Predicting “Failing” - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Predicting “Failing” Functional Movement Screen™ Scores Utilizing the Y-Balance Test
Among Active Firefighters and Candidates
David J. Cornell1, Kyle T. Ebersole1, Stacy L. Gnacinski1, Steve B. Gayhart 1, Peter J. Sanger1, &
Jason Mims2.
1
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI; 2City of Milwaukee Fire Department,
Milwaukee, WI
Musculoskeletal injury is the leading cause of injury and lost work time among firefighters. The
Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) and Y-Balance Test (YBT) have previously been used
to predict future injury risk among athletic and active populations. A greater understanding of
the interrelated utility of these screening tools may be beneficial in identifying firefighters at risk
for musculoskeletal injury. PURPOSE: To examine if YBT performance can predict a
“failing” FMS™ score among active firefighters and candidates. METHODS: 102 (93 males, 9
females) active firefighters (n=17) and candidates enrolled in the Recruit (n=48) or Cadet (n=37)
training classes in the Milwaukee or Madison, WI Fire Departments participated in this study
(26.8 ±7.6 yrs; 178.7 ±7.3 cm; 86.0 ±13.0 kg). All participants completed the FMS™ and YBT.
Each reach distance of the YBT was normalized to leg length. The right (R) vs. left (L)
difference for the anterior (ANT) reach was calculated. The YBT score for each limb was
formed by summing the reach distances in each direction and dividing by 3. The scores for R
and L limbs were then averaged to create the composite (COMP) score. A total FMS™ score of
≤14 was used to identify a failing FMS™ (n=91) score. A receiver operator characteristic
(ROC) curve was plotted using SPSS 20 software to determine if R vs. L ANT reach difference
and COMP score on the YBT could predict a failing FMS™ score. An alpha level of p<0.05
determined statistical significance. RESULTS: The ROC curve did not yield a significant
combination of sensitivity and specificity in predicting a failing FMS™ score based off of R vs.
L ANT reach difference (a=.455, p=.624). However, the ROC curve did yield a significant
combination of sensitivity and specificity in predicting a failing FMS™ score utilizing the
COMP score (a=.713, p=.021). A COMP score cut-off value of 104.4% optimized sensitivity
(91.2%) and specificity (45.5%). CONCLUSIONS: COMP score on the YBT, but not limb
reach difference, adequately predicts a failing FMS™ score among active firefighters and
candidates. This suggests that the limb reach asymmetry during a dynamic movement does not
influence FMS™ score outcomes. Future research should examine the interrelated utility of
these assessments associated with musculoskeletal injury prediction during a prospective study.
CHARACTER COUNT: 1995