National Meteorological Networks Item 3.5 (Information) RA II/ICM-GTS 2002 (New Delhi, 7 to 10 January 2002) Contents 1. National Meteorological Networks in JMA 1.1 Network topology 1.2 System configurations 1.3 Plans 1.4 Study items 2. National Observation Networks in JMA 2.1 Surface observation (Synoptic observation) 2.2 Surface observation (Domestic automatic weather stations) 2.3 Upper-air observation (Sonde) 2.4 Upper-air observation (Wind Profiler) Submitted By Hiroyuki Ichijo (Japan) 1. National Meteorological Telecommunication Networks in JMA •稚 •内 1.1 Network topology •旭 •留 •萌 •旭•川 •川•空 •岩 •新千 •見 •丘 •倶 •札 •歳管 •沢 •珠 •寿•知 •幌 •制 •空 •都•安 •新千 •室•歳航 •蘭 •江 •差 •函•函 •館•館 •空 District Meteorological Observatories Sapporo •秋田 •空 Tokyo •空 Osaka •輪 •島 •隠岐 •西 •空 •郷 •出雲 •松•美 •鳥 •空 •江 •保 •取 •米 •鳥 •空 •空 •子 •取 •石 •見 •空 •浜 •田 •対馬空 •山 •厳 •下 •口 •原 •関 •山口宇 •福岡管 •壱岐 •部空 •制 •北九州 •空 •福 •空 •福岡 •大分 •航•岡 •佐 •空 •大 •佐賀 •賀 •分 •空 •長崎 •福•福 •航 •長 •熊•熊 •江•江 •崎 •本•本 •空 •空 •宮 •宮崎 •崎 •奄美空 •鹿児•空 •名 •鹿児 •島航 •瀬 •島 •徳之 •島空 •沖永 •良部 •帯 •帯 •広 •広 •空 •浦 •河 •秋田 Sendai Okinawa •紋 •別 •紋別 •網 •空 •女満 •走 •別空 •青 •青森 •森 •三沢 •空 •八 •大館能•空 •戸 •代空 Kiyose Operational centre Fukuoka •稚内 •空 •種 •子 •種子 •島 •島空 •広島 •航 •広 •島 •松 •山 •松 •空 •山 •宇 •和 •島 •清 •水 •豊 •岡 •岡山 •岡 •空 •山 •高 •松 •高 •空 •松 •徳 •島•徳 •空•島 •高 •知•高知 •空 •室戸 •岬 •富 •富 •山 •金 •山 •小松 •沢 •福 •空 •空 •福 •高 •井 •井 •山 •舞 •空 •敦 •岐 •賀 •鶴 •彦•名 •阜 •名古 •京 •根•古 •屋航 •大阪 •都 •屋 •航 •大 •神 •戸 •関西 •航 •阪•奈 •津 •良 •八尾 •空 •尾 •和 •鷲 •歌 •山 •南紀白 •浜空 •盛 •岡 •宮 •古 •花巻 •酒田 •庄内 •空 •大船 •空 •渡 •綾 •山形 •里 •相 •空 •若 •新 •新•松 •仙 •川 •潟 •潟 •航•台•仙台 •航 •福 •高 •島 •福島 •田 •宇 •空 •前 •小名 •長 •松 •水 •都 •橋 •浜 •野 •代 •戸 •熊 •宮 •松 •高 •大 •東京 •調 •谷 •本 •松 •層 •新東 •管制 •学 •布 •気 •空 •本 •銚 •校 •京航 •甲 •空•東 •東ヘ •千 •象 •飯 •府 •子 •葉 •田 •京 •庁•リ •大 •横 •大島 •航 •浜 •館 •静 •島 •空 •山 •三宅 •浜 •御 •岡 •島空 •松 •前 •崎 •父 •八丈 •島 •島空 •八丈 •島 •潮 •岬 •久米島 •空 •那 •沖 •下地島 •覇 •那覇•縄 •空 •宮古 •管制 •宮古•航 •島 •空 •与那 •国空 •与那 •国島•石垣 •島 •石 •垣 •空 •南大 •東島 •釧 •釧路 •路 •空 •中標 •津空•根 •室 1.2 System configuration (a) Central system (COSMETS: Computer system for Meteorological Services) File Switching System HOST Computer (MainFrame) C-ADESS LAN ACOS Model 7000 3 CPUs (40 MIPS) (Star-type FDDI) Main Memory : 256MB Disks Cartridge MT Units (CMT) 512MB×2 Disks 7.6GB×2 ACOS Model 7000 UP4800/650 Main Memory : 128MB 3 CPUs (40 MIPS) Main Memory : 256MB System Numerical Analysis & Prediction System (Super Computer System) Router JMA Office of Computer Systems Operations (Kiyose) GTS Circuits AFTN Circuit Domestic Circuits Protocol Analyzer L A N (Dual-loop FDDI) FAX Exchange Switch Swi tch Software and Table Operation Terminals Maintenance Terminals (5 sets) (4 sets) Router L A N (Dual-loop FDDI) WS WS Packet L i ne Front-end Network Processor (UNIX) HOST Computer (Main Frame) WS Router Magnetic 40.8GB×2 System Supervise & Control Terminals (2 sets) Router L i ne M oni tor B ranch Electric Disks UP4800/650 Main Memory : 128MB Concentrator Magnetic LBP Front-end Network Processor (UNIX) Router WS Operation Terminals (3 sets) WS Software and Table Maintenance Terminals (4 sets) JMA Headquarters (Tokyo) (b) Telecom system of District Meteorological Observatory Earthquake and Tsunami Observation System (HDLC / X.25) Routine data Switching host #1 Request/Reply host #1 100Mbps Request/Reply host #2 Satellite cloud image Processing host Network Manager System manager for urgent data switching hosts Switching hub Router/Proxy server Router for sub-network in each division Switching hub Router 10 Mbps Host for maintenance Routine data Switching host #2 100 Mbps Hub 128kbps for Kansai Airport Packet shaper (traffic control) Frame Relay network Hub COSMETS 128kbps for Osaka 4.5Mbps Frame Relay switch Backup connections to adjacent Observations (64kbps) Osaka district Meteorological Observatory Uegent data Switching host #2 64kbps Tokyo District Meteorological Observatories Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatories 192kbps (X.25) Uegent data Switching host #1 9.6kbps (HDLC) Line Switch 128kbps (X.25) Router River water level / thunderbolt Observations (example of Osaka) System manager for routine data switching hosts 100 Mbps System Logging Public network connection host Radar image Processing system 64 - 128kbps Switching hub 128kbps for COSMETS Router 128kbps for Osaka Router Observatories/ Weather stations within Osaka District Observatories/ Weather stations within Fukuoka District Web server System manager Aviation Weather Service Centre (Kansai international airport) Host for maintenance Information terminals for airlines Aviation weather system terminals 1.3 Plans • Establishing JMA’s IP backbone network * Consolidation of the National Meteorological Network and others such as office intra, private telephone (VoIP) and disaster prevention networks * Use of cost-effective transport services * Migration from legacy protocols to pure IP • Definite separation of national and international systems * Optimizing system specification considering character sets, specific functions, and requirements in reliability, capability and flexibility * Use light footwork components in change of requirements * Appropriate life time of each system • Restructuring of district telecom systems * Optimizing the number of systems and location * Use of open and common applications 1.4 Study items • • • • • Introducing timing of IPv6 and IP multicasting How to handle the Internet connectivity and private networks Maintenance and keeping operability in a mixture system by multi-vendors Boundary between self-operation and outsourcing Risk management against the use of a cost-effective network and forefront technology 2. National Observation Networks in JMA 2.1 Surface observation (Synoptic observation) Configuration of Surface Meteorological Observation System Printer buffer Sun-tracking Propeller anemometer Printer Sunshine recorder and pyranometer Pyranometer Display1 Display2 Data processing unit2 Data processing unit1 Data storage Data storage Lan Observatories Snowdepth guage Thermometer (Raser type) Hygrometer Snowdepth guage Data transmitter (Ultrasonic type) Precipitation detector the Shelter Tipping-bucket rain gauge Barometer Data converter Power supply DC generator UPS Junction board AC 100V Surface Meteorological Observation Network in Japan Meteorological Observatories Unmanned Stations 133 24 2.2 Surface observation (Domestic automatic weather stations) Configuration of AMeDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) Rain gauge robot AMeDAS Center 198 (NTT-Data) Public Telephone Network Weather robot 685 Snow depth gauge robot 214 Radio rain gauge robot 278 JMA Headquaters Meteorological Observatories 400MHz Kiyose Operational Centre Weather station 155 COSMETS (C-ADESS) A M eD A S R obot M ap ■ Weather station 155 □ Weather robot 685 ○ Rain gauge robot 198 △ Radio rain gauge robot 278 × Snow depth gauge robot 214 父島 2.3 Upper-air observation (Sonde) Upper-air Observation ● Network of JMA Wakkanai Sapporo ● Nemuro ◎ Kofu Maru Akita ● Wajima Seifu Maru ● ◎ Tateno Yonago ● Fukuoka ● ● Sendai ● ● Hachijojima Shionomisaki Chofu Maru ◎ Kagoshima Ryofu Maru ● Naze Naha ◎ ● Ishigakijima Chichijima ● Minamidaitojima Minamitorishima 1.7m 600g Type of Upper-air Observations operated by JMA Balloon Classification Elements Instruments Altitude Range Rawinsonde Pressure General Observation Surface to 7.5m Temperature Humidity RS2-91 Type Rawinsonde 600g Balloon Wind Direction Wind Speed Parachute Unwinder ( used windy) Guide Light (used night ) High Altitude Observation 1200g Balloon 1.2m Parachute Observation Times 00UTC, 12UTC about 30km (10hPa) (09JST, 21JST) 06 and/or 18 UTC: Under significant weather conditions including typhoon Surface to about 35km (5hPa) 12UTC (21JST) Surface to about 15km (100hPa) 06UTC, 18UTC (15JST, 03JST) *Meteorological Observing Vessels use GPS Radiosonde （RS80-15G). Rawin (Radiowind ) Pressure Wind Direction Wind Speed W92 Type Rawin 200g Balloon Parachute Unwinder ( used windy) Guide Light (used night ) 7.5m Ground Facilities of Upper-air Observation System Type JMA-91 Radome P.3 JICA2001 Rawinsonde Type ＲＳ２－９１ Receiver Antena Controler, Angle Signal Converter Air Conditioner Antena Sonde Signal Converter Primary Processer Disk Operating Panel PC Secondary Processer X-Y Plotter Printer Printer PC UPS Communicat ion box 2.4 Upper-air Observation (Wind Profiler) Wind Profiler Network and Data Acquisition System (WINDAS) JMA Upper-air Observation Network 25 Wind Profilers Wind Profiler Control Center 18 Radiosonde stations Block Diagram of the JMA Wind Profiler Network ( WINDAS) CONTROL CENTER (JMA headquarters ) OBSERVATION SITE Antenna System Module Unit ﾜｰｸｽﾃｰｼｮﾝ IBM 互換機 Outdoor Data Quality Processer Control ﾜｰｸｽﾃｰｼｮﾝ IBM 互換機 Operating & Watching Server 1 IBM 互換機2 Server Observation hut HUBﾊﾌﾞ Weather station HUB （ISDN系） Transmitter and Receiver System ﾊﾌﾞ F/R Router Router ISDN Dial Up Router LAN IBM 互換機 Data Processer IBM 互換機 Operating Display Router ISDN Dial Up Router ISDN Dial Up Router Router Communication Controller COSMETS National Meteorological Telecommunication Network (FR, dedicated line basis) ISDN circuit WINDAS Profiler３ Profiler２４ Profiler２ 10 minute values of Doppler velocity and signal intensity being sent every 1 hour Profiler１ CONTROL CENTER（JMA Headquarters） Profiler２５ Data quality control and remote control of profilers being made Horizontal and vertical components of wind and signal intensity being sent with BUFR code every 1 hour C O S M E T S （JMA Central Computer） NAPS Everｙ 6 hours Forecast made with Mesoscale Model C-ADESS Everｙ 1 hour Low level wind analysis made with Mesoscale Model 10 minute data being sent every 1 hour Wind profiler data Accuracy of wind profiler winds - Comparison with radiosonde winds – Differences between profiler wind and radiosonde wind at all the profiler sites 21JST 9 April 2001 Radiosonde winds at 850hPa Wind profiler winds at 1500m level Red : profiler winds Blue : radiosonde winds interpolated into profiler sites
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