LESSON 3 Getting Started The waiter spills coffee on the girl’s skirt. Why is she not angry? □ She doesn’t mind because the waiter is handsome. □ She knows he didn’t do it on purpose. □ She is glad because she can buy a new skirt. □ She thinks the waiter has a crush on her. □ She thinks that things like this just happen. 56 3 57 Reading 1 The 90-10 secret is incredible ! However, very few know and apply this secret. The result? Millions of people are 2 3 4 suffering undeserved stress, trials , problems, and heartache . They never seem to be a success in life or to enjoy life. 3 5 Bad days follow bad days. Terrible things seem to be 5 6 happening constantly . Stress, lack of joy, and broken 1 relationships are like a smothering blanket. Worry consumes 7 time, anger breaks friendships, and life seems dreary and is not enjoyed to the fullest. 10 Does this describe you? If so, do not be discouraged. You can be different. Understand and apply the 90-10 secret. It will change your life! This is the secret: Ten percent of life is made up of what happens to you. Ninety percent of life is decided by how you react to the other 15 10 percent. 1. incredible [In1krEd@b¬] 難以置信的，驚人的 2. undeserved [%√ndI1z^vd] 不該有的，不應得的 3. trials [1traI@lz] 磨難 4. heartache [1hArt%ek] 心痛，傷心 58 5. constantly [1kAnst@ntlI] 持續地，恆久不變地 6. lack [l{k] 缺乏，缺少 1. smothering [1sm√D@rIµ] 令人窒息的，令人透不過氣的 7. dreary [1drI(@)rI] 無聊的，乏味的 Let me explain. We really have no control over 10 percent of what happens to us. We cannot stop the car from breaking down. The plane may be arriving late, which throws our whole schedule off. A driver may cut us off in traffic. You get the picture. We have no control over this 10 percent. 20 8 The other 90 percent is different. You determine the other 3 90 percent! How? By your reaction. You cannot control a red light, but you can control your reaction. Don’t let people fool you—you can control how you react! Look at the following example. You’re eating breakfast with your family. Your daughter 25 9 knocks over a cup of coffee and it spills onto your business shirt. You have no control over what just happened. What happens next will be determined by how you react. 10 11 You curse . You harshly scold your 30 daughter for knocking the coffee cup over. She breaks down in tears. After scolding her 12 you turn to your spouse and criticize him or 8. determine [dI1t^mIn] 決定 11. harshly [1hArSlI] 嚴厲地 9. spills [spIlz]（使）潑出；（使）溢出 12. spouse [spa¨s] 配偶；夫或妻 10. curse [k^s] 咒罵 59 her for placing the cup too close to the edge of the table. A short 35 13 14 15 16 verbal battle follows. You storm upstairs and change your shirt. 17 Back downstairs you find your daughter has been too busy crying to finish breakfast and get ready for school. She misses the 3 18 19 bus. Your spouse must leave immediately for an errand . You 40 rush to the car and drive your daughter to school. 2 Because you are late, you drive 40 mph on a 30 mph street. A 20 police officer stops you, and after a 15-minute delay and throwing $60 away on a speeding ticket, you arrive at the school. Your daughter runs to the building without saying goodbye. After arriving 45 21 at the office 20 minutes late, you find you forgot your briefcase . Your day has gotten off to a terrible start. As it continues, it seems to get worse and worse. You look forward to going home. 3 When you arrive home, you find a small wedge in your relationship with your spouse and your daughter. This caps off a terrible day. 13. verbal [1v^b¬] 言語的，口頭的 14. battle [1b{t¬] 爭論 15. storm [stOrm] 怒氣沖沖地衝往（某處） 2. mph [%Em pi 1etS] 每小時英里數（時速） 16. upstairs [1√p1stErz] 往樓上；在樓上 20. delay [dI1le] 延遲，耽擱 17. downstairs [1da¨n1stErz] 往樓下；在樓下 21. briefcase [1brif%kes] 手提箱，公事包 18. immediately [I1midIItlI] 立即，馬上 60 19. errand [1Er@nd] 差事，跑腿 3. wedge [wEdZ] 起因 Why did you have a bad day? ________ A Did the coffee cause it? B Did your daughter cause it? C Did the police officer cause it? D Did you cause it? The answer is “D.” You had no control over what 50 55 happened with the coffee. How you reacted in those 5 seconds is what caused your bad day. Here is what could have and should have happened. Coffee splashes22 over you. Your daughter is about to cry. You gently say, “It’s OK, honey. You just need to be more 60 careful next time.” Grabbing a towel, you rush upstairs. After slipping on a new shirt and picking up your briefcase, you come back down in time to look out the window and see your daughter getting on the bus. She turns and waves. You and your spouse kiss before you both 65 go to work. You arrive 5 minutes early and cheerfully23 greet the staff 24. Your boss 25 comments on how well your day seems to be going. 22. splashes [1spl{SIz] 潑；灑 24. staff [st{f]（全體）工作人員，職員 23. cheerfully [1tSIrf@lI] 愉快地 25. comments [1kAmEnts] 發表意見，評論 61 3 70 26 Notice the difference? We have two totally different 4 scenarios . They started the same, but ended differently. Why? Because of how you reacted. You now know the 90-10 secret. Use it and take control of 27 your life. Don’t focus on the 10 percent you can’t change. 3 75 Focus on the 90 percent you can change. —by Arlen Busenitz, from Conversation Magic Comprehension Check I Choose the main idea of the article. (A) By controlling the way you react to situations, your life can be happier and less stressful. (B) There is little you can do to change your life, because it is decided mostly by what happens to you. (C) It is possible to take control of 100 percent of your life if you learn more about yourself. 26. totally [1tot¬I] 完全地 4. scenarios [sI1nErI%oz] 情節；劇本 62 27. focus [1fok@s] 聚焦；集中注意力於（某事） II Choose the best answer to each question. 1. What can make the world seem dreary? (A) Safety and happiness. (B) Satisfaction and control. (C) Worry and anger. (D) Family and love. 2. What are stress, lack of joy, and broken relationships like? (A) A smothering blanket. (B) A speeding ticket. (C) A new shirt. (D) A successful life. 3 3. What is 10 percent of life made up of? (A) What happens to you. (B) What you do. (C) What you really have. (D) How you talk to yourself. 4. What is 90 percent of life decided by? (A) How you treat your family. (B) What you do every day. (C) What you cannot control. (D) How you react to the other 10 percent. 5. What may happen after you criticize your spouse? (A) You may share a big secret. (B) You may have a verbal battle. (C) Your spouse may prepare you a candlelit dinner. (D) Your spouse may kiss you. III Answer the following questions. 1. What are millions of people suffering? 2. Why do many people have bad days after bad days? 3. What should a parent say to his or her daughter when she spills some coffee and makes a mess? 4. What percent of life can we control? 5. What is the 90-10 secret? 63 Vocabulary I Words for production 1. incredible [In1krEd@b¬] adj. extremely good 難以置信的，驚人的似 unbelievable Judy looked incredible in her traditional dress. 3 2. undeserved [%√ndI1z^vd] adj. not supposed to be received; not earned 不該有的，不應得的 deserve [dI1z^v] v. [T] 應受，該得 I didn’t do anything wrong. The punishment is undeserved. Do you believe that a person who kills someone deserves the death penalty? 3. trial [1traI@l] n. [C] a painful experience 磨難； a test to see how well something works 試驗似 test 試驗 The speaker shared with his listeners the trials he had suffered. In trials, the new drug was found to be effective and safe for humans. 4. heartache [1hArt%ek] n. [U] great sadness 心痛，傷心 Whenever he sees his ex-girlfriend, Kevin can still feel the heartache of losing her. 5. constantly [1kAnst@ntlI] adv. all the time 持續地，恆久不變地 constant [1kAnst@nt] adj. 持續的，不斷的 The teacher is constantly telling Benjamin to pay attention in class. I can’t stand the constant noise from the construction site across the street. 6. lack [l{k] n. [U, sing.] not enough of something 缺乏，缺少似 shortage lack v. [T] 欠缺 64 Lack of experience can be a problem when you’re looking for your first job. Jonathan shows a lack of interest in learning English. In my opinion, what Jane lacks is a sense of humor. 7. dreary [1drI(@)rI] adj. uninteresting 無聊的，乏味的似 dull, boring It’s another dreary winter day. Let’s make a fire in the fireplace. 3 8. determine [dI1t^mIn] v. [I, T] to make a decision about something 決定似 decide determined [dI1t^mInd] adj. 已下決心的 determination [dI%t^m@1neS@n] n. [U] 決心 How hard you work now may determine your success in the future. John is determined to study abroad next year. Karen wants to be famous, and she has the determination to make it happen. 9. spill [spIl] v. [I, T] (spill, spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled) to (cause something to) flow or run out of a container（使）潑出；（使）溢出 The boy knocked over his cup and milk spilled all over the floor. 10. curse [k^s] v. [I, T] to use bad words when speaking 咒罵 You shouldn’t curse. It doesn’t sound nice. The drunken man walked wildly down the street, cursing everyone he saw. 11. harshly [1hArSlI] adv. unkindly and cruelly 嚴厲地 harsh [hArS] adj. 嚴厲的似 strict, severe His mother scolded him harshly for failing his midterm exam. The man was so harsh with his dog that I felt sorry for it. 12. spouse [spa¨s] n. [C] a person’s husband or wife 配偶；夫或妻 “Do you take this woman to be your legally wedded spouse?” asked the minister. 65 13. verbal [1v^b¬] adj. using words 言語的，口頭的反 nonverbal Although we didn’t sign a paper, we did have a verbal agreement. 14. battle [ 1b{t¬] n. [C] an argument 爭論； a fight between people or countries 爭鬥，戰役似 war Their battle over the ownership of the intellectual property went on for 3 years. 15. storm [stOrm] v. [I] to go somewhere quickly and angrily 怒氣沖沖地衝往（某處） The man stormed angrily out of the house, leaving his wife alone at the dinner table. 16. upstairs [1√p1stErz] adv. to or on a floor of a house that is higher than the one you are on 往樓上；在樓上 Watch your step when you go upstairs. 17. downstairs [1da¨n1stErz] adv. towards or on a floor of a house that is lower than the one you are on 往樓下；在樓下 “Where is Steve?” “He’s downstairs.” 18. immediately [I1midIItlI] adv. very quickly, with no delay 立即，馬上似 at once, right away Call the police immediately! There’s an accident. 19. errand [1Er@nd] n. [C] a small job that requires a person to go somewhere to get or do something 差事，跑腿 Can you run an errand for me? This letter needs to be mailed today. 20. delay [dI1le] n. [C] the time during which someone or something is late 延遲，耽擱 delay v. [T] 延遲，耽擱 The delay of the project has caused the company to lose a lot of money. Our flight was delayed by three hours due to a bad storm. 66 21. briefcase [1brif%kes] n. [C] a case that is used for carrying documents to work 手提箱，公事包 Jim just bought a new leather briefcase. 22. splash [spl{S] v. [I, T] (for a liquid) to hit something and make a noise 潑；灑 splash n. [C] 潑濺聲；潑濺的液體 The children are having a great time splashing in the stream. 3 He jumped into the pool, making a big splash. 23. cheerfully [1tSIrf@lI] adv. happily 愉快地 cheerful [1tSIrf@l] adj. 愉快的，快活的 The boy looked at his father and smiled cheerfully. Everybody likes her because she is such a cheerful girl. 24. staff [st{f] n. [U, C] the people who work for a company（全體）工作人員，職員似 employee The entire staff are required to dress in suits. 25. comment [1kAmEnt] v. [I] to express ideas or opinions about something 發表意見，評論 comment n. [C] 評論似 remark Mrs. Wu likes to comment on what her neighbors do. “No comment,” said the politician to the reporters. 26. totally [1tot¬I] adv. completely 完全地 total [1tot¬] adj. 全部的 Although they are twins, they look totally different. The total cost for the trip is five thousand dollars per person. 67 27. focus [1fok@s] v. [I] to pay full attention to something 聚焦；集中注意力於（某事）似 concentrate focus n. [U] 焦點 You should focus on the future rather than on the past. The focus of the study is global warming. II Words for recognition 3 1. smothering [1sm√D@rIµ] adj. 令人窒息的，令人透不過氣的 smother [1sm√D_] v. [T] 使窒息，使透不過氣來 2. mph [%Em pi 1etS] abbreviation（miles per hour 的縮寫）每小時英里數（時速） 3. wedge [wEdZ] n. [C] 起因 4. scenario [sI1nErI%o] n. [C] 情節；劇本 Idioms and Phrases 1. to the fullest as much as possible 盡情地，徹底地 She is a cheerful person who enjoys life to the fullest. 2. throw off to cast aside 丟掉； to get rid of 擺脫 It can be hard for a person to throw off his or her bad habits. 3. cut off to block or interrupt 隔斷，阻擋 No one could drive through the mountains, as the road was cut off by fog. 4. get the picture to understand 了解 She tried to tell Jeff that she didn’t want to date him, but he didn’t get the picture. 5. knock over to hit and cause something to fall 擊倒，撞倒 Be careful or you’ll knock over that bucket of water and spill it on the floor. 68 6. cap off to finish something, usually in an impressive way 終結，為 ……畫下句點 The closing ceremonies were capped off with a display of fireworks. 7. be about to to be going to 即將要…… Peter was about to open the door when he heard the phone ring. 8. slip on to quickly put on 迅速穿上 My mother slipped on her coat and rushed to the garage. 9. in time being early enough 及時 3 We’d better take a taxi if we want to get to the station in time for the train. Word Power Common Verbal Reactions negative verbal reactions blame complain criticize cry curse scold scream yell 責備抱怨批評大叫，大哭咒罵責罵尖叫大叫 positive verbal reactions commend compliment congratulate encourage forgive hail praise understand 稱讚褒揚恭喜鼓勵原諒為……喝彩稱讚諒解 69 Grammar Focus I Noun Clauses: A Review 名詞子句的功能與名詞相同，可以當句子的主詞、動詞的受詞、介系詞的受詞、補語和同位語。 Examples 3 1. What happens next will be determined by how you react.（主詞） 2. I wonder whether you can come over this evening.（動詞的受詞） 3. Ten percent of life is made up of what happens to you.（介系詞的受詞） 4. How you reacted in those 5 seconds is what caused your bad day.（主詞補語） 5. The idea that love conquers all has been around for a long time.（同位語） Practice Complete the sentences using the appropriate noun clauses from the box. that he didn’t show up until the meeting was over that you are what you eat that he took the money whether it is going to rain what happened to me in the accident whether he really loves her or just wants her money 1. Leo is an honest person. I don’t believe that he took the money . 2. If you really cared about me, you would want to know . 70 3. It’s quite cloudy today, but it’s still hard to tell . 4. Mr. Wu is always on time. It was strange . 5. If you believed the idea , you would put down those French fries. 6. It’s hard to figure out . II Adverbs vs. Adjectives 形容詞用來修飾名詞，而副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞等。 3 Examples 1. We have two totally different scenarios. They started the same, but ended differently. 2. Catherine is beautiful. She also sings beautifully. Practice Fill in each blank with the correct word. 1. I know you’re in a bad mood because the weather is coldly coldly) today, but you shouldn’t treat people so 2. It was a (hard/hardly) exam. I could cold (cold/ (cold/coldly). (hard/hardly) finish it in time. 3. Edward and Janet are (good/well) students. They do (good/well) on all their exams. 4. If you do your work (happy/happily), you will be a (happy/happily) person. 5. The old lady was still wonder she looked at the doctor so 6. Jane is a (weak/weakly) after the surgery; no (weak/weakly). (careful/carefully) driver. She always drives (careful/carefully). 71 Language Use I One Always Has Choices Peter got a bad grade on his English test. What should he do? The following are some different ways that he can choose to react to the situation. He can give up on English this semester 3 and fail the class. He can discuss the mistakes he made on the test with his English teacher. He can cheat on the next exam. He can study harder and try to pass the next English exam. II Different Reactions Make One’s Life Different The following are different scenarios based on how Peter might react. Using the different reactions above, fill in the consequences of each step to find out how each scenario has a different ending. Scenario 1 72 He decides to He follows his figure out what is teacher’s advice wrong with the and also studies way he studies English for an English. hour every day. Scenario 2 He ignores his grade on He gets caught the test and lies to his by the teacher. parents about it. 3 Conversation Bruce comes home from work angrily. His wife, Marilyn, tries to help him out. 1 Bruce : I am so furious ! I can’t believe that no one at the meeting today 2 would agree to my proposal ! 73 3 Marilyn: Honey, please stop screaming . Bruce: I can’t help it. No one was paying attention at all. It makes me so angry. Marilyn: Well, maybe you didn’t present4 your ideas in quite the right way. Bruce: Of course I did! No one would even listen to me. Marilyn: Perhaps you came on too strong. Sometimes you can be kind of demanding5, you know. 3 6 7 Bruce: But I’m the supervisor ! I’m supposed to be forceful . And they are supposed to listen to me! Marilyn: Can I ask you something? Bruce: Yeah, yeah, what is it? Marilyn: Well ... did you lose your temper at the meeting today? Bruce: Oh, I might have. I guess I was just impatient, and I let it all out. Marilyn: Well, honey, I know you’re under a lot of stress at work, but I still think you have to try to control your temper. Bruce: I know, I know. Marilyn: You only make things more stressful for yourself, and for others. And people will never listen to you if you have a bad temper. Bruce: You’re right. So what should I do? How can I change? Marilyn: Well, you can remember “Rule Number 6.” Bruce: Rule Number 6? What’s that? Marilyn: Don’t you remember? We read it together in a book called The Art of Possibility. Rule Number 6 is: “Don’t take yourself so seriously.” Bruce: Ah, yes. That’s right. That is good advice. By the way, if that’s Number 6, what are the other rules? Marilyn: Don’t worry about the others. Number 6 is the only one you need to remember. 74 1. furious [1fj¨rI@s] adj. 生氣的，憤怒的 Useful Expressions 2. proposal [pr@1poz¬] n. 提案，提議 1. I can’t help it. 我忍不住。 3. scream [skrim] v. 大叫，吼叫 2. No one would even listen to me. 4. present [prI1zEnt] v. 提出，呈現當時沒人聽我的話呀。 5. demanding [dI1m{ndIµ] adj. 苛求的 3. How can I change? 我要怎麼改呢？ 6. supervisor [1sup_%vaIz_] n. 主管 4. Don’t you remember? 你不記得啦？ 7. forceful [1forsf@l] adj. 有說服力的，強而有力的 5. That’s right. That is good advice. 沒錯。那是好建議。 3 Listening Listen to the dialogues and choose the correct answer to each question. 1. (A) She had a car accident. (B) She didn’t care about the meeting. (C) She was caught in a traffic jam. (D) She was watching the TV news. 2. (A) His girlfriend has a new boyfriend. (B) His girlfriend is going to America. (C) He is breaking up with his girlfriend. (D) He wants to prove his love. 3. (A) That he was kind to his son. (B) That he was harsh with his son. (C) That he doesn’t like his son. (D) That he should go out with his son. 4. (A) She dropped a cake. (C) She yelled at the man. (B) She needed napkins. (D) She got very angry. 5. (A) He will call his wife now. (B) He will give his wife some advice. (C) He will have another verbal battle. (D) He will buy a card and flowers. 75 Writing Writing a letter of condolence 依照西方禮儀，通常在聽聞有親友去世或遭逢不幸時，會寫一封慰問函，以表哀悼及關懷。以下是英文慰問函的常用語。 1. I am so sorry for your loss. 2. I don’t know what to say. 3. I am sending you my deepest sympathy. 4. Please don’t despair. 5. I’m wishing you strength and peace in this time of sorrow. 3 Example 76 Practice The wife of your boss, Mr. Akers, has just passed away. You had met her several times at the office and were impressed by her kindness. Write a letter of condolence to Mr. Akers expressing your sympathy. 3 77 Exercises I. Vocabulary 第 1 至 10 題，請根據句意，填入最適當的單字。第 11 至 12 題，請選出一個與畫底線的字意義最接近的選項。 1. Most people agree that it is boring and d 3 y to eat the same food day after day. 2. Hundreds of soldiers were killed in the b 3. Breaking up with my true love caused me h le. che. 4. Irene is a regular customer. She shops at this store c 5. Nobody can d tly. ne your future. It’s all up to you. 6. The little boy smiled ch ly when his mother came home with a new toy in her hand. 7. The company invited its employees and their s ses to the year-end party. 8. Though I don’t agree with your idea, I can t ly understand it. 9. Visitors are not allowed to enter that room. It’s for the s f only. 10. Go u rs—your father is waiting for you on the third floor. 11. Most people agree that students should focus on their studies. 78 (A) concentrate (B) comment (C) storm (D) delay 12. Thousands of people were forced to leave their hometown because of a lack of water. (A) curse (B) errand (C) splash (D) shortage II. Grammar and Usage 3 請根據句意，選出最適當的答案。 1. The fact that the sun rises in the east (A) is (B) are (C) had 2. The task may look (A) easily known to everyone. (B) often 3. If we can stop one man (D) has , but I’m sure you can do it. (C) hardly (D) hard going hungry, we are doing good. (A) over (B) into 4. We cannot always control control (C) from (D) about life gives us, but we can we react. (A) who ... where (B) what ... how (C) which ... why (D) when ... who 5. As the saying goes, “There is no use crying over (A) spilt (B) spill (C) to spill 6. You have to hurry up. The ship is about (A) leaving (B) leaves milk.” (C) to have left (D) spills . (D) to leave 7. When a day gets off to a terrible start, things often seem to get and . (A) bad ... worse (B) bad ... wrong (C) badly ... badly (D) worse ... worse 79 8. “Finish your breakfast and get ready school,” yelled Jim’s mother. (A) for (B) by (C) to (D) at III. Passage Completion 請根據文意，選出最適當的答案。 3 Do you enjoy your life to the fullest? Or do you feel like life is full of difficulties and disappointments? It’s time to stop letting negative and 1 things make you feel bad. It’s time to bring light, hope, and change into your life. If you don’t want to deal with learn to take control 3 2 your life. That is, you problems, you should 4 control your reaction to each problem you encounter. You cannot stop problems from happening in your life, 80 5 you can control how you react. 1. (A) happy (B) lucky (C) terrible (D) exciting 2. (A) deserve (B) deserved (C) undeserved (D) deserves 3. (A) of (B) at (C) in (D) on 4. (A) need (B) must (C) want (D) have 5. (A) and (B) or (C) when (D) but IV. Guided Translation 請根據中文，完成或翻譯下列句子。 1. 我不是很了解，請再解釋一次。 Please explain it again because I don’t quite . 2. 南西環遊全世界，因為她想要盡情的體驗生活。 3 Nancy travels all over the world because she wants to experience life . 3. 這次新年派對以施放煙火劃下完美句點。 This New Year’s party will be (c) with a display of fireworks. 4. 湯姆丟下他的帽子，跳到池塘裏。 Tom his cap and jumped into the pond. 5. 百分之十的人生是由發生在你身上的事組成的。 81