References and Resources: Facilitating Ethical Decisions about Tube Feeding Christine Westphal NP MSN ACNS ACHPN  Applebaum P. Assessment of patients’ competence to consent to treatment. NEJM. 2007; 357: 81341840.  Alsolamy S. Islamic views on artificial nutrition and hydration in terminally ill patients. Bioethics. July 29, 2012. Accessed on line August 21, 2013 at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22845721  Arrowsmith F, Allen J, Gaskin K et al. The effect of gastrostomy tube feeding on body protein and bone mineralization in children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2010; 52(11):1043-1047.  Beauchamp TL & Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 6th Ed. NY: Oxford University Press, 2008.  Brotherton A M, Judd P A. Quality of life in adult enteral tube feeding patients. Journal ofHuman Nutrition & Dietetics. 2007; 20(6):513-522.  Bruera E, Sala R, Rico M et al. Effects of parenteral hydration in terminally ill cancer patients: A preliminary study. J Clin Onc. 2005; 23(10); 2366-237.  Cai S, Gozalo P , Mitchell SL et al. Do patients with advanced cognitive impairment admitted to hospitals with higher rates of feeding tube insertion have improved survival? J Pain Symp Manag 2012  Carey TS, Hanson LC, Garrett JM, Lewis C, Pfifer N, CoxCE, Jackman A: Expectations and outcomes of gastric feeding tubes. Am J Med 2006;119:527.e11–16  Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Pope Benedict XVI Responses to certain questions of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops concerning artificial nutrition and hydration. August 1, 2007. Accessed on line August 21, 2013at http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070801_ris poste-usa_en.html.  Dy SM, Asch SM, Lorenz KA et al. Quality of end of life care for patients with advanced cancer in an academic medical center. J. Palliativ Med 2011; 14:451-457.  Ellershaw JE. Dehydration and the dying patient. J Pain Sympt Manage. 1995;10: 192-197.  Fine RL. Ethical issues in artificial nutrition and hydration. Nutr Clinic Pract. 2006; 21: 118-125.  Finucane TE, Christmas D, Travis K Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999;282:1365-1370.  Ganzini L Goy ER, Miller LL et al. Nurses’ experiences with hospice paints who refuse food and fluids to hasten death. NEJM; 2003: 349-365.  Geeganage C, Beavan J, Ellender S et al. Interventions for dysphagia and nutritional support in acute and subacute stroke. Cochrane Data Base. October 17, 2012 accessed on line May 1, 2014 doi:0.1002/14651858.CD000323.pub2  Geppert CM, Andrews MR & Druyan ME. Ethical issues in artificial nutrition and hydration: a review. J Parent Enteral Nutr. 2010; 34(1): 79-88.  Hanson LC, Garrett JM, Lewis C et al. Physician’s expectations of benefit from tube feeding. J Pal Med 2008;11:1130-1134.  Heuberger RA. Artificial nutrition and hydration at the end of life. J Nutr Elderly. 2010:29(4):347-385.  John Paul II. Address to the participants in the International Congress on “life-sustaining treatments and the vegetative state: Scientific advances and ethical dilemmas”. March 20, 2004. Accessed on line August 21, 2013 http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/2004/march/documents/hf_jpii_spe_20040320_congress-fiamc_en.html  Jonsen, A., Siegler, M., & Winslade, W. (2006). Clinical ethics: A practical approach to ethical decisions in clinical medicine (6th ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.  Laureys S. Functional imaging in the vegetative state. Neurorehabilitation. 2004;19: 335-341.  Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Peigneux P et al. Cortical processing of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the persistent vegetative state. Neuroimaging. 2002;17:732-741.  Lee H, Havrila C, Bravo V, Shantz K, Diaz K, Larner J, Read P. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on weight loss and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube rates in patients treated with radiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma. Support Care Cancer. 2008;16:285–289.  Lewis CL, Hanson LC, Golin C, Garrett JM, Cox CE, Jackman A, Phifer N, Carey TS: Surrogates’ perceptions about feeding tube placement decisions. Patient Educ Counsel2006;61:246–252.  Locher JL, Bonner JA, Carroll WR. Prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in treatment of head and neck cancer: a comprehensive review and call for evidence-based medicine. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition. 2011; 35(3): 365-374.  Loike J, Gillick M, Mayer S et al. The critical role of religion: Caring for the dying patient from an Orthodox Jewish perspective. J Pal Med. 2010;13(10):1-5  McCann RM, Hall WJ, Grother-Juncker A. Comfort care for terminally ill patients: The appropriate use of nutrition and hydration. JAMA. 1994; 272(16):1263-1266.  Monturo C & Hook K. From means to ends: Artificial nutrition and hydration. Nurse Clin N Amer. 2009; 44: 505-515.  Pasman HRW, Onwuteaka-Philipson RD, Kriegsman DM et al. Discomfort in nursing home patients with severe dementia in whom artificial nutrition and hydration is forgone. Arch Intern Med. 2005; 165: 1729-1735.  Piquet MA, Ozsahin M, Larpin I, Zouhair A, Coti P, Monney M, Monnier P, Mirimanoff RO, Roulet M. Early nutritional intervention in oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2002;10:502–504  Raijimakers NJH vanZuylen L, Constantini M et al/ Artificial nutrition and hydration in the last week of life in cancer patients: a systematic literature review of practices and effects. Annals of Onc 2011; 22: 1478-1486.  Rio A, Ellis C, Shaw C et al. Nutritional factors associated with survival following enteral tube feeding in patients with motor neuron disease. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics. 2010; 23(4):408-415.  Sampson ED. Candy B, Jones L. Enteral feeding tubes for older people with advanced dementia. 2009 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; Apr 15;(2):CD007209. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007209.pub2.  Shintani, S. Efficacy and ethics of artificial nutrition in patients with neurologic impairments in home care. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2013; 20(2):220-3.  Shubing G, Gozalo P , Mitchell SL et al. Do patients with advanced cognitive impairment admitted to hospitals with higher rates of feeding tube insertion have improved survival? J Pain Symp Manag 2012;  Teno JM, Mitchell SL, Mitchell SL, Kuo SK, et al. Decision making and outcomes of feeding tube insertion:a five-state study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:881-886.  Teno JM, Gozalo P, Mitchell SL et al. Feeding tubes and the prevention or healing of pressure ulcers. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(9):697-70.  Teno JM, Gozalo P, Mitchell SL et al. Does feeding tube insertion and its timing improve survival? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012; 60:1918-1921.  Wiggenraad RGJ, Flierman L, Goossens A et . Prophylactice gastrostomy placement and early tube feeding my limit loss of weight during chemoradiationtherapy for advanced head and nec cancer, a preliminary study. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2007;32(5):384-390.  Wilkinson DJ& Savulesco J . Knowing when to stop: Futility in the ICU. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Apr;24(2):160-5. Resources for Patients and Families  Alzheimer’s Association www.alz.org/national/documents/brochure_ endoflifedecisions.pdf  http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/should-i-receive-artificial-hydration-and-nutrition  http://www.webmd.com/balance/questions-answers-artificial-nutrition-hydration-end-of-life-decisionmaking  http://decisionaid.ohri.ca/docs/Tube_Feeding_DA/PDF/TubeFeeding.pdf  Hospice and Palliative Care Association of Michigan www.mihospice.org  www.getpalliativecare.org