and experienced team • R&D investment 2012 2013 2014-Q1 4.5 6 6.5 2 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 1 2 2 Deliverables 109 126 29 No. of data stacks 30+ 42 44 No. of analyst No. of software developers Dedicated PPM's Project engineering and QC Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 17 MDA Geospatial Services Inc. THANK YOU! Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA 18 Victoria Bridge, M Montreal ontreal Quebec Linear Rate +0.3 cm/yr -0.3 cm/yr Temperature-correlated displacement -0.3 mm/°° C Minimal linear rate on majority of bridge. Some (Westward) movement towards radar LOS on East side of bridge +0.3 mm/°C RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2013). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images contained herein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA Fixed joints on righthand side allow expansion to the West only Fixed joints on left-hand side allow expansion to the East only 19
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