d2.2.2 - mobile microprocessors and boards

ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Mobile microprocessors and boards Report ID:
Task:
Responsible Author:
D2.2.5
T2.2
Adam Bujnowski (GUT)
Workpackage:
Due date:
WP2
30-04-2014
The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Copyright © Copyright 2014 the eGlasses Consortium Consisting of: Coordinator: Gdansk University of Technology, FETI, DBME Poland Partners: University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, MIL Austria Hochschule Luzern, iHomeLab Switzerland University of Lorraine, LCOMS France University of Luxembourg, SnT Luxembourg Start date of the project: 01.01.2014 Duration: 36 months This document contains information, which is proprietary to the eGlasses consortium. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part for any purpose without written permission from the eGlasses Consortium. In addition to such written permission to copy, reproduce, or modify this document in whole or part, an acknowledgement of the authors of the document and all applicable portions of the copyright notice must be clearly referenced. The information in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. This document may change without notice. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability. All rights reserved. 2 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Table of contents 1. Primary constraints referencing to the base platform .................................................. 4 1.1 Basic requirements ............................................................................................................................ 4 2. The MCU and SOC overview ..................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Solutions form the Texas Instruments – OMAP Family ......................................................... 5 2.1.1. The OMAP 4 family ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. The OMAP 5 family ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. The Snapdragon from Qualcomm ............................................................................................ 14 2.3. Tegra (NVIDIA) ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.2 Nvidia Tegra 4 .............................................................................................................................................. 19 2.3.3 APALIS T30 .................................................................................................................................................. 21 2.4. Exynos (Samsung) .......................................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Samsung Exynos 4412 .............................................................................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Samsung Exynos 5250 .............................................................................................................................. 25 2.4.3 Exynos 4412 Prime Quad Core CPU module from ODROID ..................................................... 28 2.5. Intel mobile solutions ................................................................................................................... 30 2.6. MediaTek mobile SoC's ................................................................................................................. 37 2.7 RockChip ............................................................................................................................................ 38 2.8 Freescale processors ...................................................................................................................... 42 3. Summary and conclusions .................................................................................................... 46 3.1. Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 46 3 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
1. Primary constraints referencing to the base platform The purpose of this document is to present the current state of the art in the field of the mobile processors form the point of view of the eGlasses requirments. In the ongoing work during the eGlasses project there will be applied critical analysis of literature (including project design prototypes) and essentially, the experimental method. The prototypes will be designed and verified experimentally in the laboratory conditions and the field. After critical analysis of the sources the specification of requirements will be prepared. As it was assumed in the project proposal text, the base platform will utilize embedded computer based on a multi-‐core processor with RAM and flash memory. The CPU should be able to handle up to three / four CMOS cameras and simultaneously control the micro-‐display (LCD / OLED). Initially, it was assumed to use: a)Sensors: -‐ Front camera -‐ CMOS camera connected to the MCU, for example PPV401, -‐Camera for eye-‐tracking, -‐ Front sensor (eg, non-‐contact MEMS thermal sensor, Omron D6T-‐44L-‐06) and the ambient air temperature sensor -‐ DS1820 or similar, − as an option – pulse or pulseoximeter sensor − proximity sensor on the border of the eGlasses (utilizing IR or Ultrasound reflection) − microphones – eg. Made in MEMS technology like ADMP401 or ADMP441 − other sensors (gyroscopic, accelerometers, compass (eg. LSM303DLHC, ADXRS450) b) actuators − micro-‐display − earphones with energy-‐saving amplifier − microvibrators on circumference of the eGlasses (haptic devices) 1.1 Basic requirements Initial requirements for processors were specified based on the assumptions in the project proposal text and based on initial analysis of the state of the art: 4 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
The processor should be: at least two core, clocked at least 1GHz, at least 1GB RAM, Flash memory support, at least 6GB handle at least 2 cameras USB support at least 2.0 operate the display RGB / HDMI interfaces support WiFi, Bluetooth BLE, GPIO, at least 2xUART, I2C, support for audio as small as possible power consumption 2. The preferred solution presupposes the availability of the processor in module of the smallest dimensions of the available and connectors for installation and use 3. The access for the technical documentation of the processor or/and module is required 2. The MCU and SOC overview This section describes the available processors and System-‐On-‐Chip solutions, which can be used in the construction of the base platform of the eGlasses. The analysis includes processors available from several leading suppliers as: Texas Instruments, Qualcomm, NVIDIA, Samsung and Intel. Review includes solutions used in popular mobile devices from Media Tech and Rock Chip. 2.1 Solutions form the Texas Instruments – OMAP Family In this section analysis of the solutions from Texas Instruments has been performed. This focuses mainly on units from OMAP4 and OMAP5 families. 2.1.1. The OMAP 4 family Figure 1 and 2 shows the block diagram of the selected OMAP 4 processors. 5 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the OMAP44x (source http://embeddedsystemnews.com/texas-‐instruments-‐announces-‐the-‐omap4440-‐
applications-‐processor.html) Fig. 2. Block diagram of the http://www.makelinux.net/ti/docs/OMAP4460/doc-‐276) OMAP44x (source: 6 : The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Essential parameters of the solution: • ARM Cortex-‐A9 MPCore – Two ARM Cortex-‐A9 central processing units (CPUs) – ARM Version 7 ISA™: Standard ARM instruction set plus Thumb®-‐2, Jazelle® RCT and Jazelle DBX Java™ accelerators – Neon™ SIMD coprocessor and VFPv3 per CPU – Interrupt controller (Cortex-‐A9 MPU INTC) with up to 128 interrupt requests – One general-‐purpose timer and one watchdog timer per CPU – Debug and trace features – 32-‐KB instruction and 32-‐KB data level 1 (L1) caches per CPU • Shared 1-‐MB level 2 (L2) cache • 48 KB bootable ROM • Local power, reset, and clock management (PRCM) module • Emulation features • Digital phase-‐locked loop (DPLL) Clock ranges from 0,8GHz to 1,5GHz (depending on the model 4430, 4460, 4470). For designed solution the clock of the CPU should be as high as 1,2-‐1,5GHz. Camera and display supporting hardware onboard Power consumption: -‐ no valid data on the net. Module manufactures and developers support Linux and Android Operating Systems. It is possible to use as a simple platform for testing Phone: Samsung Galaxy Nexus, built using the OMAP 4 processor • Face detection core with embedded DMA engine for data memory access • RAM and ROM memories • L3 and L4 port interfaces More information in the documentation (about 6000 pages): http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/swpu235aa/swpu235aa.pdf In the figure 3 selected OMAP4 candidates are compared. (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMAP) 7 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 3. Brief comparison of the OMAP44x family (from Wikipedia and manufacturer data) Pros: Performance Cons: lack of support, no samples, outdated in the near future. 2.1.2. The OMAP 5 family In Figure 4 block diagram of the OMAP5 SoC is shown. 8 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 4. The OMAP5430 SoC block diagram (source: http://www.ti.com/general/docs/wtbu/wtbuproductcontent.tsp?templateId=6123&na
vigationId=12842&contentId=103102) In fig. 5 the selection and basic parameters of the OMAP5 family SoC are presented. Fig. 5. Brief comparison of the OMAP54xx family (from Wikipedia and manufacturer data) (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMAP) 2.1.3. Evaluation boards with the OMAP SoC's Among the modules of the OMAP 4 processor the best in terms of the parameters is Variscite DART-‐4460. The main advantages are small size module, WiFi / Bluetooth 4 and the connector positioned so that it is easy to expand the module in the housing glasses. The module is shown in the picture (Figure 6).. Fig. 6. The view on the DART-‐4460 (source: http://www.variscite.com/products/system-‐on-‐module-‐som/cortex-‐a9/dart-‐4460-‐cpu-‐
ti-‐omap-‐4-‐omap4460?gclid=CKrwptrD1b0CFUcTwwodBmcA5Q) In fig. 7 a block diagram of dhe DART module is shown. 9 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 7. Block diagram of the DART-‐4460 (source: http://www.variscite.com/products/system-‐on-‐module-‐som/cortex-‐a9/dart-‐4460-‐cpu-‐
ti-‐omap-‐4-‐omap4460?gclid=CKrwptrD1b0CFUcTwwodBmcA5Q) Table 1 is showing basic parameters of the DART module declared by the manufacturer. Tab. 1. Basic parameters of the DART-‐4460 module (from web page of the manufacturer). (source: www.variscite.com) 10 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
It is worth noting that the module supports 2 cameras (serial interface) or an additional camera on the parallel interface. The energy consumption of the module (temperature 25C) illustrates the tab. 2 Tab. 2. Energy consumption by DART-‐4460 Module (based on manufacturer)(source: www.variscite.com) 11 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
For the module evaluation kit is available. An illustration of the set shown in Figure 8 Fig. 8. Evaluation board for the DART module (source: www.variscite.com) Tab. 3. Basic parameters of the plate / set boot (based on manufacturer) (source: www.variscite.com) 12 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
In January 2014 the producers also presented the idea of building electronic glasses using DART module, like the Google Glass glasses. A copy of the information is presented in Figure 9. 13 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 9. A copy of the information from the announcement of glasses electronic module using DART-‐4460 (source: www.variscite.com) In summary module DART-‐4460 due to its performance and availability is well suited as a basis for eGlasses base platform. Available processor, due to the long presence on the market and its parameters, may soon become outdated. 2.2. The Snapdragon from Qualcomm In Figure 10 shows the general characteristics of the Snapdragon family of processors. 14 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 10. The general characteristics of the Snapdragon family of processors (www.qualcomm.com) For detaliled data one has to be a Qualcomm Reference Designs (https://qrd.qualcomm.com) For device manufacturers, QRD includes the tools and resources to quickly and cost effectively commercialize a device: including access to providers of third party software applications and hardware components which have been tested against various QRDs 15 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
and deliver the features and capabilities designed to appeal to today’s demanding consumers. Registration is required. Qualcomm offers some kind of support for the developers https://developer.qualcomm.com/ Available SDK -‐ Computer Vision (FastCV) and interesting Augmented Reality (Vuforia). These are very important properties for the development of eGlasses platform. Detailed characteristics of selected processors is available after logging in to the QRD on Quallcomm web pages. However, after the registration on the manufacturer's website there is only little more information available than without the registration. Qualcomm provides the technical documents only to its official partners. The Fig. 11 presents the screenshot of the browser screen, indicating that the specific records are available only for the partner institutions. Fig. 11. The screenshot of the browser screen, indicating that the specific records are available only for the partner institutions (source https://support.cdmatech.com/login/) 16 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
2.3. Tegra (NVIDIA) The interesting module is the SMARC-‐sAT30. This is a Ultra Low-‐Power SMARC Module based on Nvidia® Tegra® 3. This SoC has a dimension (82/50mm). Typical energy consumption is about 5W. In comparison with the Intel Z2760 Clover Trail (Atom) Tegra is less energy efficient (Fig. 12). Fig. 12 Energy consumption Nvidia Tegra 3 (http://yzk.me/archives/6278) In Fig. 13 the block diagram of the Nvidia Tegra 3 is presented. 17 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 13 Block diagram of the TEGRA 3 The processor is described by the following set of features: • 4 cores up to 1.6GHz + fifth core for low energy modes. • RAM type DDR3-‐L up to 1500MHz; LPDDR2 up to 1066MHz; Memory limit 2GB • Main camera: 32MP • Auxiliary camera 5MP • Simultaneous dual display service, • Technologu 40nm • 12 cores of GPU In Fig. 14 the multiplexing of cameras for Tegra 3 is presented. 18 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 14. Camera multiplexing with TEGRA3 Limited technical documentation (2331 pages) is available after the registration to the NVIDIA DEVELOPER ZONE. Limited information about energy consumption is available. Minimum order of Nvidia is 100,000 pieces. Order less than 100,000 can be realized only by one of the partners of the site: https://developer.nvidia.com/tegra-‐hardware-‐
sales-‐inquiries where they are mainly engaged in the sale of modules. 2.3.2 Nvidia Tegra 4 The main properties of the Tegra 4 processors: • 4 cores ARM Cortex-‐A15 • Clock up to 1.9GHz • RAM: DDR3L / LPDDR3; 4GB max • HDMI ultraHD • LTE as an option (built in) • 72 cores GPU • Dual display simultaneously • Ability to connect up to 3 cameras via MIPI-‐CSI and the simultaneous use of two of them • Technology 28nm In Fig. 15 the block diagram of the Tigra 4 processor is presented. 19 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 15 Block diagram of the Nvidia Tegra 4 There is no detailed information on energy consumption. Purchase and availability options similar to Tegra3.. The interesting feature of the Tegra processors is the integration with OpenCV library (Fig. 16). 20 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 16 Information about OpenCV integration with the TEGRA4 2.3.3 APALIS T30 In Fig. 17 Apolis T30 module is presented. Fig. 17. View of the Apalis T30 (source: https://www.linux.com/news/galleries/10-‐hot-‐
new-‐linux-‐ready-‐embedded-‐arm-‐modules/toradex-‐apalis-‐t30) Features of the Apalis T30 are following: Processor • NVIDIA Tegra 3 quad-‐core Cortex-‐A9 MPcore • Each of the 4 cores has 32kB Instruction and 32kB Data Level 1 caches • 1MB shared Level 2 cache • VFP Vector Floating Point Unit (Double Precision) • NEON single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instruction set extension Memory • 2GB DDR3 RAM (32 Bit) • 2GB eMMC FLASH Interfaces • PCI-‐Express (5x lanes, x1 and x4 configuration) • USB 2.0 high speed OTG (host/device) • USB 2.0 high speed host (2x) • Gigabit Ethernet (1x) • SATA (1x) • DSI (2x lane) • CSI (2x lane) • HDA/I2S Digital Audio • Dual channel LVDS • LCD RGB (2048x1536) • HDMI 1.3 1080p (1920x1080) • VGA (WUXGA) • Touch Screen (4 wire) • Audio I/O (16 Bit stereo) 21 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
CMOS/CCD Image Sensor Interface (12MP) I2C (3x) SPI (2x) UART (4x) SDCard (1x 4Bit, 1x 8Bit) IrDA (1x) PWM (4x) ADC (4x) One-‐Wire (1x) Keypad S/PDIF Up to 127 GPIOs Supported operating systems • Windows CE 6 / Windows Embedded Compact 7 • Embedded Linux L4T (Linux 4 Tegra) The smallest board it way to large for eGlasses as a core platform •
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2.4. Exynos (Samsung) Fig 18. Basic summary Exynos (source: http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Exynos) 2.4.1 Samsung Exynos 4412 The most interesting properties of the processor are: 22 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Quad-‐core ARM Cortex-‐A9 Technology 32nm Low power – 30% more efficient than SOC in 45nm technology CPU frequency up to 1.4/1.6GHz RAM LPDDR2 / DDR3 Package on Package (PoP) The overall architecture is shown in Figure 19. Fig. 19. Block diagram and architecture of the Exynos 4 (source: http://www.cnx-‐
software.com/2012/04/27/samsung-‐officially-‐unveils-‐the-‐quad-‐core-‐cortex-‐a9-‐
exynos-‐4412/) The processor supports multiple cameras simultaneously (two), below a fragment of technical documentation on this subject: Multimedia The features of multimedia are: · Camera Interface -‐ Multiple input support o ITU-‐R BT 601/656 mode o DMA (AXI 64-‐bit interface) mode o MIPI (CSI) mode o Direct FIFO mode (from LCDC) -‐ Multiple output support o DMA (AXI 64-‐bit interface) mode o Direct FIFO mode (to LCDC) -‐ Digital Zoom In (DZI) capability -‐ Multiple camera input support -‐ Programmable polarity of video sync signals -‐ Input horizontal size support up to 4224 pixels for scaled and 8192 pixels for un-‐scaled resolution -‐ Image mirror and rotation (X-‐axis mirror, Y-‐axis mirror, 90°, 180°, and 270° rotation) 23 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
-‐ Various image formats generation -‐ Capture frame control support -‐ Image effect support Image Signal Processing Subsystem The features of ISP subsystem are: · Dual camera input · Image signal processing · Dynamic range correction · Face detection Wide range of peripherals: • 3x SPI • 8xI2C • 4xUART • USB2.0 high speed (480Mbps) / host • 4xSD/SDIO/HS-‐mmc interface • 3x 24-‐bit I2S • HDMI • RTC Advanced power management for mobile devices. (Unfortunately, the documentation does not charge contains detailed information after the following: · Thermal Management Unit (TMU) · Power Management -‐ Clock-‐gating control for components -‐ Various low power modes are available, such as Idle, Stop, Deep Stop, Deep Idle, and Sleep modes -‐ Wake up sources in sleep mode are: o External interrupts o RTC alarm o Tick timer o Key interface -‐ Wake up sources of Stop and Deep Stop mode are: o MMC o Touch screen interface o System timer o Entire wake up sources of Sleep mode -‐ Wake up sources of Deep Idle mode are: o 5.1 channel I2S o Wake up source of Stop mode The processor has been used, among others, Samsung Galaxy Note2 (1.6GHz), Samsung Galaxy S3 (1.4GHz) 24 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
At the moment, the lack of information about the possibility of purchase, pricing, minimum order quantity etc. 2.4.2 Samsung Exynos 5250 The most important properties of the processor are: − Dual-‐core ARM Cortex-‐A15 − Technology 32nm − Low power – 30% more efficient than 45nm − Frequency up to 1.7GHz − RAM LPDDR2 / DDR3 LPDDR3 Package on Package (PoP) The general architecture of the processor is presented in Figure 20. Fig. 20. General architecture of the Exynos 5250 (source: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/08/new-‐samsung-‐cortex-‐a15-‐based-‐chip-‐opens-‐
door-‐to-‐retina-‐android-‐tablets/) Key features for the base-‐platform creation: · Two ports (4-‐lanes) MIPI CSI2 interfaces · One port (4-‐lanes) low power eDP · One port (4-‐lanes) MIPI DSI · USB 3.0 device or Host 1-‐channel that supports SS (5 Gbps) with on-‐chip PHY · USB 2.0 Host or Device 1-‐channel that supports LS/FS/HS (1.5 Mbps/12 Mbps/480 Mbps) with on-‐chip PHY · USB HSIC 2-‐channel that supports 480 Mbps with on-‐chip PHY · Four channel high-‐speed UART (up to 3 Mbps data rate for Bluetooth 2.1 EDR and IrDA 1.0 SIR) 25 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
· Three channel high-‐speed SPI · Four channel I2C interface support (up to 400 kbps) for PMIC, HDMI, and general-‐
purpose multi-‐masters · Four channel HS-‐I2C (up to 3.1 Mbps) · Samsung Reconfiguration Processor supports low power audio play · Cortex-‐A5 low power co-‐processor · MIPI HSI version 1.0 that supports 200 Mbps full-‐duplex · HDMI 1.4 interfaces with on-‐chip PHY · Eight-‐bit ITU 601 camera interface · Multi-‐format Video Hardware Codec: 1080p 60fps (capable of decoding and encoding MPEG-‐4/H.263/H.264 and decoding only MPEG-‐2/VC1/VP8) · 3D and 2D graphics hardware that supports OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0, OpenVG 1.1, and OpenCL 1.1 full profile · Image Signal Processor that supports BayerRGB up to 14-‐bit input with 16 MP 15 fps, 8 MP 30 fps through MIPI CSI2 & YUV 8-‐bit interfaces and special functionalities such as 3-‐dimensional noise Simplified block diagram is shown in fig. 21.: 26 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 21. Simplified block diagram of the Exynos5250 (source: http://www.pyrustek.com/us/?menuType=product&mode=view&act=list&page=&sear
chField=&searchKey=&lcate=001&mcate=&scate=&fcate=&sort=RD&prodCode=20140
21000002&searchIcon6=&searchIcon7=&searchIcon8=&searchIcon9=&searchColor=&s
earchSize=&pr_no=&searchStartPrice=&searchEndPrice=) Power Management · Clock-‐off control for individual components · Various power-‐down modes are available, such as Idle, Deep Idle, Stop, Deep Stop, and Sleep modes · Wake-‐up by one of the external interrupts or by the RTC alarm interrupt · Low power co-‐processor ARM Cortex-‐A5 This SoC is utilized in Samsung Chromebook and HP Chromebook 11 27 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
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eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
In the above statement the processor Exynos 5 Octa (8-‐core 28nm process technology) is omitted because the technical information was not available from the manufacturer's website during development of this report. 2.4.3 Exynos 4412 Prime Quad Core CPU module from ODROID The very interesting module with the Exynos 4412 is available as a ODROID system. It is suitable for the purpose of the eyewear platform because it is a small and powerful module. Official information: Processor : Samsung Exynos4412 Cortex-‐A9 Quad Core Speed : 1.7GHz GPU : Mali-‐400 Quad-‐core 440MHz Memory : LPDDR2 RAM 2Gbyte (POP) PMIC : MAX77686 HSIC-‐USB Hub : USB3503A Size : 43 x 25 mm Fig. 22. Apperance of the modules withe the Exynos SoC form ODROID (source: http://hardkernel.com/main/products/prdt_info.php?g_code=G135270682824) Price 125 $, Price of the connectors set 20 $ 28 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 23 The connectors set (source: http://hardkernel.com/main/products/prdt_info.php?g_code=G135270682824) Fig. 24. The blockdiagram of the hardkernel module (source: http://hardkernel.com/main/products/prdt_info.php?g_code=G135270682824) fig. 25 Comparison of the size of the module (source: http://hardkernel.com/main/products/prdt_info.php?g_code=G135270682824) 29 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Most of the processor pins are available on B2B connectors (board to board). Looking at the names of pins in the documentation, at least two camera interfaces are brought out to the connector. Detailed information such schemes are available after the purchase of the module. For the described module there is no specific information about power consumption. However, there is a table with the power consumption for the described module connected to the motherboard, offered from the same manufacturer: Fig. 26. Declared by the manufacturer power consumption Shipping within 7 days of purchase with South Korea, shipping cost $ 30 Possible to run Android 4.x & Ubuntu BSP 2.5. Intel mobile solutions Intel Atom family of processors is interesting because of the power of the processors and relative low power consumption. The Intel Z2760 Clover Trail is specially interesting. The block diagram is presented in Fig. 27. 30 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 27. Block diagram showing features of the Intel Atom Z2760 Clover Trail (source : http://www.intel.pl/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-‐
briefs/atom-‐z2760-‐datasheet.pdf) The most important properties of the processor: • AtomTMProcessorZ2760-‐System-‐On-‐Chip (SoC) — 32nmhigh-‐k/metal gate transistor technology • Compact Co-‐POP Package ◦ — 14mmx14mm,760balls,0.483mm pitch ◦ — Support Dual Channel 32-‐bit LPDDR2-‐800 Co-‐POP memory technology • Intel® AtomTM Microarchitecture • Programmable ISP — Glue-‐less interface to CMOS sensors with MIPI CSI-‐2 interface 31 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
— High resolution still image 8 Mpixel — Video-‐2Mpixel — Supports Auto-‐
Exposure, Auto-‐White — Balance, and Auto-‐Focus • Storage — • — IntelSmartCache,1MBL2 • — Intel®Hyper-‐Threading Technology — eMMC4.41 — SD/SDHC(SD2.0) • 6 Master I2C controllers — Supports fast, and standard speed modes • SPIController — 1PMICinterface • USB 2.0 High Speed Interfaces — 2x USB Interfaces via ULPI • UART — 3x 16550 compliant UART controllers — Upto3.6864Mbaudrate • Intel®Smart Sound Technology(Intel® SST) — Low power programmable codec to decode/ encode popular audio formats • Flexible GPIO configuration — Configurable mux with functional blocks — Always on GPIOs to enable wake events — Core power GPIOs shutdown in sleep mode • Test Interface — IEEE-‐1149.1andIEEE1149.7(JTAG) Boundary Scan • Intel Smartand Secure Technology — Programmable engine — Low power • Application Examples — Tablets — Tablet Convertible Devices (Intel® HT Technology) — Enhanced data prefetcher and enhanced register access manager — Enhanced Intel® Smart Idle Technology-‐ C6/S0i1/S0i3 power reduction features • — Enhanced Intel Speed Step®Technology • — Digital ThermalSensor(DTS) • — Intel®BurstTechnology • 2D/3DGraphicsCore — DirectX*9.3,OpenVG*1.1,OpenGL-‐ ES*2.0, OpenGL* 2.1 support • Hardware accelerated video encode and decode — 1080pvideoencode — 1080pvideodecode • Display Controller — x4Interface — MIPI-‐DSIport — HDMI1.3ainterface • System Memory Interface — DualChannel32-‐bitLPDDR2Interface — Supports1GB,2GBtotalcapacity — Supportsarateof800MTS Intel® Atom™ Processor Z2760 (1MB Cache, 1.80 GHz) SPECIFICATIONS -‐ Essentials Status Launched Launch Date Q3'12 Processor Number Z2760 32 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
# of Cores 2 # of Threads 4 Clock Speed 1.8 GHz L2 Cache 1 MB Instruction Set 32-‐bit Embedded Options Available No Lithography 32 nm Recommended Customer Price T&R : $41.00 TRAY: $41.00 -‐ Memory Specifications Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type) 2 GB Memory Types LPDDR2-‐800 # of Memory Channels 2 Max Memory Bandwidth 6.4 GB/s ECC Memory Supported ‡ No -‐ Graphics Specifications Processor Graphics ‡ Integrated Graphics Base Frequency 533 MHz -‐ Package Specifications Package Size 14mm x 14mm Sockets Supported FC-‐MB4760 Low Halogen Options Available See MDDS -‐ Advanced Technologies Intel® Hyper-‐Threading Technology ‡ Yes Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-‐x) ‡ No Intel® Atom™ Processor Z3770D (2M Cache, up to 2.41 GHz) SPECIFICATIONS -‐ Essentials Status Launched Launch Date Q3'13 Processor Number Z3770D # of Cores 4 # of Threads 4 Clock Speed 1.5 GHz Burst Frequency 2.41 GHz Cache 2 MB Embedded Options Available No 33 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Lithography 22 nm Scenario Design Power (SDP) 2.2 W Recommended Customer Price TRAY: $37.00 -‐ Memory Specifications Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type) 2 GB Memory Types DDR3L-‐RS 1333 # of Memory Channels 1 Max Memory Bandwidth 10.6 GB/s ECC Memory Supported ‡ No -‐ Graphics Specifications Processor Graphics ‡ Intel® HD Graphics Graphics Base Frequency 313 MHz Graphics Burst Frequency 688 MHz Intel® Quick Sync Video Yes Intel® Clear Video HD Technology Yes Intel® Wireless Display Yes Intel® Insider™ Yes -‐ Package Specifications TJUNCTION 90°C Package Size 17mm x 17mm Sockets Supported UTFCBGA1380 Low Halogen Options Available See MDDS -‐ Advanced Technologies Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-‐x) ‡ Yes Intel® 64 ‡ Yes Intel® Identity Protection Technology ‡ Yes Intel® Data Protection Technology AES New Instructions Yes Secure Key Yes Intel® Platform Protection Technology Anti-‐Theft Technology Yes Evaluation modules for the Intel Atom: 1. The Intel® Atom™ processor E660 with Intel® Platform Controller Hub EG20T development kit for in-‐vehicle infotainment, entry-‐level digital signage, hand-‐held retail, industrial, and low-‐power medical patient monitoring systems applications includes the Intel® Atom™ processor E660 in the ball grid array (BGA) package, 1.3GHz, integrated graphics, and the integrated Intel® I/O Controller Hub EG20T. Features include PCIe* 1.0, SATA 2.0, USB 2.0, DDR2 800MHz, Serial Digital Video Out (SDVO), and 18/24-‐bit 34 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
low-‐voltage differential signalling (LVDS) display options. Other I/O includes trusted platform module (TPM), controller area network (CAN) bus, SD/SDIO/MMC, PS/2, and Gigabit Ethernet ports. The board is shipped with heat sink and 1GB 800MHZ DDR2 memory soldered down.
Fig. 28. Evaluation board with the Clover Trail SoC 2. Minnow Board The basic problem with Intel Atom: require a lot of peripherals. Implementation of the evaluation board with small dimensions is virtually impossible with this processor. Fig. 29. The Minnow Borad (http://pl.mouser.com/new/MinnowBoard/minnowboard-‐
E640/, www.minnow.org) Parameters: 35 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 30 Parameters of the Minnow Board Intel Edison – description During this year (2014) CES, Brian Krzanich, managing director, Intel showed a microcomputer Edison, built around a Quark SoC, presented for the first time during the recent Intel Development Forum. The unit is located entirely above mentioned enclosure size SD card. Fig. 31. Intel Edison promo and overview (source: http://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/386362/intel-‐edison-‐an-‐sd-‐card-‐sized-‐pc-‐for-‐wearable-‐
computing) As an CPU in the Edison is used SoC Quark ( X2000 ? ). It has two cores. In Edison will also find a radio system that provides connectivity to the Wi -‐Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy. The computer runs under Linux. 36 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Initial statements by Intel to use Quark devices on wearable were confirmed in a speech Krzanicha, which focused mainly on what we wear on the body -‐ talked about smart headphones with a biometric sensor, intelligent headset or a wireless smart charger. Devices worn on the body are not yet widespread and popular, because they are useful in solving real problems, are not yet integrated with our mode of life and lifestyle . Edison appear on the market is in mid-‐2014. Edison parameters: CPU : Intel Quark 2000 (dual core 400MHz) SoC − Wifi i BT Le integrated − OS: Linux − RAM -‐ no data − Pobór mocy : no data 2.6. MediaTek mobile SoC's Fig 32 shows short description of selected SoC's from MediaTek. Fig. 32. Comparison of selectet MediaTek SoC's (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaTek) On the pages of the company is a little information so-‐called "white papers" on how to min energy management in these processors. Despite attempts, however, failed to 37 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
obtain information on how to purchase small quantities of selected processors or sets of evaluation. The whole production is closed in commercial devices in the market. 2.7 RockChip Rockchip is a series of SoC (System on Chip) integrated circuits manufactured by Fuzhou Rockchip Electronics company. These integrated circuits are mainly for embedded systems applications in mobile entertainment devices such smartphones, tablets, e-‐
books, set-‐top boxes, media players, personal video and MP3 players. Due to their evolution from the MP3/MP4 player market most Rockchip ICs feature advanced media decoding logic but lack integrated cellular radio basebands. Rockchip is an ARM licensee and uses the ARM architecture for the majority of its projects Table 2: Models of SoC manufactured by the RockChip company (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockchip) Semicond CPU Memory Ava
Model Utilizing uctor Instructio CPU GPU Technolo ilab
Number Devices technology n Set gy ility 200
RK2601 180 nm 6 RK2602 RK2606 180 nm SDRAM RK2608 RK2610 RK2616 300 MHz RK2618 300 MHz SDRAM RK2619 640 MHz SDRAM 200
RK2706 ARMv5TEJ ARM7EJ 7 RK2708 320 MHz Single-‐
RK2718 ARMv5 core ARM9 RK2728 600 MHz Single-‐
201
RK2738 ARMv5  SDRAM TouchMe,[16] core 0 ARM9 RK2806 ARMv5 TEJ 600 MHz SDRAM, 200 38 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
RK2808 eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Single-‐
core ARM9 Single-‐
ARMv5 TEJ core ARM9 RK2918 55 nm RK2926 RK2928 40 nm Up To Mali-‐
1.2 GHz 400 M
ARMv7-‐A Single-‐
P core ARM (330 M
Cortex-‐A9 Hz) RK3026 RK3066 40 nm DDR3, DDR3L RAM support Up to Mali-‐ DDR3, 1.0 GHz 400 M DDR3L ARMv7-‐A Dual-‐core P (Dual RAM ARM core) support Cortex-‐A9 Up to Mali-‐ LPDDR2, 1.6 GHz 400 M DDR3, ARMv7-‐A Dual-‐core P DDR3L ARM (Quad support, 200
9 Yifang M5 Craig 738a, X638, C901, M7 CMP-‐
Benss ACHO Yifang Videocon VT71,[18] Innovel I703W Avoca 7″ Tablet STB7012[19] Cube U25GT, Double Power(Dopo) 201 M-‐975, 2 Touchmate TM-‐MID720, Denver TAC-‐
70072 Blow Dec WhiteTAB 7.2 201
Multimedia 3 tablet, 201
ARMv7-‐A 2 39 DDR and DDR2 200
RAM 9 support, up to 1 GB 560 MHz DDR and Single-‐
DDR2 ARMv5 TEJ core RAM ARM9 support DDR and 640 MHz DDR2 Single-‐
ARMv5 TEJ RAM core support, ARM9 up to 4 GB 1.0 To DDR, 1.2 GHz Vivant DDR2, 201
ARMv7-‐A Single-‐
e DDR3 1 core ARM GC800 RAM Cortex-‐A8 support RK2818 560 MHz Single-‐
ARMv5 TEJ core ARM9 RK2808A RK2816 DDR RAM 9 support The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
RK3168 28 nm HKMG RK3188 28 nm HKMG RK3288 28 nm HKMG eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Cortex-‐A9 core, up to 2 GB 250 M
Hz) Up to Power
LPDDR2, 1.2 GHz VR SGX DDR3, 201
ARMv7-‐A Dual-‐core 540 ARMv7-‐A DDR3L 3 ARM (400 M
support Cortex-‐A9 Hz) Mali-‐
Up to 400 M LPDDR2, 1.6 GHz P4 DDR3, 201
ARMv7-‐A Quad-‐core (Quad DDR3L ARMv7-‐A 3 ARM core, support, Cortex-‐A9 533 M up to 2 GB Hz) Dual Up to channel 1.8 GHz LPDDR2, Quad-‐core Mali-‐ DDR3, 201
ARMv7-‐A ARM T764 DDR3L, 4 Cortex-‐
LPDDR3 A17 support, up to 2 GB On the www.rock-‐chip.com available in English, there is a lot of information on how to use the company's processors. These reference designs m.in devices such as tablets. RochChip processors are used in computers min connected to the TV with a USB flash drive size. 40 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig. 33. Examples of the devices utilizing RockChip SoC (source: www.rock-‐chips.com/) Unfortunately, the manufacturer is not interested in the promotion or sale of processors in small amounts. Request sent by the Web page remained unanswered for at least 4 weeks. 41 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
2.8 Freescale processors The i.MX 6 series unleashes the industry’s first truly scalable multicore platform that includes single-‐, dual-‐ and quad-‐core families based on the ARM® Cortex™-‐A9 architecture. Together with a robust ecosystem, the i.MX 6 series provides the ideal platform to develop a portfolio of end devices based on a single hardware design. With high-‐performance multimedia processing, pin*-‐ and software-‐ compatible product families and integrated power management, the i.MX 6 series is purpose built for the new era of smart devices. *Four of five families are pin-‐compatible The i.MX 6 applications processor is a Freescale Energy-‐Efficient Solutions product. Fig. 34 Block Diagram of the iMx 6 Solo SoC (source: http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/taxonomy.jsp?code=IMX6X_SERIES) i.MX6 based modules The RIoTboard open source development platform is a low-‐cost, fully-‐featured, single-‐
board computer developed to address the needs of demanding applications requiring high levels of processing power on an open source platform. The RIoTboard is first and foremost an open-‐source board with detailed schematics available for download for use in your design. Additionally, the RIoTboard community also provides an Android OS distribution for applications requiring tablet and mobile experiences. A distribution of Linux can also be downloaded. 42 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
The RIoTboard is a fully-‐featured development platform with just the right peripherals, expandability and processor power to run your open source project. The board features the Freescale i.MX 6Solo applications processor, using an ARM® Cortex®-‐A9 architecture. The 1 GHz processor allows for OpenGL® ES 2.0 3D graphics accelerator with shader and a 2D graphics accelerator. The device also provides the capability to drive HDMI 1080p video processing and flexible video inputs such as LVDS and CMOS camera options. Freescale’s Kinetis MCU (K20) MCU also is integrated for debug and available for added programming and functionality. The RIoTboard Development Platform Features • Freescale i.MX 6Solo processor based on ARM Cortex-‐A9 architecture, operating at speeds up to 1 GHz. • ARM Cortex A9 MPCore™ Processor operating at 1 GHz • -‐ High-‐performance video processing with SD-‐level and HD-‐level video decoders and SD-‐level encoders • -‐ OpenGL® ES 2.0 3D graphics accelerator with shader and a 2D graphics accelerator • Freescale Kinetis MCU (K20) • Freescale Power Management Integrated Chip (PMIC MMPF0100) • 1GByte of 32-‐bit wide DDR3 @ 800MHz • 4GByte EMMC Flash • Supports Android and GNU/Linux • EMC Compliance -‐ Class B certified Fig. 35 Block Diagram of the RIoTBoard (source: http://www.riotboard.org/) 43 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Another modules based on i.MX6 processor can be found in SODIMM standard package. Common features: • dimension is 66.7x31.0 mm +/-‐2mm • 1GB RAM • 128MB NAND Flash • OS: Windows Embedded, Linux, Android, QNX • advanced GPU with hardware video codecs • camera interface (MIPI DSI/CSI2) • LCD controller, HDMI • OpenGL ES 2.0 hardware accelerator • USB HS Fig.36: TRITON - TX6 from Direct Inisght (source:
http://www.directinsight.co.uk/products/karo/triton-tx6q-imx6q-arm-cortex-A9.html)
TRITON – TX6: • power supply 3.0 to 5.5V • delivers up to 1A at 3.3V Available on http://www.directinsight.co.uk/ 44 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
Fig.37: i.Core M6S/D/Q from ENGICAMTX6Q and Dual-Light Quad Cortex-A9 (source:
https://community.freescale.com/docs/DOC-93343)
i.Core M6S/D/Q: embedded WLAN/Bluettooth Fig.38: TX6 module (source: http://www.karo-electronics.com/tx6.html)
The module is available on Mouser. 45 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.
ERA-NET-CHIST-ERA II
eGLASSES – The interactive eyeglasses for mobile, perceptual computing
3. Summary and conclusions In this document some general information about mobile processors and small boards was presented. The gathered data were mainly collected from the official documents or from the developer’s reports and forums. In general, the problem is availability of new processors in low series for research communities. 3.1. Conclusions New processors designed for smartphones and tablets like NVIDIA Tegra 4/K1, Qualcomm Snapdragon 800, Samsung Exynos 5/6, are very efficient and support high-‐
definition graphics. However, power consumption / heat generated (cooling) are too high for the near to head processing platforms like eGlasses. The 32nm Exynos 5 is based on ARM’s brand new Cortex-‐A15. It is an interesting platform; the first ARM chip to comfortably outperform an x86 design from Intel . Anand’s testing shows that the Cortex-‐A15 chews through power at an impressive rate, comfortably consuming more than 4 watts during load — and that’s with Samsung throttling the CPU and GPU when it hits 4W; the actual TDP allows for up to 8W. Compared to Clover Trail, Krait, and Tegra 3, which all draw less than 2W during load, it is currently (batteries, heat) not acceptable for the near to head processing platforms like eGlasses [1]: An interesting choice could be processors MediaTech Company (Taiwan), however, the support from the producer is limited for research communities. (for example, on the editorial page of the note page does not work). The best solution seems to be the use of the DART-‐4460 module with the TI OMAP 4 Series processor or ODROID module with the Exynos 4 processor. Alternatively there is an option to design the new microprocessor board using Freescale processors, which are available in low series and well documented. 1 http://www.extremetech.com/computing/144778-atom-vs-cortex-a15-vs-krait-vs-tegra-3-which-mobilecpu-is-the-most-power-efficient
46 The eGlasses consortium receives the funding support of NCBiR, FWF,
SNSF, ANR, and FNR in the framework of the ERA-NET CHIST-ERA II.

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