Leads to ancillary services

Smart Energy
Community
Ideas - Innovations - Industry
Ability of batteries for provision of
ancillary service
Manfred Kienle, Okt. 2014
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Short introduction about Gustav Klein
Environment of energy storage
Content of a energy storage system
Storage Systems/Batteries
GK – Converter and Projects
Questions and discussion
2
1
Power Supply Solutions by
“… made in Germany & Austria“
Austria
Factory Schongau
approx. 160 employees
Factory Inzing (Austria)
approx. 60 employees
Power stations and power lines
Operating theaters
Test and simulation systems
Chemical industry / Oil and Gas
Stationary power supply for
urban traffic and railway lines
High Power Storage Systems
Inhouse
-Hardware development,
-Software development,
-Engineering, - Production,
-Test, - Service
65 Years experience
Over 300.000 systems and units delivered
in 86 countries
Okt. 2014
2
Power supply yesterday
From
large-scale power
plant
to
the consumer
Large-scale power plant
380 kV
220/110 kV
Commerce and industry plant
always
20 kV
0,4 kV
Commerce and industry plant
Household
Household
Household
Quelle: EWE NETZ, 2012
6
Power supply today
Large-scale power plant
380 kV
Offshore-Windpark
From many
generator
to
many
consumer
220/110 kV
usually
Commerce and industry plant
Wind park
20 kV
PV
0,4 kV
BHKW
Wind power station
Commerce and industry plant
Household Household Household
with BHKW with PV
Biogas plant
PV
Quelle: EWE NETZ, EWE, 2012
7
Power supply tomorrow
Large-scale power plant
380 kV
Offshore wind park
220/110 kV
Commerce and industry plant
From many
generator
to
many consumers
with storage
Wind park
always
20 kV
BHKW
PV
0,4 kV
Wind power station
Commerce and industry plant
Haushalt Haushalt Haushalt
mit BHKW mit PV
Biogas plant
PV
Storage and network expansion in the distribution network avoids the network
expansion in the upstream grids!
Quelle: EWE NETZ, EWE, 2012
8
Tasks of distributed energy storage systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Balancing of power generation
Quality of supply
Power quality
Voltage stability
Load management
Coverage of peak load
Provision of controlling power
Ensurance of stability
Avoidance of mains shortage
Supply of iland grids, micro grids
Leads to ancillary services
Quelle: etz
9
Regulation energy
Why regulation engergy out of large scale batteries
Power station types with different regulation band
• Operation possible like a regulation power station
• Therefore enlargement of the absorbing power of
the gird for power of renewable sources
10
3
Parts of an Energy Storage system (ESS)
Battery – Converter – Control
11
AIC Active Infeed Converter
Grid
Demand Controller
AIC
MODBUS TCP/IP
Mains Protection and
Control System (External)
According to DIN VDE AR-N 4105
Interface Board
Grid
Grid
Supervision
400/230 V
CAN-OPEN
optional
Battery
TFT-Panel
optional
Emergency Off
Prozess control system / Load-manager
Realtime control system / SPS
Power management
Road maps
Load balance
Fault– Management
Visualisation
Operating function
Measurement storage and processing
Priority – management
Maintenance
Expandability
http://windenergiepark-westkueste.de/pellworm
13
The intelligent grid
New possibilities
Technical rules not yet adapted
Marktet-rules not yet adapted
Fast development of technical components
Grid modification has started – Final structure not known
Interaction of many paricipants
Current control tools not sufficient fast
14
4
Storage systems / Batteries
Quelle: SIG Solar Group
15
Power Caps
Short time sorage
> 500.000 Cycles
Energy density 5Wh/kg (Stand 2012)
Low self-discharge
Status: research project
(e.i. Joint project
Batterieforschungszentrum Münster)
Voltage proportional to energy
Low cell voltage (approx. 2,5V)
16
Hybrid Capacitors
Combination from Power Cap and
Lithium-Ion-Battery
Short time storage
> 20.000 cycles
Up to 5kW/kg
Efficiency up to 95%
Status: research and development
17
Lithium Ion Battery
Small inner resistance
Small power loss / high efficiency up to 97%
Low cell voltage (approx. 3,5V)
Serial connection / Balancing
High energy desity
Status: development / readiness of seriesproduction / projects since 2007
Influence of temperature
High service life
Different materials: Li-metal-hydrid, Li-Phosphat,
Li-Metal-Polymer, Manganese oxide, etc.
18
Lead acid battery
Cell voltage appox 2,3V
Serial connection
Small energy density
Influence of temperature
Well known technology since over 100 Years
Infrastructur for recycling
Variant: VLA, VRLA (gel, glass mat)
Life time (corrosion electrods)
19
Redox-Flow Battery
2 liquid elektrolyte
Quelle: Wikipedia
niedrige Zellspannungen (typ. 1,5V)
Charging / discharging inside of reaction chambers (cells) / Stacks
Power / size limited by stack (today ca. 3kW)
Energy content / Tank
Material: Vanadium, Zinc-bromine,
Iron- Chrome...
Efficiency smaller
No self discharge
20
Additional components of Batteries
Balancing
Measurement
BMS
Housing
Contactor, fuse
Isolation
Quelle: BMW i3
EV
Quelle: KE-Tec
21
Selection criteria of a storage system
Service life > 10 Jahre
Operating reliability
Cycle stability
Costs
Availability
Space
Efficiency
Response time
Power
22
Selection of the storage system
Batteries
Expected cycle life vs. depth of discharge
100000
Expected number of cycles [n]
at room temperature
NiMH
10000
NiCd
Lead Acid
1000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
depth of discharge [%]
23
Seclction of the storage system
Lead acid batteries
24
Selection of the storage system
System comparison 1
Type
Life cycle
time at 70%
DOD
Years at 70%
DOD at 2
cycles per
day
Redox Flow
>20000
VRLA Lead Acid
Space
Availability/
Experience
Price
20
+
++++
+
2000
2,7
+
++++
++++
Lead Acid open vented
2000
2,7
-
+++++
++++
NiCd
3500
4,8
+
++++
+
NiMH
5300
7,3
+++
+
-
Li-Ion
4000
5,5
++++
-
-
Lebensdauertest Li-Ionen beziehen sich auf Fahrzyklus Straßenfahrzeuge
25
Selection of the storage system
System comparison 2
Type
Efficiency
Costs
Energy
density
Redox Flow
75%
-
-
NaS
85%
200€/kWh
Lead Acid
80%
100€/kWh
NiCd
-
NiMH
Li-Ion
SelfCharging
discharge
time
++++
+
+
+
Operating temperature
350°C
- 40
--
-
Deep discharg and
partial cycles critical,
-
+ 50
-
+
-
-
++ 75
+
+
No Memory effect
85%
300€/kWh
++++ 120
++++
++
High power
High amount of cycle
Voltage change
Super Caps
-
-
--
---
++++
Lithium Metall
85%
-
200
++++
+
-
200
Zink Luft
characteristics
+
Separate charging
26
Application area of sorage systems
27
Storage systems
Current storage systems consist of many modules
Selection requires system knowledge
Controls influence the reliability and safety
All systems develops dynamically further
(To) High expectations (capability, reliability)
High system diversity concerning storage systems
Up to now no universal storage system
Design and selection data often less filed tested
28
5
GK – Projects and Converter
29
Active Infeed Converter
Power converter for storage systems with reactive power regulation
Grid
Storage system 100-500 kW
Total power without limit
Energystorage up to
1000 V DC
Delivered AIC Systems
1 MW
125 kW
2 x 80 kW 1 x 30 kW
1 x 80 kW 1 x 60 kW
250 kW 1 MW
250 kW
100 kW (in production)
AIC Project Pellworm 1MW
Biogas:
Wind:
PV:
0,53 MW
5,73 MW
2,74 MW
1MW
32
AIC Projekt Pellworm 1MW
33
Visualisation of power flow
34
Come and visit us in Bavaria
Questions?

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