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病気
びょうき
Chapter 6 – ぶんぽう
ぶんぽう６−１~が出来ます
The verb 出来ます means “able to do.” When we
use it with a noun, it means we “can do/are
able to do something.” This comes in handy
when we want to talk about our abilities.
Here is the sentence structure:
Somebodyは somethingが出来ます。
Somebody can do something.
Ex. 母はすこし日本語が出来ます。
My mom can speak (do) Japanese a little.
ぶんぽう６−１Verb (dict.) +ことが出来ます
But what do we do if we want to talk about being
able to do a verb?
We make the verb a noun!
Remember when we made verbs nouns using
dictionary form + の／こと？
We will do the same thing, but only use こと this
time. This will allow us to express our abilities,
just like the structure before. However this form
is often used more formally and in written form.
ぶんぽう６−１Verb (dict.) +ことが出来ます
Here is the sentence structure:
Somebody は Verb (dict.) +ことが出来ます。
Somebody can do verb.
Ex. かんじをいくつよむことが出来ますか。
How many kanji can you read?
フランスごをはなすことが出来ますか。
Can you speak French?
ぶんぽう６−１Verb (dict.) +ことが出来ます
書いてみて：
I can do piano.
ピアノが出来ます。
I cannot write hard kanji.
むずかしいかんじを書く事が出来ません。
I am able to cook, but I’m not very good at it.
りょうりが出来ますが，あまり上手ではありません。
I can play tennis.
テニスをすることが出来る。
ぶんぽう – つもりです
Verb dictionary form+つもりです
plan to do~; intend to do~
Verb ない form+つもりです。
do not plan to ~; do not to intend to~
This construction is used to express an intent or
plan to perform some action in the future. It is
used mostly in the 1st person, only sometimes
used for others, but is not used when asking
superiors their intentions. Negation occurs before
the つもり not after. The past tense is formed
after つもり, such as in つもりでした。
ぶんぽう – つもりです
れい：
今日三じごろかえるつもりです。
Today, I plan to return home at about 3.
としょかんへはいかないつもりです。
I don’t plan on going to the library.
きのうかいものに行くつもりでしたが行きませんでし
た。
I planned on going shopping yesterday, but I
didn’t go.
ぶんぽう – つもりです
書いてみて：
Next year, I plan to go to Japan.
来年日本へ行くつもりです。
Tonight, I don’t plan to go to bed until 12 o’clock.
今ばん、十二じまでねないつもりです。
I was not planning to eat cookies, but I at some at
the party.
クッキーを食べないつもりでしたが、パーティーで食べ
ました。
ぶんぽう – はずです
Verb dictionary form+はずです
expected to do~; supposed to do~
Verb ない form+はずです。
is not expected to do~; supposed to not do~
This construction is when the speaker expects that
a certain action or event will occur. Again,
negation occurs with the verb ない form in front of
はず not at the end of the extender. The subject
of the はず is generally third person. If the subject
is first person, then the sentence implies that
someone else has an expectation that the
speaker will do something.
ぶんぽう – はずです
れい：
あしたしけんがあるはずです。
Tomorrow, there is supposed to be an exam.
とも子さんはあしたのパーティーには来ないはずで
すよ。
Tomoko is not expected to come to tomorrow’s
party.
ぶんぽう – はずです
書いてみて：
There is not supposed to be a test tomorrow.
あしたしけんはないはずです。
It is expected to arrive in Tokyo at 1pm.
とうきょうにはごご一じにつくはずです。
ぶんぽう – noun で
Currently we know how to use the structure
verb+ から to give our reasons for our actions.
But what happens when want to use a noun as
our reason?
We use で！
The structure noun+で means “because of/due
to (reason)” and is used to connect sentences,
just like から.
ex. ゆきで学校がありません。 Because of snow,
there is no school.
ぶんぽう – noun で
Compare the usage of から and で.
あしたしけんがあるからパーティーへ行くことが出
来ません。
There’s a test tomorrow, so I can’t go to the
party.
あしたのしけんでパーティーへ行くことが出来ませ
ん。
Due to tomorrow’s test, I can’t go to the party.
ぶんぽう – noun で
書いてみて：
Yamamoto is absent from school for three days
because of illness.
山本さんはびょうきで三日学校をやすんでいます。
My father went to Tokyo for work.
父はしごとでとうきょうへ行きました。
ぶんぽう – に and も and counters
に – What uses have we learned for it already?
at, in, on, for, and “and” for combos
For measuring time, it becomes “per” or “a”.
れい：
一日に三度
three times per day
いっしゅかんに四度 four times a week
ぶんぽう – に and も and counters
も– What uses have we learned for it already?
also, “countless” with a question word+counter
When we use it with a counter, it becomes “as
many/long as~”.
れい：
三度も
as many as three times
六ヶ月も
as long as six months
And yes, you can combine them!
一年かんに十度も as many as 10 times a year

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