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DET NORSKE VIDENSKAPS-AKADEMI I OSLO
RESULTATER
AV DE NORSKE STATSUNDERST0TTEDE
SPITSBERGENEKSPEDITIONER
(S K RIF TER OM S VALBARD OG IS HAV ET)
BIND I
Nr. l
A DOLF HOEL:
THE NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1906-1926
UTGITT PÅ
DEN NORSKE STATS BEKOSTNING
VED SPITSBERGENKOMITEEN
REDAKTØR: ADOLF HOEL
OSLO
I KO MMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD
1929
� fy
Results of the Norwegian expeditions to Svalbard 1906-1926
published in other series. (See Nr. 1 of this series.)
The resul ts o f the P ri n c e o f M o n a c o's exp editi on s (Mi ssi on Is a c h s e n ) i n 1906
and 1907 w ere pu bli shed und er the ti tle o f'E xP I o ra ti on d u N o rd - O u e s t d u S P i t sbe rg
e n t re p ri s e s ou sles a u s p i c e s d e S . A. S . l e P ri n c e d eNt o n a c o p a r I a M i s s i o n
Isa chs en ,' in Res u l t a t s d es Ca m p a gn es sc i en t i fi qu e s, Al b e r t ler, P ri n c e
d e Mo n a c o , F a s e. XL-XLIV . M onaco .
ISACHSEN, GUNNAR, Prem i ere Pa rti e.
Reci t d e voya ge. Fa se. XL. 1912 . F r. 1 2 000
. .
Wi th map : Sp it sb erg ( Cot e N ord -O u est ). S cal e I: 100 000. (2 sheets)
. Cha rts: D e la
Pa rti e Nord du F oreland li l a Bai e Ma gdal ena , and Mouill ages d e la Cot eOu estdu S pi ts be rg.
ISACHSEN, GUNNAR et ADOLF HOEL, D eu xiem e Par ti e. D escri pti on d u champ d'o pera ti on.
Fase. XLI. 1913. F r. 80.00.
HOEL, ADOLF, Tr oi si em e Pa rt ie. Geol ogi e. Fase. XLII. 1914. F r. 100.00.
SCHETELlC, JAKOB, Qua tri em e Pa rti e.
Les formati on s primi ti ves . Fa se. XLIII. 19 12 . Fr.
16.00.
RESVOLL HOLMSEN, HANNA, Cin q
ui eme Par tie. Ob servation s bota ni q
u es . Fas e. XLIV,
1913. Fr. 40 .00 .
A consid erabl e pa rt o f the resul ts of t he ISACHSEN expedition s in 1909 and 1910 ha s
been publi shed in Vi d en ska p s s el ska p e t s S kri ft e r.
I. M a t. Na tu r v. K l a s s e,
Kri s ti a n i a (O s I o ).
ISACHSEN, GUNNAR,
Ra pp ort su r l 'Expediti on Isa chsen au S pit sb erg. 1912, No. 15.
K r. 5,40.
ALEXANDER, ANTON, O bse rvati on s ast ron om i que s. 1911, No. 19. K r. 0,40.
GRAARUD, AAGE, Ob servati on s m et eor ol ogi qu es. 1913, N o. 1. Kr. 2,40.
HELLAND· HANSEN, BJ Ø RN and FRIDTJOF NANSEN, The sea w est o f Spi tsb erge n . 1912,
N o. 12. K r. 3,60.
ISACHSEN, GUNNAR, The hyd rogra phi e ob ser va ti on s . 1912, N o . 14 . Kr . 4,20.
Wi th c ha rt: Wat ers and an chora ges on t he w est and n ort h co ast. Publ. by the N orw.
Ge og r. Sur vey , N o . 198.
HOEL, A. e t O . HOLTEDAHL, Les n a ppes d e l a ve, l es vol eans et l es sou rces thermales
dans l es en virons d e la Bai e Wood au S pit sberg. 1911, N o. 8. Kr. 4,00.
GOLDSCHMIDT, V. M., Petr ograp hi sche Unt er su chu n g ein i ger Erupti vgestei n e von N o rd ­
westsp i tzb ergen . 1911, No. 9. Kr. 0,80.
BACKLUND, H., Ob er ein i ge O l i vi n kn ol l en au s d er La va von Wood -Bay , S pit zbergen.
1911, N o. 16. K r. 0,60.
HOLTEDAHL, O LAF, Zu r K en n tn i s d er Ka rb ona blagerun gen d es w estl i chen Spi tzb er gen s.
I. Ei n e Fauna d er Moskau er S tu fe. 1911, N o. 10. Kr . 3,00. Il. All gem ei n e st rati grap hische
u nd t ektoni sche Beoba chtu n gen . 1912, N o. 23. K r. 5,00.
HOEL, ADOLF, O b ser va ti ons su r la vit esse d 'ecoul em en t et sur I'ablati on du Gla ei er
Li l li e hOiik au S pit sb erg 1907-1912. 1916, NO.4. Kr. 2,20.
VEGARD, L., L'in flu en ce du sol su r la gla ciati on au S pit sb erg. 1912, N o. 3. K r. 0,4 0.
ISACHSEN, GU N N A R , Tra vau x t opog rap hi qu es. 1915, N o. 7. K r. 10,00.
Wi th map : Spi tsb er g (Parti e N ord -Ou est ). S cal e l: 200 000 (2 sheets).
GUNNAR ISACHSEN ha s al so pub li shed : Green Ha rb ou r, i n Norsk Geogr. Selsk. A arb.,
K ri sti ani a, 1912-13, Green Ha rb ou r, S pit sb ergen , in Seot. geogr. Mag., Ed i n b u rgh, 1915, and ,
Spi tsb ergen : Notes to a ccompany m a p, in Geogr. Journ., Lon d on , 1915.
Al l the a bove publi cati on s ha ve b een c oll ect ed i n t o tw o volu rnes a s E xp ed i t i o n
Is ac hs en a u S p i t s b e r g 1 9 0 9-19 1 0.
Res ulta ts s c i en t i fi qu e s . I, Il. Chri ­
sti a n i a I 9 l 6.
As t he resul t of t he exp editions o f ADOLF HOEL and ARVE STAXRUD 1911-1914 t he
fol l owin g m em oi r ha s b een publ ished in Vid en ska p s s el ska p et s S kri ft e r. I. Ma t ­.
N a tu r v. K l a s s e.
HOEL, ADOLF, Nou vel l es ob ser vati on s su r l e d i st ri ct vol can i qu e du Spi tsberg du N o rd.
1914, N o . 9. K r. 2,50.
The fol l owin g top ogra phi c al map s and cha rt s ha ve b een p ublished separat ely :
Bjø rnøya (Bea r Island ). O sl o 1925. S cal e l: 25000. Kr. 10,00.
Bjø rnøya ( Bea r Island ). O sl o 1925. S ca le 1: 10 000. ( ln si x sheet s). K r. 30,00.
Char t o f Bea r Island . O sl o 1929. S cal e 1 :40 000 Kr. 3,00. (N o. S I).
A p rel i m in ary ed iti on o f t op ograp hic al map s on t he scal e of l : 50 000 cove rin g the re gions
a round Ki ng s Ba y, lee Fjord , and Bel ! S ound , toget herwi th t he ma p of Bea r Island , scal e l: 25000,
i s pu bli shed in :
S va l ba rd Com m i s s i o n e r [K ri s ti a n Si n d b a l l e], Rep ort c on cern i ng the claims
to land i n S valba rd . Pa rt I A, Text; I B, Map s; Il A, Text; Il B, Ma ps . Cop en ha gen a nd
O sl o 1927. K r. 150,00.
DET NORSKE VIDENSKAPS-AKADEMI I OSLO
RESULTATER
AV DE NORSKE STATSUNDERST0TTEDE
SPITSBERGENEKSPEDITIONER
(SKRIFTER
OM
SVALBARD
OG
ISHAVET)
BIND I
Nr. 1
A D OLF HOEL:
THE NORWEGIAN SVALBA RD EXPEDITIONS
19 0 6-19 2 6
U T G ITT PÅ
D E N N O RS K E STATS B E KOSTN I N G
V E D S P ITSBERG E N KOMITEE N
REDAKTØR: ADOLF HOEL
OSLO
I K O M M I S J O N H O S J A C O B D Y B WA D
1 929
A.
W. RB0GGERS BOKTRYKKERI
Als
No. 1
AD O L F H O E L
THE NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1906-1926
WITH 22 TEXTFIGURES, 1 MAP,2 PLATES, AND 18 TABLES
Preface.
the first N orwegian Svalbard Expeditions detailed accounts
About
have been published together with the scientific results of the
expeditions. Thus a report of those fitted out by PRINCE ALBERT OF
MONACO and led by Maj or I SACHSEN i n 1 906 and 1 907, will he found
i n the publications of the Prince. Further, an account o f the I SACHSEN
expeditions i n 1 909 and 19 1 0 has been published i n the "Skrifter" of
the Norwegian Academy o f Science. About the expeditions o f 1 908 and
1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 8 short accounts were published in "La Geographie " , Paris,
and short narratives of the expeditions of 1 9 1 9- 1 92 1 will be found in
" Revue de Geographie" , Paris. N othing, h owever, has been published
about the expeditions fro m 1 922 onward. A list o f these accoun ts will
be found under Literature o n page 70.
This paper deals with the expeditions up to 1 926. Some of the
tables, however, have been brought up to date.
The topographers of the expeditions, Messrs. ALFRED KOLLER,
BERNHARD LUNCKE, and W. SOLH EIM, h ave contributed to the preparation
of this paper, and the m aps have been made by Mr. LUNCKE. The
translation h a s been done by Mr. OLA F A N D E RSEN, state geologist, and
Dr. GUNNAR H O RN of Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser.
To all these and others who have assisted I wish to extend m y
best thanks for their valuable help.
To the Govern ment and the Storting, and all institutions, companies,
firms, and private persons who have gi v en their generous support to
our expeditions and made them possi ble, the author wishes to tender
his m ost grateful thanks.
I take this opportunity of expressing m y sincere thanks and
appreciation to all the m e mbers of the expeditions and to the many
collaborators for all their invaluable services to the expeditions and
for their h eart y co-operation i n t h e work.
Oslo, Oct. 1 0. 1 929.
A dolf Hoel.
Contents.
Early Norwegian Geographical Exploration and Special Expeditions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Norwegian Svalbard Expeditions 1 906-1926 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 906. Expedition fitted out by Prince Albert of Monaco and led by Ca ptain
G. Isachsen . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...............................
1 907. Expedition fitted out b y Prince Albert o f Mo naco and led by Captain
G. Isachsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 908. Hoel' s Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 909 and 1 9 1 0. Isachsen's Exped itions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. ..
1 9 1 1 . Hoel and Stax rud' s Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 2. Hoel and Staxrud's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 3. Hoel and Staxrud's Expedition . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 914. Hoel and Staxrud's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 5. Hoel' s Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 6. Hoel' s Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 7. Hoel and Røvig's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 8. Hoel and Røvig's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 9. Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1920. Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1921 . Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 922. Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 923. Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 924. Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1925. Hoel's Exped ition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 926. Hoel's Expedition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Topographical Surveying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Expeditions and Government Departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expedition Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Co - operation between the Svalbard Expeditions and G overnment I nstitutio ns
dealing with the same Kind of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices and Rooms of the Expeditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Future N orwegian Exploration of Svalbard and Polar Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Norwegian Government's Memorandum to Foreign Powers . . . . . . . . . . .
A p p e n d i x:
Members and Collaborators of the N orwegian Svalbard Expeditions 1906-- 1 926 . .
Literature .
...................
T a b l e s:
I . Vessels and Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
I l. Particulars of Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Il I. Offi ce Personnei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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V.
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V I I I.
IX.
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XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Astronomical Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Base Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Datum Points for the Computation of Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methods used by the Topographical Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deta ils o f To pographical Field Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Topographic ally Surveyed Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrographically Surve yed Areas and Lengths of Danger L ine . . . . . .
Beacons Erected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hydrographic Surveying carried out in Svalbard by Foreign E xpedi tions
Oceanographic Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N umber o f Photog raphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary of Papers and Maps Published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Con tributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Illustrations.
Figure
1. The Wireless Station in Gre en Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . Base Line Measurement on Foreland Plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Rowing Bo at used by the E xpedi tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Camp on t he Wa tershed between Kings Highway and Svea Gl. . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Ca mp on the We st Side of Brøgger Peninsula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. M iC "Eni gheden " in Wood Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Beacon on Cape Linne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Motor Boat of the E xpedition in Green Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Men drawing Sledges, Hans Gl., Horn Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. M /C "Snadden" in Horn Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1. Topographer (Koller) at work South of Hornsundtind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 2. Sledge Party crossin g a Glacier-S tream on the Bunge Gl. South of Horn Sound
13. Cairn o n Heim Mts. South o f Van Keulen Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 4. M/C "Bloms tersæl " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15. View towards Nor th·wes t from Ross Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16. H . M. S. "Farm" and M /C "Blomstersæl" in F arm Haven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 7. General Map showing the Principal Inland Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 8 . General Map showing Lo cation of Astronomical Sta tions a nd Main Base Lines
1 9. Moving Camp in the Kjellstrom Valle y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20. General Map showing topographically Surveyed Areas, 1 906 �-1 925 . . . . . . . . . .
2 1 . General Map showing Char ted Areas 1909- 1 9 25 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22. General Map showing Position of Main Oceanographic Sections . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Facing Page
Plate
A. Members of the 19 11 E xpedition on Bo ard M/C "Bellsund "
B. Members of the 192 1 E xped ition on Board H. M. S. "Farm " . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
Il . A . Country be tween Horn Sound and Van Keulen Bay
B. The Kjellstrom Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4
Map of Spitsbergen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at the bac k
L
.
.
Early Norwegian Geographical Exploration
and Special Expeditions.
The scientific exploration of Svalbard was initiated by a Norwegian,
B. M. KEILHAU, professor of geology at Oslo University. H i s voyage
was undertaken in 1 827, and the results o btained were great. H i s geo­
logical, paleontological, and botanical i nvestigations represent pioneer work
of fundamental im portance, and the i n form ation h e gives about the general
natural conditions and the sealing and other hunting activities of the Rus­
sians and N o rwegians at Svalbard is also of very great valu e. KEILHAU'S
n arrative of the expedition is one o f the classical books on Svalbard .
After KEILHAU'S voyage a long interval ensued i n the N orwegian
exploration of Svalbard. In the meantime the Swedes took up the work
under the leadership of men like SVEN LOVEN ( 1 837), OTTO TORELL
(1858, 1 86 1 ), A. E. N ORDEN SKIOLD ( 1 864, 1 868, 1 872- 1 873), A . G . N AT­
H O RST ( 1 870, 1 882, 1 898), and GERARD DE GEER ( 1 882, 1 896, 1 899,
190 1 , 1 908). Also Austrian, British, French, Germ an, and Russian
expeditions participated in the exploration of Svalbard during this time.
Although it is a fact that during the latter half of the nineteenth
century n o expeditions were sent out from N o rway for the particular
purpose of exploring Svalbard, yet severai i mportant geographical dis­
coveries were occasionally made by N o rwegians during this period i n
the part of th e Arctic Ocean extending from G reenland to N ovaya
Zemlya and even as far east as 86 E.
These discoveries were m ostly m ade by such captains of sealing
vessels as had a bent for geographical observation work, and who used
the opportunities arising during their cruises. These discoveries h ave
been of the greatest importance. One may weU claim that N o rwegian
sealing skippers have opened a new era in the k nowledge of these
remote regions.
Among these discoveries, the detaiIs o f which we will not enlarge
upon , the following may be mentioned, all pertaining to the Svalbard
territories : The fi rst passage through Freeman Strait ( E. LUN D , H a m ­
merfest, 1 847) and through H eley Sound (J O H . N I L S E N , Tromsø, 1858);
the discovery of King Karls Land ( ELLIN G CARLSEN , Tromsø, 1859);
the first circumnavigation of Spitsbergen ( ELLI NG CARLSE N , 1863);
the discovery of Rønnbeck I slands and Bastian I slands ( N ILS F. RØN N BECK,
Hammerfest, 1 867); discoveries on the east coast o f N orth East Land
o
10
ADOLF HOEL
(ERIK A . U LVE, Tromsø, 1 87 1 ) ; the first landing on and mapping of
King Karls Land (j . ALTMANN and J OHAN N ES N ILSE N , H a m merfest and
N I LS J O H NSEN, Tromsø, 1 872) ; the discovery of White I sland (Kvitøya)
(j OH AN KJELDSEN , Tromsø, 1 876); the m apping of King Karls Land and the
fi rst passage th rough Rivalen Strait ( H EMMING A N D REASEN, Tromsø, 1 886) ;
discovery of Victoria I sland ( J OHS. N I LSEN and L. SEBULONSEN in 1 898) .
Thus, while Swedish expeditions were engaged i n the scientific
exploration o f Sval bard , chiefly in the western and northern parts of
the islands, Norwegian sealers contributed equally valuable work i n the
eastern part, which is usually block ed by ice. Making bold advances
every time the conditions of the ice were favourable, th ese da ring seamen
succeeded i n determ ining the m ost i m portant features o f the con­
figuration of this part of Spitsbergen , at the same tim e preparing the
way for the scientific expedition s to these dreaded waters. Their ser­
vices to geography may be justly com pared to those o f Dutch whalers
i n the seventeenth century.
Norwegian sealers not on ly deserve credit for geographical d iscov­
eries in Svalbard, but they h ave also contributed considerably to the
knowledge o f the geophysical conditions of th ese regions. Th anks to
their observations we have become fam iliar with the conditions of the
ice i n the Arctic Ocean north of Europe, and in recent years the j our­
nals from their voyages h ave been the principal sources for the m aps
of the boundaries of the ice north of our continent published by the
Meteorological I n stitute of Denm ark. Moreover, these sealers have given
valuable contributions to oceanography by studying the ocean around
Svalbard , taking numerous samples of the water and making observa­
tions of the tem perature i n these ocean areas.
I m portant contributions also to the knowledge of the meteorological
conditions of these extreme Arctic areas are due to N o rwegian trappers
and sealers. Wintering on Bear Island and Spitsbergen, and equipped
with meteorological i nstruments, chiefly from the Meteorological I n sti­
tute of Norway, some of them h ave m ade extremely valuable observa­
tions. SIVERT TOBIESEN , a Tromsø skipper, may be specially mentioned
for his observations o n Bear I sland (1 865- 1 866) , wh ich are the fi rst
observations fro m these regions.
Besides the more incidental discoveries and surveys by N orwegian
trappers and sealers, severai scientific expeditions h ave been sent out to
m ake various special investigations. They have partly been financed by pri­
vate means and partly out of our scientific funds. These expeditions are :
KR. BI RKELAN D : Aurora Borealis expedition 1 902- 1 903 ; H A N S
LARSEN N ORBERG : Geological work, 1 900- 1 9 1 5 ; HJALMARjOHANSEN'S
expedition, 1 907- 1 908 ; HANNA R ESVOLL-HoLMSEN : Botanical expedi­
tio n, 1 908 ; GUNNAR H OLMSEN : Topographical and geological expeditions
1 909 and 1 9 1 2 ; CARL SCH U LZ : Geological exped ition , 1 9 1 2. TH. VOGT :
T H E N ORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
HlO6- 1 926
11
Geological expeditions, 1925 and 1 928; F. SMITH : Plant experiments, 1 925;
and B. LYNGE: Botanical expedition, 1 926. Mention m ay also be made of
ARVE STAXRUD 'S expedition in relief of the missing German SCHRODER­
STRANZ exped ition in 1 9 1 3 .
I n addition to t h e exploration o f Svalbard , extensive surveys of
the ocean around the islands have been carried out by the N o rwegians.
On ly a brief reference to these expeditions will be made here :
I n 1 872 the N orwegian Govern ment sent out a n expedition i n
SI S "Albert" under the leadership of S. G. OTTO, for rescuing t h e crews
of some sealing vessels that were lost i n the ice on the north coast of
S pitsbergen. On this trip, which was m ade in N ovember and December,
m eteorological and oceanographic observations were carried out. From
1 876 to 1 878 the N orwegian N o rth-Atlantic Expedition led by H. MOHN
and G. O. SARS worked i n the northern parts of the Atlantic and Arctic,
extending its exploration (geographical, oceanographic and zoologicaI) to
Svalbard. I n 1 90 1 ROA LD AMUN DSEN'S oceanographic cruise in t h e
"Gjøa" t o o k place, and i n 1 9 1 2 t h a t of FRI DTJOF NANSEN in the
"Veslemøy" . Besides these , there were severaI expeditions sent out by
the Director o f Fisheries i n Bergen for the purpose of making fishing
i nvestigations, oceanographic and zoological work. In 1 900 and 1 90 1
SI S " Michael Sars" with JOHAN HJORT a s I eader carried out research work
in the waters around Bear I sland and Spitsbergen. I n vestigations were
made around Bear I sland by K NUT DAHL, i n 1 902 in the SI S " Skolpen"
and in 1 903 with the SI S "Teisten". In 1 905 THOR IVERSEN cruised
around Bear I sland in the SI S "Michael Sars" assisted by three sailing
vessels and a m otor cutter. In 1 906 explorations around Bear I sland were
again undertaken by THOR IVERSEN in MIC "Geir", in 1 9 1 4 by EINAR
LEA in the " Michael Sars" , and in 1 922 by OSCAR SUN D i n t h e
MI C "j ohan H j ort" . I n 1 923 fishery investigatioll s o f the ocean around
Sval bard and Franz j oseph Land were m ade with MI C "Blaafj eld" and
of the Svalbard waters with MI C "Tovik" in 1 924 and 1 925. In 1 926
the research ship of the Bergen Museum MiC "Armauer Hansen" made
cruises in the Svalbard waters and in the " West- l ee" ; in 1 928 i nvestigations
around Bear I sland were made from SI S " Kirkh olmen " . All these
expeditions were led by THOR IVERSE N .
T h e N o rwegian Government h a s also taken an active part i n meteor­
ological work in Svalbard by establishing m eteorological stations at Anker
H aven i n Green H a rbour ( 1 9 1 1 ) and at Tunheim on Bear I sland ( 1 923);
both places i n connection with wireless stations ; it has also maintained
a geophysical station on Quade Hoek at Kings Bay from 1 920 to 1 924.
Mention should also be m ade o f the important work done by
colliery and other companies. When d evelopment work commenced in
Advent Bay i n 1 905 a topographical and geological survey of the area
was started. I n Green H arbour, BeIl Sound, Braganza Bay, Kings Bay,
ADOLF HOEL
12
etc. , the operating compan ies have a1so carried out topograph ical and
geoJogical work o f great interest, and through the advance o f the mine
workings many important geological facts have been brought to light.
The general survey of the country has thus been m aterially aided by
the work carried out by private companies.
After this brief outline we will now deal with those expeditions
wh ich form the particular subject o f this report. These com prise a
number of expeditions commenced i n 1 906 on the in itiative of Captain
G U N NAR I SACHSEN with the financial aid of PRINCE ALBERT OF MONACO,
Fig.
1.
The Wireless Station i n Gre e n H arbour.
P.
Berge pho!. 1924.
and afterwa rds continued each year with fi nancial support fro m various
sources. These expeditions have all had practically the sam e obj ects :
Topographical and hydrographie surveying, ocean ographic observations,
and geological surveying ; they have continually been m ore or less under
the same leadership and have largely included the same mem bers.
N early all these expeditions have been supported by the N o rwegian
Government, and i n recent years - fro m 1 922 onward - they h ave
been financed solely by the Government. They have gradually become
a permanent institution under the n a m e o f Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs­
undersøkelser (Norwegian Exploration of Svalbard and the Polar Regions )
-, thus forming a strictly lim ited group o f expeditions. Some of the
results of these expeditions h ave al ready been published, although a
great deal of m aterial still remains to be worked out and published.
The results will be p rinted in this series.
We shall now proceed to deal with the individual expeditions.
THE NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 906- 1 926
13
The Norwegian Svalbard Expeditions 1906-1926.
1906.
Expedition fitted out by Prince Albert of Monaco
and led by C aptain G. Isachsen.
The year 1 906 m arks a new era in the N orwegian exploration of
Svalbard . In the previous year, Captain G. I SACHSEN made an appeal
to PRINCE ALBERT OF MONACO, and induced him to di re et his regular
oceanographic cruise to Spitsbergen waters in the summer o f 1 906.
I SACHSEN was o ffered the leadership of an expedition in co-operation
with this cruise, whieh aimed at a topographieal and geologieal survey
of the north-western part of Spitsbergen, and m ore partieularly of
th e interior.
The expedition eonsisted o f eight m e m be rs, viz. , three topographers :
I SACHSEN , Lieutenant ARVE STAXR U D , N orwegian Army, and ALFRED
KOLLER, Civil Engineer ; one geologist : H . H. H O RNEMAN, Mining
Engineer ; one physician : FERD. LOOET, M . D . ( French ) , and three
N orwegian assistants. In addition to the Prince's yacht, " Princesse
Alice", ( 1 042. 1 2 tons gross) the Rshing steamer "K vedfj ord" o f 76.60
tons gross, Captain K. JAKOBSEN , and a crew of six men were placed
at the disposal of the expedition.
The Reid o f operation was the n orth- west corner of Spitsbergen :
north and east of Cross Bay and south of Smeerenburg Bay and
Liefde Bay.
The topographical work consisted in measurements of eight base
lines (four for the geographical map and four for large-scale maps), and
in triangulation and detailed m apping with the plane table and with
p hotogra m metric m ethods. The results were very satisfactory. A n area
of the interior of Spitsbergen of 1 930 sq. kilometres was mapped on the
scale of l : 100 000. Besides, the fronts of the Lilliehook Glacier and
the 1 4th j uly Glacier were measured on l : 25 000 and l : 1 0 000,
respectively. Of the inner end of Magdalena Bay a map on l : 1 0 000
scale was m ade.
Regarding the geological results it may be mentioned that a geological
m ap on the scale of 1 : 1 00 000 was made of the northern part of t h e area,
and that an entirely new fossil fauna was discovered in the Down tonian
near Red Bay.
During the winter o f 1 906- 1 907 the topographical m aterial was
worked on by a permanent staff consisting of th ree topographers ( I SACHSEN,
KOLLER and Captain N ICOLAI RÆDER, Norwegian Army) ; one geologist
( H ORNEMAN) ; one draftsman, and one assistant.
ADOLF HOEL
14
1907 .
Expedition fitted o u t b y Prince Albert of Monaco
and led b y Captain G. Isachsen.
A fresh expedition was started to continue the work of the previous
year. The mem bers were : I SACHSEN , leader and topogra pher, ADOLF
H OEL, geologist, Mrs. H A N N A D IESET (RESVOLL-HoLMSEN), botanist,
and two assistants. The expedition had at its disposal the same two
shi ps as in the previous year. The field o f operation was the Western
and N orthern parts of Spitsbergen, around the area m apped the
previous year.
The topographer com pleted and continued the survey commeneed
by the 1 906 expedition. Two base lines were measured for special
large-scale maps. In that year practically on ly the p hotogra m metric
method was used, as this had proved very satisfactory the year before.
The coastal region around the Seven lee Mountains and the land around
Kings Bay and the northern part of Prince Charles Foreland were
ma pped . Blomstrand H arbour was mapped on the scal e of l : 25 000.
During these two exped itions of 1 906 and 1 907 about 3526 s q . km .
of the north-western part of Spitsbergen were m apped on the scale o f
l : 1 00 000 with contour intervals of 5 0 m . To this must be a d d e d t h e
large-scale m aps mentioned above, the area of which is included in the
a bove figure.
The hydrographie work, which was conducted by P R I N C E ALBERT
h i m self, consisted in a survey o f Cross Bay and its branches for
a chart on the scale o f l : 1 00 000, in all 1 66 sq. k m . I n this fj ord
were also made special charts on the scale of l : 1 2 500 of the following
harbours : Ebeltoft H aven , Port Signe, and Port MCiller, in all 1 5 sq . km.
The su rvey work in Cross Bay were done b y Lieutenant H. BouREE,
French Navy . Besides C ross Bay, also H a mburger Bay was surveyed
on the scale of I : 1 2 500 by I SACHSE N .
H O E L completed t h e geological work o f H OR N EMAN around C ross
Bay and the Seven I ce Mountains and made explorations at Kings
Bay and Wood Bay. At the latter place a rich Lower Devonian fauna
eonsisting of gigantic fish fossils was found. This discovery, together with
that of Downtonian fish remains m ade i n the previous year, led to the
subsequent intensive exploration o f the Downtonian and Devonian of
Spitsbergen by N o rwegian geologists. Studies and colleetions were also
made at Cape Thordsen Peninsula (Triassic) , and i n the Advent Bay and
Green H a rbour regions (Cretaceous and Tertiary) . The velocity and
ablation of the Lilliehook Glaeier were m easured .
The flora o f the n orth-western part of Spitsbergen was formerly
practically unknowll. Mrs. RESVOLL- H oLMSEN now m ade thorough in­
vestigations at various places and with very good results.
THE N ORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITION S
1 906 - 1 926
15
The topographical material was worked on in th e winter of 1 907- 1 908,
and was m ostly finished in the spring of 1 908. The work was done
by the same three topographers as in the previous winter, one geologist
(HoEL), and one assistant.
The greater part of the scientific results o f the se two expeditions
have been published in the publications o f the Prince of Monaco, but
m ost of the fossil collections are still under examination, and will be
treated along with collections from later expeditions.
1908.
Hoel's Expedition.
The mem bers of this expedition, the expenses o f which were
defrayed by contributions from Oslo U n iversity and private persons,
were : HOEL, leader and geologist; G U N NAR H OLMSEN , geologist; and
Captain HJALMAR J OHANSEN. The vessel of the expedition was
SI S " H olmengraa", Captain j. IVERSEN, with a crew of six men, making
a total of nine m e m bers. Geological surveying was carried out at a
num ber of places in the region around lee Fjord, where all the geological
systems occurring in Spitsbergen are represented. It was of great im­
portance for the later N o rwegian exploration of Spitsbergen that the
geologists of this expedition had an opportunity of making themselves
acquainted with the systems of the islands, since these systems do not
occur in N orway. Also the geological collections brough t home by the
expedition forrned a necessary basis for the further study of the geology
o f Spitsbergen by Norwegian geologists.
During the winter of 1 908- 1 909 the geological material from this expe­
dition and fro m previous ones was examined by H OEL. I SACHSEN con­
tin ued the work on the topographical material from his own expeditions.
1909 and 1910.
Isachsen's Expeditions.
Previous expeditions greatly stimulated the interest i n N orway for
1 909 Mr. ISACHSE N started a new expedition ,
t h e c os t of which was partly defrayed b y t h e N o rwegian Govern ment, and
partly by the Nansen Fund and private subscribers. The transport steamer
" Farm" o f the N orwegian Navy was placed at the disposal of the expedition.
The mem bers of the staff were : Three topographers : ISACHSEN, KOLLER
and Captainj. LAU RANTZO N , N o rwegian Army ; two geologists : HOEL and
O LAF HOLTEDAHL; two assistant geologists : GUNNAR WATNELIE and ROLF
MARSTRANDER ; two hydrographers : Captain A. H ERMANSE N , N o rwegian
Navy, (in com mand of the " Farm ") Lieutenant j . (jØRGEN) PETTERSEN­
H A N S E N , Norwegian Navy. With eight assistants and the crew o f the
"Farm " (20 men exclusive of the two officers mentioned above) the expedi­
tion num bered 37 men in all. The 1 9 1 0 expedition consisted o f the same
geologists and hydrographers, but instead of LAU RANTZON the topographer,
S v al b a r d exploration , and in
16
ADOLF HOEL
ARVE STAXRUD and KARL H AAVIMB, Civil Engineer were included. l nstead
of MARST RA N D E R, KRISTIAN SØRLI acted as assistant geologist. MICHALOF F
WIG D E H L, Landscape Painter, accompanied t h e expedition. There were
seven assistants and two ships ; H . M. S:" Farm" with a crew of 2 1 men,
and the m otor sloop " Laila " , Skipper H A N S H OUv\ESLET, with four men.
The total strength of the expedition was thus 43 members.
The main field of operation was the region n orth of the lce Fjord,
south of the Kings Bay region and the country around Wood Bay.
Fig. 2. Base Line Measu rement on Fo reland Plain.
H oel phot. 11/7
1909.
The results o f these large expeditions were m ost im portan t. H ER­
MANSEN and j O RGEN made astronomical determinations of the positions
of seven d i fferent points by measuring the sun's altitudes with the
sextant. These points were : The eastern end of the base line o n Prince
Charles Forelan d , Observation Islet (Ob's ervationsh olmen) in Kings Bay,
Ebeltoft Haven, Ekholm Pt. at Virgo Bay, Sabine Pt., Cairn Bruce at
Red Bay, and a station north o f the base line on Reindeer Pen in sula
(Welcome Pt. ) . In addition, determinations were also made by I SACHSEN
and KOLLER of the azimuth of a triangle side at the east end o f the base
line on Prince Charles Foreland and at the station n orth of the base line
on Reindeer Peninsula. Th ree base lines were m easured : One at
Foreland Plain , one at Reindeer Peninsula, and one west o f Dickson Bay.
The following regions were mapped on the scale o f l : 200 000: Reindeer
17
T H E N ORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS 1906-1926
Peninsula' and the country on either side of Red. Bay, west and south
o f Wood Bay, the region north o f I ce Fjord as far east as Dickson
Bay and as far north as the Bar in the Foreland Sound, and Prince
Charles Foreland, making a total of 5348 sq. km. To this m ust be
added a less accurately mapped area on the south side of Ice Fjord
between the west coast and Coles Bay. This region has been surveyed
more in detail by later expeditions.
Fig. 3. Depar ture from Ca mp South of Ri cha rd Lagoon on Prin ce Charles F oreland.
Rowing Boat used by the Expedition.
H o e l phot.30/7 1909.
Soundings for charts on the scale of l: 200 000 were m ade in
Kings Bay, Foreland Sound, and Green Harbour. SeveraI harbours in
Spitsbergen and a harbour on Bear Island were surveyed on 1 : 25 000
viz. Vulkan Haven, H ecla Haven , Finnes Haven , and N orske H aven
o n Bear Island. The total area sounded is 1382 sq. k m . , and the total
length of the measured 6 m. danger lines is 37 km.
I n 1 9 1 0, much oceanographic work \Vas carrie.d out. Eight ocean 0graphical sections with 35 stations and 1 1 single stations were made
by the offkers of the " Farm " in the sea between Bear Island and
Spitsbergen and off the west and north coasts of Spitsbergen. Regular
observations o f the temperature of the surface of the sea were also
made. Meteorological observations were made on board during the
cruises.
2
18
ADOLF HOEL
H ERMANSEN and JØRGEN made determinations of the mag­
netic declination with a box com pass fitted with a d iopter. The
measurements were carried out in th ree places : At the east end
o f the base line on Prince Charles Foreland, at Ekholm Pt., and
at Sabine Pt.
The geologists worked on the Foreland, on Brøgger Peninsula,
between Cross Bay and Red Bay, i n Reindeer Pen in sula , and i n the
Fig. 4.
C a m p on the Watershed between Kings H ighway and Svea
and H aavi mb.
G.
Gl.
Isachsen (right)
Isachsen phot. 18/7 1910.
surroundings of Wood Bay and Bock Bay. Among the results m a y
be n oted : North-western Spitsbergen was formerly supposed to be built
up o f two different fo rmations, Archæan rocks and the H ecla- H oek system
( Silurian ) . The investigations carried out during these two expeditions
sh owed that the so-called Archæan m ust be included i n the H ecla- H oek
system . In the Downtonian of the Red Bay regio n , in Ben Nevis and
Frankel Ridge, new localities for fossil fishes were discovere d . In these
m ountains m ore than 30 fossiliferous horizons containing a great n umber
o f new or rare fish fossils were found, and i m m ense collections o f these
were brought home. The Carboniferous system was the object of special
examination, and severai new facts were disclosed. Along both shores
of Foreland Sound fields of Tertiary sandstone were found, which
are bordered by great fault lines to the West and the East. N ear
THE NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 906 - 1 926
19
Bock Bay a post-glacial volcano was discovered, the m ost n orth erly i n
the world. I n t h e vicinity were found thermal spri ngs with tem peratures
up to 28 o C. Also other young volcanic cones and necks were found.
Volcanic activity as recent as this was formerly unknown in Spits­
bergen. Somewhat older lava fields were also discovered. The study
o f glacial phen omena was conti nued with special regard to m easure­
ments of the velocities and ablation of LilIieh66k G lacier.
Fig. 5. Camp
on
the West Side
of
Brøgger Penins ula.
O. H oltedahl phot. 25/7 1910.
During the winter o f 1 909- 1 9 1 0 the material was worked on by
p e r m anen t staff consisting of four topographers (I SACHSEN, KOLLER,
LAURANTZO N , and STAX R U D ) , two geologists ( H OEL and H OLTEDA H L ) ,
and one assistant. During the winter of 1 9 1 0- 1 9 1 1 the staff included
six topographers (ISACHSEN, KO L L E R , STAX RUD, RÆDER, HAAVIM B, and
H EN DR IKSEN , Civil E ngineer), two geologists (the sam e as the year
before), and one assistant.
The scientific resuI ts of the expeditions have been published in
"Videnskapsselskapets Skri fter" , Ch ristiania, and have also been issued
as "Expedition Isachsen au Spitsberg 1 909- 1 9 1 0. Resultats scienti fi ques " .
A great part of the geological coIIections i s stil l u n d e r examination,
the resuIts o f which wiII appear i n this publication series.
a
ADOLF HOEL
20
1911.
Hoel and Staxrud's Expedition.
In the spring of 1 9 1 1 the N orwegian Govern ment made grants for
continued exploratory work in Spitsberge n . Financial aid was also given
by p rivate persons.
The topograph ical work was done by STA X R U D and KOLLER, and
the geol ogical work by H OEL and H OLTEDAHL assisted by WAT NELIE.
I n addition, there were seven assistants. The expedition hired the m otor
sloop "Bellsund" of Tromsø, Skipper J O H A N HAGERUP, with a crew of
four, making a total of 1 6 men.
The topographers worked the country between l ee Fjo rd and Bell
Sound. A base line was measured at Coles Bay. The mapped region
is situated on both sides o f Green H a rbour and of Green H a rbour
Glacier- Fridtj of Glaeier, and between Coles Bay and Green H a rbou r ;
the a rea i s 805 sq, km.
Geological work was also done in parts of the same field, covering
especially the Carboniferous, jurassic and Cretaceous systems. On a
sledge journey the interior between Kings Bay, Wood Bay, and Ekman
Bay was also explored . Further, work was done on Brøgger Pen in­
sula and m easurements of the m ovement and ablation o f Lillieh66k
Glacier were continued. Of the work on the Quatern ary geology special
mention may be made of the measurement of the altitudes of a con­
siderable number of raised beaches by means of spirit leveIling.
The perm anent sta ff working o n the material during the winter
of 1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 2 included two topogra phers (STAX R U D and K OLLER), two
geologists (HOEL and H OLTEDAHL), one d raftsman, and one assista nt.
1912.
Hoel and Staxrud's Expedition.
The expedition was fi nanced by the N orwegian Govern ment, the
Nansen Fund, and private contributors. There were two topographers :
A . STAXRU D and KOLLER; one geologist : H OEL ; two assistant geologists :
WATNELIE and JAKOB ELL I N GSE N , Mining Engineer, and fou r assistants.
The motor cutte r "En igheden" of 56.77 tons gross, Skipper I SA K
I SAKSEN, and a crew of three men, was placed at the disposal of the
expedition by D e t Norske Kulkompagnie Ltd, Green Harbour o f Oslo.
The exped ition thus n u m bered 13 men.
The topographers continued the survey of the peninsula between
lee Fjord and Van Mijen Bay east of Berzelius Valley and Coles Bay.
A base line was measured north o f Cold H a rbour. The map was
com pleted towards the east to Mt. Sundevall and Mt. N ordenski6ld, a
total area o f 620 sq. km.
I n order to facilitate navigation in I ce Fjord two beacons were bu ilt,
one on each side of the mouth of the fj ord, on Cape Linn e and on the
Daudmann Plain .
T H E N O RW E G I A N SVALB A R D EXP E D I T I O N S 1 906 - 1 926
21
The m ost im portant geological work of this year was done o n the
northern coast around Wood Bay and Wijde Bay. In the Devonian
system large collections of fishes were made , and the stratigraphy was
also studied. For the fi rst ti me the boundary between the Red Bay
series ( Downtonian) and the Wood Bay series ( Lower Devonian) was
determined. On the west side of Wijde Bay a probable Upper Devonian
series, the Wijde Bay series, was discovered, and the boundary between
this and the underlying Grey H oek series (uppermost Lower Devonian
Fig. 6. M/C "Enigheden" in Wood Bay.
Hoel pho!. 12/8 1912.
o r lowermost Middle Devonian) was determined. These fou r series
appeared to be very thick, their total thickness, which was now measured
for the fi rst time, amounting to about 1 0 000 m. Moreover, thorough
in vestigations were made o f the volcanoes, lava flows, and hot springs
discovered in 1 9 1 0, severaI new necks were found and the extension
o f the lava flows towards the east, as far as to Wijde Bay, was deter­
m i ned. The boundaries between the gran ites o f N orth -West Spitsbergen
o n the one hand, and the Devonian and Carbonife rous formatio ns to
the south and east of the granites on the other, were determined in
the interior east of Kings Bay . I n the surroundings o f Green Harbour
stratigraphical investigations of the J u rassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary
systems were made. The measu rements of the velocity and the rate
of ablation of Lilliehook Glaeier were continued, and a large n u m ber
22
ADOLF HOEL
of m easurements of altitudes of raised beaches were also e ffected by
leveHing.
I n the course of the winter of 1 9 1 2- 1 9 1 3 two topographers
(STAX RUD and KOLLER) one geologist ( H OEL), and one assistant, were
permanently engaged on the material.
1913.
H o el and Staxrud's Expedition.
The expenses of this expedition were defrayed by the N orwegian
Govern m ent, the Nansen Fund, and private donators. ST AX RUD that year
being engaged in relieving the German SCHRODER-STRANZ expedition,
the work was i n charge of H OEL alone. The m e m bers were one
topographer : KOLLER; ane hydrographer : Lieutenant SVERRE RØVIG,
Norwegian Navy ; two geologists : H OE L and AN D ERS K. O RVIN (OLSE N),
Mining Engineer ; and three assistants. For a short time ELLINGSEN
participated as assistant geologi st. The vessel was the m otor cutter
"J enny" of Hammerfest, with a crew of th ree me n , not including
the captain who was also the hyd rographer. A seagoing m otor boat
with one man was also available. Thus the expedition comprised the total
number of 12 men.
I n the course of this summer two areas were topographically mapped,
one on the south side of the I ce Fjord between Coles Bay and Advent
Bay, and one on the north side of the inner section of Van Mijen Bay .
The areas occupy a total surface of 202 sq. k m .
T h e hydrographie work was undertaken on the south s i d e o f the
m outh of Ice Fj ord fro m Festningen and along the coast from Ice Fjord
to ha lf-way towards BeH Sound, soundings being made over the entire
Røvig's shoal. The area sounded occupies 228 sq. k m . , and the length
of the 20 m . danger l i n e measured is 49 km. The beacon erected on
Cape Linne in the p revious year was enlarged.
The geological work took place i n an area between the west coast
and a line fro m Green Harbour to Axel I sland. The systematic geological
m apping of the peninsula between Ice Fjord and Bell Sound -Van Mijen
Bay on the scale of l : 50 000 was commenced. T h o rough stratigraphical
investigations of the J urassic-Cretaceous systems, previously little known,
were undertaken . At Festni ngen on the southern side of Ice Fjord a
series about 1 400 meters thick belonging to these two system s was
m easured in detail, and fossiIs were coHected at 45 h orizons. I n the
Culm sandstone on the southern side of BeH Sound an important
discovery of fossil plants was made, an accu rate profile o f the border
strata between the Culm division and the H ecla-H oek fo rmation being
traced . The tectonic relations of the younger strata (Carboniferous­
Tertiary) in the mountain range on the west coast o f Spitsbergen were
cleared up. Finally it may be mentioned that the altitudes of a num ber
o f Quaternary marine terraces were m easured.
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 906- 1 926
23
The material collected was dealt with by a permanent sta ff con­
sisting of two topographers ( STAXR U D and KOLLER ) , one geologist ( HOEL )
and one assistant.
1914.
Hoel and Staxrud's Expedition.
This expedition was fi nanced by the Norwegian Govern ment and
the N ansen Fund. The following men participated : Two topographers :
STAXRUD and KOLLER; one hydrographer : RØVIG; two geologists : H OEL
Fig. 7. Be acon 'on Cape Linne from the West.
Hoel phot. 5/S 1913.
and JOHAN BRAASTAD, Mining Engineer; one cinematographic operator,
and four assistan ts. The vessel used was the motor cutter "Vaarsol "
o f Tromsø, having a crew of four men n o t i ncluding t h e captain , who
also acted as hydrographer. The expedition num bered 1 4 men . The
scene o f operations was the peninsula between l ce Fj ord and Bell Sound­
Van Mijen Bay.
The topographers worked around Advent Valley, where an area o f
about 302 s q . km from t h e mouth of t h e valley a n d up t o Brent Pass
was mapped.
The sounding work was carried out at the mouth of Ice Fjord
west of a line from Cape H eer to Cape Selma and along the coasts
of Green Harbour. The area sounded amounted to 32 1 sq. k m . and
the length of the 1 0 and 20 m. danger line measured was 83.5 km.
24
ADOLF H OEL
The geologists operated between Green Harbour and Coles Bay
and east of Green Harbour Glacier- Fridtjof Glacier. The systematie
geological mapping on the scale of l : 50 000 was continued in these
areas. Severai profil es were traced ; detailed measurement of the
profile of Festningen was continued , the Triassic and Permian strata
being measured. I m portant discoveries o f fossil shells were made i n
the Tertiary system . An exam ination o f these sh owed t h a t the strata
on Spitsbergen are older than was formerly believed. They were
Fig. 8. Motor Boat of the Expedition in Green Harbo ur.
Hoel phot. June 1913.
supposed to be o f Miocene age, but our discoveries showed that they
very likely belong to the Paleocene age. Also severai Quaternary marine
terraces between Green Harbour and Coles Bay were measured by
spirit lev elling.
In the course of the winter of 1 9 1 4- 1 9 1 5 the material collected
was dealt with by two topographers : STAX R U D and KOLLER, one geologist :
H O EL, and one assistant.
1915.
This year H OEL's
Nansen Fund. At the
Engineer, were engaged
coal fi e1ds on the west
Hoel's Expedition.
voyage to Spitsbergen was supported by the
same time H OEL and A. KVALHEIM, Mining
by a Norwegian company to report upon the
side of Advent Bay belonging to an American
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITION S
1 906 - 1 926
25
co mpany, The Arctic Co al Co. of Bosto n , Mass. The voyage was
undertaken in the ships o f this company. The special objects wer e
ge o logical investigations o f t h e Tertiary system a n d t h e coal-seam s a t
Advent Bay.
It was o f great i m portance for the fu rther examination of the coal­
bearing syste m s on the peninsula between l ee Fjord and Bell Sound­
Van Mijen Bay, that the m i nes and ex ploring adits, as well a s the
considerable geological m aterial i n possession of the company, were
made accessible to the expedition .
I n t h e course of the winter of 1 9 1 5- 1 9 1 6 the m aterial fro m this
expedition and the two previous on es was worked on by H OE L and
one assistant.
1916.
Hoel's Expediti o n .
I n the summer of 1 9 1 6 H O E L was engaged by a Norwegian con­
cern as the leader of an expedition to Spitsbergen to examine coal fields
south-east of Green H arbour and between Advent Valley and Conway
Valley. The mem bers of the expedition included one topographer and
and hydrographer : C L A U S SCHIVE, Civil Engineer ; two geologists : H O E L
and BRAASTA D , and 10 assistants. The m otor cutter " Svalbard " , Skipper
O L U F OLSEN with a crew of four m en , was ch artered , so that the
expedition totalled 1 7 m e m bers.
The topographical work consisted i n special mapping on the scale
o f l : 1 000 and l : 2000 for projected routes of aerial ropeways and sites
for possi ble works, and in photogra m m etric m apping on the scale of
l : 50 000 on both sides of Advent Bay and south-west of Advent Valley.
The hydrographie work consisted in making charts of a h a rbour
territory east of Green H arbour at the head of the fjord on the sca1e
o f l : 1 000 and soundings of H iorth a m n on the scale of l : 2000.
I n order to determ i n e the tidal range and h igh-water ti m e and
to obtain datum point for the m easure ments of altitudes and depths,
SCHlVE m ade observations of the tides at H i orth a m n by mean s of a
tide gauge that was read every hour.
The geological work consisted in the uncovering of coal-seams and
i n a general geological exa mination of the lowest part o f the Tertiary
system . The results obtained were o f great im portance for the study
o f the Tertiary and Cretaceous coal deposits.
The exa mination of the geological m aterial from this expedition and
the two previous ones was continued during the winter o f 1 9 1 6- 1 9 1 7
by H OEL, who was occupied at the same time with the arrangement
and cataloguing of the great amount of p hotographic material from the
I SACHSEN expeditions of 1 909- 1 9 1 0. The expenses were defrayed by the
" U niversitetets j u bileumsfond" ( U n iversity j u bilee Fund ) . For this work
he had two assistants.
26
ADOLF HOEL
1917.
H o e l a n d Røvig's Expedition.
In 1 9 1 7 the Govern ment again made grants for our Spitsbergen
expeditions, but some of the expenses were also defrayed by private
donators. The staff of the expedition was : One topographer : KOLLER,
one hydrographer : RØVIG, three geologists : H OEL, W. WERENSKIOLD,
Professor of geography at Oslo U niversity , and A N DERS K. O RVIN,
Mining Engineer. There were eight assistants and a crew of five m e n ,
not inc1uding the captain , w h o w a s hyd rographer on the chartered ves­
sel of the expedition, the motor cutter "Dyrstad" of Tromsø. Thus
the expedition num bered 1 8 men altogether.
The topographer worked in the region east of Advent Bay, wh ere
an area of 1 1 5 sq. km. was m apped. A base line was measured
at H iorthamn for the control and adjustment of the trigonome­
tric net. At the same place tidal measurements were made by reading
a tide gauge eve ry hour for about 20 days. The mean water level
obtained in this way was used as datu m point for the m easurements
of altitudes. I n thi s way corrections of the determinations of altitudes
made on previous expeditions were obtained. The datum point for these
earlier determin ations had not been fixed with sufficient accuracy. At
the expense of the owners of the coal fi elds on the east side of Advent
Bay, the levelling of a profile for an aerial ropeway was com pleted and a
special map was made on the scale of 1 : 1 0 000 of the upper part of
Mt. Hiorth , for u se i n the estim ation of the coal reserves. In the terri­
tory between H orn Sou nd and Bell Sound reconnoitring work for
topographical mapping was done by the geologists. ,Cairns were built,
photogra phs take n , a n d a sketch map was made on the scale o f
1 : 250 000.
Hydrographie surveying was u ndertaken in the waters between lee
Fjord and Bell Sound. The large bank called SentineIle Bank situated
south-west of the mouth of l ee Fjord, and the waters surrounding this
bank, were sounded. The area amounts to 953 sq. km . and the length
of the 20 m . danger line is 1 7 k m .
T h e geologists first worked around H orn Sound where t h e H ecla­
H oek formation and the Devonian system were studied, fish fossils being
collected i n the Devonian strata. Also some ore deposits were exa mined.
Furtherm ore, on the south side of the outer part of the fj ord large areas of
strata from the Lower Carboniferous and Perm ian systems were discovered ;
previously it was believed that the only rocks found here were those
of the H ecla- H oek formation . The coastal area between H o rn Sound and
Bell Sound was a1so investigated . As in the north-west part of Spits­
bergen, it appeared i m possible a1so in this area to maintain any distinetion
TH E N O RWEGIAN SVALBA RD EXPEDITION S
1 906� 1 926
27
between the previously supposed Archean and the H ecla- H oek forma­
tion . Also here i n the south of Spitsbergen igneous rocks penetrate
the H ecla- H oek formation , which contain rocks that are more or less
altered by regional m etamorphism. An accurate section of the entire
Culm series on the north side of BeIl Sound was m easured . FinaIly,
a n examination of the coal deposits on the west side of' Recherche Bay
and aroun d Advent Bay was m ade.
The topographical a n d geological m aterial was worked on in the
course of the winter of 1 9 1 7- 1 9 1 8 by KOLLER a n d H OEL.
1918.
Hoel and Røvig's Expedition.
The expedition was fi n anced by the Govern ment, the N ansen Fund,
and private donators. The sta ff of this expedition included the fol lowing :
Th ree topographers : KOLLER, WILHELM SOLHEIM, Civil Engineer, and
JØRGEN GLØERSEN, a student at the Tech n ical H igh School of N o rway ;
one hydrographer : RØVIG, and twa geologists : H OEL and WERENSKIOLD,
who in addition to the geological investigations also carried out a co n­
siderable a mount of topographical work. There were eight assistants.
The m otor cutter " Lancing" o f Tro msø was chartered , with a crew of
five men, not including the captain, who was the hydrographer m en tioned
above. Thus the expedition num bered 19 men in all. The field of
operations was the surroundings of H orn Sound and the coastal region
between this fj ord and Bell Sound.
The following topographical work was done : One base line was
m easured at Goes H aven on the south side of H orn Sound and another on
the west side of Recherche Bay. At the former place determin ations o f the
water level were made i n order to obtain definite datum points for the mea­
surements of altitudes. The trigonometric net was connected to that on
the peninsula north of BeH Sound , and i n the country around H orn
Sound sights were obtained towards the points Mt. H edgehog and H orn­
sund tind in th e Russian geodetic net from 1 899- 1 90 1 . The m a pped
area consists o f the country on the south and east side o f H orn
Sound some I S km. wide, and of the area between H orn Sound and
BeIl Sound west of a line from the north-east corner of H orn Sound
to Point Ahlstrand in Van Keulen Bay, not including a considerable
area south of the mouth of BeH Sound. The mapped area a mounts
to 1 530 sq. k m . Observations of the tide were carried out by SOLHEIM
by reading a tide gauge in Goes H aven i n H orn Sound.
The hydrographie survey consisted in sounding lee Fjord o ff the
coast from Russe River to 5 km. south-west o f Delta Pt. , including
Coles Bay and Advent Bay, and also sounding east and north of Loweness
on the north side of the m outh of Bell Sound. This work was con­
siderably handicapped, as the entire crew of the vessel was down
28
ADOLF HOEL
with influenza. The area sounded am ounts to 35 1 sq . k m . and the
length of the danger line is 83 km.
In t h e geological work stress was laid on geological recon n oitring
of the areas topographically mapped d u ring the summer, consisting
almost exclusively o f the rocks of the Hecla- H oek fo rmation. The
Devon ian system in H orn Sound was also made the subject o f strati­
graphical and structural investigations, a n d special examination was made
of severai coal and m ineral bearing area s : The coal deposits at Advent
Fig. 9. Men d rawing Sledges, Hans Gl., Horn Sound. H oel
phot. 27 17 1 9 1 8 .
Bay and K ing s Bay, asbestos deposits at Recherche Bay, and gypsum
and phosph orite deposits o f the peninsula o f Cape Th ordse n .
I n the course o f the winter of 1 9 1 8- 1 9 1 9 the perm anent staff a t
t h e office of t h e expedition included : Two topogra phers : KOLLER and
SOLH EIM, one geologist : H OEL, and one typist.
1919.
Hoel's Expediti o n .
This expedition was fi n a nced by t h e Gove r n m ent, the N a n sen Fund,
Spitsbergen coal companies, and other pri vate con tri butors. The following
mem bers participated : T h ree topogra p h ers : KOLLE R , A. STAX R U D , and
SOLHEIM ; two hyd rographers : H ERMANSEN ( ca pittain of t h e expedition ship
" Farm" and Lieutenant G. H OVDENAK, N o rwegian N avy ; two geologists :
H OEL and W E R E N S KIOLD, who also carried o u t considerable topograph ical
T H E N ORWEGIAN SVA LBARD EXPEDITI O N S
1 906- 1 926
29
work, M I C HALOFF WIGD E H L, Landscape Painter, and 1 0 assistants.
Two vessels were available : The transport " Farm" o f the N o rwegi an
Navy with a crew of 27 men, not i ncluding two o ffk e rs who were
the hydrographers m entioned above, and the motor cutter "Snadden " ,
S kipper H ILMAR N Ø J s, placed at t h e disposal of the expedition
by the coal com panies i n Spitsbergen . The " Farm" carried one
seagoing motorboat. The mem bers of the expedition totalled 46 men.
The topographical work was done chiefly in the country between
H orn Sound and South Cape and
on the west coast between Cape
Lyell and Cape Klaveness. Minor
work was also done on the n orth
side of Bell Sound, on the n orth side
of the outer part o f Van Keulen Bay,
and on the west side of Recherche
Bay. This year a com plete connec­
tion between our triangular net and
the Russian geodetic net was obtained,
Mt. Keilhau being included in both
nets. At the same ti m e Mt. H edge­
h og and H o rnsundtind were located
by intersection.
The t otal area
m apped amounted to 995 sg. km.
The hydrographie work was done
i n the coastal waters from the north
side o f Bell Sound to the south side
of H orn Sound. The 20 m. danger
line was traced from Cape Lyell to
the south side o f H orn Sound. Sound­ Fig. 1 0 . MIC "Snadden" in Horn Sound.
H o e l p h o t . 20/7 1 9 1 9 .
ings were made in Bell Sound as far
a s Axel Island and also in the
m o uth of H orn Sound and in the waters between these two fj ords outside
the danger line. I nside this line the location of some rocks, sunken
or otherwise, and islets was determ ined, and a few soundings were
m ade. An area of 3329 sg. km was sounded, and the length of the 1 0 m .
a n d 2 0 m . danger lines w a s 1 6 1 , 5 k m .
During t h e entire cruise regular meteorological observations were
m ade on board the " Farm ". Also observations of the condition o f the
sea and the tem perature at the surface o f the sea were made.
The m ost im portant part o f the geological work was an explora­
tion of the country between H orn Sound and South Cape. Excepting
the coast on the south side o f fj orn Sound, which was examined by
t h e expeditions in 1 9 1 7 - 1 9 1 8, the geology of this area was previously
e ntirely unknown . We succeeded in determ ining the m ost i mportant
30
ADOLF HOEL
features of the geological structure of the country. I t was formerly
believed that the entire area was built up of rocks of the H ecla- H oek
formation. Our in vestigations showed, however, that along the west
coast and to the extreme south there was a strip of 7 or 8 km. i n width
consisting of rocks of the younger systems (Carboniferous, Permian,
Triassic, j u rassic, and Cretaceous) . The strata o f the Devonian system
were traced from H orn Sound to Storm Bay. In the H ecla- H oek
formation crinoid stems were fo und at a nunatak in the interior of the
Fig. 1 1 . Topographer (Koller) at Work South of Hornsundtind.
H o e l ph ot. 28 17 1 9 1 9.
country. FossiIs from this formation in Spitsbergen were not previously
described . Geological investigations were m ade o f the Hecla-H oek forma­
tion aroun d Recherche Bay, o f the coast from Dunder Bay to Cape
Klaveness, o f the north coast of Ferrier H aven and o f the coal-seams
at Green H a rbour, Advent Bay, and Kings Bay.
From the west coast between H orn Sound and South Cape, the
flora of which was previously quite unknown, a considerable n u m ber
of phanerogam plants were collected.
The material was dealt with at the office of the expedition i n the
course of the winter o f 1 9 1 9- 1 920 by the following permanent staff :
Two topographers : KOLLER a n d SOLHEIM ; o n e geologist : H O E L , and
one typist.
TH E N O RWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1920.
1 906- 1 926
31
Hoel's Expedition.
The expedition was fi n anced by the Govern ment, the N ansen Fund,
Svalbard coal companies, and an insurance company. The m e m bers
of the sta ff were : Four topographers : KOLLER, SOLHEIM, A . STAXRUD
and O. STAXRUD, Civil Engineer ; two hydrographers : H E RMANSEN ( i n
command of the " Farm" ) and Lieutenant HJ . FR. GJERTS E N , N o rwegia n
N avy ; t w o geologists : H OEL a n d WEREN SKIOLD, who also did a con-
Fig. 1 2. Sledge Party crossing a Glacier-Stream on the Bunge Gl. South of Horn Sound.
H oel p h o t . 27 /7 1 9 1 9 .
siderable amount of topogra phical work. Fu rther, one botanist : J O H A N N E S
LID, Curator at t h e Botanical Museum , Oslo ; and HJALMAR PEDE RS0N,
Landscape Painter, participated in the expedition. There were 9 assistants,
and the vessel had a crew o f 28 men, not including the two o ffkers
who were the two hyd rographers m entioned above. The vessel o f the
expedition was also this year the "Farm" with a sea-going m otorboat.
The expedition thus totalled 47 men.
The expedition called at Bear I sland. The coal m i nes here were
operate'd by a company that had received financial support from the State
and, according to instructions from the Ministry of Trade, the m ines
and surface plant were inspected by geologists o f the expeditio n.
On Spitsbergen topographical surveying was carried out i n three
d i fferent areas : Around Van Keulen Bay, around the upper part o f
32
ADOLF HOEL
Conway Valley and between the west side o f De Geer Valley and
Sassen Valley. I n addition, severaI supplementary measurements were
made on the south side of Advent Valley and along the coast between
H orn Sound and South Cape.
Ever since 1 909 the ph otogra m m etric m ethod of mapping has been
used exclusively. In the cou rse of these years the topographers o f the
expeditions have made severaI improve m ents, developing the m ethods
to a h igh degree of perfe ction. I n 1 920, h owever, it was decided
to try the stereo-ph otogra m­
metric method. A Carl Zeiss
field outfit was h i red fro m A lS
Kartkontoret Stereografik, Oslo.
Maps were made on the scale
o f l : 20 000 o f part of the east
side of Advent Bay and o f a
region to the south-west of Advent
Valley. Maps were also made of
the south side o f B raganza Bay
on the scale of l : 50 000 and
l : 25 000, and of part of the
country on both sides of Van
Keulen Bay on the scale of
l : 50 000.
The tota l area o f
the ma pped regions is 1 487
sq. k m .
Hydrographie surveying in­
cluded a com plete survey of the
coasral waters fro m the n o rth
side of I ce Fjord to Gudrun I slet
Fig. 13. Cairn on Heim Mts. South of
Van Keulen Bay.
at Farm H aven . The coast line
Torj us Berge ph ot. 18/7 1 920.
and the 20 m . danger line were
traced, and soundings were m ade
between the danger line and the shore. The southern inlet to Fore­
land Sound was also h y d rographed, and at St. H ans I slets some
soundings were made. H owever, the principal work was carried out
in the southern part of Spitsbergen, where soundings were made
from Cape Keilhau to the south side of H orn Sound. I n this a rea the
20 m . danger line was measured and soundings were made as far as
five or six nautical m iles outside th e danger line. Also inside this line
some soundings were made and the positions of some rocks, sunken
and oth erwise, and islets, were determined. The hydrogra phical
conditions of H orn Sound were also ascertained. The a rea sounded i s
al together 1 84 1 sq. k m , a n d t h e length of the 2 0 m . danger l i n e is
1 1 5, 5 km.
De norske statsunderstøt. Spi tsbergeneksped . B . r , N o . 1 .
Pl. I
A. Members of the 191 1 Expedition on Board M/C "Bellsund" in Tromsø
after the Return.
l.
l.
KolJ er,
2.
Holtedah l ,
3.
A . Staxrud,
4.
Hoel,
S.
Watnelie,
6.
J o ha n H ageru p, skipper.
B. Members of the 1 9 2 1 Expedition on Board H. M. S. "Farm" in Tromsø
after the Return.
Thorkelsen,
2.
Hermansen,
3.
Hoel,
4.
Gjertsen,
5.
Pedersøn ,
6.
Føn hus,
7.
Koller,
8.
Solhei m , 9. Orvi n .
T H E NORWEGIA N SVALBAR D EXPEDITIONS
33
1 906- 1 926
The geological work was done partly on the n orth side of Van
Keulen Bay, where the J u rassic-Cretaceous and Tertiary systems were
subjected to investigation , partly along the coast from H orn Sound to
Betty Bay, wh ere the areas built up o f strata younger than H ecla-H oek
were examined more c1osely. In addition to the previously known
Carboniferous-Cretaceous systems, strata of the Tertiary systems were
also discovered, and in these a coal-seam was found. The south-west
corner of West Spitsbergen is built u p o f these strata. Finally, an
exami nation was made of the coal deposits at Braganza Bay, at Advent
Bay, at the Cape Boheman Pen in sula, and at Kings Bay.
Botanical work was carried out m ore especially on the north side
o f Van Keulen Bay and on the coast from Horn Sound to Betty Bay.
Studies o f the flora were also made during short stays at severai places :
On Bear I sland, at Green H arbour, and at Advent Bay, at Cape
Boheman Peninsula and at Kings Bay. Special attention was paid to
critical species of plants such as Draba and Salix, and particularly to
speci mens of Iichens and m osses fro m test surfaces and profiles. The
collection com prises 84 1 items. The principal field of operations was
the country between H orn Sound and South Cape. These investigations
will be the foundation o f a com plete description of the fl ora o f this area ,
which is almost unknown botanically. I t may be m entioned that LID
discovered in this area a species of phanerogams, Salix herbacea L .
not previously found in Svalbard .
Our expedition co-operated this year with a Swedish hydrographie
expedition led by com mander GUSTAF REINl US, Swedish Navy. The
Swedes obtained from us trigonometrical data and coast-Iines o f Bell
Sound and Van Mijen Bay, on the basis o f which the inner part of
Bell Sound and Van Mijen Bay were charted on the scale o f l : 1 20 000.
Some special charts on a large scale were also made.
I n the course o f the winter of 1 920 - 1 92 1 the m aterial was worked
on at the office of the expedition , the permanent staff consisting of:
Two topographers : K O L L E R and SOLHEIM ; one geologist : HOEL, and
ane typist. T h e maps made by stereo-photogra m m etric methods were
constructed by A lS Kartkontoret Stereografik, a Zeiss stereo-autograph
being used .
1921.. Hoel's Expedition.
The expedition was fi nanced by the Government, the Nansen Fund,
Svalbard coal companies, and " N orges Rederforbund" (Norwegian Ship­
owners' Federation) . The following m e m bers participated : ' Two topo­
graphers : KOLLER and SOLHEIM ; three hyd rographers : H E RMANSEN
(captain o f the " Farm "), GJ ERTS E N , and Lieutenant K N U T THORKELSE N ,
N o rwegian N a vy ; th ree geologists : H OEL, WERENSKIOLD (the latter also
3
34
ADOLF HOEL
working as a topographer), and O RVI N . HJALMAR PEDERSØN , Landscape
Painter, and MI KKJEL FØN H US, the author, also acco m panied the expedition.
There were nine assistants. The vessels of the expedition were : H .M.S.
" Farm " , MIC "J an Mayen" of Tromsø, and a m otor boat. The crew
of the " Farm " consisted of 28 men (not including the offkers). The
motor cutter had one regular engineer. The expedition totalled 48 men.
This year, too, the expedition visited Bear I sland, where the mines
and plant were inspected according to instructions from the Ministry
of Trade.
On Spitsbergen the following topographical work was done : The
base line at H iorth a m n , m easured with steel tape in 1 9 1 7, was re­
measured with I nvar wire, and another base line was m easured at
Ny- Å lesund for a special map of the mining area. Mapping was done
of the country south of Van Mijen Bay and of two smaller areas,
one on the north side of Van Mijen Bay east of Blue Hoek, and
the oth er at Cape Ahlstrand. The area m apped amounts to 502 sq.
k m . Finally, in September, after the ordin ary topographical work was
completed , a stereo-photogrammetric m a p on the scale of l : 1 000
was m ade for Kings Bay Kul Comp. A lS, Å lesund, of the company's
coal areas on the south side of Kings Bay, a total area of 1 2 sq. km.
The hydrographie work consisted in soundings of a 20 m . danger line
from Sandy Bay on the east side o f Prince Charles Foreland, around
the south end and further along the west side and the north end of
this island. Soundings of the sea south-west, west, and north of Prince
Charles Foreland were carried out up to 1 2 nautical miles fro m the
coast. In lee Fjord a 1 0 m. danger line was sounded fro m Safe H ar­
bour to Cape Boheman and from Pt. Delta toward s Advent Bay. Also
an area in the middle part of l ee Fjord as far east as Pt. Delta was
sounded . Minor work was done at Reinius I slands on the north side
of Bel1 Sound. The total area sounded is 3472 sq. km and the length
of the m easured 1 0 and 20 m . danger lines is 1 80.5 k m .
Observations of the tide were m a d e by K O L L E R in V a n Keulen
Bay and in Kings Bay at N y- Å lesund, and by KOLLER and WEREN­
SKIOLD on the south side of Van Mijen Bay.
Meteorological observations were made during the entire cruise of
the " Farm ". Also wave m otion and the tem perature of the surface
were noted. Observations of the m agnetie declination were e ffected with
a Bamberg declinatorium on Bear Island, at Green Harbour, Advent
Bay, and Kings Bay.
Part of the geological work was undertaken in the area on the
south side of Van Mijen Bay which had been topographically m apped
in the same year, this area being m ade up entirely o f Tertiary strata .
Geological investigations were also made on the south side of Van
Keulen Bay. In the extreme west of this area there are strata o f the
T H E N ORWEGIAN SVA LBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 906 - 1 926
35
H ecla-H oek form ation, then follow strongly folded strata o f the systems
from Carboniferous to Cretaceous, and fi nally, innermost, some fl a t-lying
sandstones and slates o f the Tertiary syste m . Further, geological
work was done in the western part o f the Middle H oek pen in sula where
(in the sam e way as on the south side of Van Keulen Bay ) all the
systems fro m Hecla-Hoek to Tertiary , except the Devonian, are
present, all h aving strongly folded and overturned strata. The Tertiary
area on the peninsula south o f I ce Fj ord between a line from Coles
Bay-Berzelius Valley and a line fro m Bear Valley to the east side
of the mouth of Conway Valley was m apped on the scale o f l : 50 000,
the total area being 785 sq. km. Special examination of the coal deposits
was made at the following points : O n the east side of Advent Bay
between this bay and Coles Bay, at Cape Boheman Peninsula, in
Mt. Pyramid, where a new m ineral was found i n a burning co al seam,
and at Kings Bay. Finally, the altitudes o f some raised beaches on the
east side o f Coles Bay were measured by spirit levelIing.
During the winter of 1 92 1 - 1 922 the members of the perm anent
sta ff of the expedition were : Two topograph ers : KOLLER and SOLHEIM,
two geologists : HOEL and O RVIN, and one typist. The stereophotogram­
metric maps were constructed by A l S Kartkontoret Stereografik, Oslo.
1922.
H o el's Expedition.
The expedition was fi nanced by the Government and the N ansen
Fund. The mem bers were : Two topographers : KOLLER and SOLHEIM ;
one hydrographer : EILIF IVERSEN, Civil Engineer ; one oceanographer :
OLAF DEVIK, Director of the m eteorological division of the Geophysical
I n stitution, Tromsø ; four geologists : H OEL, WERENSKIOLD, O RVI N , and
SVERRE BLEKUM, Mining Engineer. There were 1 1 assistants, five
workmen, and a crew of eight men on the expedition vessel, the
m otor cutter " Ringsæl" of Trom sø, Skipper ALFRED G U D M U N D S E N . Th e
expedition totalled 3 2 m e m bers.
The topographical work was done on Spitsbergen in j uly and on
Bear I sland i n August. O n Spitsbergen , the country south of Advent
Bay, a total area o f 67 sq. k m . was surveyed. On Bear I sland a base
line was measured in Sørlia and also carried out triangulation work. The
filling in o f topographical details was largely made with stereophoto­
gra m metry supplemented by some tacheometer measurements. I n this
way the following areas were measured : 6. 1 8 sq. km on the scale of
l : 2 000 with contour intervals of 1 ol , and 6. 46 sq. km on the scale
of l : 2 000 with contour i ntervals of 2 m. The m aps, the total a rea of
which is 1 2.64 sq. km, include the country around South H aven and a strip
o f land from this bay to Sal mon Lake. This work was done with a view
36
ADOLF H O EL
to erecting an aerial ropeway from the possible coal area at Sal mon Lake
to a proj ected store and l oading place at South H aven.
Hydrographie work consisted in sounding South H aven for a
chart on the scale of I : 1 000, 4 000 soundings being made. At this
point also measurements oj the water level were m ade by I VERSE N ,
in order t o determine the tidal d i fference a n d the time of high water
as weU as to obtain a datum point for the measurements of heights and
depths. For this purpose a tide gauge was read every hour for about
two weeks. From the trigonometric poin t Tp. 1 6 a levellings were made
to one of the two bolts at Russe H aven driven into the rock in 1 899
by j . G. A N D E RSSON ' S expedition. I n this way it was possible to
make com parisons between the water Ievels in the years 1 922, 1 899
and also 1 864 as in this year N O R D E N S K I O L D ' S expedition fixed a
bolt at Russe H aven , and the relation of this bolt to that fro m 1 899
had been determ ined before. Th e resuIts of the measurements show
that throughout this period, at least from 1 864 to 1 899, the water Ievel
has been stationary. Later there has possibly been a \ittle uph eaval ,
but the calculated amount o f this is so insignificant that it m ay be
ascribed to errors if! the measurements.
Oceanographic work consisted in m aking the following sections
and series o f m easurements : Sections across the Gulf Stream west of
Bear I sland, a section across the cold westward South Cape current
between Bear I sland and South Cape, a section from Ice Fj ord due
westward into the Gulf Strea m , a series of measurements in Cross Bay,
and a section from Verlegen H oek north ward to the bound ary of d rift­
ice , where a point of the position 8 1 0 29 ' N . Lat. and 1 9 ° 20 ' E. Long.
was reached. At this point, where the depth was found to be 3 076 m,
the tem perature was m easured down to the bottom, where sam ples of
the water were also take n . This work is noteworthy because a high
northern latitude was reached (the poin t mentioned lies near the farthest
point ever reached i n northern ice - free waters) , and because sam ples
were taken and temperature measurements made at the b ottom o f the
deep polar basin . It was the first time this had been done with m od ern
i n struments. Altogeth er, observations were m ade from 29 stations,
including eight single stations and 2 1 stati ons that constituted the four
oceanographic sections.
Geological work on Spitsbergen con sisted in an examination o f the
coal fields on the east side o f Advent Bay belonging to A iS De Norske
Kuljelter Spitsbergen of Bergen, and of deposits at Kings Bay belonging
to Kings Bay Kul Comp. A / S of Å lesund. A t the fo rmer place the
work was done by B L E K U M , and at the latter place by ORVI N . Also
H OEL to ok part for some time in the w ork at Kings Bay. A report
on the coal deposits and the mines was telegraphed to the Ministry of
Trade in view of the question of State support for th ese mines.
THE NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 90 0 - 1 926
37
At Advent Bay th ree Tertiary eoal seams not previously known
from this area were foun d . O f these one or two were considered
workable ; they contained eoal of better quality than that known before
at this point. All the fou r Tertiary seams known were uncovered in
seven plaees. Twenty-two samples of eoal were take n , and these were
subm itted for analysis to Dr. j. GRAM, Ch ief Analyst of the N o rwegian
State Railways.
At Kings Bay a geologieal map was made of the entire B røgge r
peninsula on the seale of l : 50 000. Besides, a geologieal map ( 1 : 1 0 000)
of the Tertiary eoal deposits was made. N u merous geological seetions
were made, and a considerable nu m ber o f eoal samples, i n addition to
those mentioned above, were brought home ; they, too, were analysed
by Dr. GRAM.
During the winter of 1 922- 1 923 the topographical and geol ogical
m aterial was dealt with by the perm anent sta ff of the expedition : Three
topographers : KOLLER, SOLHEIM, and J A KOB SARTORIUS, Civil Engineer ;
two geologists : H OEL and O RVIN, one draftsman : BERNHARD L U N CKE,
Civil Engineer, and one typist. The stereophotogram s taken were attended
to by A lS Kartkontoret Stereografik. The oeeanographie m aterial was
subm itted to Professors FRIDTJOF N A N S E N and BJØRN H ELLAND- H ANSEN
for examination .
1923.
Hoel's Expedition.
The expedition was finaneed by the Govern ment and the N a n sen
Fund . This yea r, too, work was don eon both Bear I sland and Spitsbergen .
O n Bear I sland the following m em bers partieipated : One astron omer :
Dr. H ANS H EN I E ; three topographers : KOLLER, SOLHEIM, a n d LUNCKE ;
and seven assista nts, making a total of 1 1 mem bers.
On Spitsbergen were the following : Three topographers : WEREN­
SKIOLD, who was also geologist, KÅRE GLEDITSC H , Civil Engineer, and
SARTORI US ; fi ve hydrographers : H E RMANSEN, Captain LEIF H AGERUP (in
com mand of the " Farm ") Lieutenant E L I A S KJÆR, Commander R. V. K R O G H ,
and Lieutenant KNUT THORKELSE N , all of the Norwegian Navy. There were
two geologists : O RVIN and H OEL, and one taxiderm ist, ERLING H A N SEN .
Captai n O T T O SVERDRUP accompanied the expedition with a view to study­
ing the question of stationing a Govern ment iee breaker in Svalbard waters.
There were six assistants. Two vessels were at the disposal of the expedi­
tio n , the " Farm " with a good-sized m otor boat and the m otor cutter
"Blomstersæl" of Stavanger, whieh was kindly lent to the expedition by
Bj ørnøen A.S. , the com pany owning Bear Island. During part of the sum mer
the expedition was also permitted to use a . m otor boat belonging to the
Government Fish ery Researeh under the direetion of THOR IVERSEN. The
" Farm " had a crew of 3 1 men and the " Blomstersæl" one of six m e n . I n
addition, there were three offieers in t h e " Farm" a n d two i n t h e " Bl o m ster-
38
ADOLF HOEL
sæl " , who were also serving as hyd rographers. The n u m ber of men
on both vessels was 42, so that the expedition totalled 66 m e m bers.
Topographical mapping on Bear Island included the following
work : The longitude and latitude of a point at the min ing camp of
Tunheim at the north-east corner o f the island were determ ined, as
was also the azimuth o f a triangle side. Starting from the base line
measured i n 1 922 was built up a pri m ary triangle net with 29 points
which h ave been adjusted accord ing to the m ethod o f least squares,
while the other 74 points have been adj usted on the basis of the sum
o f angles in the triangles, and then co-ordinated with the prim ary points.
The datum for the levellings was the mean water level determined
by measurements in 1 922. U sing the stereoph otogra m metric method
was surveyed 9 1 .88 sq. km. on the scale of I : 1 0 000, and using the
tacheometer, 28.24 sq. km. along the coast. Around the mi n ing camp
was surveyed with the tacheometer 0.64 sq. km . on the 1 : 2000 scale.
The magnetie declination was determined at Tunheim and found
to be 3° 5 1 '. 1 ± 8 ' .65.
The Spitsbergen party of the expedition on the M/C " Bl o mstersæl "
worked a few days o n the n orthward j ourney on Bear I sland, according
to instructions from the Ministry of Trade. Reports were subm itted
to the Ministry on the harbour conditions, the investigations of the
coal deposits, and the workings of the m ines.
Topographical work on Spitsbergen. The surveying consisted
chiefly in supplementing previous m easurements in the following areas :
The coast between H orn Sound and South Ca pe, the country inside
Cape Klaveness, the coastal region between Bell Sound and I ce Fjord,
two small valleys between Coles Bay and Bear Valley, the areas
between D e Geer V a l l e y a n d Sassen Valley , a r o u n d Temple Bay,
and on the n orth side of Ice Fj ord. The total area mapped m ay be
estimated at 335 sq. km, inC!uding some measurements made i n 1 9 1 3
and 1 9 1 7.
Observations of the water level were made by reading a tide gauge,
at Bjona H aven and at Skans Bay.
Hydrography. Soundings were m ade especially i n shallow waters
at a num ber of points inside the 20 m. danger line between Cross Bay
and South Cape, and two lines of soundings were m ade between Danes
I sland and Cross Bay. Also St. J ohns Bay was sounded and the
hyd rographic work i n the coastal waters from I ce Fjord southwards
was completed. It may be mentioned that the excellent harbour at
Dun Islands was sounded, that new anchorages were found at l ee Islands,
and across the great shoal to the north was sounded a fairway for
small vessels . At South Cape the large shoal extending 1 0 nautical
m iles from the coast was carefully soun ded , good · anchorages were
found on both sides of South Cape I sland, and a fairway for small
T H E N ORWEGI A N SVALBARD EXPED ITIONS 1906-- 1926
39
vessels was loca ted between South Cape I sland and the mainland. I t
was proved that t h e doubtful shoals recently reported, a n d according to
older maps lying south o f Bear I sland, west of South Cape, at the
m outh o f lee Fjord, and west o f Cape Cold, did not exist. The waters
surrounding the harbour at N y- Å lesun d were sounded for a chart on
the scale of l : 25 000. The area sounded amounts to 2 308 sq. km. and
the length of the 10 and 20 m . danger line is 1 74.5 km.
To mark the seaward approach to Kings Bay two beacons were put
up, one on the northern point of Prince Charles Foreland and the
other on the Brandal Point in Kings Bay. Two beacons were also
put up to facilitate navigation across the Bar i n Foreland Sound,
one o n Point Sars and the other on Point Murray. The beacon on
Cape Linne was repaired .
Oceanographical work. West and n orth of Spitsbergen four sections
with 1 8 stations were taken from the " Farm" and nine single stations
from the " Blomstersæl". One of these stations had a very high n o rthern
l atitude, i ts position being 8 1 " 1 2 ' N. Lat. and 1 7 ° 5' E. Long. Thus the
conditions of the ice were continually very favorable, and causally
connected with these conditions were the very h igh temperatures observed
in the Gulf Stream this year as well as last. Off the west coast of
Spitsbergen the temperature was 6-7 ° , and o ff the north coast as far
n orth as 8 1 ° 1 2 ' N . Lat., it was about 5 0.
Meteorological observations were m ade on the " Farm" during its
e ntire cruise.
Determ in ations of the magnetie declination were made at four stations.
Geological work. The previous geological operations at Kings Bay
eontinued. O RVI N mapped the Kings B ay eoal field o n the 1 : 5 000 scale.
Besides being of great praetical value this wcirk also gave extremely
interesting scientific results, especially with regard to the Tertiary mountain
folding on Spitsbergen. It may be mentioned also that the Devonian
system on B røgger Peninsula was observed for the fi rst time.
As the Kings Bay Coal Co. applied for State support for the
following winter season a report was submitted to the Ministry of Trade.
The measurement of the large geological section at Festningen on
the south side of lee Fj ord, which work was started in 1 9 1 2, was now
fi nish ed. This work completed the detailed measurement of the continuous
sequence fro m U pper Carboniferous to the boundary between Cretaceous
and Tertiary. The total thickness of these strata is 2 590 m. Moreover,
severai geological observations were made i n the country between South
Cape and H orn Sound, on the north side of Ice Fjord , on the north
coast of West Spitsbergen , and on Seven I slands.
Zoological collections. O n Bear Island the taxidermist collected
78 bird skins, besides nests and eggs, also skins and complete skeletons,
and parts of skeletons, of various mam mais ; also 20 bottles of m arine
ADOLF HOEL
40
intervertebrates, some fresh water fis hes, 1 4 bottles of land and fresh
water insects. Among these i nsects one species is new to Spitsbergen.
Finally, the collection also includes I I bottles of bird parasites.
During the winter of 1 923- 1 924 the permanent staff at the office
was as follows : Four topographers : KOLLER, SOLHEIM, SARTORIUS and
LU NCKE ; th ree geologists : HOEL, O RVIN and B RAASTA D , and one
secretary. The stereogrammes were deaIt with by A lS Kartkontoret
Stereograjik.
Fig.
14.
M/C "Blomstersæl".
Hoel phot.
1 923.
It may be mentioned that the Govern ment, at the request of H OEL,
gran ted 8 500 kroner for collecting ship's journals fro m the cruises
o f N orwegi an whaling and sealing vessels in the Arc t ic Ocea n . Such
j ournals, which are very im portant documents pertaining to geographical
d iscoveries and the conditions of the ice in these waters, are likely to
be destroyed or to disappear if not taken good care of. The work was
entru�ted to OTTO SVERDRUP, who assisted by H ERM A N S E N , travelled
along the entire coast of N orway and collected 95 journals from 1 853
to 1 922. Later these were examined by H E RMANSEN who used the data
found in the j ournals for the drawing of charts showing the boundaries
of the ice in those years. This material is o f the greatest i m portance for
the study of the problem s relating to the variations in the extension of the
ice. The j ournals are now preserved i n the Library o f Oslo U niversity.
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1924.
i 906 - 1 926
41
Hoel's Expeditio n .
The expedition was fi n anced by the Govern ment and the N a nsen
Fund: This year work was done both o n Bear I sland and Spitsbergen .
On Bear Island top o graphical and geol ogical work was done, a n d bor­
ings and surface strippings were made i n order to trace the coal-sea ms.
The following staff participated in the work : Topographers : LUNCKE .and
GLEDITSCH , geologists : ORVIN and G . H O R N assisted by H. MA RSTRA N D E R,
Fig.
1 5.
View towards North-west from Ross
1.,
northernmost Island in Svalbard.
H oel phot. 21/S
1 92 3 .
Minin'g Engineer. H. M ERCKOLL, Min ing Engineer, was i n charge o f the
drilling. There were four assistants and five d rillers with four assistant
d rillers. Eight labourers were engaged in stripping. On Spitsbergen
the mem bers of the expedition were : Four topographers : KOLLER,
SOLHEIM, SA RTORIUS, and WERENSKIOLD, the last-mentioned also being
geologist ; three hydrographers : R. v . K ROGH (in command o f the
" Farm"), H E RMAN SEN, a n d THORKELSE N ; two geologists : H OEL and
B RAASTAD ; one assistant geol ogist : G U N N A R AASGAARD, Mining En­
gineer, one paleontologist : OVE HØEG, Curator of the Paleontological
Museu m , Oslo ; one botanist : J OHAN N E S LID, Curator at the Botanical
Museum , Oslo ; and one fil m ph otographer : PAUL B E RGE. There were
1 3 assistants for the shore parties. As in the previous year the
transport " Farm" and the m otor cutter " Blom stersæl" of 8 1 tons gross,
42
ADOLF HOEL
Skipper RICHARD EVENSEN, were at the disposal o f the expedition. The
crew of the " Farm" num bered 29 men, not inc1uding the three offkers,
and the " Blomstersæl" had eight men. Thus the expedition consisted
of 90 men in all.
On Bear Island the following work was done :
Topographical work. O f the remaining area, 3.6 1 sq. k m . along
the coast from Rifle Pt. to Ella Lake were surveyed ph otogra metrically
from sea stati ons on the scale of 1 : 1 0 000, and 40.08 sq. km. chiefly in
the north-western part of the island was surveyed with tacheom eter.
In connection with the map around the m ining camp m ade i n 1 923
on the 1 : 2 000 scale was further surveyed 0.98 sq. km . with the tacheo­
meter. Thus the total area of Bear I sland was mapped o n the scales
1 : 1 0 000 and I : 2 000, in all 1 78.07 sq. k m .
A detailed geological map on the scale of I : 1 0 000 of the coal
deposits was com menced . A num ber o f pits and trenches were dug to
get sections of the coal seams, and boreholes were drilled to obtain
reliable i n form ation about the sequence in the Devonian and Culm for­
m ations. Norsk Diamantborings A l S of Oslo supplied the d rilling outfit.
Three hoIes were drilled, two at Tunheim and one at H aus Lake,
having an aggregate length of 536.86 m. The hole at Haus Lake was
drilled to a depth of 233.92 m, this being the deepest hole on the island.
As the question of a continuation of Govern ment support for
coal mining on Bear I sland again became urgent, a report was sub­
m itted to the Ministry of Trade.
On Spitsbergen the following work was done : The topographical
work consisted in mapping the country around Temple Bay, the outer
part of the peninsula between this fjord and Klaas Billen Bay, and the
country around the latter bay. Also in 1 924 the stereophotogram metric
m ethod o f m apping was used. H owever, this year the expedition
purchased a new type o f field outfit from Ca rl Zeiss. The stereo­
photogram metric maps were all con structed on the scale o f 1 : 50 000
with contour intervals of 50 m . Moreover, a special map of Temple
Mountain was m ade of the scale of 1 : 4 000 with contour intervals of
4 m. in order to iIlustrate the remarkable forms o f erosion seen in this
m ountain. The area m apped amounts to 785 sq. km. Also the coast
line between Cape Boheman and Cape Wærn, and between Cape Wij k
and Cape Thordsen, was revised , and trigonometric observations were
made fro m Olavs Cairn . This year sights were obtained to two points,
Mt. Svanberg and Mt. Backlund, i n the Russian geodetic net on the
east side of Spitsbergen fro m two of our trigonometric points.
Observations of the tide were made o n the west side of Klaas Billen
Bay and at Cape Boheman by SOLHEIM, and at Gips Bay by SARTORIUS.
The hydrographic work consisted i n sounding fol lowing fjords
and waters : Van Keulen Bay where the area sounded a mounts to
T H E N O RW EGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 906- 1 926
43
243 sq. km and the measured danger line is 92 km. long, and Sassen
Bay and Temple Bay where the corresponding figures are 33 1 sq. km .
and 83. 5 k m . I n Foreland Sound a 1 0 m . danger line was traced
between Point Poole and Point H eemskerck on the Foreland side, and
between Quade H oek and St. Johns Bay on the m ainland side, and also
i n the bay at Eidem Glacier north of Farm H aven, while soundings were
made inside the danger line. Some supplementary deep soundings were
also made i n the sound. The area hydrographically surveyed a m ounts
to 4 1 2 sq. km. and the length o f the danger line is 1 7 1 .5 km. I n
Kings Bay work was done a t the head of the fj ord inside Loven I slands,
and also between Cape Guissez and Blomstrand Pen in sula. The area
hydrographically surveyed at this place amounts to 68 sq. km. and the
length o f the danger line is 69.5 km. Some supplementary soundings
were made i n Tundra Bay and at Loweness. The total area o f hydro­
graphic surveys a m ounts to 1 057 sq. k m . and the length of the sounded
d anger line is about 4 1 6.5 k m .
I n order t o facilitate navigation i n Foreland Sound a beacon was
built on Point Poole on the west side of the sound.
Oceanographic work. Observations of the temperature o f the sur­
face water were made at regular intervals from both vessels. Oceano­
graphic sections were made between Bear I sland and South Cape on
Spitsbergen, and o n the west and n orth sides of Spitsbergen. O n e sec­
tion with six stations and two single stations was made by the " Fa rm " ,
and three sections with 1 4 stations and also five single stations by
the " Blom stersæ l ", making 27 stations i n all. This year the northern­
m ost point reached was at 80 ° 1 9 ' N Lat. , 1 2 ° O' E Long. At this point
farther advance was checked by the ice.
Meteorological observations were made regularly on both ships of
the expedition.
Geological work consisted chiefly in m apping o n the scale of l : 50 000
the Tertiary a n d Cretaceous strata south-east of Advent Bay and Advent
Valley, an area of 500 sq. km . Also a considerable m aterial of plant
fossiJs was colJected by H ØEG, on Bear I sland ( Devonian and C ul m ) ,
a n d o n Spitsbergen ( D evonian , Cretaceous and Tertiary) . H e also col­
lected valuable m aterial of Devonian fishes fro m the country between
D ickson Bay and Wij de Bay.
At the request of the Coal Committee of the Department of Trade
the mines and a newly d iscovered coal-seam at Kings Bay were ex­
a m ined, and a report was subm itted on the question of Government sup­
port to the mine for the com ing year. Moving pictures were taken at
all the seven active m ines at Svalbard, showing the state of the m i n ing
industry in the last year i n which the islands were a no-m an's-land.
Botanical work. The vegetation was exam ined by LID, who made
collections on Bear I sland , at Green H a rbour, Cape Boheman, Advent
44
ADOLF HOEL
Bay, Dickson Bay, and Wijde Bay. A large m aterial of Phanerogam s
was collected including two speeies that were n e w t o Spitsbergen,
namely juneus arctic us WILLD. and Erigeron unijlores L . , and also
of l ower plants of which severai speeies were new to the islands.
The material will presently be examined at the Botanical Museu m of
Oslo U niversity. Besides the purely floristie work, severai statistical
examinations were made of the plant com munities accord ing to the
method of H ULT-SER N A N D ER. The temperatures were repeatedly mea-
Fig. 1 6. H. M. S. "Farm" and M/C "Blomstersæl" in Farm Haven.
P . Berge phot. 5/8 1 92 4 .
sured both in the air and in the d i fferent layers o f earth down to the
frozen ground .
During the winter of 1 924- 1 925 the permanent staff o f the ex­
pedition were : Four topographers : KOLLER, SOLHEIM, SA RTORIUS, and
LUNCKE ; four geologists : H OEL, ORVI N , BRAASTA D, and H O R N ; and
two secretaries. The stereophotogra m m etric maps were constructed by
A lS Kartkontoret Stereografik.
1925. Hoel's Exp edition.
The expedition was financed by the Govern ment, and the N a nsen
Fund.
This year work was done o n both Bear I sland and Spitsbergen.
On Bear I sland the fol lowing mem bers were working : One geologist :
T H E N O RWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS 1906- 1 926
45
H O RN, who was also i n charge of the d eep drilling, and one assistant
geologist : H . MARSTRAN D E R . They were aided by two assistants, five dril­
lers, and seven labourers. Th ere were 1 6 men altogether.
The fol l owing mem bers worked on S p itsbergen : Four topographers :
KOLLER, SOLHEIM, SARTO R I US, and LUNCKE ; four hydrographers and
oceanograph ers : H E RMANSEN (in com m a n d o f the expedition ship " Farm"),
THO R K ELSE N , Captain F. SCHULZ, and Lieuten ant P. BREDSDORFF, both
o f the N o rwegian N avy and three geologists : HOE L , ORVI N , and BRAASTAD.
Th ere were 1 4 assistants for the land parties. The expedition's vessel
was the " Farm" with a crew of 28 m e n , not including th ree offlcers
who also served as hydrogra phers. For sounding work there were also
two sea-going motor boats. The expedition totalled 69 men.
The expedition finished its geological work on Bear Island this
sum mer. The areas not previously mapped were surveyed , trench es and
pits were dug for the exa mination of coal-seams, and some drilling was
done. At Vestre Flyvatn a bore was put down and carried to a depth
of 223.5 m . (Outfit fro m Norsk Diamantborings A lS. ) I n 1 924 and 1 925
trench es and pits were dug at 24 places, 600 c. m . of earth and rock
being thus excavated, the pits h aving an aggregate length of 1 20 m . a n d
the adits, 1 5 metres . The aggregate length of the four h o i e s drilled in
1 924 and 1 925 is 760,36 m , wh ich , with previous hoies d rilled i n 1 9 1 6
and 1 9 1 8 for the owners o f the island, give a total length o f all hoies
d rilled in Bear I sland of 1 504.05 m . The lengths of the old hoies north
of Mt. Misery d rilled i n 1 9 1 8, and at H e rwig H aven drilled by a German
expedition 1 9 1 2, are unknown .
T h e result of the geological surve y of Bear I sland sh owed that
there did not exist co:ll-seams of a th ickness and pu rity necessary to
make mining profitable with the low coal prices ruling at the e n d of
1 925. The mine was therefore closed down in Septem ber 1 925.
On Spitsbergen the following work was done :
Topographical work. A base li ne was measured at Braganza Bay.
A large .area north and north-east o f the i nner part of Van Mijen Bay
and Braganza Bay was m apped by photogra m m etric and stereophoto­
gra m metric m ethods, this area including the upper part of Conway Valley
and Advent Valley and reaching as far as Sassen Valley. The area
a m ounted to 1 274 sq. km. Mt. Agardh on the east side of Spitsbergen ,
one of the points in the Russian geodetic net, was fixed by in tersec­
tion from two of our trigon om etrical points.
Tidal observations were made by KOLLER at Sveagruva n at Van
Mijen Bay, by reading a tide gauge.
Hydrographie work consisted in sound ing the following fj ords a n d
bays : Cold B a y o n t h e north side o f V a n Mijen B a y ( 59 s q . k m . ) ,
N o rth Fjord , Ekman Bay, Dickson B a y (total 60 1 sq. km.), and Klaas
Billen Bay ( 2 1 8 sq. k m . ) . Also a 10 m . danger line i n Farm H aven
46
ADOLF HOEL
10°
S P I TS B E R G E N
Scale
77 r-----
����--�--------_+----�---
__
__
__
__
__
__
NO''"'llL
74' '.�
'
19
_
.
5
I
Fig.
17,
BEAR ISLAND
O
I
10
15
to
.
T,.hOim
�
C lJwu!r
l'o,"t.'u W"
'&rufu\l'"
CBull
. H k ....·
E. Gr.
General Map showing the Principal Inland Routes, Shaded Part indicates
Area topographically Surveyed.
al
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBAR D EXPEDITIONS
10·
47
1 906 - 1 926
\5.
S PI TS B E RG E N
Scale
. . '
1
Mt. Back/und
2
Mt. Svanberg
3
Mt. Agardh
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Mt. Kei/hau
4 Mt. Hedgehog
77
F;nnesef
74, ,,�N�
London
Cape Thordsen
Aksel Island
Tunheim, Bear Island
,,'
Goose Haven
C Du:er
Fore/and P/ain
Ny-Ålesund
Hiorthamn
'\)
Co/es Bay
SQulA Cap.e
Recherche Bay
Sør/ia, Bear Island
1
...
•
1-7
8 - Il
12 - 13
I l - 18
Fig.
1 8.
E. Gl',
1 st Order Astro n o m i cal Stations (Laplace stati ons)
1 st
2nd
M a i n Base Lines.
U,Hl
••
Reindeer Peninsula
}
,;
BEAR ISLAND
I.
Tun heim
, 18
tlOT.��
'South\\"
CBull
B.L.
connected with o u r tria ngulation net.
General Map showing Location of Astronomical Stations and Main Base Lines.
48
ADOLF HOEL
was revise d , and some sounding work was done along the Seven I ce Moun­
tains (75 sq. k m . ) . The total length of the 1 0 m . danger line a m ounts to
294 k m . and the total area sounded to 953 sq . k m .
Oceanographic work. Besides t h e usual oceanographic sections west
and north of Spitsbergen a section was also made between Bear I sland
and South Cape, and observations were made from stations in the fj ords
on the west and north coasts. Altogether, ni n e sections were made with
50 stations, besides five single stati ons. The h igh est latitude reached
Fig. 1 9 . Moving Camp
in
the Kjellstr6m Valley.
N.
H eyerd a h l phot. 29/8 1 925.
was 80 ° 54 ' N Lat., 1 2 ° O' E Long. The tem perature at the surface of
the water was read at regular intervals from the " Farm " .
Meteorological observations were made a t regular intervals during
the entire cruise, six times every 24 hours.
Geological work consisted in mapping the pen in sula between Ice
Fj ord and Bell Sound-Van Mijen Bay on the scale o f I : 50 000. An
area of 275 sq. km. on the west coast, chiefly within the H ecla- H oek
formation, was m apped. The principal work was the mapping of the
eastern part o f th i s peninsula where the systems from the U pper Carboni­
ferous to Tertiary occur. Three separate areas were mapped. One is
located between Advent Bay, Advent Valley, Sassen Valley, and I ce
Fj ord , 565 sq. km , the second between Conway Valley and Van Mijen
Bay-Braganza Bay, 350 sq. km, and the third on the south side of
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVALBA R D E X P E D I T I O N S
1906- 1926
49
S PI TS B E R G E N
Scale
F i g . 20.
General Map showing topographically Surveyed A reas, 1 906- 1 925. ( 1 8083 s q .
km.).
4
50
ADOLF HOEL
S PI TS B E RG E N
Scale
Fig. 2 1 . General Map showing Charted Areas,
1 909- 1 925.
( 1 6 1 96.68 sq. km.).
T H E N O R W E G I A N S V A L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1906- 1 926
51
80·
7ff
7ff
•
76·
,
,
,
,
,
b
\
\
71
/cI
/
/
/
/
Fig. 22.
G e n e ral Map showing Position of M a i n Oc ean ograp h i c Secti ons.
71
52
ADOLF HOEL
Braganza Bay and Van Mijen Bay east o f Point Conwentz, 1 1 0 sq. km.
The total geologically m a pped area thus am ounts to 1 300 sq. k m .
A t t h e request of t h e Ministry of Trade the mines and works
at Kings Bay were examined, and reports subm itted on the question of
Govern ment support for the continued operation of these mines.
The permanent sta ff o f the expedition at the office d uring the
winter o f 1 925- 1 926 included the same 10 mem bers as in the p revious
year. The stereophotogram metric maps w ere constructed by SA RTO RIUS
on the stereoautograph belonging to A i S Kartkontoret Stereografik,
and hired by the expedition.
1926.
H o el's Expedition.
At the request of Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani A lS, Oslo,
geological surveying was done this summer on the fields o f the com­
pany by ORVIN and HORN and their two assistants. I n order to make
possible scientific investigations i n connection with this work, the N ansen
Fund contributed some money to the expedition. The members o f the
expedition travelled to and from Spitsbergen in colliers. Their work
consisted chiefly in investigations of the structural geology of certain
areas. A num ber of remarkable springs were also examined. The results
obtained were also of great value from a scientific point of view.
During the winter of 1 926- 1 927 the permanent sta ff at the office
was the same as during the two foregoing years.
In the Svalbard Treaty of Febr. 9, 1 920 it is provided that the
complicated claim questions and disputes between the occu pants should
be examined by a com m issioner of Danish nationality. In 1 925 Professor
Dr. K RISTIAN S I N D BALLE o f Copenhagen U niversity was nominated
com missioner by the Danish Govern ment, and in June 1 926 he charged
our office with the task of working out maps of the various properties,
proposing the fi n al boundaries between the properties, and preparing
the boundary descriptions. Fortu nately, we were in possession of m aps
and material for this work, as well as topograph ers and geologists well
acquainted with the localities. Our office was engaged with this task
till September 1 927, when the report of the Svalbard Comm issioner
was published.
In the summer of 1 927 no field work was done i n Svalbard.
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
53
It will appear from the statements given i n the p receding pages that
a very comprehensive progra m m e of m apping and geological work was
gone th rough in Svalbard in the period from 1 922 to 1 925. The l atter
year marked an interruption in the continuous series of expeditions,
none being sent to Svalbard by the N orwegian G overn ment in 1 926
and 1 927. The reasons for this temporary i nterruption in field work will
appear from the following statements.
The sovereignty over Svalbard was assigned to N o rway by a treaty
sign ed in Paris on the 9th of February t 920, providing, inter aUa, that
all disputes relative to property on the islands should be adj usted in
a manner prescribed in the treaty. For that reason it was essential for
the N orwegian Government to provide the best m aterial possible i n
order to facilitate t h e decision of these disputes. Furthermore, the N or­
wegian Government had actively supported the N o rwegian coal com­
panies in Svalbard, and extensive topographical and geological surveys
were carried out by our expeditions on the properties o f the companies
supported by the State, in view of the economic interests o f the latter
i n these companies.
Finally, it was of i m portance to h ave the coastal waters surveyed
so as to obtain reliable charts for the benefit of the increasing num ber
of vessels carrying coal from the islands.
The arbitrators to whom the task o f settling property disputes
was entrusted, were appointed in 1 925, and all reported claims were
then submitted to them for consideration. Fortunately, at this tim e
t h e material necessary for t h e decision of these disputes w a s available
through the work of the expeditions. For practical reasons, therefore,
the immediate continuation of these expeditions was not imperative,
and it was also absolutely necessary for the mem bers o f the expedi­
tions to devote some time to the handling of the tremendous a m ount
o f m aterial that had been collected, and o f which very Iittle had been
thoroughly studied .
Severai circumstances had contributed to this accumulation of un­
studied m aterial. I n the fi rst place, the forced field work occupied
(including the preparations ) almost half of the year. Also lack o f funds
hindered the working out and · publication of the results.
The unsettled con ditions during the Great War hampered inter­
national intercourse and seriously delayed the examination of the large
collections of fossils which had been submitted to a num ber of foreign
specialists.
H owever, in the spring of 1 927 funds were secured for continued
work on this material, the Storting, on the application of Mr. H OEL,
allocating 250 000 Kr. for this work fro m the profits of the State Lottery
( Pengelotteriet ) . This money, distributed over a period of five years ,
was to be devoted to the study of th e m aterial and to the pr in ting of
papers and maps.
54
ADOLF HOEL
Summary o f Topographical Surveying.
The mapping of Svalbard has been carried out in a somewhat dif­
ferent way fro m the mapping of countries with established topographical
surveys. In Svalbard it was always necessary to select a certain area
which had to be surveyed during one or two seasons, as grants were
n ever given for m ore than one or two sum mers' work at a tim e .
For this reason our surveys had t o b e done i n such a way that after a
base line had been measured, triangulation and filling in of topographi­
cal details were done at the same time. H ence the computation of the
triangles was carried out in reference to l ocal co-ordinate systems. As
these systems were not very exten sive, and a sm all area of the earth
can be treated as a piane , one had then the advantage o f being able to
work out the triangles quickly and cheaply by the methods of plane
trigonometry.
Gradually these local system s have be en connected , and linked u p
with t h e Swedish-Russian Arc-of-Meridian system on t h e east coast of
Spitsbergen, and some few astro n o m ical stations on the west coast
( Fig. 1 8) , enabling us to transform them to a com mon system . As this
system must necessarily extend over a large area, the com putations
cannot be done without taking into account the curvature of earth. For
the com mon system a conformal cylind rical projection with axis i n the
meridian 1 5 E. o f Gr, has been used . The i sland of West-Spitsbergen
has been referred to this axis, whereas the eastern islands wil be refer­
red to another axis.
I n the geodetic com putations the values for the I nternational El­
l ipsoid adopted by the Congress in Madrid ( 1 924) have been applied .
Topographical surveying in Svalbard falls n aturally into four periods :
1 906- 1 90 7. During these years a considerable part of the north­
west corner of Spitsbergen was m apped . The survey methods em ployed
were triangulation with theod olite fro m base lines measured with steel
tape (tension estimated) . As triangle points were used cairn s, but also
mountains with pointed su mmits. As datum point for the elevations
estimated mean high water leve! ( h igh water-m ark) was used. The
topographical detaiIs were fi lled in partly with plane table surveying,
but chiefly with photogra m m etry accord ing to the method o f G. DE
GEER (without photo-theodolite). I n 1 907 ph otogra m metric sea stations
were used by the expeditions for the fi rst time. The astronom ical data
for the orientation of the map were taken from PRINCE ALBERT OF
MONACO'S map of Red Bay, surveyed in 1 899. Further, th e azimuth
of a triangle side on the east side of Cross Bay was determined by
G. I SACHSEN in 1 907.
1 909- 1 9 1 0 . The survey of the n orth-west corner o f Spitsbergen
was continued with improved m ethods, as the triangulation was fo unded
o
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
55
up on base lines accurately measured with an I nvar tape ( ten si on
applied : 10 kgs ) . As triangle poims on ly cairns and other built signals
were used. The experience from the years 1 906- 1 907 showed that
plane table surveying was not suitable, and this m ethod was there­
fore abandoned. The photogram m etric surveying was continued with
a n improved method, introducing a p hoto-theodolite. In 1 909 direct
"depression" measurements for the filling in of coast-lines were a pplied
for the fi rst ti me. Astronomical observations for the determination of
the n ecessary geographical data for the maps were carried out by
means of sex tant and theodolite.
1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 9. During these years the topographical surveying was
proceeded with on the peninsula between I cefjord and Van Mij e n Bay,
and a stri p along the coast, 25 km. b road, from Bell Sound to South
Cape, applying the same methods, with the addition of tacheometry, as
used in the years 1 909- 1 9 1 0, but with a higher degree of accuracy.
Regular water leve! observations was started in 1 9 1 6. In these
years various auxiliary appliances for p hotogram metric constructio n were
introduced, m aking this work m uch m ore quick and accurate.
1 920- 1 925. The same surveying methods as used before were
applied with the addition of stereo-photogrammetry. Theodolites of a
larger type were o btained. The theodolites previously used for the
triangulation work had readings to Og. O l , but for the m ain triangulation
a fter 1 923 was exclusively used a larger type o f theodolite with trom­
mel-reading to Og.OO I . Systematic water leve l observations were carried
out in severai fj ords. I n 1 923 a fi rst order astronomical point was fixed
on Bear I sland, and the Geographical Survey of N orway determined
i n 1 920 and 1 922 at our request a Laplace point at Green H arbour.
Our Spitsbergen maps are based on seven base lines accurately
measured. From the general map on page 47 it will be seen where these
lines are situated. All points are referred to a common co-ordinate system ,
whose X-axis i s 1 5 ° long. E . o f Gr. and Y-axis i s the 76 ° paralleI. We
have sueeeeded i n getti ng trigon o m e trical eonneetion with five of the p oi n ts
of the Russian Arc of Meridian Survey on the east side o f Spitsbergen,
and with five astronomical and Laplace points of 1 st order on the west
side of Spitsbergen. In 1 9 1 9 it beeame possible to m ake a comparison
with the triangle side Mt. H edgeh og-Mt . Keilhau of the Russian Are
of Meridian Survey, which side h ad been included in our triangulation
net. The sides agree with an aceuracy of 1 : 20 000 o f the lengt h . About
the same degree of accuracy has been obtained between the lengths of
the eommon triangle sides of our own triangulation nets.
The topographical surveying in the period 1 920- 1 925 eovered the
inner part o f the pen insula between I cefj ord and Van Mijen Bay, and
the region aroun d Van Mijen Bay, Van Keulen Bay, Sassen Bay, and
Klaas Billen Bay.
56
ADOLF HOEL
T h e Expeditions and Government Departments.
As al ready mentioned, the expeditions were originally of an entirely
private charaeter. The fi rst two, in 1 906 and 1 907, were fitted out and
the expenses defrayed by PRINCE ALBERT I OF MONACO, and the cost
of the third expedition i n 1 908, was covered by Oslo University and
private subscri bers. It was not until 1 909 that the N o rwegian Govern ment
started to give its support, partly in the form of grants and also by
placing at the disposal o f the expeditions one of the vessels of the
N orwegian N avy through the Ministry o f Defence. Up to and incIuding
1 92 1 these Government contributions were advanced th rough the Ministry
of Church A ffairs and Education . I n 1 9 1 8 a grant was also received
th rough the Ministry of Agriculture for the purpose of i nvestigating
the phosphorite deposits i n Spitsbergen , as the lack of phosphatic
fertilisers during the War had become serious . From 1 922 the
grants were received through the Ministry o f Trade. H owever, both
i n 1 922 and 1 923 grants for working out the collected m aterial and
publishing the results were also received th rough the Ministry of
Church A ffairs.
The reason for the transfer of the a ffairs of the expeditions to the
Ministry of Trade was, i n the fi rst instance, that the expeditions had
grad ually more and m ore taken up tasks of a practical nature in con­
nection with the coal and m ineral deposits o f Svalbard. This work
consisted partly in preparing large scale maps, also geological , and
partly in investigations o f the deposits through deep drilling and exca­
vations. As m ining m atters come within the province of the Minis try
of Trade, it was reasonable that our expeditions also came under this
Ministry.
Expedition C ommittees.
At the request of Captain STA X R U D and the auth or, the Norwegian
Geographical Society appointed i n 1 9 1 1 a com m i ttee to deal with the
a ffairs o f the expeditions. I t consisted of Messrs. Di rector H ELGE ALME,
Prof. Dr. J O H A N KlÆR, and Captain K . S. KLINGENBERG. The task of
this comm ittee was chiefly to deal with the accounts o f the expeditions.
Mr. ALME acted as their accountant fro m 1 9 1 1 to 1 9 1 7, and Prof. KlÆR
and Captain KLINGEN BERG gave their opinion upon various questions
concern ing the plans and work of the expeditions. The com m ittee was
i n operation until 1 9 1 7.
I n 1 9 1 8 the Ministry o f Church A ffairs and Education appointed
a comm ittee to act as advisers to the min istry on all Spitsbergen mat­
ters. The m e m bers were : Prof. JOHAN KlÆR, Mr. CARL LU N D H , Ba rrister,
and chairman o f the board of directors of Sto re Norske Spitsbergen
THE N ORWEGIAN SVALBARD E X PEDITI O N S
1 906- 1 926
57
Kulkompani A/S, Colonel N. j. S EJ E RSTED, Director of the Geographical
Survey (chairman) . After the death of Colonel SEJERST E D, the new d irector
of the survey, Maj or K. S. K L I N GEN BERG, was appointed a m e m be r and
also succeeded Colonel S EJERSTED as chairman.
I n 1 920 Messrs. W. C. BR0GGE R , J OHAN KlÆR, V. M. GOLDSCHMI DT,
and J ACOB SCH ETELIG, professors at Oslo U niversity submitted , at
m y suggestio n , to the Ministry of Church A ffairs and Educatio n an
application fo r a grant of 20000 Kr. yearly for working out and publish­
ing the results of the Norwegian Svalbard expeditions. For this pur­
pose 1 7000 Kr. was voted that year, and the Ministry deputed the Spits­
bergen Committee of 1 9 1 8 to manage the funds and supervise the
editing of the publication series with the author as editor. The name
adopted for the series was " Resultater av de norske statsunderstøttede
S pitsbergenekspeditioner" . Through the com mittee was also obtained a
grant in 1 922 and 1 923 for publishing the results of the expeditions.
After the issue of N o . 1 2 of the series in 1 927, the committee ceased
to deal with the publications, because all the work concerning the ex­
ploration of Svalbard and the publication of the resul ts of the expeditions
waS transferred to a state institution , Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs­
undersøkelser (see page 60).
The third com mittee was the Spitsbergen Coal Committee, appointed
by the Min istry of Trade i n 1 9 1 9. It consisted of Messrs. Hj . BATT,
Director of the I ndustry O ffice in th e Ministry of Tra de, A. K. H ILLE­
STAD, U nder-Secretary of State i n the Ministry of Trade, B . STUEVOLD­
HANSEN Barrister, Director- General o f the Watercourse and Elec­
tricity Service, and formerly Secretary of State. The latter also acted
as chairman of the com mittee. As secretary was appointed Mr. LUDV.
FOLTMAR of the Ministry of Trade. The com mittee sat until 1 926. Its
task was to p repare for the Ministry all Svalbard m atters handled by
this office. When the expeditions were transferred in 1 922 to th e
Ministry of Trade, the Coal Com mittee also came to deal with the grants
for the exploration of Svalbard, which i n this period were very con­
siderable.
,
Co-operatio n b etween
the
Svalbard
Expeditions
and Government
Institutions dealing with the same Kind of Work in Norway.
As it was naturally quite i m possible for our institution to e m ploy
experts i n every branch of its work, it has always co-operated with
institutions doing similar work in N o rway.
The Geographical Survey of Norway has at our request carried
out the determination of latitud e and longitude o f a point in G reen
Harbour, and fi xed the azimuth of a triangle side there ( 1 920 and
1 922). The geodesians of the survey have made a series of geodetie
58
ADOLF HOEL
and trigonom etric co m putations for us, and the survey has also assisted
in publishing our maps, which are printed by th e Survey Office p ress.
The Hydrographic Office of the Geographical Survey has lent us instru­
ments and outfit necessary for hyd rographic work. The Geograph ical
Survey has also lent instruments to the expedition, and the Survey has
compared our measuring-tapes and invar-wire.
The Technical High School of Norway has lent instruments to the
expeditions.
The Navigation Department of the Navy ("Marinens N avigasj ons­
vesen") has placed at our disposal various instru ments for navigation
and hydrographic work.
The Oslo Navigation School has lent the expedition various in­
stru ments.
Determ inations of the magnetic variation have been carried out
with an instrument borrowed fro m the University A stronomical
Observatory ; this in stitute has also lent us a theodolite. The plans for
the magnetic investigations have been worked out in co-operation with
the University Physical Institute ; the University Geographical Institute
has lent us a theodolite. The ocean ographic work has been planned by
Professor B. H ELLAND- H A N SE N of the Geophysical Institute of Bergen,
and Professor N A N S E N , who are also working out the results. The
institute i n Bergen and Prof. N ANSEN have also placed oceanographic
instrum ents at our disposal. The m eteorological work has been planned by
the Geophysical Institute of Tromsø, and the working out of the results
wil l be done by th is institute, which has moreover, along with the Me­
teorological Institute in Oslo, furn ished us with the necessary instruments.
Professor KlÆR has ad vised the expediti ons on geological m atters,
and the working out of the resuIts has been done i n co-operation with
Prof. KlÆR and th e other professors of the Geological institutions of
Oslo University, and has been carried out by our own scientists as weIl as
by foreign special ists. The geol ogical and paleontological coIlections have
been presented to the Geological Museu m of Oslo U n iversity. Following
in structi ons by Prof. K . O . BJ0RLYKKE of the Agricultural High School
of Norway, the geologists of the expeditions have coIl ected soil-profiles
fro m various places in Svalbard and these have been examined at
the Geological I n stitute of the H igh School.
T h e Government Raw Materials Comm ittee ( " Statens raastoff­
komite") , through Prof. V. M . GOLDSC H M I DT, has carried out various
analytical tests o f material coIl ected by the exped itions. Analytical work
has also been done by Dr. J . GRAM, leader o f the State Railway
Chemical Laboratory. The Pharmacological Institute of Oslo U n iversity
has made analysis o f water from various mineral springs, a n d Prof.
ELLEN GLEDITSCH of the University Chemical Laboratory has deter­
m ined the radio-activity o f the waters.
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
59
The botanical and zoological collections have been given to the
Botan ical and Zoological Museums of Oslo University, and the working
out of the material will be carried out by the scientists attached to these
institutions.
Offices and Rooms of the Expeditions.
From 1 906 to 1 9 1 5 our institution rented room s in various pa rts of
Oslo and in the district of Brandbu. As early as 1 908 the Mineralo­
gical I nstitute of Oslo U niversity gave us room s in the main b uilding
o f the U n iversity, and from 1 9 1 5, when the mineralogical collections
were m oved to the new building at Tøyen , we obtained m ore accomo­
d ation and the whole office was installed in the University main building.
In 1 922, when the work h ad greatly increased, another room was
obtained i n the building of the H istorical Museum of the U n iversity.
In 1 926 the office was moved to 34 Bygdø Alle, Oslo, a Govern ment
building, and h ere we have 1 60 square m etres of fl oor space.
Our collections and outfit h ave been stored at the Academy of
Science, 78 D ra m mensveien, part of it also at the Geological Museu m .
I n 1 928 w e obtained through t h e Ministry of Finance and Customs
250 square m etres of floor space and two work and office room s i n
the n e w building o f the Railway Custom H ouse, 1 4 Tomtebryggen , Oslo
a n d our collections will in future be kept there.
Future Norwe g ian Exploration o f Svalbard and Polar Re g ions.
On Aug. 1 4, 1 925 N orway took over the sovereignty of Svalbard
and it then beca me all the more necessary to place the exploratory
work on a m ore permanent footing. It should be borne in m i n d that
n o other country h as anything like such great econom ic interests (h unting
and fishing) i n the Polar regions as N orway, both absolutely and relatively
speaking, a n d t h i s country h a s t h erefore e v e ry reason to take up p o l a r
exploration work also in areas outside Svalbard. The author conse­
q uently subm itted in October 1 925 and February 1 927 a proposal
to the Ministry of Trade for the organisation of the exploration of
Svalbard and the Polar regions. The proposal, recommended by a
n u m ber of persons and i nstitutions, aimed at the establishment o f a
state institution for the exploration o f Svalbard and the Polar regions,
similar to t hose i n other countries with Arctic interests . U nder the
new institution, co-operating with allied bodies i n N o rway, were to be
placed all Norwegian topographical and hydrographie work and the scientific
exploration o f Svalbard and other Arctic regions, the institution thus
becoming a central point for this kind of work, with its own series of
publications.
60
ADOLF HOEL
Further, a " Svalbard and Polar Council" was to be set u p, with
members appointed by the Ministry of Trade on the recom m endation
of the following bodies : Geographieal Survey of N orway, the H yd ro­
graphic O ffice of the Geographical Survey, Geological Survey, Geophy­
sieal Committee , Oslo University, Bergen Museum , Technical H igh
Sch ool, Agricultural H igh School, the Scientific Comm ittee in Tromsø,
the Fishery Board , and the Geograph ieal Society. The council was
to act as an advisory committee for the Govern ment on all questions
concerning polar exploration. The proposal was in the main approved
o f by the Govern ment, and in J anuary 1 928 a bill was i ntroduced
through the Ministry of Trade for the establishment of an institution
for the expl oration o f Svalbard and th e Arctic regions, and for the
appointment of the mentioned counci l . The bill was dealt with by the
" U n iversity and Special School Comm ittee" o f the Storting, and i n its
report the com mittee essentially followed the bill and recom mended
the foundation of an institution for the Exploration of Svalbard and
the Polar regions. On March 7, 1 928 the bill was passed unanimously
by the Storting.
I n J uly 1 927 it was agreed by the Storting that 250 000 Kr.
o f the surplus o f the State Lottery for the period 1 928� 1 932 should
be reserved for the working up and publishing of the results of the
Svalbard expeditions ; it was decided later that the n ew institution, wh ich
was given the name of " Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser"
( N orwegian Exploration of Svalbard and the Polar Regions), should
have the disposal of this m oney. I ts publication series was called
" Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet" ( Publications on Svalbard and the
Arctic Sea) . This series is a continuation of " Resultater av de norske
statsunderstøttede Spitsbergenekspeditioner" ( Results of the S tate-suppor­
ted Norw. Spitsbergen Expeditions) . O f the series, 24 n umbers h ave been
issued (Aug. 1 929) . From 1 929 another series, "Meddelelser" (Com­
m unications), is being published by th is in stitution, and is meant to
contain smaller papers, and those of a more popular character. So far
six num bers have been issued .
As already pointed out, the sovereignty of Svalbard was assigned
to Norway by a treaty sign ed in Paris in 1 920. According to this treaty,
su bj ects of all powers who have recognised N o rwegian sovereignty
shall enj oy the same righ ts as N orwegian subj ects and h ave the righ t
to carry out exploration work on the islands. I t was to be anticipated
that th is right would be availed of to a great extent. In order to bri n g
about s o m e measure of organisation in t h i s exploration work, and en­
sure a certain amount of co-operation between the various expeditions,
the Norwegian Government has sent to the Foreign Powers th e foll owing
memorandum :
T H E N O RW E G I A N S V A L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
61
The Norwegian Government's Memorandum
to Foreign Powers.
The Norwegian Govern ment has established a central institution
under the Ministry of Trade for the exploration of Svalbard and Polar
regions. This institution, the name o f which is Norges Svalbard- og
Ishavs-undersøkelser ( N orwegian Scientific Exploration of Svalbard and
Polar Regions ) , 34 Bygdø Alle, Oslo, em braces , inter alia, all official sur­
vey and geological work, and oth er natural-;historical and geophysical
exploration i n Svalbard , also the survey o f adjacent waters. This does
not, h owever, include meteorological observations, which remain under
the Meteorological I n stitute in Oslo, o r special fisheries researc h , which
is attached to the Fisheries Board at Bergen .
I n order to ach ieve the best possible results i n the scientific explo­
ration of Svalbard it is essential that all expeditions intending to carry
on such work in those islands give n otification thereof to the N orwe­
gian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and, in addition, send in particulars
respecting the expedition to Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser.
These particulars should com prise a statement of plans - also of the
scientific work to be undertaken - the territory to be covered, equipment,
vessel , provisi ons, and personneI . The Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-under­
søkelser will then con sider such plans. I t will ascertain wheth e r the
work contemplated has already be en wholly or partly done, and whe­
ther there should ch ance to be other expeditions already operating in
the same tracts or contemplating doing so. This institution will, on re­
quest, supply information about literature and maps bearing upon the work
contemplated, about scientific material in course of preparation and the
m aking of maps that m ay be of va lue to the expedition ; it can also gi ve
practical hints reiating to n atural conditions and equipment. In addi­
tion, this institution will be able to give advice as to the particula r Nor­
wegian port at which the expedition should call for equipment control
(see below) , and furnish any other information required about sailings
to Svalbard and of the possibility of procuring housing accomm odation
for the members of the expedition at the settlements i n the islands. I t
i s also the d uty o f the Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser to
give expeditions the necessary information relating to such N orwegian
laws and regulations, e. g., close time provisions, as expeditions may be
brought into contact wit h .
T h e services thus rendered other expeditions b y this institutio n are
to be entirely free of charge, providing expeditions do not require
reports of a nature in volving a considerable amount of work or
extra outlay. I f, however, the institution is to fill its position efficiently
as an inquiry office for Svalbard, the expeditions, on their part, must
i m mediately on their return home submit a preliminary report on the
62
ADOLF HOEL
work done and the results ach ieved. Further, they m ust send in two
copies of all papers , books, and m a ps that may be published as a result
o f their work .
With a view to getting out of the state of ch aos that has prevailed
so long in rega rd to geograph ical names in Svalbard , the N o rwegian
Govern m ent has initiated a com prehensive plan for the final deter­
m ination of names for each locality. This work will be com pleted in
about a year's ti me. To avoid further con fusion in this direction each
expedition desiri ng to give new geograph ical names m ust submit its pro­
posals to the Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs- undersøkelser (foreign expe­
ditions must send their proposals th rough the N orwegian Ministry of
Foreign A ffairs). This institution will consider such proposaJs and sub­
mit a reco m mendation. The final decision lies with the competent N or­
wegian authority.
Further, attention is called to the fact that, by Act of August 6,
1 9 1 5 (see also O rders i n Council of Dec. 1 5, 1 9 1 7, Sept. 3, 1 920, and
Jan. 1 7 , 1 928) , the equipment and provisioning of N o rwegian expediti­
ons to Arctic regi ons is subject to official control . This act primarily
concerns hunting expeditions, but applies also to expeditions fitted out
at Norwegian ports for purposes other than h unting when they state,
or there is cause to believe, that they intend to spend part or the whole
of the winter in those regions. It moreover em braces expeditions m ade
under such conditions as may necessitate wintering even though this
may not be intended . Then again, the provisions of this act are appli­
cable to foreign exped itions engaging as m embers N orwegian subjects
in Norwegian ports , when it is stated , or there is cause to believe, that
such expeditions have the intention of wintering o r are proceeding to
such tracts or such conditions as may necessitate wintering.
Expeditions must be notified to the Politimester (Superintendent
of Pol ice) at th e port w here they are fi tted out ; but in respect of
foreign expeditions such notification may be given th rough Norges
Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser, in which event the N o rwegian port
from wh ich the expedition intends to sail must be state d . Control
is exercised by a com m ittee com prising a govern ment ship surveyor
and a second m ember with experience o f wintering conditions in Arctic
regions ; the latter shall be nominated by the president of the court.
It has been found necessary to exercise such control as this act
establishes, for it happens not i n frequently that expeditions and persons
proceeding to Svalbard are so poorly equipped that they get i nto diffi­
culties. I f such an expedition is in distress some of its mem bers may
reach one of the settlements where there is a telegraph office and
report that the remaining members are in peril and require i m m ediate
help. Should some time elapse without any news coming in about an
expedition , demands for a search will very soon be heard . In such
TH E N O RWEGIAN SVALBAR D EXPEDlTIONS
1 906- 1 926
63
instances the Norwegian Govern ment has had to send out or cause to
be sent out relief expeditions. Also out of consideration for the coal­
mining companies in Sval bard the control of touring, hunting, and scien­
tific expeditions is a necessity. I t has happened that expeditions have
arrived at Svalbard so deficiently fitted out that they h ave become a
bUl"den on the nearest mining community from the very first mo m ent,
and it is not always an easy matter for these m ining companies to
a fford adequate help. In the summer months it does not matter so
much , but it i s a far more serious problem for these com panies when
mem bers of some expedition or other that is in a h elpless plight sud­
denly put in an appearance in mid-winter and have to be furnished
with shelter, food , and medical aid, in addition to wh ich an attempt may
have to be made to send relief to those in distress .
As already mentioned, meteorological work in Svalbard is in charge
of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. The N o rwegian Govern­
ment has established two meteorological stations in Svalbard, one being
at Tunheim o n Bear I sland and the other at Ankersham n , Green H ar­
bour. The N orwegian Meteorological I nstitute will , on request, gi ve
scientific expeditions wishing to work in Sval bard all necessary i n for­
mation respecting clim atic conditions and the meteorological work
done there.
Further, it may be pointed out that Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs"
undersøkelser publishes Skrifter om Svalbard og I Ishavet giving an
account of all scientific results published in Norway from those regions.
Foreigners will also be given the opportun it y of h aving their pa pers
printed in th is publication series, on condition that they defray the cost
of printing.
APPENDIX
Members and Collaborators of the · Norwegian Svalbard
Expeditions, 1906-1926.
The following list contains the names and professions of those
who have been on the sta ff of any of the expeditions since 1 906, and
also of those who have collaborated in the examination of the m aterial
without actually being on the sta ff. Each person 's year of birth (also
year of death, if deceased) and years of participation in the expeditions
a re given .
Norwegian.
AASGAARD, GUNNAR, b. 1 888, Mining Engineer. Assistant geologist 1 924.
ALEXAN DER, ANTO N , b. 1 870, H ead-Master of the Lillehammer School.
Computation of astronomical observations.
64
ADOLF HOEL
BARLAG, Captain THORLEIF, N orwegian Army, b. 1 879, Topographer,
Geographical Survey o f N orway. Preparation of maps.
BERGE, PAUL, b. 1 89 1 , Photographer. Cinem atographic operator 1 924.
BjØRLYKKE, K N UT OLAI, b. 1 860, Ph. D., Professor of geology at the
Agricultural H igh Sch ool of N o rway. Examination of soil profiles.
BjØRSET, Captain EYVI N D SOLBERG, N orwegian N avy, b . 1 866, Chief
of the H ydrographic Office of the Geographical Survey of N orway.
Preparation of ch arts.
BLEKUM, SVERRE, b. 1 886, Mining Engineer. Geologist 1 922.
B RAASTAD , J O H A N , b. 1 888, D r. I n g., Mining Engineer, N o rges SvaIbard­
og I sh avs-u n dersøkelser Geologist. 1 9 1 4, 1 9 1 6, 1 9 1 8, 1 924, 1 925.
B REDSDORFF, Captain MORTEN PETER, N orwegian N avy, b. 1 888. H y­
drographer 1 925.
BRYN, N ILS, b. 1 854, d. 1 9 1 6, Physician and Botanist. Examination of
botan ical m aterial (mosses).
BØHMER, Captain ALF, N o rwegian N avy, b . 1 878, Hydrographer, H ydro­
graphic O ffice of N orway. Preparation of charts.
CH RISTENSEN , H AAKEN, b. 1 886, Civil Engineer, see " Kartkontoret Ste­
reogra fik AlS", Oslo.
DAHL, Captain C H RISTI AN, Norwegian N avy, b. 1 878, d . 1 9 1 8, Hydro­
grapher, H ydrographic Office of Norway. Preparation of ch arts.
DAHL, J OHAN J A KOB, Civil Engineer, -b . 1 872, Director o f I ng. Dahls
Opmåling, Oslo. Consultant on geodetic a n d topographical matters.
DEVIK, OLAF MARTI N , b. 1 886, Lecturer in p h ysics, Tech nical H igh
School of N orway. Oceanographer 1 922.
D IESET, H A N N A , see Resvoll- H olmsen.
ELLINGSEN, j A KOB, b . 1 886, Mining Engineer. Assistant geologist 1 9 1 2, 1 9 1 3.
EVENSEN, RICHARD, b . 1 88 1 , S k i p p e r of M/C " Bl o m sters æ l " 1 924.
F O RST, CARL ARMI N , b. 1 897, Civil Engineer, see " Kartkontoret Stereogra fik AlS", Oslo.
FØN HUS, MI KKjEL, b. 1 894, Author. Expedition 1 92 1 .
GJERTSEN, Captain HJALMAR FREDRIK, N orwegian N avy, b . 1 885. H y­
drographer 1 920, 1 92 1 .
GLEDITSCH, ELLEN , b. 1 879, D . Sc. , Professor of chemistry at Oslo
U niversity. Chemical in vestigations.
GLEDITSCH, Lieutenant- Colonel K RISTEN G R A N , b. 1 867, Chief of the
Topographical Office of the Geographical Survey of Norway. Prepa­
ration of maps.
GLEDITSCH, KÅRE STE N ERSE N , b. 1 900, d. 1 927, Civil Engineer. Topo­
grapher 1 923, 1 924.
GLØERSEN, JØRGEN, b. 1 895, Civil Engineer. Topographer 1 9 1 8.
GOLDSCHMIDT, VICTOR MORITZ, b. 1 888, Ph. D . , Professor of m i neralogy
at Oslo University. Examination of petrographical material.
T H E N ORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
65
1 906- 1926
GRAARUD, AAGE, b. 1 86 1 , Meteorologist at the Meteorological I nstitute,
Oslo. Preparation o f meteorological m aterial.
G RAM, J O HAN FREDRIK, b . 1 868, Ph. D., Leader of the State Railway
Chemical Laboratory. Chemical analyses and investigations.
G R INAKER, Captain PEDER ANTON, Norwegian Army, b. 1 883, Geodesian ,
Geographical Survey o f Norway. Geodetic computations.
GUDMU N DSEN , GUSTAV ALFRED, b. 1 887, Skipper of MIC " Ringsæl " 1 922.
H AAVIMB, KARL J ACOB, b. 1 884, Civil Engineer. Topographer 1 9 1 0.
H AGEN, I N GE B RIGT, b. 1 852, d . 1 9 1 7, Physician, Botanist. Examination
of botanical m aterial.
H AGERUP, J O H A N , b. 1 846, d . 1 9 1 8, Skipper of MI C " Bellsund" 1 9 1 1 .
H AGERUP, Captain LEIF SARI N I U S THORALF, N orwegian N avy, b. 1 880.
Captain of H . M. S. " Farm" and H ydrographer 1 923.
H AN S E N , ERLING, b. 1 90 1 , Taxiderm ist at the Zoological Museum o f
O s l o University. Zoological collector 1 923.
H EINTZ, ANATOL, b. 1 898, Assistant at the Paleontological Museum o f
Oslo University. Examination of fish fossils.
H ELLA N D- HANSEN, BJØ R N , b. 1 877, Professor of oceanography at Ber­
gens Museu m . Preparation of oceanograph ical material.
H EN D RIKSEN , 0., b. 1 886, Civil Engineer. Construction of maps.
H EN IE , H ANS, b. 1 887, Ph. D., Lecturer at Trondhjem Cathedral Sch ool.
Astronomer 1 923.
H E RMANSEN, Captain ANDREAS KRISTIAN J OHAN ENCKE, Norwegian N avy,
b. 1 876. Captain of H. M. S. " Farm " and Hydrographer 1 909, 1 9 1 0,
1 9 1 9, 1 920, 1 92 1 , 1 925, H ydrographer 1 923, 1 924,
H ERTZBERG, Captain H AN S KNAGENHJELM, Norwegian Army, b. 1 882,
Topographer, Geographical Survey of N orway. Preparation o f maps.
H OEL, ADOLF, b. 1 879, Lecturer i n geology at Oslo U niversity. Leader
of N orges Svalbard- og Ish avs-undersøkelser. Geologist 1 907 , 1 909,
1 9 1 0 ; joint leader and geologist 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2, 1 9 1 3, 1 9 1 4, 1 9 1 7, 1 9 1 8 ;
leader and geologist 1 908, 1 9 1 5, 1 9 1 6, 1 9 1 9, 1 920, 1 92 1 , 1 922,
1 923, 1 924, 1 925 .
H OLMESLET, H ANS, b. 1 88 1 , Skipper of MiC " Laila" 1 9 1 0.
H OLMSE N , G U N NAR, b . 1 880, Ph. D . , Government Geologist, Geological
Survey o f N orway . Geologist 1 908.
H OLTEDAHL, O L A F, b. 1 885, P h . D . , Pro fessor of geology at Oslo U n i­
versity. Geologist 1 909, 1 9 1 0, 1 9 1 1 .
H ORNEMA N , H AN S H E N RIK, b. 1 878, Mining Engineer. Geologist 1 906.
H O R N , GU N N AR, b. 1 894, Dr. I ng., Mining Engineer, N o rges SvaIbard­
og Ishavs-undersøkelser. Geologist 1 924, 1 925, 1 926.
H OVDENAK, Lieutenant GUNNAR, N orwegian N avy, b. 1 892. H ydro­
grapher 1 9 1 9.
H ØEG, OVE ARBO, b. 1 898, Curator, Trondhjem Museum. Paleon tologist
1 924.
5
66
ADOLF HOEL
I N D REBØ, GUSTAV L UDVIG, b . 1 889, Ph. D., Leeturer i n nordie philology
at Oslo University. Adviser on questions concern ing place names.
ISACHSEN , Major G U N N ER I U S ( G U N N A R ) I N GVALD, N orwegian Army,
b. 1 868. Leader and topographer 1 906, 1 907 , 1 909, 1 9 1 0.
I SAKSE N , I SAK, b . 1 877, Skipper of M/ C " Enigheden" 1 9 1 2.
I VERSE N , EILI F , b. 1 888, Civil Engineer. H ydrographer 1 922.
I VERSE N , J O H N BERG, b. 1 879, Captain of SIS · ' H olmengraa" 1 908.
J A KOBSE N , K RISTIAN, b. 1 864, Skipper of SIS " Kved fjord" 1 906, 1 907.
J O HANSEN, Captain FREDRIK HJALMA R , N o rwegian Army, b. 1 867, d. 1 9 1 3.
Expedition 1 908, 1 909.
J ØRGE N , Captain JØRGE N , N orwegian N avy, b. 1 880, d. 1 92 1 . H ydro­
grapher 1 909, 1 9 1 0.
J Ø RGEN SEN, EUGEN HONORATUS, b . 1 862, Lecturer at Bergen School .
Examin ation of m osses.
K a r t k o n t o r e t S t e r e o g r a fi k A/S, Oslo. H aaken Christensen, Civil
Engineer. Carl Armin Ftirst, Civil E ngineer. Otto Lacm ann, Dr.
lng. O. M. Riis, Engineer. Construction o f maps.
KlÆR, J OHAN ASCH EHOUG, b . 1 869, Ph. D., Professor of Paleontology at
Oslo University. Examination of fi s h fossils.
KJÆR, Lieutenant ERLING, N o rwegian N avy, b. 1 895. H yd rographer 1 923.
KLINGENBERG, Maj o r KAARE SVERRESSØ N , N orwegian Army, b. 1 872,
Director of the Geographical Survey of Norway. Computations of
trigonometrical observations.
KOLLER, ALFRED, b . 1 878, Civil Engineer, N orges Svalbard- og I shavs­
undersøkelser. Topographer 1 906, 1 909, 1 9 1 0, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2, 1 9 1 3,
1 9 1 4, 1 9 1 7, 1 9 1 8, 1 9 1 9, 1 920, 1 92 1 , 1 922, 1 923, 1 924, 1 925.
KROGH , Commander ROLF VON, Norwegian N avy, b. 1 872. H ydro­
grapher 1 923, Captain of H. M. S. " Farm" and Hydrographer 1 924.
K ROSS, Captain FI N N , N orwegian Army, b. 1 874, d . 1 9 1 2, topographer,
Geographical Survey o f Norway. Preparation of maps.
KVALH EIM, ABRAHA M , b. 1 880, Mining Engineer. Mining expert 1 9 1 5.
LAURANTZO N , Colonel JACOB AGER , Norwegian Army, b. 1 878. Topo­
grapher 1 909.
LID, J OHANNES, b. 1 886, Assistant at th e Botanical Museum of Oslo
Un iversity. Botanist 1 920, 1 924.
Lous, KRISTIAN , b. 1 875, Astronomer, U niversity Astronomical Obser­
vatory, Oslo. Computation o f m agnetic observations.
LUNCKE, BERNHARD, b. 1 894, Civil Engineer, Norges Svalbard- og I s­
havs-undersøkelser. Topographer 1 923 , 1 924, 1 925 .
L U N DTVEDT, TORG RIM, b . 1 857, d . 1 929, Draughtsman, GeographicaI
Survey of N orway . Preparation of maps.
LYNGE, BERNT ARNE, b. 1 884, Lecturer in bota ny at Oslo University.
Examination of botanical material.
T H E N ORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
1 906- 1 926
67
MARSTRANDER, H E N N I NG, b. 1 892, Mining Engineer. Assistant geologist
1 924, 1 925.
MARSTRANDER, ROLF, b. 1 885, Mining Geologist. Assistant geologist 1 909.
M E RCKOLL, HANS, b. 1 884, Mining I nspector of Svalbard. Drilling engi­
neer 1 924.
NANSEN, FRIDTJOF, b. 1 86 1 , Ph. D., Professor of oceanography at Oslo
University. Preparation of oceanographical results.
N ATRUD, JOHAN, b. 1 855, d . 1 92 1 , Draughtsma n , Geographical Survey
of N orway. Preparation of maps.
NORDBYE, MARIE, b. 1 888, Oslo. Computation of trigon ometrical m ea­
surements.
NØIS H ILMAR, b. 1 89 1 , Skipper of M/C " Snadden " 1 9 1 9.
O FTEDA L , IVAR W ERNER, b . 1 894, Assistant at the Geologica1 M useum
of Oslo University. Examination o f mineralogical material.
OLSE N , A. K . , see Orvi n .
O L S E N , O LUF LEONHART, b. 1 862, Skipper of M/C "Svalbard" 1 9 1 6.
O RVIN, ANDERS KRISTIAN, b. 1 889, Mining Engineer, N orges SvaIbardog I sh avs-undersøkelser. Geologist 1 9 1 3, 1 9 1 7, 1 92 1 , 1 922, 1 923,
1 924, 1 925, 1 926.
PEDERSØN, HJALMAR , b. 1 89 1 , Landscape Painter. Paintings and d raw­
ings 1 920, 1 92 1 .
PETTERSEN-HANSEN, JØRGEN, see JØRGEN.
RESVOLL- H oLMSEN , HANNA MARIE, b. 1 873, Lecturer in p hytogeography
at Oslo University. Botanist 1 907.
RIIs, O . M . , b . 1 898, Engineer, see " Kartkontoret Stereografi k AlS", Oslo.
RUUD, SCOTT, b. 1 897, Draugh tsm an, Geograph ical Survey o f N orway.
Preparation of maps.
RÆDER, Captain N ICOLAY CASPARY, N o rwegian Army, b. 1 870, d. 1 92 1 .
Chief of the Topographical O ffice of the Geographical Survey of
Norway. Preparation of maps.
RØVIG, Captain SVERRE, Norwegian N avy, b. 1 878, Senior Teacher at
O s l o N a vigation
Sch o o l .
H y d rogra p h e r 1 9 1 3 , 1 9 1 4 ; j oi n t l e a d e r
and hydrographer 1 9 1 7, 1 9 1 8.
SCH ETELlG, JAKOB GRUBBE COCK, b. 1 875, Professor of geology at
Oslo University. Examination of rocks and minerals.
SCHIVE, CLAUS, b. 1 877, Civil Engineer. Soundings and survey work 1 9 1 6.
SCHIVE, Lieutenant J AKOB H ENRIK, Norwegian Arm y , b . 1 897 , Geodesian ,
Geographica1 Survey of N o rway. Geodetic computations.
SCHULZ, Captain FREDRIK, N orwegian N avy, b. 1 877. Hydrographer 1 925.
SIRE, Lieutenant N I ELS, N o rwegian Arm y, b. 1 889, Topographer, Geo­
graphical Survey of N orway. Preparation of maps.
SOLHEIM, WILHELM, b. 1 890, Engineer, N orges Svalbard- og I shavs-un der­
søkelser. Topographer 1 9 1 8, 1 9 1 9, 1 920, 1 92 1 , 1 922, 1 923, 1 924, 1 925.
68
ADOLF HOEL
STAXRUD, Captain ARVE, N o rwegian Army, b . 1 88 1 . Topographer 1 906,
1 9 1 0, 1 9 1 9, 1 920 ; joint leader a n d topographer 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2, 1 9 1 3, 1 9 1 4.
STAXRUD, OLAV, b. 1 892, Engineer. Assistant topographer 1 920.
STRØM, KAARE MO NSTER, b. 1 902, P h . D . , Botanist. Examination of
botanical m aterial .
SVERDRU P , OTTO N EUMAN N , b. 1 855, Captain , L L . D . Expedition 1 923.
SØRLI, KRISTIA N , b. 1 887, d . 1 929. Assistant geologist 1 9 1 0.
THORKELSEN, Lieutenant H AGBART K N UT GISLE, Norwegian N avy,
b. 1 894. H ydrographer 1 92 1 , 1 923 , 1 924, 1 925.
TOLSTAD, BERNHARD, b . 1 879, Draughtsman, Geographical S urvey of
Norway. Preparation of maps.
VEGARD, L ARS, b. 1 880, P h . D., Professor of physics at Oslo U niver­
sity. Examination of the heat conductivity of rocks.
WATNELIE, G U N N A R AN DERSEN , b. 1 87 1 , Lecturer at Sarpsborg School.
Assistant geologist 1 909, 1 9 1 0, 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2.
WEEN, Captain THOROLF I NGAR, N orwegian Army, b . 1 885, Topo­
grapher, Geographical Survey of N orway. Preparation of m aps.
WERENSKIOLD, W E R N E R , b. 1 883, Ph. D., Professor of geography at
Oslo University. Geologist and topographer 1 9 1 7, 1 9 1 8, 1 9 1 9, 1 920,
1 92 1 , 1 922, 1 923, 1 924.
WIGDEHL, MICH ALOFF, b . 1 857, d. 1 92 1 , Landscape Painter. Landscape
painting 1 9 1 0, 1 9 1 9.
WILLE, J OHAN N ORDAHL FISC H E R , b . 1 858, d. 1 924, Professor of botany
at Oslo U niversity. Examination of botanical m aterial .
WOLD, Captain A RT H U R KARSTEN MIKAL, Norwegian Army, b. 1 883,
Chief of the Geodetic Section of the Geographical S urvey of N or­
way. Compared m easuring wire of the expedition.
WOLLEBÆK, ALF, b . 1 879, Superintendent of the Zoological Museum of
Oslo University. Examination of zoological m aterial .
Foreign.
BACKLU N D , H ELGE, b. 1 878, Professor of geology at the University of
U ppsala, Sweden. Examination of rocks.
BODYLEWSKY, W . j., b . 1 898, Mining Engineer, Assistant at the Geo10gical
Faculty o f the Mining I n stitute of Leningrad . Examination of
paJeontological material.
BORGE, OSKAR FREDRIK, b . 1 862, Ph. D., Archivist, Stockhol m . Exa­
mination of botanical m aterial.
FREBOLD, HANS, b. 1 899, Ph. D., Leeturer i n geology and paleontology
at Greifswald U niversity. Examination of paleontological m aterial.
J AEKEL, OTTO, b . 1 863, d. 1 929, P h . D., Professor at Grei fswald U niver­
sity. Examination of fossil fishes.
LAC MAN N , OTTO, b. 1 887, Dr. I ng. , see " Kartkontoret Stereografi k A/S "
Oslo. (Now Berlin .)
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITI O N S
1 906- 1 926
69
LI N D , J ENS, b. 1 874, Chem ist, Viborg, Denm ark. Exa m ination o f botani­
cal material.
LoDET FER D . , b . 1 877, Paris. P hysician 1 906.
N ATHORST, ALFRED GABRI EL, b. 1 850, d. 1 92 1 , Ph. D . , Professor, Su per­
intendent of the Paleobotanical Departm ent of N aturhistoriska Riks­
m u seet, Stockhol m . Examination o f paleontological m aterial.
O LSSON, E . , Photographer. Cinem atographic operator 1 9 1 4.
Q U E N STEDT, WERNER, b. 1 893, Ph. D . , Assistant at the Geological-paleontological I n stitute of th e Berl in University. Examination of
paleontological material.
RABOT, CHA RLES, b . 1 856, Ph. D . , Geographer, Paris. Bibliographical
work.
RAVN, J ESPER PETER J OHANSEN, b. 1 866, Lecturer at Copenh agen U n i ver­
sity. Exam ination of paleontological m aterial.
SARTORIUS, J A KOB, b. 1 897 , Dipl.-I ng., N o rges Svalbard- og Ish avs­
undersøkelser. ( N ow H erzbruck bei N iirenberg. ) Topographer 1 923,
1 924, 1 925.
SOKOLOV, D. N . , b. 1 867. d . 1 9 1 9, Paleontologist, Oren burg, Russia. Exa­
mination of paleontological material.
STENSIO, E R I K A : S O N , b. 1 89 1 , Ph. D., Professor, Superintendent o f the
Paleozoological Department of N aturhistoriska Riksm useet, Stock­
holm. Examination o f fish fossils.
WITTENBURG, PAUL WLA DIMl ROWITSCH, b. 1 884, Ph. D . , Professor at
Leningrad U n iversity. Examination of paleontol ogical m aterial.
70
ADOLF H O E L
Literature.
A. Previously published Accounts of the Expeditions.
E x p e d i t i o n s 1 906 a n d 1 907 :
Exploration du Nord-Ouest du Spitsberg, entreprise sous les
auspices de S. A. S. le Prince de Monaco par la Mission Isachsen. Premiere
Partie, Monaco 1 9 1 2. - Resultats des Campagnes scientifiques ; Albert l er,
Prince de Monaco, Fasc. XL. Recit de voyage : pp. 3 - 4 1 .
E x p e d i t i o n 1 908 :
H O E L , A D O L F, Expedition norvegienne au Spitsberg. - La Geographie, Paris, T. 1 8,
1 908, p. 408 .
E x p e d i t i o n s 1 909 a n d 1 9 1 0 :
I S A C H S E N , G U N N A R , Rapport sur l'expedition lsachsen a u Spitsberg 1 909- 1 9 1 0.
Christiania 1 9 1 2. 99 pp. - Expedition lsachsen au Spitsberg 1 909- 1 9 1 0.
Resultats scientifiques. Tome l. Also in : Vid. Selsk. Skf. l. M.-N. Kl. 1 9 1 2,
No. 1 5.
Rapport I l sur l'expedition Isachsen au Spitsberg 1 909 - 1 9 1 0. 8 pp. Expedition lsachsen au Spitsberg 1 909- 1 9 1 0. Resultats scientifiques. Tome Il.
ISACHSEN, G U N N AR,
E x p e d i t i o n 191 1 :
La nouvelle expedition norvegienne au Spitsberg. La Geographie,
Paris, T . 24, 1 9 1 1 , pp. 249-253.
Exped i t i o n 1912:
S TAX R U D , A R V E e t A D O L F H O E L , Resultats generaux d e I'expedition norvegtenne au
Spitsberg ( 1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 2) . - La Geographie, Paris, T. 27, 1 9 1 3, pp. 99- 1 08.
E x p e d i t i o n 1913 :
H O E L , A . , Resultats generaux de l'expedition norvegienne au Spitsberg en 1 9 1 3. - La Geographie, Paris, T . 29, 1 9 1 4, pp. 1 77 - 1 82 .
HOEL, ADOLF,
�
E x p e d i t i o n 1914 :
STAX R U D , A R V E et A D O L F H O E L , Resultats de l'expedition norvegtenne au Spitsberg
en 1 9 1 4 . � La Geographie, Paris, T. 30, 1 9 1 4 � 1 5, pp. 277 - 279.
Expedition 1917:
e t S V E R R E RøVIG, Rapport preliminaire d e l'expedition norvegienne de
1 9 1 7 au Spitsberg. - La Geographie, Paris, T. 32, 1 9 18, pp. 96 - \ 0 1 .
H O E L , .\ D O L F
Expedition 1918:
Rapport preliminaire d e I'expedition norvegienne a u Spitsberg.
Geographie, Paris, T. 32, 1 9 1 8, pp. 23 1 - 235.
HOEL, ADOLF,
�
La
THE N ORWEGIAN SVALBAR D EXPEDITIONS
71
1 906- 1 926
Expeditions 1919-21 :
Rapports sur les recentes expeditions norvegiennes au Spitsberg (1919
- 1 9 2 1 ). - Rev. de Geogr., Paris, T. 9 , 1 9 1 6 - 2 1 , 4 8 pp.
H O E L , A D O L F,
R A B O T,
The Norwegians in Spitsbergen. - Geogr. Review, New York, Vol.
pp. 209 - 226.
Norwegian Explorations in Spitsbergen, 1 9 1 9, 1 920, and 1 92 1 . - Geogr.
Review, New York, Vol. 1 2 , 1 922, pp. 303 - 304.
CHARLES,
8, 1 9 1 9,
B.
Storting Papers concerning the Svalbard Exp editions 1909 - 1 929.
Bev. til en videnskabelig ekspedition til Spitsbergen under ledelse av ritmester
G. Isachsen. - St. Forh. 1 909, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedpost V, kap. 3, tit. 62 ; 6 d.
Indst. S. nr. 34 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 1 7 - 1 1 8 .
Marinen. Sjøgaaende øvelser og stambesetningsøvelser m. v. (bl. a. om "Farms"
deltagelse i Spitsbergeneksp.). - St. Forh. 1 909, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1, hovedp. XI B,
kap. 3, tit. 4 ; 6 d. Indst. S. I l ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 1 462 - 1 470.
Marinen. Øvelser, togter og stipendier (bl. a. om "Farm" og Spitsbergeneksp.). St. Forh. 1 9 1 0, 1 d. St. prp. n. 1 , hovedp. XI B, kap. 3 ; 6 d. Indst. S. I l ; beh. 7 d.
Forh. i St., 2237.
Om bevilgning for 1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 2 av bidrag til en videnskapelig ekspedition til
Spitsbergen. - St. Forh. 1 9 1 1 , 2 d. St. prp. nr. 76 ; ref. 7 d. 1 1 42 (Jfr. 728) ; 6 d.
Indst. S. nr. 1 43 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 1 1 5 1 .
Om bidrag til e n ekspedition til Spitsbergen under ledelse av kaptein Staxrud og
cand. real. Hoel. - St. Forh. 1 9 1 2, l d. St. prp. nr. l, hovedp. V, kap. 3 ; 6 d. Indst.
S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 83 1 - 833 .
Om bidrag til en videnskapelig ekspedition til Spitsbergen under ledelse av kap­
tein Arve Staxrud og kand. real. Adolf Hoel. - St. Forh. 1 9 1 3, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 ,
hovedp. V, kap. 3 , tit. 73 ; 6 d . Indst. S . XXVI ; beh. 7 d . Forh. i St., 959.
Om bevilgning av bidrag til en ekspedition til Spitsbergen sommeren 1 9 1 3. St. Forh. 1 9 1 3, 2 d. St. prp. nr. 95 ; ref. 7 d. 1 052 ; 6 d. Inst. S. nr. 1 65 ; beh. 7 d.
Forh. i St., 1 463.
Om bevilgning av kr. 1 5 000.00 for terminen 1 9 1 4 - 1 9 1 5 til en videnskabelig
ekspedition til Spitsbergen sommeren 1 9 1 4 under ledelse av kaptein Arve Staxrud og
kand. real. Adolf Hoel. - St. Forh. 1 9 14, 2. d. St. prp. nr. 94 ; ref. 7 d. 556 (jfr.
442) ; 6 d. Indst. S. nr. 1 74 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St.,
1 265 .
Bidrag til kaptein Staxrud og kand. real. A. Hoel til bearbeidelse av resultatene
av deres Spitsbergen-ekspeditioner. - St. Forh. 1 9 1 6, l d. St. prp. nr. l , hovedp. V,
kap. 3, tit. 86 ; 6 d. Indst. S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 758.
Om bevilgning av bidrag til ritmester G. Isachsens "Spitsbergens-ekspedition 1 909
- 1 9 1 0 " . - St. Forh. 1 9 1 6, 2 d. St. prp. nr. 9 1 ; ref. 7 d.
1 1 32 (jfr.
1 1 03) ; 6 d.
Indst. S. nr. 206 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 1 692.
Bidrag til kaptein Staxrud og kand. A. Hoel til bearbeidelse av resultatene av
deres Spitsbergenekspeditioner. - St. Forh. 1 9 1 7 , l d. St. prp. nr. l , hovedp. V, kap. 3,
tit. 96 ; 6 d. Indst. S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 697 .
Om bevilgning av kr. 1 5 000.00 til en femaarig Spitsbergen-ekspeditiol1 ved kand.
real. Adolf Hoel og vernepligtig marineløitnant Sverre Røvig. - St. Forh. 1 9 1 7 , 2 d.
St. prp. nr. 1 1 4 ; ref. 7 d. 1 403 ; 6 d. Indst. S. nr. 204 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., 1 9 1 5.
Om bevilgning til en femaarig Spitsbergenekspedition under ledelse av kand. real.
universitetsstipendiat Adolf Hoel og vernepligtig marineløitnant Sverre Røvig. - St.
Forh. 1 9 1 8 ; 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1, hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 97 ; 6 d. Indst. S. XXVI ; beh.
7 d. Forh. i St., s. 955.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
S.
72
A DOLF HOEL
Bevilgning til en femaarig Spitsbergenekspedition under ledelse av kand. real.
universitetsstipendiat Adolf Hoel og vernepligtig marineløitnant Sverre Røvig. - St.
Forh. 1 9 1 9, 1 d. St. prp. nr. l , hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 1 09 ; 6 d. Indst. S. XXVI ; beh.
7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 13 1 .
Marinen. Militært opsynskib paa Finmarkskysten (bl. a. o m eksp. med "Farm" til
Spitsbergen). - St. Forh. 1 920, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedp. XII B, kap. 3, tit. 1 2 ; 6 d.
Indst. S. Il ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 2 1 7 1 - 21 74.
Bidrag til en femaarig Spitsbergenekspedition under ledelse av dosent Adolf Hoel.
- St. Forh. 1 920, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 1 1 7 og utk. B, tit. 109 ;
6 d . Indst. S . XXV I ; beh. 7 d . Forh. St., s . 1896 - 1897.
Bev. til en femaarig Spitsbergen-ekspedition under ledelse av dosent Adolf Hoel.
- St. Forh. 1 921 , 1 d. St. prp. nr. I, hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 122 ; 6 d. Indst. S. XXVI ;
beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 43 1 .
Bev. til bearbeidelse o g utgivelse av resultatene fra d e norske Spitsbergen-eks­
peditioner. - St. Forh. 1 92 1 , l d. St. prp. nr. l, hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 123 ; 6 d.
Indst. S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 43 1 .
Marinen. Militært opsynsskib paa Finmarkskysten (bl. a. om "Farm" og eksp. til
Spitsbergen). - St. Forh. 1 92 1 , l d. St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedp. XII B, kap. 3, tit. 1 2 ; 6 d.
Indst. S. I l ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 76 1 .
Bev. til e n n y Spitsbergenekspedisjon under ledelse av dosent Adolf Hoel. - St.
Forh. 1922, I d. St. prp. nr. I , hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 1 17 ; 6 d. Innsl. S. XXVI ; beh.
7 d. Forh. i St., s. 17 1 3- 1 7 1 4.
Bev. til bearbeidelse og utgivelse av resultatene fra de norske Spitsbergen-eks­
pedisjoner. - St. Forh. 1 922, I d. St. prp. nr. I , hovedp. V, kap. 3 , tit. 1 1 8, 6 d.
Innst. S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 7 1 3 - 1 7 1 4.
Marinen. Militært opsynsskib på Finmarkskysten samt "Farm" til Hoels Spits­
bergenekspedisjon. - St. Forh. 1 922, 1 d. St. prp. nr. I , hovedp. XII B, kap. 3 , tit.
12 ; tl d. Innst. S. I l ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1470 - 1475.
Bev. til bearbeidelse og utgivelse av resultatene fra de norske Spitsbergen­
ekspedisjoner. - St. Forh. 1 923, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 1 08 ; 6 d.
Innst. S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1497 - 1498.
Marinen. Militært opsynsskib på Finmarkskysten m. v. (Bl. a. om overlateIse av
"Farm" for planlagt ekspedisjon til Spitsbergen og Bjørnøya sommeren 1 923). - St.
Forh. 1 923, I d . St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedp. XII B, kap. 3, tit. 1 2 ; 6 d. Innst. S. I l ; bell.
7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 93 1 - 1 934.
Bev. til bearbeidelse og utgivelse av resultatene fra de norske Spitsbergen­
ekspedisjoner. - St. Forh. 1 924, l d. St. prp. nr. l, hovedp. V, kap. 3, tit. 1 07 ; 6 d.
Innst. S. XXVI ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 1 70.
Angående budgettforslag for terminen 1 924 - 1925, vedkommende dosent Hoels
Spitsbergenekspedisjon. - St. Forh. 1 924, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 , hovedp. v m A, kap. 14,
tit. 1 , 6 d. Innst. S. XXVI (tillegg) ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 1 7 1 4 - 1 7 1 5.
Marinen. Militært opsynsskib på Finmarkskysten m. v. (bl. a. om "Heimdal" og
"Farm"s tokter). - St. Forh. 1 924, I d. St. prp. nr. l , hovedp. X I I B, tit. 1 2 ; 6 d.
Innst. S. I l ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., s. 252 1 .
Bev. til bearbeidelse a v det på d e norske Spitsbergen- og Bjørnøyekspedisjoner
1 909 - 1 92 1 innsamlede topografiske hydrografiske og geologiske materiale. - St. Forh.
1 925, 1 d. St. prp. nr. 1 kap. 535 ; 6 d. budgett-innst. S. nr. 85 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St.,
s. 125 1 .
Marinen. O m bev. til å stille Marinens transportfartøi "Farm" til disposisjon for
Amundsen-Ellsworths Nordpolekspedisjon samt dosent Hoels Svalbardekspedisjon.
St. Forh. 1 925, 2 d. St. prp. nr. 23, ref. 7 d. s. 9 1 ; 6 d. budgettinnst. S. nr. 122 b ;
beh. 7 d . Forh. i St., s . 642- 659.
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITlONS
73
1 906- 1 926
Bev. til bearbeidelse av det på de norske Spitsbergen- og Bjørnøyekspedisjoner
1909- 1921 innsamlede topografiske, hydrografiske og geologiske materiale. - St. Forh.
1 926, l d. St. prp. nr. l , kap. 535 ; 6 d. budgett-innst. S. nr. 82 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i
St., S. 1 205.
Regjeringsprotokoller. I. Kong!. resolusjoner. K. Avgjørelse vedkommende Sval­
bard. - St. Forh. 1 926, 3 d. Ot. prp. nr. 3; 6 d. Innst. O. I V ; beh. 8 d. Forh. i 0.,
S. 1 063 - 1077.
Bev. til bearbeidelse av det på de norske Spitsbergen- og Bjørnøyekspedisjoner
1 909 - 1 921 innsamlede topografiske, hydrografiske og geologiske materiale. - St. Forh.
1 927, l d. St. prp. nr. l, kap. 535 ; 6 d. budgett - innst. S . nr. 78 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i
St., s. 1 1 73.
Om fordelingen av overskuddet i Det norske pengelotteri for årene 1 928-- 1 932.
St. Forh. 1927, 2 d. St. prp. nr. 69 ; ref. 7 d. S. 1 893 ; 6 d. S. nr. 1 79 ; beh. 7 d. forh.
i St., s. 268 1 -2693.
Bev. til Svalbardundersøkelser. - St. Forh. 1 928, l d. St. prp. nr. 1 , kap. 535 ;
6 d. budgett inst. S. nr. 79 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., S. 1002.
Om oprettelse av en institusjon for Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser og av et
Svalbard- og Ishavsråd, begge for tidsrummet inntil 3 1 . desember 1 932. St. Forh.
1 928, 2 d. St. prp. nr. 29, ref. 7 d. s. 23 ; 6 d. S. nr. 45 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., S.
424 - 428.
Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersøkelser. I. Ekspedisjon til Svalbard. Il. Viden­
skapelige arbeider på Grønland. - St. Forh. 1 929, d. St. prp. Nr. l , kap. 535 ; 6 d. bud­
gett-innst. S. nr. 83 ; beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., S. 655-656, 668, 7 1 1 - 726.
Om ytterligere bevilgning til videnskapelige og andre arbeider i de arktiske egner.
- St. Forh. 1 929, St.prp. nr. I . Tillegg nr. 1 4 ; 6 d. Tillegg til budgett-innst. S. nr. 83
beh. 7 d. Forh. i St., S. 1 979.
-
-
ADOLF HOEL
74
Tables.
I.
Vessels and Members.
Members
00
....
<l)
.o
E
<l)
Year
Leaders
of expeditions
E
Vessels
c
....
<l)
.o
E
;::l
z
1 906 Equipped by Prince SJY "Princesse Alice"
Albert of Monaco SIS "Kvedfjord"
and conducted by
lsachsen
1 907 Equipped by Prince SJY "Princesse Alice"
Albert of Monaco SiS "Kvedfjord"
and conducted by
Isachsen
SIS "Holmengraa"
1 908 Hoel
H. M. S. "Farm"
1909 lsachsen
H. M. S. "Farm"
1 9 1 0 Isachsen
MiC "Laila"
1 9 1 1 Hoel and Staxrud M/C "Bellsund"
1 9 1 2 Hoel and Staxrud M/C "Enigheden"
1 9 1 3 Hoel and Staxrud M/C "Jenny"
M/B "Isbjørn"
1914 Hoel and Staxrud M/C "Vaarsol"
Coal steamers
1 9 1 5 Hoel
M/C "Svalbard"
1 9 1 6 Hoel
M/C "Dyrstad"
1 9 1 7 Hoel and Røvig
M/C "Lancing"
1 9 1 8 Hoel and Røvig
H. M. S. "Farm"
1 9 1 9 Hoel
M/S "Snadden"
H. M. S. "Farm"
1 920 Hoel
H. M. S. "Farm"
1 92 1 Hoel
M/C "Jan Mayen"
M/C "R ingsæl"
1 922 Hoel
H. M. S "Farm"
1 923 Hoel
M/C "Blomstersæl"
H. M. S. "Farm"
1 924 Hoel
M/C "Blomstersæl"
1925 Hoel
H. M. S. "Farm"
1 926 Hoel
Coal steamers
SIS denotes steam ship, M/C motor cutter,
H. M. S. vessel of the Norwegian Navy.
l
-
3
-
l
41
l
l
2
-
l
- 2
- 2
l
l
3
1
l
- 3 2
- 4 2
- 2 3
- 2 2
l 6
5
- 6 3
- 4 4
SjY steam
-
-
2
}
15
72
\
j
12
6
203
21 3 \
4 f
4
4
9
37
- l
43
16
3
13
3 - - -3 - - -3l 4 1 2
44 14
2
1
1 4 17
2
3 54 18
2 - - -54 19
27 3 \ 46
2 - - -l
l f
2 1 - - 1
28 3 47
28 5 \ 48
9
-1
3 1 f
32
11
4 5 8
3 1 5 \ 66
13
2 1 166 (
l 1 7 1 9 8 29 5 \ 90
7 1
8 f
1 6 - 5 7 28 15 69
5 4
2
2
yacht, M/B small motor boat,
2
2 4
- 34 2 4 -
-
-
72
1
8
7
7
4
3
1 4
- - 10
8
8
10
9
Including one physician. 2 The crew of the " Princesse Alice" is not listed among the members
of the Norwegian Svalbard Expeditions. 3 + 2 offkers. 4 Captain. 5 + 3 officers. 6 + Captain
and mate. - These Officers and captains are listed as hydrographers and oceanographers and there­
fore not included in the crews of the vessels.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
•
.
•
•
1898,
1 902,
1 885,
1 901,
1 906,
1909,
1874,
1907.
1914,
1 9 1 2,
191 1,
1912,
1875,
steel
steel
iron
steel
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
wood
When bu ilt,
Material
I
I
251
84.7
73. 1
4 1 .3
46.3
48
66.3
36
47.7
47.
46.4
50.9
47.5
47. 1
76.5
72.7
Length
I
I
34.8
1 7. 1
13
6. 1
1 6.6
16
1 9.4
11
1 6.3
16
1 6.2
1 8.6
15
1 5.9
1 9.8
20. \
in feet
I
18.7
8.3
8
2.5-3
6.6
7
8.4
5
6.6
7.65
8.5
6
6.3
8.5
9.6
I Breadth I Draught
Dimensions i n metres. Displacement 450 tons.
1
Princesse Alice . . .
Kvedfjord . . . . . . . . .
H olmengraa . . . . . . .
Farm
Laila . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bellsund . . . . . . . . . .
Enigheden . . . . . . . .
Jenny . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vaarsol . . . . . . . . . . .
Svalbard . . . . . . . . . .
Dyrstad . . . . . . . . . . .
Lancing . . . . . . . . . . .
Snadden . . . . . . . . . .
Jan Mayen . . . . . . . .
Ringsæl . . . . . . . . . . .
Blomstersæl . . . . . . .
Name
1 042. 1 2
76.60
55. 1 4
ab!. 20
- 20
56.77
abt. 1 5
25.8
32. 19
37
20
20
66
8\
I
61 1 .02
20.80
1 8.06
abt. 9
-9
48.47
8.89
10
9
13
9
9- 1 0
37
41
Net
Reg. Tonnage
Gross
Particulars of Vessels.
Il.
I
I
Steam 1 000 l . H . P.
Steam 1 50 I. H. P.
Steam 18 Nom. H. P.
Steam 300 l. H. P.
Motor (Bolinder) 15 H. P.
Motor (Grei) 20 H . P.
Motor
Motor
Motor
Motor 20 H. P.
Motor 32 H. P.
Motor 31 H. P.
Motor 20 H. P.
Motor (Skandia\ 1 6 H. P.
Motor 80 H. P.
Motor 70 H. P.
Engine
-.]
Ul
:o
�
I
§
Cf}
O
z
�
:l
-<
:.­
r"
tø
:.­
;o
ti
[Tl
:><
"O
[Tl
z
Cf)
:.­
Q
[Tl
�
...,
::r:
[Tl
z
O
;o
76
ADOLF H O E L
Ill.
Office PersonneI.
1 906- 1 907 . .
1 907- 1 908 . .
1 908- 1 909 . .
1 909- 1 9 1 0 . .
1 9 1 0- 1 9 1 1 . .
191 1-1912. .
1 9 1 2- 1 9 1 3 . .
1913-1914 . .
1 9 1 4- 1 9 1 5 . .
1 9 1 5- 1 9 1 6 . .
1 9 1 6- 1 9 1 7 . .
1 9 1 7- 1 9 1 8 . .
1 9 1 8-- 1 9 1 9 . .
1 9 1 9 - 1 920 . .
1 920- 1 92 1 . .
1 92 1 - 1 922 . .
1 922 1 923 . .
1 923 - 1 924 . .
1 924 - 1 925 . .
1 925 - 1 926 . .
1 926- 1 927 . .
1 927- 1 928 . .
1 928 - 1 929 . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
l
l
Topographers GeOIOgists Draftsmen Assistants Clerks
Personnei
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
I
l
3
3
l
1
2
2
2
l
1
l
1
l
4
6
2
2
2
2
-
-
l
1
-
l
-
I
-
-
l
-
-
-
-
I
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
-
l
-
-
l
l
-
l
l
1
l
l
2
-
-
l
2
2
3
4
4
4
3
4
l
-
-
-
-
-
l
1
1
l
l
l
-
-
2
2
2
2
3
I
Total
6
5
2
7
9
6
4
4
4
2
3
2
4
4
4
5
7
8
10
10
10
8
10
IV.
Committees.
Period
Members
p h i cal S o c i ety . . . . . . . .
191 1-1917
Ministry o f Church Affairs
and Education . . . . . . . .
A L M E , H E L G E , D i rector o f O s l o M u n i c i p a l
Pensions Office.
K l Æ R , J O H A N , Professor of paleontology at
Oslo University.
K L I N G E N B E R G , K . S., Captain (later Major)
Norwegian Army.
1 9 1 8- 1 929
Ministry of Trade . . . . . . .
1 920 - 1 926
Appointed by
The Norwegian Geogra-
Barrister.
Professor.
N.]., Colonel, Norwegian Army,
Director of the Geographical Survey of
Norway, chairman of the committee, d.
1 92 1 and succeeded by the new director
of the survey, Major K . S. K L I N G E N B E RG.
BA TT, HJ . , Director of the Industry Office,
Ministry of Trade.
H I L L E S T A D , A. K., Under-Secretary of State
in the Ministry of Trade.
S T U EVO L D - H A N S E N , B., Barrister and Di­
rector- General of the Watercourse and
Electricity Baard, chairman.
FOLTMAR, L U DV., of the Ministry of Trade,
acted as secretary.
LUNDH, CARL,
KlÆR, J O H A N ,
S EJ E RSTED,
T H E N O RWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
77
1 906 � 1926
v.
Instruments.
Topogra p h i c a l S u rveying.
I n var Wire for Base Line M easurem ent.
Year of
purchase
Firm
1 909
Gortschalk, Stockholm
Length
24
Metres
Theodolites.
Year of
purchase
1 906
1 906
1 907
1 90 9
1 909
1910
1910
191 1
191 1
1918
1918
1918
1 920
1 920
1 922
1 923
1 923
1 923
1 924
1 929
I
Erthel & Reichenbach, Munchen
C, H. G, Olsen
& Co" Oslo
�
" 2
Otto Fennei Sohne, Cassel
Sigurd Baalsrud, Oslo
"�
"-2
l
Magniflcation
No.
X
2
28
10
7
_
IV
I
Il
III
�
�
�" �
�" _ 3
-, - "
� �
"
,
I
Otto Fennei Sohne, Cassel 4
Carl Zeiss, J ena 5
Sigurd Baalsrud, Oslo
�" C. H, G. Olsen & Co., Osl0 2
Carl Zeiss, Jena6
"
A. - G. Hemnch
WIld, Heerbrugg
�
I
Firm
A. Stegemann, Berlin
Hasselblad, Goteborg
Gaumont, Paris
Kodak, Rochester
Gaumont,� Paris
�"
C, P. Goerz, Berlin
Contessa - Nettel A /G, Stuttgart
Carl Zeiss,6 Jena5
�"�
�
l
"_
I
535
537
539
1 1 904
1 4800
90 1
98 1
1 . 1 5904
1 48
Cameras.
Camera I Size
Type I No. �
Svea
Spido
Spido
Spido
Taxo
8
Borrowed 1 906, 1 909,
4 Borrowed 1 920,
20
20
27
23
27
24
24
24
17
24
28
28
37
24
24
24, 30, 40
R. I
� 7
Year of
purehase
1 906
1 906
1 906
1 906
1 909
1 909
1918
1 920
1 920
1 923
1 924
I
Firm
IV
6490
7792
7793
1 4800
1 9895
4783
13 x
9x
9x
8x
9x
9x
13x
9x
13 x
13 x
13x
2 Borrowed.
18
12
12
14
12
12
18
12
18
18
18
Diameter in cm Reading to (abt.)
Hor, Vert.
Hor. Vert,
circle circle circle circle
22
12
10
1 2,5
12
12
14
13
14
13
13
13
13
12
15
14
21
12
7,5
14
I
15
12
10
6,5
9
12
12
9
12
9
9
9
10
11
14
9
21
11
5
9,5
I
10"
30 "
30"
l'
le
le
20 cc
lc
20 cc
le
1c
lc
le
12"
1 0 cc
1 0 cc
l"
20 cc
1 0 cc
1 cc
1 9 1 0.
�
1 922, 1 923, 1 924. �
8
20 "
30 "
30 "
l'
lc
le
le
le
20 ce
1c
lc
lc
1c
1 2"
50 cc
1c
10"
20 cc
l O ec
1 cc
�
Objective
ocal length
cm
T ype
Aperture
VoigtUinder
Rapid - Paraplanat
Zeiss Protar
Zeiss Tessar
Zeiss Tessar
Goerz Doub. anastigmat
Doub. anastigmatCitonar
Ortho-Protar
Ortho-Protar
Zeiss Tessar
l : 7.5
1 : 8
1 : 8
20.37
1 3 .62
1 3,72
l
1
l
1
l
1 3 .45
1 3.36
1 8 ,25
1 3.98
1 9. 528
1 9.382
1 8.342
: 6.3
: 6,3
: 4,8
: 63
: 1 2, 5
I : 25
l : 4,5
Borrowed 1 9 1 1 , 1 9 1 2, 1 9 1 3, 1 9 1 4.
Belongs to Zeiss Field Outflt. Hired
1 920, 1 92 1 , 1 922, 1 923, � 6 Belongs to Zeiss Field Outflt Mode1 C 3 b. � As used
for Zeiss Field Outflt Model C 3 b,
Camera for Aerial Photography.
�
I
�
3
5
7
78
ADOLF HOEL
Stereo-plottin g Mach i n e.
Zeiss- von Orel Stereo-autograph ; Model 1914, No.
1 1 309.
Hired from
1 920.
H y d rograp h i e S u rveyi n g.
1 80 0 Angle - Prism
Telemeter (Zeiss)
Station Pointer
Sounding Machine (Lucas)
Common Lead
Snapper Lead
Submarine Sentry
Buoys
Theodolite
Plane Table
Telescopic Alidade
Sextant
Quintant
Chronometer
Wireless Telegraph
Direction Finder
Electric Log (Chernikeeff)
O c e a n o g ra p h i c Wo rk.
Reversing Thermometers
Reversing Water Bottles (Nansen)
Current Meter (Ekman ; Smaller Model, for single Observations, No. 49).
Magnetie Observations.
Declinatorium Bamberg 963 1 belongs to the University Observatory. It has a
horizontal circle which moves with the telescope and is read to 0 ' .5 by two fixed
verniers. The needle placed on a pin in the box carries a mirror with a mark on it,
and the telescope has a vertical wire. Both telescope and needle are reversed between
readings. The azimuth is determined by observations of the sun's passage.
VI.
A stronomical Stations.
(Map. p. 47).
Year
1 909
1 909
1 909
1 909/
1910
1 909;
1910
1910
1 009
1 920 1
1 922 1
1 23
9
1
Location
Observer
Observation 1 . , Kings
Bay
Cairn Bruce, Red Bay
Ebeltoft Haven
Prince Charles Foreland, eastern end
point of the base line
Welcome Pt. Reindeer
Peninsula
Ekholm Pt., Virgo Bay
Sabine Pt.
Finneset, Green Harbour
Tunheim, Bear Island
Hermansen
jørgen
Hermansen
jørgen
Hermansen
Hermansen
jørgen
Hermansen
jørgen
Hermansen
Hermansen
Henie
H. S.jelstrup
Henie
I
Lat. North Long. East Det. of azimuth
78 55 1 8
9 44 20
79 8 5 1
78 2 1 2
7
79 50 8
79 43 1 9
79 50 27
hm s
0 49 1 6
0 48 5 1
[0 47 O]
0 47 54
0 53 27
44
47 20]
Isachsen 1 909
Koller 1 9 1 0
Koller 1 9 1 0
[O
30]
[O
0 56 56,27
jelstrup
1 6 54,22 Henie
By the Geographical Survey of Norway at the request of the Norwegian Svalbard
Expeditions.
"
78 2 45,75
74 28 57
0 56 56,86
I
T H E N O RWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
79
1 906- 1 926
VII.
Base Lines.
(Map p. 47).
I.
Base lines m easured with I n var wire under a tension of
kilogrammes, m easured with sprin g balance.
A. Base lines for topographical maps constructed on the scale of
10
50 000.
I :
Year
Situation
Measured by
Length in m.
Average error
of twa measurements
1 909
1 909
191 1
1918
1918
1 92 1
Foreland Plain . . . . . . . . .
Reindeer Peninsula . . . . .
At Coles Bay . . . . . . . . . .
At Goose Haven on the
south side of Horn Sound
At the west side of Recherche Bay . . . . . . . . . .
A t Hiorthamn o n the east
side of Advent Bay . . . .
A. Koller, J. Laurantzon
A. Koller, J. Laurantzon
A. Koller, A. Staxrud
A. Koller, W. Solheim
A. Koller, W. Solheim
A. Koller, W. Solheim
1 946.8810
1757.2497
1 079.0408
1343.5964
1 1 22.4 1 7 1
1065.331 6
0.004
0.004
± 0.0035
± 0.0009
± 0.002
± 0.0035
±
+
6 base lines
B. Base lines for special large-scale maps, viz. Kings Bay, scale : I : 1 000,
Bear Island, scale : I : 1000, l : 2000, and l: 10 000.
± 0.0015
1 921 At Ny- Å lesund, Kings Bay A. Koller, W. Solheim 569.4546
± 0.004 1
1 922 Sørlia, Bear Island . . . . . A. Koller, W. Solheim 982.3580
2 base lines
I
Il.
1 906
1 906
1 906
1 906
I
I
Base lines measured with steel tape.
A. Base lines for topographical map constructed on
I : 50 000, and l ; 100 000.
N. of Cape Guissez . . . . . A. Koller, A. Staxrud
Danes Island . . . . . . . . . . . A. Koller, A. Staxrud
Staxruds Plateau . . . . . . . A. Koller
At the head of Møller Bay A. Koller
4 base lines
the scale of
1500.0
1 500.0
1000.0
1 000.0
l ;
25 000,
± ca. 0.1
ca. 0. 1
ca. 0. 1
ca. 0. 1
±
±
±
m
m
m
m
80
ADOLF HOEL
V I I (continued).
B. Base lines for special maps, and check base lines.
Measured by
Year
Situation
1906
1906
1906
1 906
Burial Ground at Magdalena Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . .
At the inner end of Smeerenburg Bay . . . . . . . . .
At Ebeltoft Haven . . . . . .
In front of the 14th July
Glacier east of Cross
Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
At the west side of Lilliehook Bay . . . . . . . . . . . .
West of Blomstrand H ar' '
A � ��� ���t � i d� �f D i �k� I
son Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N. o f Cold Harbour . . . .
A t Hiorthamn o n the east
side of Advent Bay . . .
1907
1 907
1910
1912
1917
A. Koller
A. Koller
A. Koller
I
A. Koller
G. Isachsen, A. Hoel
A. Hoel, K. Haavimb
A. Koller, A. Staxrud
A. Koller
A. Koller
Length in m.
Average error
of two measurements
400.0
400.0
630.0
ca. 0.05
± ca. 0.05 m
± ca. 0.05 m
350.0
440.0
805.0
I
1497. 1 1
1 1 49.0 1
980.776 1
±
m
ca. 0.05 m
± ca. 0.02
± ca. 0. 1 2 m
± ca. O . l m
± ca. 0.2 m
± ca. 0.004 m
±
m
9 base lines.
Check base lines. Base line at H iorthamn was measured with a tested steel tape ,
and a tension of 1 0 kilagrammes on the tape. Line prolonged and re-measured
with Invar wire by A. Koller and W. Solheim in 1 92 1 .
l
I l l . Base l i n e measured b y angle measurem ent, with a n h orizontally placed
staff (3 m etres) o f I n var metal from Carl Zeiss.
1 925 1
At Braganza Bay
1 A. Koller
941 .792
± ca. 0. 1 m
VIII.
Year
I
Datum Points for the Computation o f Altitudes.
Place
Method of measurement
Observer
1 906 South em end point of the LeveIling from estimated mean A. Koller
base line on the east side high water level found from
of Cross Bay
observations of high water mark
1906 Western end point of base
line on the south east side
of Danes Island
1 906 Southern end point of the
base line at the head of
Møller Bay
A. Staxrud
1906 Trigonometric point, cairn 1 5
,
o n the west side o f Lillie­
hook Bay
-
-
\
-
,,
,,
,
-
-
-
T H E NORWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDITIONS
81
1 906 - 1 926
V I I I (continued).
Place
1 909
1 909
191 1
1912
1913
1916
1917
1 9 18
1918
1 920
1 92 1
1 92 1
1 921
1 922
1 923
1 923
1 924
Method of measurement
Eastern end point of the base Levelling from estimated mean
line on Foreland Plain
high water level found from
observations of high water mark
Trigonometric point to the
north of the base line on
Reindeer Peninsula astro­
nomical station
Trigonometric point, signal D,
- ,Cape Laila at Coles Bay
Trigonometric point, K 26, on
the north side of Cold Hat­
bour
Trigonometric point, K 1 9, on
,,
the west side of Dames
Moraine (north side of Van
Mijen Bay)
Spirit level station at Hiort­ Levelling from mean water level
hamn on the east side of found by reading a tide gauge
Advent Bay
every hour during 4 weeks
New spirit level station at Levelling from mean water level
Hiorthamn
found by reading a tide gauge
every hour during 20 days
-
,,
Observer
A. Koller
-
,
- ,, -
-
-
C. Schive
AlS De Norske
Kulfelter Spits­
bergen at the
request of Koller
Spirit leve! station at Goose Levelling from mean water level W. Solheim
Haven on the south side of found by reading a tide gauge
Horn Sound. (Astronomical every hour during 18 hours
station of the Russian Are
of Meridian Expedition)
The northern end point of Estimated mean high water
the base line on the west
side of Recherche Bay
Trigonometric point, cairn on
,
Eders Island
Trigonometric point, K l , at Levelling from mean water level A. Koller
Ingvald Bay, Van Keulen found by reading a tide gauge
every hour during 18 hours
Bay
Trigonometric point, K 14 a,
,,
A. Koller
6
W. Werenskiold
at Cape Blix on the south
side of Van Mijen Bay
A. Koller
Trigon.ometric point, A', at
12
,
Ny-Alesund on the south
side of Kings Bay
Spirit level station at the
1 4 days
E. Iversen
head of South Haven,
Bear Island
23 hours W. Werenskiold
Trigonometric point, W 3 1 ,
at Bjona Haven
j. Sartori us
Trigonometric point, Ss 36,
24
at Skans Bay, Klaas Bil­
len Bay
Spirit level station at Mt.
W. Solheim
24
Pyramid, Klaas Billen Bay
6
-
,
--
--
-
-
, -
-_. ,,
._- ,, -
82
ADOLF HOEL
VIII (continued).
Year
Plaee
Method of measurement
Observer
1924 Spirit level station on Bohe­ LeveIling from mean water level W. Solheim
man Peninsula, north side found by reading a tide gauge
of lee Fiord
every hour during 6 hours
1 924 Spirit level station, Ss 6,
J. Sartorius
-,,- 24 "
Gips Bay
1 925 Spirit level station at Svea­
24
A. Koller
,
gruvan, Braganza Bay
- ,-
IX .
Methods used b y the Topographical Survey.
Year
1 906
1 907
1 909 - 1 9 1 0
191 1 - 1 9 1 9
1 920- 1 925
Methods
Plane table and photogrammetry (eamera in eonneetion with plane
tab le) ; a few of the stations were determined trigonometrieally.
Photogrammetry (eamera in eonneetion with plane table) and a few
plane table stations; most of the stations determined trigonometri­
cally ; also photogrammetric sea stations.
Photogrammetry (photo - theodolite), most stations determined trigono­
metrically ; also sea stations and "depression" -measurements.
Photogrammetry (photo-theodolite), all stations determined trigono­
metrically ; also sea stations, "depression"-survey, and tacheometry.
Photogrammetry (photo-theodolite) and stereo-photogrammetry, all sta­
tions determined trigonometrieally ; also sea stations, "depression"­
survey, and taeheometry.
The determinations of elevations have, as a rule, been made trigonometrically.
Besides the leveIling earried out in connection with the base measurements,
levelIings have also been earried from eaeh water level observation to beneh
marks and trigonometrieal points. A num ber of raised beaehes and terraees
have also been leve lied.
T H E N O RWEGIAN SVALBAR D EXPEDITIONS
83
1 906 - 1 926
ao
X
Details of Topographical Field Work.
(Map po 49)0
-E
Ul >,
:::
o
':;: 0
::: �
� o_
Photogro
slations de Trigo stations � E
termined
with photo�
o 5i,
graphically
grams
V
Year Topographers c Number
of � -o oE ::: Number of
�
Ul
Trigo Photo - . !:9 ... "<::� 0_� Sta- Photo°Ui
st. grams
f- Ul tions grams
<t:
o
Ul
Ul
c
Ul
_
Ul
... ;::l
f- o
I 321
5
1 907 Hoel
Haavimb
Isachsen
1
1
2
23
16
1909 Hoel
[sachsen
Koller
Laurantzon
2
2
2
2
1 9 1 0 Haavimb
[sachsen
Koller
Ao Staxrud
-
-
-
V
Ul
o
Q -
-
34
2
1
I
-
39
233
20
2
22
-
5
12
23
40
1 07
1 90
30
367
22
18
8
1
2
2
2
1 1 102
13 1 1 1
22 1 180
3 1 307
-
700
4
-
1 9 1 1 Hoel
Koller
Ao Staxrud
2
2
2
5
23
27
55
28
1 68
187
383
2
8
5
15
29
5
7
41
1 9 1 2 Hoel
Koller
A. Staxrud
2
2
2
6
28
22
56
34
248 I
1 52
434
1
5
4
10
40
2
-
-
42
-
-
1913 Hoel
Koller
2
2
2
29
5
205
3
5
28
5
-
-
-
20
5
-
To tal
To tal
To tal
Total
1
To tal
Total
1 9 1 4 Hoel
Koller
Ao Staxrud
Total
2
1
1
1 9 1 6 Hoel
9 1 7 Hoel
Koller
To ta l
2
1
2
1 9 1 8 Gløersen
Hoel
Holst
Koller
Solheim
Werenskiold
2
1
1
2
2
2
Total
-
4
44
77
31
1
1
210
-
48
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
1
8
25
-
33
6
17
8
31
29
1 17
58
204
25
25
8
4
37
260
3
3
6
17
41
55
31
229
9
23
14
19
3
19
24
14
109
137
21
141
1 63
97
13
l
2
-
93
668
l
17
-
9
14
1
6
19
26
4
9
13
89
2
2
3
18
16
27
7
-
5
2
7
-
-
61
-
-
-
42
20
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
6
2
-
8
27
20
2
1
90
7
2
23
24
3
-
-
1 930
3
10
1 596
-
I
6
15
4
25
8
8
9
15
40
-
-
-
-
-
-
28
805
2
11
6
620
-
5
7
12
24
26
50
19
2
3
5
7
6
13
4
5
8
10
30
2
6
3
3
5
-
40
-
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
7
5348
13
15
-
-
-
7
99
-
-
-
5
2
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
v
...
<t:
13
-
-
�
°Ol
U
-
-
38
c
35
-
96
137
-
37
Ul
Ul
C
...
-
36
53
20
18
-
cio
.o
9
1 03
-
;:;
35
271
-
28
5
-
o
- v
0.. .",
-
-
å
..>o:
-
...
50
53
-
28
-
c
256
6
9
-
Total
Photogro
sea
stations
:ci bJl Number of
�
:; E
Sta- Photo � 2 tions
grams
'Z o
Ul ..<::
0 0-
1 906 [sachsen
Koller
Ao Staxru d
_ ..<::
Ul ov �
...
v
9
1
5
2
202
8
302
2
4
5
9
1 15
8
10
3
10
12
13
1 530
56
84
ADOLF HOEL
X
Year Topographers
1919
00
c
0$
Ul
·00
ifJ
<l;
Hoel
Koller
Solheim
Å. Staxrud
Werenskiold
l
2
2
2
2
Total
1 920
Hoel
Koller
Solheim
Å . Staxrud
O. Staxrud
Werenskiold
l
Total
1921
528
2 22
34 1 39
26 208
48 343
1 9 1 32
1 0 64
2
2
2
I
2
139
908
l
-
-
.�ol
�
�
o
OO
.c
. 0-
.� ....
t-. ::l
f- o
4
1
3
2
7
17
....
V
Q)
E
o 00
v t::
.c . o
_
u -
0$ 0$
f- Ul
5 I
-
51
1
-
1
3
8
2
15
29
29
62
383
10
13
Koller
Solheim
1
I
8
9
17
38
49
87
8
4
12
Gleditsch
Hoel
Sartorius
Werenskiold
1
I
2
2
8
23
27
58
43
128
1 85
3
2
10
10
-
Hoel
Koller
Sartorius
Solheim
Werenskiold
l
-
Total
-
-
32
2
6
-
-
134
1 04
261
207
1 26
698
32
35
l
-
-
6
10
9
1 16
71
247
274
1 62
754
I
3
20
t:: v
0$
- v
0... "0
-
2
3
24
I
-
10
-
-
-
-
I
-
1 483
995
8
6
7
14
2
9
17
18
7
8
61
1 487
-
-
-
-
6
17
7
30
-
-
-
I
I
20
38
20
38
-
-
49
4
3
-
12
1 141
8
4
-
-
-
502
2
67
10
23
17
335
50
-
-
-
-
0$
V
t-.
<l;
58
5
-
-
3
18
8
16
4
-
-
-
....
.",
U
4
1
-
-
00
t::
00
t::
22
-
-
-
::l
.o
11
-
-
E
.:.::
cio
-
25
3
30
I
-
-
-
10
-
-
1 1 082 1 7256 1 292 1 392 I 64
Total
-V ....El
-
-
25
34
36
43
21
18
29
36
33
0$
v ....
:;:; 0lJ
0$
-
-
Photogr.
sea stations
Number of
Sta- Photo tions grams
00 0-
-
-
-
1
7
9
13
'�
_ .�
.c
-
-
18
5
9
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
-
00 »
t:: :::;
o 0$
-
4
6
Åskheim
Koller
Luncke
Sartorius
Solheim
I
-
1 33
1 64
86
356
Photogr.
stations de·
termined
graphically
Number of
� ta- rhoto tJOns grams
56
20
29
13
Total
1 925
76
00
E
t:: 0$
00
2
2
2
Total
1 924
2 13
26 1 78
1 4 89
27 202
7 46
�
.
5
6
2
Total
1 923
I
-E
Hoel
Koller
Solheim
Werenskiold
Total
1 922
Trig. stations
with photo grams
Number of
Trig· PhotO.
st. grams
(continued).
a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
17
15
14
48
785
5
18
19
13
1 2 74
55
I 127 I 40 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 7893
Ny-Ålesund
l : 1000
1 92 1
Koller
Solheim
3
1
Total
1923
Gleditsch
Total
I
1
1 38
374
138
374
-
-
-
I 1 38 I 374 I
-
26
26
67
2
9
67
28 I 66 I
-
-
I
-
-
I
I
-
I
-
12
I
I
12
T H E N O RWEGIAN SVALBARD EXPEDlTIONS
85
1906 - 1926
X a (continued).
Year Topographers
m
t:
E
<fl
' 00
<fl
-<
Trig. stations
with photograms
Number of
Trig ' Photo.
st. grams
l
I
Bear-Island
l : 2000 and
l : 1 0 000.
Koller
Solheim
Werenskiold
1 922
3
l
l
To tal
Koller
Luncke
Solheim
1 923
4
2
To ta l
Koller
Gleditsch
Luncke
1 924
I
I
Maps
I
l
1 54
414
-
1 54
414
1 26
4
368
.-El
�
-
m
E
m '"
t::
0 51
'';:
:: o
"' _ o
m ..c:
. 0.
.�
....
<- ::l
f- o
68
-
-
-
l
3
9
-
287
79 1
<J.) . _
o
..c:
u -
l
9
I
I
'" '"
f- ø
-
68
Total
m
t::
-
368
9
E
o
24
-
3
a>
75
130
To ta l
<J.)
12
12
-
l
<-
2
59
14
-
-
m >,
t:: ::::
0';:; CJ
_ ..c:
m o.
<J.)
Photogr. o '"
stations de - ", ' termined
graph ically :!3 eOJJ
Number of '"
:: E
� ta- Photo· ", 2
hons grams 0.. '0
-
-
1 06
35
141
-
58
58
10
1 16
153
281
1
<-
t::
- <J.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
l
I
-
-
-
-
I
Photogr.
sea stations
Number of
Sta- PhotO'
I
tions grams
i
-
-
'
m
t::
-
-
-
1 2.64 1
4
-
4
8
Il
l
35
<-
-<
I I
3
11
'"
<J.)
'0;
U
-
35
m
t::
<-
24
11
eT
5
.o
8
-
-
-
-
E
-'"
-
1 20. 76
l
2
44.67
1 0 1 78.07
l : 2000.
X b.
Summary of Top ographical Field Work.
Year
1 90 6 - 07
1 90 9 - 1 0
191 1 - 14
1916
1 9 1 7- 1 8
1 9 1 9- 25
Expeditions
Prince Albert
of Monaco
and Isachsen
Isachsen
Hoel and
Staxrud
Hoel
Hoel and Røvig
Hoel
T otal
Trig.
stations with
photograms
Number of
Trig' l Photost. grams
I
-El
.
�
m >,
t:: -
�
<fl t:: e
o OJJ
.-
o
� o
w ..c:
. 0.
.� -+->
<- ::l
f- o
44
121
26 1
1 067
22
52
1 73
1 23 1
55
928
4879
58
3
26
312
8
1 34
1 027
Photogr. o C;
stations de- "' . Photogr.
termined
graphically :c; ;n sea stations
Number of
Number of -'"
E
Sta- PhotoSta- Photo - "'
tiuns grams 0.. '0 tions grams
:;::
_
<fl
<J.)
<-
<J.)
a;
E
o
<fl
t::
<J.)
o
..c: ._
<J.)
t::
-
u '" Ol
f- ø
360
1 23
50
14
141
17
49
532
1
<<J.)
(]j
141
I
1 1
1507 I 842 1 I 473 1 739 1
I
a
..c:
o.
'"
64 1
483 1 1 4 1 1
eT
<fl
::l
.o
t::
<fl
t::
<-
' 0;
U
9
31
35
1 26
20
65
25
1 03
8
65
15
1 57
64
2
65
305
1 38 1
E
-'"
'"
(]j
...
I
-<
3526
5348
1 929
-
1 645
5635
436 1 52 1 1 1 8083
86
ADOLF HOEL
XI.
Topographically Surveye d Areas.
(Map pag. 49).
The map were constructed on the scale of
Expeditions
Year
l: 50 000
Area
Prince Albert of North and east of Cross Bay and
south of Smeerenburg Bay and
Monaco and
Liefde Bay
lsachsen
Around Seven lee Mountains
Around Kings Bay
The northern part of Prince Char­
les Foreland
Reindeer Peninsula and country
Isachsen
on either side of Red Bay
West and south of Wood Bay
1 906
-
1 907
1 9091
1910
,,
-
Country north of Ice Fjord as
far east as Dickson Bay and as
far north as the Bar
Prince Charles Foreland
Hoel and
Staxrud
191 1
-
1912
1913
1913
1914
1
-
,,
,,
-
-
Country between Ice Fjord and
Bell Sound (Coles Bay, Green
Harbour and Fridtjof Glacier)
Country around Conway Valley
and Coal Mountain on the
north side of Lowe Sound
Northwards to Mt. Nordenski6ld
Coastal country between Coles Bay
and Advent Bay
Country north of the inner part
of Van Mijen Bay
Country on either side of Advent
Valley
}
and
l : 25 000.
I ToPOgraPhersl
Isachsen
A. Staxrud
Koller
Isachsen
Isachsen
Isachsen
Isachsen
Koller
Laurantzon
Isachsen
Koller
Haavimb
Isachsen
Koller
A . Staxrud
Laurantzon
Haavimb
Isachsen
Koller
Laurantzon
A. Staxrud
Koller
Hoel
A. Staxrud
Koller
Koller
1 Koller
A. Staxrud
Koller
Area
in sq. km.
1 930
41 1
1 058
1 27
1 596
772
836
32 1 8
522
5348
805
620
74
1 28
202
302
1 0 803
87
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
X I (continued).
Year
Expeditions
Area
1 9 1 7 Hoel and Røvig Country east of Advent Bay
1918
South and east of Horn Sound
and the greater part of the coun­
try between Horn Sound and
Bell Sound
1919
Hoel
Country between South Cape and
Horn Sound including supple­
mentary surveys in 1 920
Between Cape Lyell and Cape
Klaveness
1920
Country around the upper part of
Conway Valley
Country around Van Keulen Bay
1 921
- ,, -
1 922
- ,, -
1923
1 924
1 925
1 92 1 \
1923 1
1 922
1 923
1 924
}
Country south of Sassen Bay
South of Van Mijen Bay
Area on the north side of the same
fjord east of Blue Hoek
At Cape Ahlstrand
Country south of the inner part
of Advent Bay, including some
survey work from 1 9 1 6
West coast o f the country between
Bell Sound and Ice Fjord. In­
cluding some survey work from
1 9 1 3 and 1 9 1 7
Two small valleys between Coles
Bay and Bear Valley
Area on the west coast at Cape
Klaveness
Country around Temple Bay and
Klaas Billen Bay
Country north and east of Bra­
ganza Bay towards the upper
parts of Advent Valley and Sas­
sep Valley
Ny - Alesund l : 1 000
Bear Island 1 1 0 000. (In this area
is also included maps I : 2000
in all , 14.26 sq. km. whereof
1 2.64 sq. km. were surveyed in
1 !.l22)
:
ITOPOgraPhers I
Koller
Koller
Solheim
Gløersen
Hoel
Werenskiold
Holst
Koller
A. Staxrud
Solheim
Hoel
Werenskiold
Koller
A . Staxrud
Solheim
Werenskiold
Koller
Olav Staxrud
Koller
Solheim
Olav Staxrud
Hoel
Werenskiold
A. Staxrud
Koller
Solheim
Werenskiold
Koller
Werenskiold
Solheim
Koller
Solheim
Sartorius
Gleditsch
Area
in sq. km.
BIF 1 0 803
1 15
1530
788
207
345
995
892
250
1 487
427
35
40
502
I 260
Sartorius
Gleditsch
7
Werenskiold 68
Koller
Sartorius
Solheim
Werenskiold
Koller
Luncke
Sartorius
Solheim
Koller
Solheim
Gleditsch
Koller
Luncke
Solheim
Gleditsch
Werenskiold
67
335
785
1 274 1 7 893
-
12
1 78
Total 18 083
ADOLF
HOEL
X I I a.
Hydrographically Surveyed Areas and Lengths of Danger Line.
Year I
When not special!y mentioned the scale is 1 : 100 000.
(Map p. 50).
Danger line in km
area
Hydrographers 6 m. 10 m. 20 m. I Surveyed
Field
in sq. km.
1 907 Hamburger Bay 1 : 12 500
1 909 Kings Bay and Foreland
Sound north of The Bar,
1 : 200 000
1 909 Blomstrand Harbour
l : 25 000
1909 Ferrier Haven l : 25 000
1 909 Farm Haven l : 25 000
1 91 0 Foreland Sound south of
The Bar, l : 200 000
1910 Vulkan Haven l : 25 000
1 9 1 0 Green Harbour
1 9 1 0 Hecla Haven 1 : 25 000
1 9 1 0 Finnes Haven 1 : 25 000
1 9 1 0 Norske Haven, Bear Island
1 : 25 000
1 9 1 3 Røvig Shoal and northward
to Festningen
1 9 1 4 Entrance to Ice Fiord
1 9 1 4 Along the coasts of Green
Harbour
1 9 1 7 On and around Sentinel!e
Bank
1 9 1 7 Off St. Hans Islels
1 9 18 The south side o f Ice Fiord
between Green Harbour
I
and Advent Bay
Isachsen
Hermansen
jørgen
jørgen
Hermansen
Hermansen
Hermansen
jørgen
Hermansen
Hermansen
jørgen
Jørgen
Jørgen
Hermansen
Røvig
Røvig
Røvig
Røvig
Røvig
Røvig
1919
1920
1920
1920
1 920
Hermansen
Hovdenak
Hermansen
Gjertsen
} Gjertsen
Hermansen
Hermansen
Gjertsen
1918
1 921
1 921
1 92 1
1922
1923
I T h e n orth s i d e of B e l l S o u n d
From Horn Sound to Bel!
Sound. Deep soundings
From Cape Keilhau to
Hovdenak Shoal
Horn Sound
At St. Hans Islets
From Cape Daudmann to
Gudrun Islet and the
Southern entrance toForeland Sound
West and south of Prince
Charles Foreland
Inner parts of Ice Fiord
At Loweness and Reinius
Islands
South Haven, Bear Island
l : 1000
East, south and west of
South Cape.
Røvig
}
Hermansen
Gjertsen
Thorkelsen
Hermansen
Gjertsen
Thorkelsen
Iversen
Hermansen
Hagerup
E. Kjær
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
10
7
8.4
1 0.8
-
-
7.4
--
649
-
2
-
l .S
1 .5
6
-
-
-
-
1 6.5
41
-
-
I
-
59
-
49
26
-
I
-
17
-
24
-
-
--
293
28
��
-
-
-
-
5 3 .5
-
-
-
0.8
699.6
682.3
228
32 1
953
255
��
96
-
-
-
0.8
28.0
0.9
1 .0
2.6
1 0.5 1 5 1
1 00 1566
-
-
1 130
33
1 5.5 1 1 2
�-
35 1
3329
1 84 1
1 27 2767
-
-
-- ---
37
673
1 80.5 509.5
664
41
--
528
3472
0.76
1 1 878.46
89
T H E N O R W E GI A N S V A L BA R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906 - 1 926
Year
I
XII a (conti nued).
Field
I
I Hydrographers Danger line in km. Surveyed area
6 m. 1 1O m. I 20 m. in sq. km.
I
1 923 From South Cape to Bel! Hermansen
Sound, mostly within the R. v. Krogh
Hagerup
danger line
Thorkelsen
E. Kjær
1 923 At Cape Martin and Røvig Hermansen
Shoal within the danger Hagerup
E. Kjær
line
1 923 At Tundra Bay mostly within R. v. Krogh
Thorkelsen
the danger line
1 923 South of Finnes Haven, Hermansen
Hagerup
Green Harbour
E. Kjær
1 923 South of Prince Charles Hermansen
Hagerup
Foreland
E. Kjær
1 923 West of Prince Charles Hermansen
Hagerup
Foreland
E. Kjær
1 923 West and north of Prince Hermansen
Charles Foreland, mostly Hagerup
E. Kjær
within the danger line
1 923 From Cape Mitra to Ham - Hermansen
burg Bay, mostly deep Hagerup
E. Kjær
soundings
Hermansen
1 923 Around Quade Hoek
Hagerup
E. Kjær
1 923 Ny- Å lesund, plan of the Hermansen
Hagerup
harbour, l : 25 000
E. Kjær
1 923 St. Jolln's Bay and south- R. v. Krogh
ward to Smal! Skerries Thorkelsen
1 923 The west side of Foreland R. v. Krohg
Sound soutllwards from Thorkelsen
Point Poole
1 924 Van Keulen Bay
Hermansen
R. v. Krohg
Thorkelsen
1 924 At Loweness
Hermansen
1 924 From Eidem Bay to Small Hermansen
R. v. Krogh
Skerries
Tllorkelsen
1 924 On either side of Fore- Hermansen
land Sound between St. R. v. Krogh
Johns Bay and The Bar Thorkelsen
1 924 On either side of Fore- Hermansen
land Sound north o f The R. v. Krogh
Tllorkelsen
Bar
924 Head and north side of Hermansen
R. v. Krogh
Kings Bay
1 924 Sassen Bay and Temple Bay Hermansen
R. Krogh
Thorkelsen
37
-
1 80.5 509.5
1 1 878.46
19 623
10
-
59
-
-
3
-
-
-
44
2
-
55
-
314
14.5 139
-
-
33
410
-
6.5
15
40
-
4.5
-
-
50.5
18.5
-
82.5
-
-
15
-
4. 1
60
30
-- 2308. 1
9.5 243
-
-
3
15
-
96.5
- 266
-
59
1
-
69.5
83.5
68
- 33 1
-
v.
---
37
679.5 601 .5
131
--
1 057
--
1 5243.56
90
Year
1 925
1925
1 925
1 925
ADOLF HOEL
I
X I I a (conti nued).
I
I
I
Danger line in km.
area
Hydrographers 6 m. 1 0 m. 20 m. I Surveyed
In
sq.
km.
I
I
I ·
15243.56
37 679.5 60 1 .5
218
Hermansen
86
Klaas Billen Bay
Schulz
Thorkelsen
Bredsdorff
I
1 84
60 1
Ekman Bay, Dickson Bay Hermansen
Schulz
and North Fjord
Thorkelsen
Bredsdorff
24
59
Hermansen
Cold Harbour
Schulz
Thorkelsen
Bredsdorff
75 953
Hermansen
North of Cape Mitra
Field
I
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
--- ---
Total
1 9 1 7 SentinelIe Bank 40 m.
danger line
37
Røvig
973.5 60 1 .5
1 6 1 2.0
32.5
1 6 1 96.56
To tal length of danger line 1 644.5 km
1 9 1 8 A t Tunheim, Bear Island
l : 500
I
0. 12
Schive (for Bjørnøen A.S.l
To tal of area 1 6 1 96 . 68 sq. km.
X I I b.
Summary of hydrographically Surveyed Areas and Le n gths of Danger Line .
Year
------
1 907
1 909- 1 9 1 0
1 9 1 3- 1 9 1 4
1 9 1 7- 1 9 1 8
1 9 1 9- 1 925
Expeditions
�---4
Pri n c e A l bert of M o n ac o
and Isachsen
Isachsen
Hoel and Staxrud
Hoel and Røvig
Hoel
Danger line in km.
6 m . 10 m. 20 m. 1 40
-
37.0
-
-
m.
-
-
-
57.5 75.0
59.0 4 1 .0 32.5
857.0 485.5
Total � I� 60 1 .5 �I
-
-
-
-
-----
1 644 . 5 km.
XIII.
Beacons Erected.
Year
}
1912
1 91 2
1913
1 923
1 923
1923
1923
1924
I
Location
Erected by
On C. Daudmann
C. Linne
Sars Pt.
" Murray Pt.
" Brandal Pt.
" Vogel Hoek
Poole Pt.
A. Staxrud
{A. Staxrud
Røvig
Hermansen
Hermansen
Hermansen
R. v. Krogh
R. v. Krogh
Surveyed area
in sq. km.
0.8
138 1 .9
549.0
1304.0
1 2960.98
1 6 1 96.68
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D l T I O N S 1 906 - 1926
91
XIV.
Hydrographie Surveying
carried
out i n Svalbard
by Foreign Expeditions
with about the same Amount of Details as the Norwegian
H y drographie Surveying.
Year
1807
1818
1818
1818
1895
1 897
1 898
1899
1900
1 906/7
1 906/7
190617
1 906/7
1920
1 920
1920
1920
Expedition
Field
Bay
H. M. S. "Shannon" Magdalena
- H . M. S . "Trent"
,,
-- South Gat
,,
- Foul Pt.
"
Training Squadron Recherche Bay
Andree's Expedition Danes Gat
The Swedish Arc Beverly Sound
Measurement
Expedition
Prince Albert of Red Bay
Monaco
The Swedish Arc Norway Sound
and Sweden
Measurement
Sound
Expedition
Prince Albert of Cross Bay
Monaco
- Port Møller
,,
- Ebeltoft Haven
,,
-"
Port Signe
The Swedish Spits- Van Mijen Bay
bergen Expedition
1 920
- Axel Sound
,,
-- Maria Sound
,,
- Svea Bay
,,
I
Scale
Hydrographers
1 : 24 400
l : 73 300
l : 73 300
l : 73 300
l : 36 900
1 : 1 9 800
1 : 30 000
Captain P. B. V. Broke
Lieuts. J. FrankIin and
F. W. Beechey
"
- "
Lieut. J. P. Rolleston
and other officers
Lieut. G. Norselius
Mr. Harald Palme
30 000 Lieutenant Guissez
1 : 1 9 800 Lieutenant E. Arnelius
l :
Area
sq. km.
} 20
18
2
40
23
2
62
9
1 00 000 Lieutenant H. Bouree 1 66
- 8
1 : 1 2 500
,,
3
I : 1 2 500
"
-"4
1 : 1 2 500
1 : 1 20 000 Commander G. Reinius 477
and other officers
- 22
1 : 50 000
,,
- 30
1 : 50 000
,,
- -9
1 : 20 000
"
--Total 895
l:
Of this area about 700 sq. km (Cross Bay and Van Mijen Bayl have been surveyed
on the basis of Norwegian geodetic work.
The results of the surveys in 1818, 1 897 and 1 900 will be found on British Ad­
m i ralty c h art 3203 ; of t h e s u rveys in 1895, 1 898 on B r i t i s h A d m i ralty c h art 300, a n d
the results of the survey in 1 920 on Swedish chart 301 .
ADOLF HOEL
92
XV.
Oceanographic Work.
(Map
p
.
observer,
Year Expeditions,
vessel
1910
51
).
Sets of
Station observations
Section
F rom 74 ° 40' N, 1 62 l O ' E (west of
I sachsen
Island) towards W N W to 75°
Observer : A. Herman- Bear
45 ' N, 4 " 20 ' E
sen and J. Jørgen
From 75° 4 5 ' N , 4 ° 20 ' E towards ENE
H. M. S. "Farm"
to 76" 20 ' N, 1 3° 45 ' E
From 76 ' 5 6 ' N, I l C O ' E to the coast
north of Dunder Bay
From the coast north of Cross Bav
towards WSW to 7 S S ' N, 0 35 ' W
From 7S° o S ' N, O0 " 35' ' W southwards
to 7 7 I S ' N, 0 35 W
Fro m 77) 1 5 ' N, 0 ° 35 ' W towa rds
EN E, south point of Prince Charles
Foreland
From' Danskøya
towards NW to Slf
O N, S " 55 ' E
From° Magdalena
Bay
towards west to
'
79 33 ' N, S o 1 0 E
Single stations
)
Hoel
Westwards from Bear Island 92.5 n. m'
Observer: Olaf Devik Baek to Bear Island
M!C Ringsæl
From Bear Island to South Cape
Verlegen Hoek due north 56a n. m.
thenee
towards N E to S l 29 ' N ,
1 9 ° 20 ' E
From l ee Fjord due west 65 n. m.
"
"
I
1 923
S i n gl e stati o n s
Hoel
From Red Bay
northwards to SO° 4 4 '
Observer : L. Hagerup,
N, 1 1 0 I S ' E
A . Hermansen,
From the iee edge SOo 5 1 ' N, 1 50 25 '
E. Kjær
E toward SSE to Hinlopen Strait
H. M. S. "Farm"
From° Amsterdam
Island due west to
79 4S ' N, 6° 1 5 ' E
From the mouth
of lee Fjord west­
wards to 77° 54 ' N, 9 ) 47 ' E
Observers : R. v. Krogh, Single stations
K.Thorkelsen, A. Hoel
MiC "Blomstersæl" I
5
'
I
1 922
6
I
l
I
53
42
3
2S
7
91
2
34
S
1 17
2
24
2
21
11
1 13
46
I
5 23
6
1
3
4
2
41
S
12
42
25
5
52
52
29
232
5
35
5
33
4
41
4
32
9
73
27
214
S
93
T H E N O RW E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
xv (continued).
Leader, observers,
ve s s e l
Y e ar
H oe l
v. Krog h ,
O b s e rve r :
and
A . H e rm a n s e n
Thorkelsen
H.
S . " Farm"
1 924
K.
M.
R.
Section
I
O bserve r : K . T h o r k e l s e n
" B l o m stersæl"
1 925
I
Hoel
O bserve r : K.Thorkelsen
H.
S. " Farm "
M.
E
to 76 "
From N o rway I s l a n d d u e west to 7 9 °
48 ' N , 6° 1 5 '
From N o rway I s l a n d n orthwards t o
80 " 1 9 ' N , 1 2 " O '
From I c e Fjord w estward s to 7 7 ° 55 '
N 8' 1 7 '
S i n g l e stati o n s
E
MIC
I
From B e a r I s l a n d w e stward s
3 ' N , 1 5° 1 8 '
S i n g l e stations
E
E
From t h e n o rth coast of Spitsbergen
i n 7 9 ° 58 ' N , 1 2° O ' E n o rthwards
to 80 ° 28 ' N , 1 2° O ' E
From 80° 2 8 ' N, 1 1 ° 5 '
w estwards
to 80 ° 2 5 ' N . 9 ° 1 0 ' E
E
O b serve r : P. Bredsdorff Bear I s l a n d - South Cape
°
A m sterdam I s l a n d westwards t o 79
and K . Thorkelsen
45' N , 60" O'
H.
S. " Farm"
n o rthward s
From 7 9 ° 4 5 ' N , 6° 0 '
°
8' E
t o the i c e edge 80 2 5 ' N,
"
F r o m the i c e edge 80 54 ' N , 1 2 ° O '
to N o rway I sland
From H i n l o p e n Strait to th e i c e edge
80 " 43 ' N, 1 7 ° 1 0 '
e
Fro m 80 43 ' N , 1 7 ° 1 0 '
to N orway
Island
°
From I c e F j o rd we stwards to 77 54 '
N , 8° 1 2 '
S i ngle stat i o n s
E
M.
E
E
E
E
9°
E
I
I
I
Stat i o n
S e ts o f
o b s e rvations
6
44
2
12
5
57
3
20
6
57
5
50
27
240
7
50
3
37
10
5
62
58
2
26
6
53
6
43
3
25
8
83
5
42
55
479
94
ADOLF HOEL
XVI.
Number o f Photographs i n the Records o f Norges Svalbard- og
Year
1 906
1 907
1 908
1 909
1910
191 1
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
I
Ishavs- undersøkelser ( 1 926).
Photos for
surveying
299
357
455
86 1
383
484
223
244
55
I
Ph otos for
other purposes
26
1 27
70
485
345
88
216
91
63
61
56
I
Year
I
1917
1918
1919
1 920
1 92 1
1 922
1 923
1 924
1 925
1 926
Total
�
I
Photos for
surveying
I
268
675
586
922
769
501
762
742
754
9340
-1
Photos for
other purposes
329
132
141
1 61
202
202
279
43 1
1 70
54
3729
-
1 3069
XVI I .
Summary of Papers and Maps Published in 1 9 1 1 - 1 929.
Resultats des Campagn es scientifiques accomplies
sur son yacht par Albert l e r Pri n c e Souverain d e
Monaco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In Expedition Isachsen au Spitsberg 1 909 - 1 9 1 0,
Resultats scientifiques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....
In Publications des Expeditions N orvegi ennes au
Spitsberg 1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 4 sous la d i rection d e Arve
Staxrud et d e Adolf H o e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
In Resultater av de N orske Statsunderstøttede Spits­
berge n eksped itioner and Skrifter o m Svalbard og
I shavet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maps
Text
figs.
Pages
Plates
38 1
88
3
369
60
12
57
33
13
4
3
1 387
205
32
276
In
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Giving a total o f 37 papers with 2 1 70 pages, 366 plates, 51 maps and 336 text
fi & ures.
95
T H E N O RW E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
XVI I I a .
Contributions
( i n N orw. kroner) .
The N or­ Scientific
wegian funds and
Govern­
institu­
m ent
tions
Expeditions jitted out by Prince A lbert oj
Monaco and led by Capta in G. [sachsen,
1 906 and 1 907 :
Pri nce Albert o f M onaco . .
1 9061 907
Hoel 's expedition
..............
-
1 ----
1 908 :
-
I
Total
90 000.00
---- 1 -------1
9 0 0 00. 00
500.00
Mineralogical l n stitute o f the U n i versity, Oslo
Det Nors k e Kulkompagn i e Ltd , Green H ar2 000.00
bour, through M r. F . H i orth , Director, Oslo
Mr. Elias Kiær, Merchant, Fredrikstad . . . . 1
11
5 00 .00
_____ 1.____ ______
1 908
500.00
Isachsen's expeditions
1 909
I
1 910
Private
subscri­
bers
1 909
and
O.
.
3 000.00
25 000.00
9 254 . 1 0
5 000.00
5 000.00
5 000.00
5 000.00
2 500.00
1 000.00
4 1 4.00
.
.
2 500.00
1910 :
Government grant for the expedition (Ministry of C h urch Affairs and Education) . . .
Govern m e n t grant for the vessel ("Farm")
(Ministry of Defence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r. Carl Løvenskiold, ex-Prime Minister,
Vækerø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Alfred Larsen, M erchant, Oslo . . . . . . .
Mr. Haaken Math iesen, Landowner, Eidsvoll Verk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. A. J. Jacobse n , Merchant, Fredri kstad . .
Mr. P. M . A nker, Landowner, Halden . . . . . .
Det N orske Kulkompagni e Ltd, Green H arbour, through Mr. F. H i orth , Director, Oslo
Mr. Chr. Anker, Merchant, Halden . . . . . .
Government grant for vessel ("Farm") (Min istry of Defence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nansen Fun d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H . M. King H aakon V I I and H . M. Queen
Maud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Carl Løvenskiold, ex- Prime Minister,
Vækerø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Alfred Larsen, M erchant, Oslo . . . . . . .
Mr. Arthur Math i esen, Merchant, Fredrikstad
Det N ordenfjeldske Dampskibsselskab,
Trondh j e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Th. Sch j e l derup, Merchant, Oslo . . . . . .
Lieutenant-Colonel H . H o fgaard, Lier . . . . .
Mr. Fred. Olsen, Shipowner, Oslo . . . . . . . .
Mr. H . Olsen, Consu l-General, Oslo . . . . . .
Mr. Rasmus Meyer, M erchant, Berge n . . . .
Mr. Thor Dahl , Shipowner, Sandefj ord . . . .
O. A. H . , Oslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr.
H . H olta, Merchant, N otodden . . . . .
"
I
90 000.00
8 74 1 . 58
2 500.00
1 000.00
5 000 .00
1 000.00
1 000.00
1 000.00
.
C IF
I
1 000.00
1 500.00
1 000.00
000.00
1 000.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
1
1 ---- 1 ---- 1 ----
42 995.68
2 500.00
39 9 1 4 .00
--
--
93 000.00
96
ADOLF HOEL
X V I I I a (continued).
The N or· S c i e n t i ft c
fu nds a n d
wegian
i n stitu·
Govern·
tions
ment
Year
1910
B/F
Mr. W . N ygaard , P u b l i sher, O s l o . . . . . . . . .
M r . C. N e u fe l d t, C o n ,; u l · G e n eral, W i e n . . .
Mr. C. R o b ertson , C o n s u l , H a m m erfest . . .
Mr. A n d reas L ø v l i e , M e rchant, O s l o . . . . . .
An onymus, Sand efj o rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H . H olta, Merchant, S k i e n . . . . . . . . .
Mr.
M r . H a n s A. M eyer, t,1 erchant, Mo in Ranen
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r . Carl Løve n s k i o l d , ex· Prime M i n i ster, a n d
Mrs. Løve n s k i o l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The N o rw. Govern m ent : S u p p l e m e ntary grant
( M i n i stry of C h u rch A ffairs a n d Education)
U n iv. j u b i l e e Fund : For fi l i ng p h otogra p h i c
material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private
s u bscri·
b e rs
39 9 1 4 .00
1 000.00 r
250.00
250.00
250.00
200.00
200.00
1 00.00
2 500.00
42 995.68
H.
191 1
1913
1916
1916
191 11
1916
1914
1916
600.00
! O 507 . 55
800.00
N ansen F u n d : For printing p u b l i cations . .
1 2 442.90
M r . I . N . S e l i gm a n , B a n k e r, N e w ·York : For
1 90.00
b i n d i n g p u b l i cati o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. H . H o lta, M e rchant, S k i e n : For b i nd i ng
p u b l ica ti o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---- --5 00
. 00
. __ 1 .___
___
_1
1
1
53 502.23
1 6 342.90 1 47 354 .00 1 1 7 200. 1 3
Govern m e n t grant fo r the e x p e d i t i o n ( M i n i ·
stry o f C h u rch A ffai rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r . Carl Løve n s k i o l d , ex· Prime M i n ister,
and Mrs. Løve n s k i o l d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lieutenant·C o l o n e l H. H o fgaard , L i e r . . . . .
Miss Harriet Wedel j a r l s b erg, Bæru m s Verk
M r. C h r. A n ke r, M e rc h ant, H a l d e n . . . . . . . .
Mr. D. Cappe l e n , C h a m berlai n , U l efoss . . . .
M e ssrs. C h r. N i e l s e n & C o . , Larv i k . . . . . .
M r . Lars C h ristensen, S h i p o w n e r, Sand efj o rd
M r. G u n n a r K n u d s e n , ex· Prime M i n ister,
Borgestad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A l S Fram n æs m e k . Verksted, through M r. O .
Wegger, M a n ager, San d e r'j ord . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. J oach i m G r i eg, C o n s u l , B e rgen . . . . . .
Dr. W i l h e l m H olst, Tromsø . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r . W. N ygaar d , P u b l i sh e r, O s l o . . . . . . . . .
M r. j ørgen C. K n u d s e n , S h i powner, E i d anger
Mr. johan Bryd e , Consul, Sandefj ord . . . . . .
Mr. Thor Dah l , S h i powner, S a n d e fj o rd . . . . .
Tønsberg H va l fangerse l s k a p , Tønsberg . . . . .
Bugge , C o n su l , Tønsberg . . . . . . . . . .
Mr.
M r . C. Robertson, C o n s u l , H a m m erfest . . . .
I
1 5 000.00
5 000.00
1 000 .00
1 000 00
1 000.00
500.00
400.00
200 .00
200.00
F.
15
Hoel a n d Staxrud 's expeditio n 1 9 1 2 .­
1912
93 000.00
4 500.00
Hoel and S taxrud ' s expedition 1 9 1 1 .­
191 1
Total
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200.00
200 .00
200.00
1 00.00
:
--- ------ 1
00.00
1 1 2 00 .00
�
Govern ment grant fo r the exped i t i o n ( M i n i ·
stry o f C h u rch A ffa i rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N ansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 0 000 .00
C/F
1 0 000.00
I
·
1
26 200 . 00
1
I
1 000 .00
l 000 00
236 400. 1 3
97
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906 - 1 926
XVI I I
a
(continued).
Year
1912
1913
BIF
Mr. Carl Løven skiold, ex-Prime M i n i ster, a n d
M r s . Løve nskiold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Elias K iær, Merchant, Fredrikstad . . . .
Miss H arriet Wedel Jarlsberg, Bærums Verk
Lieutenant-Colonel H . H ofgaard, Lier . . . . .
Mr. Chr. A n ker, Merchant, Halden . . . . . . . .
Professor Dr. J ohan Kiær, Oslo . . . . . . . . . .
Supplement to State grant for the expeditions
191 1 -1912 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
Tho N ,,- Scientific
weglan fu nds and
G overn ­
i n stitu­
ment
tions
1 0 000.00
Private
subscri­
bers
Total
1 000.00
236 400 . 1 3
5 000 .00
1 000.00
1 000.00
1 000.00
1 000.00
500.00
5 000.00
1 5 000.00
1---- 1---1 000.00
9 500.00
25 500. 00
Hoel and Staxrud's expedition 1 9 13 :
1913
Govern ment grant for th e expedition (Min istry o f C h u rc h Affairs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 000.00
Det N orde n fj eldske Dampskibsselskab,
Trondh j e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Estate of the l ate Mr. Chr. Anker, Halden . . .
Miss Harriet Wedel Jarlsberg, Bærums Verk
A nonymus, Oslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J'\'1 r. W. Nygaard, Publisher, O slo . . . . . . . .
_-__ __- _
_ _I
1
1_
.
1 0 000.00
1 000.00
1 000.00
1 000.00
250.00
200.00
3 450.00
1 3 450.00
Hoel and Staxrud's expedition 1 9 1 4 :
1914
Government grant for the expedition (Min istry of C h u rch Affairs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 000.00
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:
1
1
.
.
.
Hoel 's expedition 1 9 1 5 :
1915
0
1 _0_
. 0_
0_
0_
____ __
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
lS
000.00
1 000.00
I
_
_
_
_
1 6 000.00
l 000.00
1 000.00
Grant for working up the m a terial and for
publishing results :
1916
1914
1917
1918
Govern ment grant for the working up o f
t h e material from t h e expeditions 1 9 1 1 1 9 1 4 ( M i n i stry o f C h u rch Affairs) . . . . . .
Nansen Fund : For p u b l i s h i ng a paper
deal ing with the resuIts o f the expedition
in 1 9 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government grant for the working u p o f the
material from the expeditions 1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 4
Univ. J u b i l e e Fund : Filing ph otographic material from the expeditions 1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 6 . . 1
5 000.00
l 305.80
3 000.00
-
1
500 .00 _
____ 1 ___
l 805 .80
____ __
8 000.00
9 805 .80
Hoel 's expedition 1 9 1 6 :
1916
liS Advent Bay K u l felt and AlS Sval bard
Kulgru ber, Oslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-
-
5 000 .00
1 ---- 1 ---- 1 ----- 1
5000.00
5 000.00
3 0 7 1 55.93
CIF
7
98
ADOLF HOEL
�
X V I I I a (continued) .
h e N o r- S c i e n t i fi c
fu n d s and
wegian
Governi n stitu tions
ment
Year
Hoel
1917
a n d Røv ig ' s
expedition
Private
subscri­
b e rs
Total
307 1 55.93
B/F
19 1 7 :
Govern m e n t grant for the expedition ( M i n i stry o f C h u rch Affai rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 0 000.00
I l S Spitsberg e n M i n e ra l , Tønsberg, through
the fol l o w i n g m e mb e rs :
Mr. H arry B o rth e n , S h i powner,
Oslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. G u l l i k j e n s e n , S h i p o w n e r,
Tønsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
Mr. j o h . G m e i n er, Director, Tønsb.
Mr. H a n s M. Vik, M erchant, "
"
Messrs. N . Bugge ,
C apta i n H arald B e rg,
"
Mr. Lorentz B r u u n , S h ipowner,
Tønsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Thorvald B e rg, S h i powner,
Tønsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r . j ohan G u l l i ch s e n , D i rector,
Tøn s b e rg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. Carl B j ørnskau, M e rchant,
Tønsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r . A. Thorbjørnsen, S h i powner,
Tønsb erg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Mr. B i rger Rafe n , O ffi c e M a n ager,
Tønsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r. J. J. Thaulow, E n g i n e er, T n s b .
kr. 4 457 . 00
"
"
,,
"
,,
4457 .00
5842.70
5842. 70
4457 .00
4457 .00
"
4457,00
"
36 1 0 . 1 0
"
2685.90
"
1 805 . 70
"
888.50
"
"
888.53
888.50
1
4 4 737. 1 3
I 6 000.00
AlS K u l s p i d s , O s l o . . . . . . . . . . .. .-.-. -.
... .-. 3 000.00
_____
AlS De N orske K u l felter S p i tsbergen , B e rgen 1 --- __ 1
53 737. 1 3
1 0 000.00
Hoel
1918
1 920
a n d Røvig's expedition 1 9 1 8 :
G overn m e n t grant for the e x p e d i t i o n ( M i 1 0 000.00
n istry o f C h urch Affa i rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G overn m e n t grant for the expedition ( M i lO 000 .00
n i stry o f Agriculture) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 000.00
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Store N orske S p i tsberg e n K u l k o m p a n i A k t i e 1 5 000.00
selskap, Oslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 0 000.00
K i ngs Bay K u l C o m p . AlS, Å lesund . . . . . .
5 000.00
Mr. L o u i s H a n n evig, S h i p o w n e r, O s l o . . . .
1 000.00
M r . C h r. Castberg, S h i powner, Oslo . . . . . .
l 000.00
M r . H a l d o r V i rik, S h i powner, Sand e fj ord . .
1 000 .00
Mrs. Thrine G røn , S a n d e fj ord . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 000.00
Mr. W. G ulbrandsen, D i rector, Oslo . . . . . .
1 000.00
M r . Lars Thors e n , S h i powner, Sand efj o rd . . .
Mr. N . T. N i el s e n - A l o n s o , S h i p o w n e r,
1 000 . 00
S a n d e fj o rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
500 .00
M r . G u stav B. B u l l , S h i powner, O s l o . . . . .
Government grant, s u p p l e m e ntary ( M i n i stry
o f C h urch A ffa i rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1_
2_
5_
0_
0_
0_
. 00-!____ 1 _____ 1
45 000.00
C IF
1 000.00
3 6 500.00
63 737 . 1 3
82 500.00
453 393.06
99
T H E N O R W E G I A N SVA L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1926
XVII I
a
(continued).
The N or- S c i e n t i fi c
wegian
fun d s a n d
Governi n stitutions
ment
Year
Hoc/ 's expcdition 1 9 1 9 :
1919
1 5 000.00
1 5 748.41
1
Government grant for the expedition ( M i n i stry of C h u rch A ffa i rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government grant for the vessel ( " Farm")
(M i n i stry o f Defence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N ansen F u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Store N orske S p itsbergen K u lkompani Aktieselskap, O s l o . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . .
K i ngs Bay K u l C o m p . A lS, A l e s u n d . . . . .
Bjørnøen A . S . , Stavanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fors i k rings- A . S N orske G l o b us, O s l o . . . . .
1 000.00
20
10
5
2
1
1
30 748.41
Hoel 's expcdition 1 920 :
Total
4 53 393 .06
B IF
Government grant for the expedition ( M i n i stry o f C h u rch A ffa i rs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government gra n t for vessel ( " Farm") ( M i n i stry o f Defence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N a n s e n Fun d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Store N orske S p i ts bergen Kulkompani A k t i e selskap, O s l o . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
K i ngs Bay K u l C o m p . AlS, A l e s u n d . . . . . .
Mr. A. F. Klaveness , S h i powner, O s l o . . . . .
Forsi krings- A . S . G l o b u s , O s l o . . . . . . . . . . .
AlS K u l s p i d s , O s l o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M r. Louis H a n n evig, S h i powner, O s l o . . . .
Mr. J o h a n H agerup, M e rchant, Tromsø . . . .
1 9 20
Private
subscri­
b e rs
l 000.00
000.00
000 .00
000.00
500.00
000.00
000.00
500 .00
40 000.00
7 1 748.41
-----;----+1-- 1
4 0 000.00
36 9 37. 1 2
1 ---- 1
7 6 937 . 1 2
I 000.00
15
10
4
2
l 000.00
000.00
000.00
900.00
500.00
32 400.00
1 1 0 337 . 1 2
Hoc/ 's cxpcdition 1 92 1 :
Government grant for the
n i stry o f C h u rch A ffai rs) .
Govern m e n t grant for the
( M i n i stry o f Defe n c e) . . . .
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . .
expedition ( M i . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vessel ( " Farm")
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Store N orske Spitsbergen K u l ko m p a n i A k t i e -
50 000.00
26 377.59
l 000.00
selskap, O slo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K i ngs Bay K u l C o m p . A/S, Å lesund . . . . . .
N o rges R e d e rforb u n d , Oslo . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N . V. N e d erlandsche Spits bergen C ompagn i e ,
_ 1 __
Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ___
7 6 377 .59
l 000.00
1 6 000.00
6 680.00
5 000.00
4 250.00
31 9 30.00
1 09 307 .59
Hocl 's cxpcditio n 1 922 :
1 922
Govern m e n t grant for the expedition
( M i n i stry of Trade) :
Bear Island : Large -scale mapping, soundi ngs,
geological survey . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ 33 000.00
K i ngs Bay C o a l F i e l d :
a. Large-scale mapping 1 92 1
23 000.00
b . G e ologic. s u rvey 1 922 8 000.00 31 000 . 00
C / F 64 000_00
____ __ __
.
1 ____ 11 __ __
744 786. 1 8
1 00
ADOLF HOEL
XVI I I
1 922
(continued).
B/F 6 4 000.00
Area of A l S De n o rs k e K u l felter
Spitsberge n :
Exa m i n ation of coal-seams . . . . . .
Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 923
a
I
8 000.00
5 000.00
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • •
Govern m e n t gra n t, s u p p l e m e n tary ( M i n i stry
o f Trade) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government gra n t for the worki n g up o f
material from th e exped ition 1 922 (M i n i stry
o f Trade) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S c i e n t i fi c
fu n d s a n d
i n stitu­
tions
weglan
Govern­
ment
Private
subscri­
bers
Total
744 786. 1 8
7 7 000.00
1 000.00
1 1 322.90
3 1 200. 00
1 1 9 522.90
Hoel 's expedition 1 923 :
1 923
Th, Nm"
1 ____ 1 ___
__
1 000.00
1 20 522 . 90
Govern m e n t grant for the expedition
( M i n i stry o f Trad e) :
Bear Island : Large -scale m a p p i n g 65 000.00
K i ngs Bay C o a l F i e l d : G e o l ogical
survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 000.00
C onstruction o f l arge-scale map :
1 : 5000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I 600.00
Spitsbergen exped ition 1 923 . . . . 65 000.00 1 4 6 600.00
Govern m e n t grant for v e s s e l ( " Farm") ( M i n i stry o f D e fe n c e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furth e r Govern m e n t grants
(M i n i stry o f Trade) :
22 603.86
Work i n g up material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o • • •
C o l lecting Arctic log-books . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N ansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o • • • • • • • • • • • •
24 000.00
8 500.00
20 1 703.86
1 000.00
202 703.86
1 000.00
Hoel 's expedition 1 924 :
1 924
Govern m e n t grant for the expedition
(M i n i stry o f Trade) :
Bear I s l an d : D e e p d r i l l i ng, geologi cal survey . . o • • • • • • • o • o o o • • • 1 6 1 500.00
Spitsbergen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 77 500.00 33 9 000 .00
Govern m e n t grant fo r vessel ("Farm " ) ( M i n i stry o f D e fe n ce) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N an s e n Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 000.00
1 ---- 1 ----362 088.81
Hoel 's expedition 1 925 :
1 925
23 088. 1 8
1 000 .00
--
--
363 088 . 1 8
Govern m e n t grant for the expedition ( M i n i stry o f Trade) :
Bear Island : D e e p d r i l l i ng, geological survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 000.00
S p i ts b e rgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 8 000.00 243 000.00
Governm e n t grant for vessel ( " Farm") (M i n i stry o f Defe n ce) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24 1 28.91
1 ---267 1 28 . 9 1
C/F
1 000.00
1 000.00
268 1 28 . 9
1 699 230.03
101
T H E N O R W E G I A N S V A L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906 - 1 926
(continued).
a
XVI I I
The N or­ S c i e n t i fi c
fu n d s a n d
wegian
Govern ­
i n stitu­
ment
tions
Year
Total
1 699 230.03
B/F
Hoel 's expedition 1 926 :
1 926
Private
s u b scri­
b e rs
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 000.00
1
------ ------- -------
1 000.00
1
1 000.00
The Svalbard Expeditions 1 908-- 1 92 1
thro ugh M r . Hoe l :
For working up t h e collected material :
1 922
1 923
1 924
1 925
1 926
1 927
Government grant (M i n i stry of C hu r c h A ffai rs)
"
( M i n i stry o f Trade) . . . . .
::::::
25 000.00
I S 000.00
1 5 000.00
25 000.00
20 000.00
20 000.00
1 20 000.00
1 20 000.00
The SvalbardExpeditions 1 909- 1 9 1 2 thro ugh
Messrs. Holtedahl and Hoel :
For
1919
a
paper on t h e geology of N orthwest­
Spitsberge n :
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 ------
500.00
500.00
500.00
The Svalbard Expeditions thro ugh the Spits­
bergen Comm ittee of 1 9 1 8 of the M in istry
of Church Affairs :
For working u p , printing, a n d p u b l i s h i n g
papers d e a l i n g with the c o llected material :
1 92 1
1 922
1 923
1 926
N an s e n F u n d . . . . . . .
G o v e r n m e n t gra n t . .
. .
"
State Research Fund
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-,,­
�- ,, -
1 7 000 .00
1 5 000.00
2 000.00
5 000 .00
5 000.00
l O 000.00
---- 1 --·-32 000.00
---
22 000 .00
---
54 000.00
The Svalba rd Expeditions 1 906- 1 926 for
working up collected m a terial thro ugh
M r. Hoel :
1 927
1 000.00
Nansen Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
----
1 927
1 000. 00
1 000. 00
-- +-------+------ - -------
From the s u rplus of the State L ottery for
the years 1 928 - 1 932 ( M i n i stry of Finance) 250 000.00
I
2 1 25 730.03
ADOLF HOEL
1 02
XVI I I b.
Summary o f Cash Contributions.
Year
I
1 906/ 1 4 Expe d i t i o n s fitted out b y Pri n c e A l b e rt o f
Monaco a n d l e d b y Captain G . lsachsen
1 906 a n d 1 907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H o e l ' s expedition 1 908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 908
1 909/ 1 6 Capta i n G . Isachsen's expedition 1 909 a n d
1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoel a n d Staxru d ' s expedition 1 9 1 1 . . . .
191 1
1 9 1 2/ 1 3 H o e l a n d Staxru d ' s expe d i t i o n 1 9 1 2 . . . .
H o e 1 ' s exped i t i o n 1 9 1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1913
H o e l a n d Staxrud's expedition 1 9 1 4 . . . .
1914
H oe l ' s exped i t i o n 1 9 1 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1915
1 9 1 4/ 1 8 The Sval bard expeditions 1 9 1 1 / 1 4 ; G rant
fo r the working up o f the c o l l e cted
material a n d printing through M r . H o e l
and Mr. Staxrud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoel's expedition 1 9 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1916
H o e l a n d Røvig' s exped i t i o n 1 9 1 7 . . . . .
1917
1 9 1 8/20 H oe l and Røvig's exped i t i o n 1 9 1 8 . . . . .
H o e l ' s exped i t i o n 1 9 1 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1919
H oel's expe d i t i o n 1 920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 920
H o e l ' s exped i t i o n 1 92 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 92 1
1 922/23 H oe l ' s exped i t i o n 1 922 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H oe l ' s expe d i t i o n 1 923 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 923
H oel's expedition 1 924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 924
H oel's exped i t i o n 1 925 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 925
H o e l ' s exped i t i o n 1 926 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 926
1 922/27 The Svalbard exped i t i o n s 1 908/2 1 ; G rant
for the working up of the c o l l e cted
material through M r . H o e l . . . . . . . . . .
The Svalb ard expeditions 1 909/ 1 2 ; paper
1919
o n the geology o f N orth west. S p i tsbergen
through M r . H olte d a h l a n d M r . H o e l . .
I ll2 1 127 The Svalbard expeditions 1 908/26 ; working u p material and p r i n ti n g papers
through the Spitsberg e n C o m m ittee
o f 1 9 1 8 o f the M i n i stry of Church
A ffa i rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 927
The Svalbard expeditions W06/26 ; work i n g u p c o l l ected material through
Mr. Hoel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 928/32 Fro m the s u rp l u s o f the State Lottery
fo r working up a n d p u b l i s h i n g the
topograph i cal, geologi c a l , a n d oth e r
material col lected o n the expeditions,
through M r . H o e l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
T h e N orwegian
Government
S c i e n t i fi c
fu n d s a n d
i nstitu ·
tions
-
-
500.00
53 503.23
1 5 000,00
1 5 000.00
1 0 000 .00
1 5 000.00
1 6 342.90
-
1 000.00
1 000.00
8 000.00
1 805.80
-
1 0 000.00
45 000.00
30 748.41
7 6 937. 1 2
7 6 377.59
l i ll 522.90
20 1 703.86
362 088 . 1 8
267 1 28.91
-
1 20 000 .00
-
32 000.00
-
1 000.00
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
000.00
000.00
000.00
000.00
000.00
000.00
000.00
000.00
000.00
-
Pri vate
subscrib ers
I
I
Total
90 000 .00
2 500.00
90 000.00
2 500.00
47 354.00
1 1 200 .00
9 500.00
3 450.00
-
1 1 7 200. 1 �
26 200 .00
25 500.00
1 3 450.00
1 6 000.00
1 000.00
-
9 805.80
5 000.00
63 737 . 1 3
82'500 .00
7 ( 748 . 4 1
1 1 0 337. 1 2
1 09 307.59
1 20 522.90
202 703.86
363 088. 1 8
268 1 28.91
1 000.00
5 000.00
53 737 . 1 3
36 500.00
40 000.00
32 400 .00
3 1 930. 00
-
500.00
I
I
I
1 20 000.00
500.00
22 000 00
54 000.00
1 000 .00
1 000.00
250 000.00
250 000.00
1 708 0 1 0.20
54 1 48 . 70 363 57 1 . 1 3 2 1 25 730.03
---- ---- ----
1 03
T H E N O R W E G I A N S V A L BA R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906 - 1 926
XVI I I
y,,,
1 908- 1 926
1 909 - 1 920
Contributions in Kind, Free Fares and Freights.
I
I
C.
S c i e n t i fi c
fu n d s and
i n stitutions
T h e N orwegian
G overnment
I
Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Free fares and fre ights
on rai l ways . . . . . . . .
1 9 1 7- 1 923
-
-
Total
I
I
I
1 0 000.00
I
6 000.00
1 9 1 1 - 1 9 1 7\ Free fares and fre ights
o n steam ers . . . . . . . .
1 923 1 926j
Private
subscrib e rs
9 200 .00
8 800.00
"
-
1 4 800.00
I
I
1 9 200.00
I
34 000 .00
I
34 000.00
XVI I I d .
General Summary o f Contributions.
From 1 906 to 1 928 the N orwegian Svalbard Expeditions have re ceived :
Cash contri butions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contributions in k i n d . . . . . . . . . . . .
Free fares and fre ights . . . . . . . . . . .
.
1 708 0 1 0.20
.
-
.
54 1 48 . 70
363 5 7 1 . 1 3
1 0 000.00
9 200.00
24 000.00
382 7 7 1 . 1 3
2 1 59 730.03
-
1 4 800.00
54 1 48.70
1 722 8 1 0. 20
2 1 25 730.03
1 0 000 .00
Contributors in Kind.
The fol l o w i ng persons and firms have contri buted goods, prov i s i o n s , and services.
U nless oth erwise stated the persons a n d fi rms are of Oslo.
P. Aanonsen
AlS Olaf I . Aas, fre e transport
Adamsen & Laurantzon
j . A m u n d s e n , dried m i l k
C h r. Bj elland & Co., Stavanger, can ned food
B j ørnøen
A . C h riste n s e n , ( Ei n a r C h ristensen), pro-
C h r. Andresen A l S , paints
R i c h . Andvord, paper
A rctic C oal Co., Tro n d h j e m , coal
Armeens Arsenal, lent r i fl e s
visions
C h ristiania Glasmaga s i n , glass , etc.
AlS Coward & Thowsen, hardware
AlS
Armeens o g M a r i n e n s I n te n dantur, l e n t
t e n t s and other o u t fi t
H . Aschehoug & C o . , b o o k s
AlS . , S tavanger, coal, fares o n
steamers, fre ights
De
N orske
K u lfelter
Spitsbergen,
Berg e n . coal
Det
N orske
K u l kom pagn i e
Ltd .
Green
H arbour, v e s s e l for the exped i t i o n
A . Backer, fru it-j u i c e
AlS F r e i a C h o ko l a d e F a b r i k , c h o c olate
D e t Bergenske Dampskibsselskab, Berg e n ,
F ryd e n l u n d s Brygge ri, b e e r
steam s h i p fares
Fussel & C o . , H ol m estra n d , m i l k
1 04
ADOLF HOEL :
T H E N O R W E G I A N S V A L B A R D E X P E D I T I O N S 1 906- 1 926
C. G e i j e r & C o . , i r o n , ste e l , a n d tools
D e t N ordenfj eldske Dampskibsselskab,
A . Hansen, bread
N o rges Statsbaner, fre e trave l
Grøndahl & Søn, books
Tron d h j e m , stea m s h i p fares
H arald O h l s e n & C o . , prov i s i o n s
Brødre n e H ansen, clothing
A u g . P e l l e r i n F i l s & C o . , margari n e
Helly J . H an s e n , can vas
L. H. H agen & Co., skis, etc.
G u n n e r i u s Pette rs e n , c loth i n g
AlS H a lvorsen & Larsen Ltd . , paper, etc.
H auge s u n d Preserving Co., H augesund,
canned food
H . Poulsen & C o . , wine and iiquor
A l S R i n g n e s B ryggeri, b e e r
W i l h . Scheel & C o . , c l i c h e s , d i e s, e t c .
S c h e l l e r & C o . , c o rdage
F. W . H e nriksen, wooden boxes,
H j ort & R i s e r AlS, glass
Store N orske Spitsberg e n K u l kompani
C . H o uge T h i i s , Stavanger, can n ed food
J e n s e n & C o . , prov i s i o n s
Aktieselskap, coal, fares o n steamers,
fre ights
J o h . J o h a n n s o n , prov i s i o n s
Lars Swanstrø m , books
A l S Brødrene J ohnsen, draw i n g material
K i ngs Bay Kul Comp. AlS, Å lesund, coal,
Jul. B . Thomas s e n , coffe e
A l S Thunes m e k . V e rkste d , e n g i n e e r i n g
fares o n steamers, fre ights
J acob Kjøde AlS, B e rgen, steamsh i p fares
AlS Knudsen & B o m m e n , offi c e
material
C o n rad Langaard, tobacco
U n ited
Peter Larsen & Co., fl o u r
Stavanger,
Vesteraa l e n s Dampskibsselskab, Stokmark­
AlS F r . Meyer, b i s c u i ts
nes, steam s h i p fares
O. M ustad & S ø n , margari n e
Vestlandske Petro l e u m s c o m pagn i , B e rgen,
W. C . Møller, Dra m m e n , l i fe-saving j ackets
Spitsbergen
Com-
N estle & Anglo Swiss C o n d e n s e d M i l k C o . ,
condensed m i l k
Factories,
foods
Andr. R. L i n d , petro l e u m
pagn i e , Rotte rda m , coal
Sard i n e s
through Schou- H a n s e n & C o . , canned
AlS Lilleborg Fab riker, s o a p
N e d e rlandsche
work
Toftedahl & Co., bacon
Tønsb e rg S mørfabr i k , Tønsberg, margar i n e
P. A . Larse n , wine and l i quor
N. V .
AlS Sætre K j e ksfabrik, b i s c u its
petroleum
Westberg & Schj ærve
Ø r e n s M e i e r i , V ærdalsøre n , b u tler
AlS Østlandske Petro leumscompagn i ,
petrole u m .
I ngwald N i e l s e n , hard-ware
P r i n ted, N ovem b e r 20t h , 1 929.
S K R I FT E R
O M S VA L B A R D O G I S H AV E T
R E S U LTATER AV D E N O R S K E STATS U N D E R ST0TTE D E
S P I TS B E R G E N E KS P E D I TI O N E R
( R ES U LTS O F T H E N O RW E G I A N STAT E-SU PPORTED
S PITSB E R G E N E X P E D I T I O N S)
O S LO
Prices are quoted in Norwegian Currency
VOL. I
N r.
"
"
"
"
I . H O EL, A D O L F , The Norwegian Svalbard Expeditions 1906- 1 926. N ovember 1 929.
K r. 1 0 , 00 .
A V N,
P. j . , On the Mollusca of the Tertiary of Spitsbergen. l u n e 1 922. Kr. 1 , 60 .
2.
3. W E R E N S K I O L D. W. a n d I VA R O F T E D A L , A burning Coal Seam at M t. Pyramide,
Spitsbergen. October 1922. Kr. 1 , 20 .
4. W O L L E B Æ K , A L F , The Spitsbergen Reindeer. April 1 926. Kr. 1 0, 00 .
5. LYN G E , B E R N T, Lichens from Spitsbergen. December 1 924. Kr. 2,50.
6. H O E L , A D O L F , The Co al Deposits and Coal M ining of Svalbard (Spitsbergen and
Bear Island). july 1 925. Kr. 10,00.
7. D A H L , K N U T, Con tribu tions to the Biology of the Spitsbergen Char. M arch 1 926.
Kr. 1 ,00.
8. H O L T E D A H L, O L AF, Notes on the ·Geology of Northwestern Spitsbergen. May 1 926.
Kr. 5,5 0 .
9. LYN G E , B E R N T , Lichens from Bear Island (Bjørnøya) . May 1926. Kr. 5,80.
1 0. I V E R S E N , T H O R , Hopen (Hope Island), Svalbard. N ovember 1 926. Kr. 7 ,50 .
R
J.
l ! . Q U EN S T E DT, W E R N E R , Mollusken aus den Redbay- u n d Greylzookschichten Spitz­
bergens. December 1 926. Kr. 8, 5 0.
From N r. 12 the papers wiJl not be collected into volumes, but on ly numbered
consecutively.
N r.
"
"
"
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12. STEN S I O , E R I K A : S O N , The Down ton ian and Devonian Vertebrates of Spitsbergen.
Part I. Cephalaspidae. A. Te x t , and B. Plates. September 1 927. Kr. 60. 00 .
1 3. L I N D, j . , The M icromycetes of Svalbard. February 1 928. Kr. 6,00.
1 4 . A paper on tlze topographica l survey of Bear Islan d. ( I n preparation.)
1 5. HORN, G U N N A R and A N D ER S K . ORVIN, Geology of Bear Island. j uly 1 928. Kr. 1 5,00.
1 6. j E L S T R U P , H A N S S., Determ inations astronomiq ues. lune 1 928. Kr. 2 , 00 .
1 7. H O R N , G U N N A R , Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Kohle von Svalbard (Spitzbergen und
der Bareninsel). October 1 928. Kr. 5,50.
1 8. H O EL, A D O L F , Das Festungsprojil a uf Spitzbergen. Jura und Kreide. I. Vermessungs­
resultat e . ( I n the press.)
1 9 . F R E B O L D , H A N S , Das Festungsprojil a uf Spitzbergen . Jura und Kreide. I l. Die Strati­
graphie. December 1 928. Kr. 3 , 00 .
20. F R E B O L D, H A N S , Oberer Lias und un teres Callovien in Spitzbergen . jan uary 1 929.
Kr. 2, 50 .
ruary 1 929.
2 1 . F R E B O L D, H A N S , A mmoniten aus dem Valanginien von Spitzbergen. Feb
.
Kr. 4,00.
22. H EI N T Z , A N A T O L , Die Downtonischen und Devonischen Vertebraten von Spitzbergen.
Il. A canthaspida. january 1 929. K r. 1 5,00.
"
23.
"
24.
25.
H E I NTZ, A N AT O L , Die Downtonischen und Devonischen Vertebra ten von Spitzbergen.
May 1 929. Kr. 3,00.
H ER I T S C H , FRAN Z, Eine Caninia aus dem Karbon des de Geer-Berges im Eisfjord­
gebiet a uf Spitzbergen. March 1 929. Kr. 3,50.
A B S , OTTO, Untersuchungen tiber die Erniihrung der Bewohner von Barentsburg,
I l l . A canthaspida. - Nachtrag.
Svalbard. l u n e 1 929.
Kr. 5,00.
N o rges SvaJbard- og I sh avs- undersøkelser, Bygdø A l l e 34, Oslo.
A. W. B R Ø O G B H S
BOKTRYK K H R I
A ! S, O S L O

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