Specialist Teaching and Preschool Service Speech, Language and Communication Needs JARGON BUSTER Terminology AAC APD Articulation Auditory Discrimination Communication Comprehension Delay Disorder Dysarthria Dysfluency Dysphagia Dysphasia Dyspraxia Echolalia Expressive Language Grammar Hypernasal ICW Meaning Alternative and Augmentative Communication Refers to the different ways (other than speech) that people use to communicate with each other. This could include signs, symbols or technology such as an electronic communication device. Auditory Processing Difficulties Refers to a difficulty in listening to or comprehending auditory information, especially under less optimal listening conditions (eg background noise). The physical production of sound involving the use of articulators (eg tongue, lips, palate and vocal folds). The ability to recognise and distinguish similarities and differences between speech sounds. The exchange of information with other people using both verbal and non-verbal means. Understanding what is said, signed or written. Following typical speech and/or language development, but at a slower rate. Disordered speech, language and communication does not follow the typical pattern of development. All areas may be affected, or there can be one area of language which has been more severely affected than the others. Individuals with speech, language or communication disorders need specialist help to support their development. A neurological condition causing muscular weakness which affects the accuracy and speed of speech. This involves interruptions to the smooth or fluent flow of speech, including sound and word repetitions, tense ‘blocks’ on sounds and facial grimaces. This is also referred to as stammer/stutter. A disorder/condition that affects an individual's ability to swallow. Impairment of speech and verbal comprehension. This term is often used when associated with stroke or brain injury. The muscles work well but the nerve does not convey the message adequately from the brain to the muscle on command. Verbal dyspraxia affects speech muscles, body dyspraxia affects other muscles. Both can be affected. Repetition of what has been heard, often without meaning and used inappropriately. The ability to express oneself verbally and appropriately – putting sounds, words and sentences together to share information, ideas and wishes. The rules followed in language involving the structure of words (eg markers for plurals, verb tenses) and combination of words to create phrases and utterances. Speech sounds affected by too much air flow down the nose. Information Carrying Words Moving on Together Jargon Modelling Non-literal Language Non-verbal Communication Oro-motor Phonological Delay / Disorder Phonology Phonological Awareness / Processing Pragmatics Pre-linguistic Skills Receptive Language Repair Selective Mutism Semantics Speech SLI SLT Sound System Syntax These are the number of words in a sentence that carry meaning. (NB: many words within a sentence can be redundant – depending on the context and use of non-verbal clues.) Sound sequences, phrases and sentences with no meaningful content. Repeating (and possibly rephrasing) the child’s sentence/sign to provide good examples. Language which requires prior world knowledge. It is based on words which usually have several meanings or which don’t make sense in combination with the other words used (eg idioms). The parts of communication which rely on the individual’s understanding or use of gesture, body language, facial expression, eye contact etc. Lip and tongue movements needed for speech. An inability to use the range of speech sounds in the correct order, causing unintelligible or unclear speech. The rule based system of sounds used within words. Phonological awareness is a person's explicit knowledge of the sound segments (phonemes) which comprise words. Phonological processing skills include the ability to recognize and produce rhyming words or patterns of alliteration, segmenting or breaking apart words into syllables/sounds, identify where a specific sound occurs in a word, and blend sounds into words. This refers to the rules about how we use language in social communication (eg appropriate use of eye contact, turn taking, initiation of conversation, maintaining a topic of conversation) It includes use and interpretation of non-verbal communication skills and the interpretation on non-literal language. Skills needed before language can develop (eg eye contact, turn taking, pretend play). This involves attention, listening, and understanding language. How speakers and listeners adapt, repeat or check the conversation if something is not clear or not understood. A communication difficulty in which the individual chooses not to speak in certain situations or to certain people although they have the ability to do so. The meaning of words (ie definition) and how they relate to one another, eg:  same set / category (cat, dog, rabbit)  opposites (hot, cold)  similar meanings (small, little) The ability to articulate the language already structured by producing sounds in the correct sequence. Specific Language Impairment When a child’s language (comprehension and/or expression) is the only area of difficulty and all other areas of a child’s development are in line with their peers. Speech and Language Therapist The sounds that a child is able to say and the sound combination rules the child makes use of. The rules of combining words to make a sentence (grammar). SEN/AEN Provider Services (January 2015) Moving on Together Topic Maintenance Turn Taking Utterances Verbal Communication Verbal Reasoning Word Finding Difficulties Sustaining the topic of conversation for several turns. Picking up on other people’s ideas, responding or commenting appropriately and then expecting them to have a turn at speaking. This is a continuous piece of speech beginning and ending with a clear pause. (Utterances do not exist in written language, only their representations do.) The parts of communication which are language based. Thinking about and solving problems using language. The retrieval (production) of words that are known, in time for conversational purposes. SEN/AEN Provider Services (January 2015)