Section 1 医学用語の基本構造 The Structure of Medical Terms 1

Section 1 医学用語の基本構造　The Structure of Medical Terms
胃 (stomach)
1 gastr/o
肝臓 (liver)
2 hepat/o
腎臓 (kidney)
3 nephr/o
心臓 (heart)
4 cardi/o
脳 (brain)
5 encephal/o
炎症 (inflammation)
6 ‐itis
症 (abnormal condition)
7 ‐osis
腫瘍 (tumor)
8 ‐oma
腺 (gland)
9 aden/o
扁桃 (tonsil)
10 tonsill/o
皮膚 (skin)
11 derm/o, dermato/o
癌 (cancer)
12 carcin/o
Section 2　接尾辞（１）Suffix (1)
1 ‐ia, ‐iasis, -osis, ‐ism, ‐y
2 ‐itis,
3 -oma,
4 ‐er, -or, -ian
5 ‐cian, -ist
6 ‐ic, -al, -ac, -ar, -ary, -ous
7 ‐oid
8 ‐logy
9 ‐logist
10 ‐logic, ‐logical
11 ‐otomy
12 ‐ectomy
13 ‐ostomy
14 ‐tome
15 ‐emia
16 ‐algia
17 ‐dynia
18 ‐graph
19 ‐graphy
20 ‐gram
21 ‐scope
22 ‐scopy
23 ‐meter
24 ‐metry
～症
炎症、～炎
腫瘍、～腫
～する人
～の専門家
～の、～について
～様の、～状の
学問、研究
研究者、専門医
（形容詞）
切開（術）
切除(術）
吻合(術）、開口（術）
切る道具、～刀
血症
痛
痛
記録する器械、造影機器
記録法、造影法
記録図、像
検査する器械、～鏡
検査法
計測器、～計
計測法
Section 3　接頭辞　Prefix
1 a‐　an(母音の前）、ar（rの前）
2 in‐　im‐（m, b, pの前）
3 dys‐, mal‐
4 anti‐, contra‐
5 eu‐
6 syn‐　sym‐(m, b, pの前）
7 co‐, con‐
8 hyper‐
9 epi‐
10 supra‐, super‐
11 hypo‐
12 infra‐
13 sub‐
14 ex‐, extra‐, ecto‐
15 in‐, intra‐, endo‐
16 meso‐
17 inter‐
18 dia‐, per‐, trans‐
否定、無 (not, without)
否定 (not)
悪、困難 (bad, difficult)
反、抗 (against)
良 (good)
共 (together)
共 (together)
以上、過剰 (over, excessive)
上 (upon)
上 (above)
以下、過少 (below)
以下 (below)
下 (under)
外、外側 (out, outside)
内 (into, within)
中 (middle)
間 (between)
通過、横切る (through, across)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
meta‐, ultra‐
peri‐, circum‐
para‐
de‐
ab‐
ad‐
ante‐-, pre‐, pro‐
retro‐, post‐
超える (beyond)
周囲 (around)
傍、異常 (near, abnormal)
離 (from)
～から離れて (away from)
～に向かって (toward)
前 (before)
後 (after)
Section 4　消化器系の用語 The Digestive System
口 (mouth)
1 stomat/o, or/o
唇 (lips)
2 cheil/o, labi/o
歯 (teeth)
3 odont/o, dent/o
歯齦、歯肉 (gum)
4 gingiv/o
口蓋 (palate)
5 palat/o
舌 (tongue)
6 gloss/o
扁桃 (tonsil)
7 tonsill/o
咽頭 (pharynx)
8 pharyng/o
食道 (esophagus)
9 esophag/o
胃（stomach)
10 gastr/o
十二指腸 (duodenum)
11 duoden/o
小腸 (small intestine)
12 enter/o
空腸 (jejunum)
13 jejun/o
回腸 (ileum)
14 ile/o
結腸、大腸 (colon, large intestine)
15 col/o
虫垂 (appendix)
16 append/o, appendic/o
S状結腸 (sigmoid colon)
17 sigmoid/o
直腸 (rectum)
18 rect/o
肛門（及び直腸） (anus (and rectum))
19 proct/o, an/o
肝臓 (liver)
20 hepat/o
膵臓 (pancreas)
21 pancreat/o
胆嚢 (gallbladder)
22 cholecyst/o
漏出 (discharge)
23 ‐orrhea
出血 (bleeding)
24 ‐orrhagia
破裂 (rupture)
25 ‐orrhexis
縫合 (suture)
26 ‐orrhaphy
Section 5　接尾辞（２）　Suffix(2)
1 ‐pathy
2 ‐therapy
3 ‐pexy
4 ‐plasty
5 ‐megaly
6 ‐trophy
7 ‐phobia
8 ‐philia
9 ‐plegia
10 ‐pepsia
11 ‐penia
12 ‐phagia
13 ‐malacia
14 ‐sclerosis
15 ‐ptosis
16 ‐stenosis
17 ‐centesis
18 ‐clysis
19 ‐ectasia
20 ‐ectasis
21 ‐spasm
病気一般　(disease)
治療 (treatment)
固定術 (fixation)
形成術 (surgical repair)
巨大、肥大 (enlargement)
発達、栄養 (growth, nutrition)
恐怖 (abnormal fear)
親愛 (abnormal love)
麻痺 (paralysis)
消化 (digestion)
減少、不足 (deficiency)
食べること、嚥下 (eating, swallowing)
軟化 (softening)
硬化 (hardening)
下垂 (sagging)
狭窄 (narrowing)
穿刺 (surgical puncture)
洗浄、浣腸 (washing)
拡張 (dilation)
拡張 (dilatation)
けいれん (spasm)
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
‐cele
‐pnea
‐otomy
‐ectomy
‐ostomy
‐orrhaphy
a‐　an(母音の前）、ar（rの前）
dys‐, mal‐
eu‐
hyper‐
hypo‐
tach/y
brad/y
ヘルニア、脱、瘤 (herniation)
息、呼吸 (breath)
切開（術）
切除(術）
吻合(術）、開口（術）
縫合 (suture)
否定、無 (not, without)
悪、困難 (bad, difficult)
良 (good)
以上、過剰 (over, excessive)
以下、過少 (below)
速い (fast)
遅い (slow)
Section 6　泌尿器および男性生殖器系の用語　The Genito-Urinary System
腎臓　(kidney)
1 nephr/o, ren/o
腎盂 (renal pelvis)
2 pyel/o
尿管 (ureter)
3 ureter/o
尿道 (urethra)
4 urethr/o
膀胱 (urinary bladder)
5 cyst/o, vesic/o
睾丸(testicle)
6 orchi/o, orchid/o
睾丸(testis)
7 test/o
陰茎(penis)
8 phall/o, pen/o
前立腺(prostate)
9 prostat/o
Section 7　尿など体に関する物質の用語　Urine
1 ur/o
2 glyc/o, gluc/o
3 albumin/o
4 lip/o
5 cyt/o
6 chol/e
7 lact/o
8 sperm/o, spermat/o
9 muc/o
10 fibr/o
11 trich/o
12 py/o
13 sial/o
14 hidr/o
15 lith/o
16 tox/o
17 bi/o
18 ‐uria
19 ‐emia
20 ‐cyte
21 ‐genesis
22 ‐lysis
23 aden/o
24 pancreat/o
25 cholecyst/o
26 thyr/o, thyroid/o
27 adren/o
28 bacteri/o
29 myc/o
30 bacill/o
31 cocc/o
and Other Biochemical Substances
尿　（urine)
糖 (sugar)
蛋白 (protein)
脂肪 (fat)
細胞 (cell)
胆汁 (gall, bile)
乳汁 (milk)
精液 (sperm)
粘液 (mucus)
線維 (fiber)
毛髪 (hair)
膿 (pus)
唾液 (saliva)
汗 (sweat)
結石 (stone)
毒 (toxin)
生命 (life)
尿症　(urine)
血症 (blood)
細胞、（血）球 (cell)
発生 (production)
崩壊 (destruction)
腺　(gland)
膵臓 (pancreas)
胆嚢 (gallbladder)
甲状腺 (thyroid (gland))
副腎 (adrenal (gland))
細菌 (bacterium)
真菌 (fungus)
桿菌 (bacillus)
球菌 (coccus)
Section 8 女性生殖器系の用語　The Female Reproductive System
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
o/o, ov/o, ov/i
oophor/o
salping/o
hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o
colp/o, vagin/o
mast/o, mamm/o
pelv/i
‐graph
‐graphy
‐gram
‐scope
‐scopy
‐meter
‐metry
gynec/o
men/o
卵 (ovum)
卵巣 (ovary)
卵管 (salpinx, fallopian tube)
子宮 (uterus)
膣 (vagina)
乳房 (breast)
骨盤 (pelvis)
記録する器械、造影機器
記録法、造影法
記録図、像
検査する器械、～鏡
検査法
計測器、～計
計測法
女性　(woman, female)
月経 (menstruation)
para
gravida
産婦
妊婦
Section 9 心臓・循環器・リンパ系の用語　The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
心臓 (heart)
1 cardi/o
脈管、血管 (vessel)
2 angi/o, vas/o
動脈 (artery)
3 arteri/o
静脈 (vein)
4 phleb/o, ven/o
毛細血管 (capillary)
5 capillar/o
脾臓 (spleen)
6 splen/o
骨髄 (bone marrow)
7 myel/o
血液 (blood)
8 hem/o, hemat/o
リンパ (lymph)
9 lymph/o
血清 (serum)
10 ser/o
血漿 (plasma)
11 plasm/o
血球 (globule)
12 globul/o
血栓 (thrombus, clot)
13 thromb/o
細胞 (cell)
14 cyt/o
芽細胞 (embryonic cell)
15 blast/o
細胞 (cell)
16 ‐cyte
芽細胞 (embyonic cell)
17 ‐blast
発生 (production)
18 ‐genesis
抑制、滞留 (stagnation)
19 ‐stasis
崩壊 (destruction)
20 ‐lysis
粉砕 (friction)
21 ‐tripsy
けいれん (spasm)
22 ‐spasm
減少 (decrease)
23 ‐penia
血管 (blood vessel)
24 hemangi/o
リンパ管 (lymph duct)
25 lymphangi/o
リンパ節 (lymph gland (node))
26 lymphaden/o
Section 10 呼吸器系の用語　The Respiratory
1 rhin/o, nas/o
2 tonsill/o
3 pharyng/o
4 laryng/o
5 trache/o
6 bronch/o, bronch/i
7 pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o
8 phren/o
9 pleur/o
10 sin/o, sinus/o
System
鼻　(nose)
扁桃 (tonsil)
咽頭 (pharynx)
喉頭 (larynx)
気管 (trachea)
気管支 (bronchus)
肺 (lung)
横隔膜 (diaphragm)
胸膜 (pleura)
洞、腔 (sinus)
11 thorac/o
12 aer/o, pneum/o
13 pne/o, pneum/o
胸 (thorax)
空気 (air)
呼吸 (breath)
Section 11 大小・形状・色・数量の用語　Size, Shape, Color, Quantity and Other Properties
大 (large)
1 meg/a, megal/o
大 (large)
2 macr/o
小 (small)
3 micr/o
同 (same)
4 hom/o
異 (different)
5 heter/o
等 (equal)
6 is/o
不等 (unequal)
7 anis/o
偽 (false)
8 pseud/o
白 (white)
9 leuk/o, leuc/o
黒 (black)
10 melan/o
赤 (red)
11 erythr/o
青 (blue)
12 cyan/o
緑 (green)
13 chlor/o
黄 (yellow)
14 xanth/o
灰緑 (bluish green)
15 glauk/o, glauc/o
灰白 (whitish gray)
16 poli/o
色 (color)
17 chrom/o, chromat/o
1(one, single)
18 mon/o; uni2(two, double)
19 di-, dipl/o; bi3(three, triple)
20 tri-, tripl/o; tri4(four, fourth)
21 tetr/a; quadr/i, quart/i
5(five, fifth)
22 pent/a; quinqu/e, quint/i
6(six, sixth)
23 hex/a; sex/i, sext/i
7(seven, seventh)
24 hept/a; sept/i
8(eight, eighth)
25 oct/i, oct/a; oct/i, oct/a
9(nine, ninth)
26 non/i
10(ten, tenth)
27 dec/a; dec/i
100（one-hundred, one-hundredth)
28 hect/o; cent/i
1000(one-thousand, one-thousandth)
29 kil/o; mill/i
多　(many)
30 pol/y; mult/i
半分 (half)
31 hemi-; semi;
無　(none)
32 null/i
乏　（little)
33 olig/o
Section 12 脳神経系の用語　The Nervous System
神経(nerve)
1 neur/o, nerv/i, nerv/o
脳(brain)
2 encephal/o
大脳 (cerebrum)
3 cerebr/o
小脳 (cerebellum)
4 cerebell/o
脊髄 (spinal cord)
5 myel/o
髄膜 (meninx)
6 mening/o
痛み (pain, ache)
7 ‐algia
過敏 (hypersensitivity to pain)
8 ‐algesia
感覚 (sensation)
9 ‐esthesia
無力症 (without strength)
10 ‐asthenia
麻痺 (paralysis)
11 ‐plegia
話すこと (speech)
12 ‐phasia
運動 (movement)
13 ‐kinesia
精神、心　(mind)
14 psych/o, phren/o, -phrenia
自己 (self)
15 auto狂気の状態、躁状態 (excessive preoccupation)
16 ‐mania
異常な恐怖 (abnormal fear)
17 ‐phobia
異常な信愛 (abnormal love)
18 ‐philia
感情　(feeling)
19 ‐phoria
Section 13 筋・骨格系の用語　The Muscular and Skeletal System
骨 (bone)
1 oste/o
軟骨 (cartilage)
2 chondr/o
関節 (joint)
3 arthr/o, articul/o
顆 (condyle)
4 condyl/o
筋肉 (muscle)
5 my/o
形成不全、異形成(症）（bad formation)
6 ‐dysplasia
ジストロフィー、異栄養（症） (bad nutrition)
7 ‐dystrophy
頭蓋骨　(cranium, skull)
8 crani/o
脊椎、脊柱 (spine)
9 rach/i, rachi/o, spin/o
椎骨 (vertebra)
10 vertebr/o
肩甲骨 (scapula)
11 scapul/o
鎖骨 (clavicle)
12 clavic/o, clavicul/o
肩峰 (acromion)
13 acromi/o
胸骨 (sternum)
14 stern/o
肋骨 (rib)
15 cost/o
骨盤 (pelvis)
16 pelv/i, pelv/o, pelvi/o
腸骨 (ilium)
17 ili/o
坐骨 (ischium)
18 ischi/o
仙骨 (sacrum)
19 sacr/o
恥骨 (pubis)
20 pub/o, pubi/o
上腕骨 (humerus)
21 humer/o
橈骨 (radius)
22 radi/o
尺骨 (ulna)
23 uln/o
手根骨 (carpus)
24 carp/o
指節骨 (phalanx)
25 phalang/o
大腿骨 (femur)
26 femor/o
腓骨 (fibula)
27 fibul/o
脛骨 (tibia)
28 tibi/o
膝蓋骨 (patella)
29 patell/o
距骨 (astragalus, talus)
30 astragal/o
踵骨 (calcaneus)
31 calcane/o
上 (upon)
32 epi‐, supra‐
下 (under)
33 sub‐,infra‐
内　34 intra外
35 extraSection 14 撮影・検査・測定・治療の用語　Terms Describing Imaging, Tests, Measurement and Treatment
記録する器械、造影機器
1 ‐graph
記録法、造影法
2 ‐graphy
記録図、像
3 ‐gram
検査する器械、～鏡
4 ‐scope
検査法
5 ‐scopy
計測器、～計
6 ‐meter
計測法
7 ‐metry
温度(熱）　(heat)
8 therm/o
火(熱） (fire, fever)
9 pyr/o
光 (light)
10 phot/o
石 (stone)
11 lith/o
音 (sound)
12 phon/o, son/o
電気 (electricity)
13 electr/o
水 (water)
14 hydr/o, aque/o
空気 (air)
15 aer/o
放射線 (radiation)
16 radi/o
化学（物質） (chemical, chemistry)
17 chem/o
療法
18 ‐therapy
穿刺
19 ‐centesis
洗浄
20 ‐clysis
Section 15 感覚器官の用語　The Sensory Organs
眼 (eye)
1 ophthalm/o, ocul/o
瞳孔 (pupil)
2 cor/e, core/o, pupill/o
角膜 (cornea)
3 kerat/o, corne/o
強膜 (sclera)
4 scler/o
虹彩 (iris)
5 ir/o, irid/o
網膜 (retina)
6 retin/o
毛様体 (ciliary body)
7 cycl/o
涙、涙嚢 (tear, tear sac)
8 dacry/o, lacrim/o
結膜 (conjunctiva)
9 conjunctiv/i, conjunctiv/o
眼瞼 (eyelid)
10 blephar/o
耳 (ear)
11 ot/o, aur/o
鼓膜 (eardrum)
12 tympan/o
鼻 (nose)
13 rhin/o, nas/o
舌 (tongue)
14 gloss/o
皮膚 (skin)
15 derm/o, dermat/o
分裂　(splitting)
16 ‐schisis
浮腫 (swelling)
17 ‐edema
光 (light)
18 phot/o
音 (sound)
19 phon/o
視覚 (vision)
20 opt/o
癌 (cancer)
21 carcin/o
腫瘍 (tumor)
22 onc/o
肉 (flesh)
23 sarc/o
Section 16 体の各部分と方向・場所・動きの用語　The Body Regions and Derectional Terms
頭 (head)
1 cephal/o
頸 (neck, cervix)
2 cervic/o
胸 (chest, thorax)
3 thorac/o
背 (back)
4 dors/o
腹 (abdomen)
5 abdomin/o
側腹部 (flank)
6 lapar/o
内臓 (viscus(viscera))
7 viscer/o
腰 (loin)
8 lumb/o
指 (finger)
9 dactyl/o
足 (foot)
10 pod/o, ped/o
四肢、先端 (extremities)
11 acr/o
腹側の（belly)
12 ventr/o
尾へ（下方へ）(tail)
13 caud/o
前方の(forward)
14 anter/o
後方の(backward)
15 poster/o
外側の（側面の）(side)
16 later/o
右側（right)
17 dextr/o
左側 (left)
18 sinistr/o
両側の (both）
19 ambi-

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