An overview on Drilling and Geothermal Energy Projects in Turkey- 2014 Tevfik Kaya [email protected] Schlumberger Geothermal Services IPM Schlumberger The geothermal resource potential is high Distribution off hot springs and major geothermal fields in Turkey Geothermal exploration in Turkey started in the early 1960s. The first geothermal well for power generation was drilled in 1968 on high enthalpy fields for potential power production. 2 11/6/2014 Geothermal fields in Turkey for ELECTRICTY and DIRECT USAGE • • • Direct use application for heating - 35% Thermal usage (spa) - 56% Power generation - 9% Comparison of Geothermal Application in Turkey Utilization Power Generation 9% 2002 2014 15 MWe 410 MWe 30,000 RE 89,000 RE ~ 275 MWt ~ 813 MWt 500,000 sq m- 500 acre ( 100 MWt) 2,985,000 sq m 3,000 acre( ~600MWt) 175 pc 350 pc (~300 MWt) (~600 MWt) Residences Heating 56% 35% Greenhouse Heating Thermal Facilities,spa Suitable for Heating (50-110 oC) Suitable for other application Electricity demand growth is strong in Turkey National Installed (65,159MW) Demand Growth Installed Installed 2013 Capacity MWe Capacity (Sepetember) Ratio Natural Gas 19,304.8 31.60% Hydro 21,132.7 34.50% Lignite 8,215.2 13.40% Imported Coal 3,912.6 6.40% Fuel 3,895.6 6.40% Coal 300.0 0.50% Wind 2,604.0 4.30% 2002 2010 410.0 0.70% 2014 3.300 2023 6.000 Geothermal Liquid fuels 1,203.3 2.00% Asphaltite 135.0 0.20% Others 209.0 0.30% 61,204.2 99.70% Total Source: T.R. Ministery of Energy Year Consumption kW/capita 1.485 2.871 Installed Capacity and Demand Growth for Electricity Turkey (September 2014) Geothermal installed capacity is growing Start of Geothermal Electricity Development Per Country County Geothermal Generation Capacity for 12 Countries (Gross MWe, 2012) USA 3094 Philippines 1904 Indonesia 1197 Mexico 958 Italy 843 New Zeland 628 Iceland 575 Japan Elsalvador The top 12 countries cover 95% of the world’s geothermal power capacity 535 >410 MWe (2014) 204 Kenya 167 Costarica 166 Turkey 165 573 MWe 292 MWe (2013) 165 MWe (2012) 22 MWe (2008) Italy New Zealand USA Japan Russia México El Salvador Iceland Philippines China Kenya Indonesia Nicaragua France Turkey Costa Rica Portugal Guatemala Ethiopia Papua New Guinea Germany With the more than 60 geothermal developers, at the different stages . %50 exploration stage, 27 % drilling stage and 23 % drilling and operation stage Date 1916 1958 1960 1966 1966 1973 1975 1978 1979 1981 1981 1983 1983 1984 1984 1994 1994 1998 1999 2001 2008 Name of PP Owner Place Kızıldere 1 Dora-1 Bereket Germencik 1 Tuzla Dora-2 Zorlu Mege BJE Gurmat Enda Mege Under Operation Denizli-Sarayköy Aydın-Salavatlı Denizli-Sarayköy Aydın-Germencik Çanakkale Tuzla Aydın-Salavatlı Kızıldere 2 Zorlu Denizli-Sarayköy Irem Pamukoren 1+2 Gumuskoy 1 Gumuskoy 2 Sinem Deniz Dora 3U1 TR1 Dora 3U2 Germencik 3 Kerem Total Maren Celikler BM BM Maren Maren Mege Turkerler Mege Gurmat Maren Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Pamokoren Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Salavatlı Manisa-Alasehir Aydın-Salavatlı Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Installed Capacity Technology (MWe) Provider 15.00 7.50 6.50 47.50 7.50 12.00 60.00 20.00 20.00 44.00 6.60 6.60 22.50 22.50 21.00 24.00 20.00 25.00 22.50 Ansaldo Ormat Ormat Mitsubishi Ormat Ormat Fuji TAS Ormat Atlas Copco TAS TAS Ormat Ormat Ormat Ormat Ormat Ormat Ormat 410.70 Germencik 2 Ken Germencik 4 Germencik 5 Gurmat Maren Gurmat Gurmat Zorlu Alasehir Zorlu Tosunlar Sultanhisar Pamukoren 3 Umurlu TR2 Tuzla Dora64 DST111/6/2014 Akca Celikler Celikler Karadeniz Turkerler MTN Mege Greeneco Under Construction ( 370 MWe) Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Aydın-Germencik Denizli-Sarayköy Denizli-Sarayköy Aydin Sultanhisar Aydın-Pamokoren Aydin Umurlu x2 Manisa-Alasehir Canakkale - Tuzla Aydin-Salavatli Denizli-Sarayköy x2 47.5 22.5 25 25 50 10 3 44 44 24 24 8 21 22 Mitsubishi Ormat Ormat Ormat Toshiba TAS Exergy Atlas Copco Atlas Copco Exergy Ormat Exergy Ormat Exergy Geothermal Power Plants Existing and Ongoing in Turkey in September 2014 2013- 82 Wells drilled 2014 -104 wells (estimated) Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey Feed –in Tariff and Legal Framework for Geothermal Energy in Turkey: •FIT was introduced in 2005 as a unique tariff btw 5 – 5,5 € cents, applicable for defined renewable energy sources (18.05.2005, Law No.5346, entitled “RES Law for the) •Implementation Regulation of FIT was not adopted at that time. •In Turkey, geothermal energy is separately regulated by the Act numbered 5686 (Jun 3rd, 2007). •New RES Law was adopted in Dec 2010 •It proposes below mentioned FIT at differentiated rates (7,3 10,5 – 13,3 $ cents) for different renewable energy sources. •Implementation Reg. is adopted & Domestic Manufacturing incentive introduced. Power Plant Type FIT Hydro Power Plant 7.3 Wind Power Plant 7.3 Geothermal Power Plant Biomass Solar Domestic Manufacturing Turbine Generator and Power Electronics Blade Generator and Power Electronics Tower Rotor and Nacel (all mechanic) Steam or Gas Turbine 10.5 Generator and Power Electronics Steam Injector or Vacuum Pump 13.3 Equipments Fotovoltaik Equipments 13.3 Concentrated olar Power Equipments Additional Local Content ($cebt/kWh) 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 Max FIT ($cent/kWh) 9.6 11.0 13.2 18.9 20.0 22.5 t.kaya 2012 • • 9 11/6/2014 >30 rigs are active in geothermal drilling >%90 of them is active in Menderes and Alasehir Graben Drillings are in two main graben, Menderes and Gediz…. Rig Count in Geothermal Power Projects in Turkey (2014) tkaya Capacity (w/ 4 # Rig Place Contractor 1/2" DP) 1 F-320/5 Denizli 6210 m/2000 HP TPIC 2 F 200/11 Aydın 4000 m/1350 HP TPIC 3 F200/10 Manisa 4000 m/1350 HP TPIC 4 IRI 100/1 Aydın 425 HP/W.OWER TPIC 5 MR8000 Manisa 4300 m/1080 HP BORDRILL 6 MR8000 Manisa 4300 m/1080 HP BORDRILL 7 Not Specified Manisa 3000 m/1080 HP BORDRILL 8 MR8000 Manisa 4300 m/1080 HP BORDRILL 9 MR8001 Manisa 4301 m/1080 HP BORDRILL 9 MR8000 Aydın 4300 m/1080 HP MAREN 10 MR8000 Aydın 4300 m/1080 HP MAREN 11 IDECO H44 Aydın 3000 m / 750 HP POLMAK 12 F. Cooper LTO-750 Aydın 2500m/750 HP GYP (AME) 13 Wilson 75 Aydın 2500m/900 HP GYP (AME) 14 NAT 80 B Aydın 3500 m/1000 HP GYP (AME) 15 F200 Aydın 4000 m/1350 HP GYP (AME) 16 Nat 32 Aydın 2500 m GYP (AME) 17 BD125 Denizli 1600 HP DEĞİRMENCİ 18 Gefco 185 K Konya 2000m/600 HP GM Müh 19 MR6000 Turkey 2000 m/540 HP MTA 20 MR6001 Turkey 2000 m/540 HP MTA 21 NAT N80 Turkey 3500 m/1000 HP 22 IDECO H 44 Ankara 2700/912 HP ARAR 23 Not Specified Manisa 2000m/600 HP Merty 24 Not Specified Manisa 2000m/600 HP Petrogaz 25 Not Specified Simav 2000m/600 HP Umran Boru 26 Not Specified Aydın 2500 m/1000 HP Viking 27 Not Specified Alasehir 1500 m/400 HP Sonsuzluk 28 Not Specified Aydın 2500 m/1000 HP Pars 29 Not Specified Aydin 2700 m/1080 KARIZMA 30 Not Specified Aydin 4000 m/1500 KARIZMA 10 31 Not Specified Alasehir 4001 m/1500 Enerji A 11/6/2014 .+6 Domestic manufactued rigs Rig Count in Geothermal Power Projects in Turkey (2014) Cost Breakdown for Geothermal Well Drilling in Turkey 2014 2500 (45 days) Price (USD) 3500 m ( 60 days) Price (USD) 40,000 50,000 50,000 80,000 120,400 120,400 350,000 607,440 850,000 Fuel 228,000 352,000 460,000 Mob & De-mob Total Operating Cost (18.500$/day) 200,000 300,000 300,000 555,000 832,500 1,110,000 Mud Service 90,000 120,282 160,000 Cementing Service 120,000 160,000 220,000 Wireline logging 40,000 150,000 150,000 Acidizing 40,000 70,000 70,000 Well tests 35,000 40,000 40,000 Drilling and Geolog. Supv. 40,000 40,000 40,000 Miscoulenous 40,000 60,000 60,000 Services Land Acqusition and permission Pre-Spud Services, waste handling Material Purchase (casing, bit, welhead etc.) Total Budget (%10 contingency) 11 11/6/2014 1,858,000 2,902,622 3,630,400 • Drilling in Turkey are not high enthalpy well like Indonesia, Philippines etc. so cost of casing, well head and cementing services less than others • Low rig rates ($ 15-19 K/day in Turkey, it is around $25-27 K/day in global • Low management cost for company many, driller, tool pusher, • Low services costs for mud, cementing Schlumberger Confidential 1500 m (30 days) Price (USD) November 2013- tkaya According to current drilling experiences in Menderes (1500-3500) and Alaşehir (25003500 m) graben mostly metamorphic, shiest, limestone, sand stone and marble formation, Average penetration day for 1500-2000 meter is 35-40 days, 2000-2500 meter is 45-50 days for production wells, for the 2800-3500meter production or exploration well’s 12 average penetration days is more than 60 days.(60-70 days) . thank you… Tevfik Kaya Pamukkale/ Menderes Graben Turkey … [email protected]
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