Bu‖etinofGlacierResearch5（1987）と汐州乃 ⑥DataCenterforGlacierResearch，JapaneseSocietyofSnowandlce （＃ノ On Tibetan．s view of nature Seen from a Tibetan dialcctspokenin Langtangva”ey Ayako Sadakane lnstitutpofAsianSrudies．A扇aL7nivcrsi（l，．TokyulさOJapan （ReceivedJa†luary20，1987；Revisedmanu蹴riptreceivedJanuary29，1987） tbe Lanがang Kbola．‡tis ＄u汀Ounded by high mounta主nsi‡lthreedirections．Thevaii呼OpenSOnly ThatTibethasaricbstockoftbelarlguageisnot tothewestwbereit‡ⅥeetStheBboteK壬10Si（iatertbe Surprising．Over thc centuries，Tibetans haveTrisuliKhosi），in the far northeast edge of Rasuwa pro血cedabighlyc（）mP王exreiigiousandpililosopbical DistrictinCentralNepal，tOWhicbacommunication OrBuddh主stconceptualvocabl扇ary，Witbwbichitis networkisopened．LangねngGaor箋PaIICわayat（viilage nowcapabieofcoin主ngnewwordscorrespondi咽tO tlOmnl川1it）「：；8tihoustlholders and・＝心inhこIbitalltさ amy tedmica重terms of modern times．On the o抽er accordingtoacensusDec．’S5）occupiesthree・ねurths hand，the Tibetan speaking 酢OupS Of Nepai ofthe餌Ilienがh ofthe valley．The socio−eCOnOmic Himalaya，theotherTibetanswhoareNepalicitizens， lives ofthe Langtangwas are based on thc transhu− Seem tO hこIVビhad a differ円1tline of（hビrUlturtゝfronl manceofYak，Cattleand払eirhybridsarld毀Tlalis（：ale theTibetans，． agricult11re：afewcereals，pOtatOandturnjp onthe TbosegrolユpS，dwe重Iinginもhebigb‡iima王aya，bad terrこ1t：edplainlt）CiltPdinthtlmiddkofthev；1‖e）・． beenfarfromthecenterofTibetanhistorya王1doutof 1．1ntroduction direct contact with Nepalese civilization until the middleofthiscentury，Whiletherecertainlyexisted SOmepO王室ticalpres＄ureSandcuituralinfiue王1CeSfrom the nortb a11d the s（）uth，They are on tbe whole た0−−tiersofbotbTibetandNepa量・7、わemoststriking ねatリアeoftbosegroupsliesintbatth野haveadapt感 their socio-economic lives into an environmenC isolaとedculturallyandgeographicallyfromtheotlter WOridandtheybavecastamodeltbere，andcreateda Llulture th；ltis sufficiビnt））T unique ontoitsLllf thatit WOu王dnotbewrongtoca王王it“ofNepalHimalaya”． This paper attempts to examine how s眠吏∂ culturaland environmentalisolation hadinfluenced upon their重anguage by givir噂am eXampie ofもbe Langtangwas（iiterary？lang−’phra咽“ba，peOpleofthe Lanがangvailey，軌e temdesignatedby班e peopie themselves），Orle Of the Tibetan speaking groups of Nep裏Himaiaya，f（）CuSSing on their viewpoints of natureandnaturalphenomena． 2．Background TheLangtangvalleyisasmallandsteepvalleyof 3．Tibetan’sview of nature and naturalphenomena AspresentedinLan離a堀Vocablユ1arya扶acbedto tbeendoftb量spaper，theirviewpointsofna餌reand naturalphenomena are closely connected witb geo− graphicalfeatures of the valley．There can be Observed some peculier expressions and some cate・ gories rich 童n vocabulary 主mplicati‡1g the隻r geo− grap圭1icalbackgrounds．Tbeir viewpoinもS Can be Classifiedintotwo：Onebasedonareligiousconcep− 如narldtbeotherbasedonモheiragro−paStOra＝ives一 J∼．J．ト／川やり／ナノ／∫わ仙1‘ノtり＝＝・tイむム）J／∫−…町伸血 A religion oftbe Langta喝Va里ieyis a complex One Which barmo‡lized Tibetan Blユddhism wiとb Shamanism．Sincea fair蔓ylongtimebeforethe first Settlergroup，Whowerepre▼Bliddhists，arrivedinthe Valley，the valley of Langtang had been one of the Budd‡1istチs sanctuaries，This traditio‡1is often con− Cernedin some kind of naturalphenomena，for exa王Ⅵp王e，a SnOW aVaiarlCbe kh云y6さ（cf Langtang Vocabulary王i）is beiieved to take piace whe†lthe Valleyis defiled byimmoralbehavior such as 翻 Bu呈まet呈n ofGlacier Research inもringue，SeXualinもercourse or pregnacy before marriage．TbesarlCtityoftbeval王eyisc（）mCeivedby tbeLanがangwastobe卯ardedbytberlumerOuSgOO（ま andev圭王spiritsi‡血aもiti喝tbee呈ementsofnaturesucb as rocks，pOrlds，and moumtains，Tbe Lanがangwas tben a8dre∬払ese eleヱ罰entS tlSi喝tbe names oftbe person妄fiedsp呈㌻主ts，Ⅵ職enaskedもhenameofacertain mountaim，ifaviilagerrep王iesusil唱t壬1egeneralname 抽aりOr抽室抑，We軌us㍊nderstandもbattぬemountain isnotbe】ieve（まtobepossessedbyaspirit． LANGTANG VOCABULARY ヽニり／l・ざ ＝One Tibetan diaま∝もSpOke王1如tbe Lan離ang Valまey圭stbesouca蔓i倶重Kyiro喝棋teraryskyid−酢0喝） D主alecもラtbe distriblユtion of wbicb exte‡1ds to tbe r主gbtupperbankof班e王一an離angKも0王a，COntiguo㍑S totbeleftupperbankoftbeBbote殿10Siqatertbe Tr主suま董Kbosifromitscom幻uenceo首班eLangもang 馳0まa）如m around the former Sky甘酢Ong Rdzo喝．Ås餌郎oftbeKy主ror王宮Diai∝tWaSdeもa主・ まedbyR．Beiinle主er（ま982〉，a‡1dtbep壬拍net主caiもrans− ユニユl’J川ゾいJJJかわ‘バH7棚√村れり｝（バ／りn′／／／ホ・ Tもe space of the 王Ja11離ang va主星ey まs geo− ecoまogica里重y ciassi鮎dinto sevencategories；gまac壬er， 8eもris・COVered gaic主er亨rOCk walま（upper parもS are Ofte王ICOVere（望 wi血ice），Liモtk‡ce Age 汀10raine， β〟／／ん7一佃l−（ム，−差リJか（りJft廿ビさt∴1鉦ざ・TIJ酬 一日￣ぐSt こ＝（1 g柑Zi‡1ggraSSiand（OnoandSadakane（198隠Oniytbe lastぬreecaとegoriesarea血pもab壬eねragro−paStOra− i主sm，Ⅵ流iie蝕eiargerpartoftbesurfaceof払evaiま野 isuseまessforthemassign浦edbyt王脚TISeives（cfI，ⅠⅠ， arld‡王I），‡tisobvioust壬1at tbまsgeoecoまgicaまfeature p王acesa physicallimiモaもion on tわeir socio−eCOnOmic ∬vesandhasagreatinf最enceson払eiroccupa如ns． A rit：h Lこl叩tani：＼TOt：こIbulこIt・lr r川1Cerni噸ゞlこIei（、r．for examp王e，a‡ldonthecontraryaverypoorontimeand asもronomyむf V）may s豆ggesもLarigtangWa＄｝view鵬 pointsofnatlirebasedontheira許0−paStOra＝ive5． Tbe Langtang Vocabulary of！lature and naturai pbenomena presented below bas the foま壬owing conサ tents； 1．J．√川諒l可−＝（（ごt、り〃Jい7減り／l軋l・ Cdptionpresenもed払洩ispaper払Ilowsbasまcaまiyhis SyStem． 2）T圭IeVOCabuまarycorrespondingtotbebasicterms Of natura王science suggestedわy tbe members oぎ GEN−LP（GlacioiogicaiExpedi如nofNepai−Lang− tangP頑ect1985【冊−8軋werecoilecもedw摘ewaまk血 1喝Wかぬviliagersthro噸haimosもai】tbete汀尭ories いr tIlビil一こl粁0−PaS†（1rこIlli＼でS C肌▼打illg rr川11こMOtlt（1 封1州111itlPle＼・こ1ti…1． 3）T、he written T、ibetan form correspondimg to a Tibぐt；”diこ1lt：dst：）Okeninthel．a哩t；1IlgVこ11ltナ〉▼isput inparen払eses．‡nsomecases，ariOunmayrefertoa SpeC主fic geophysicaifeat㍑re O三郎毒n certain里ocaル モions．In tbese cases，We壬1aVe g責ven one or紬0 モypicaiexampまes，Separaもed女omtbeEngiigbdeぎiniw tionbyasiaぬ．Tbecommonu鑓geandothera8di榊 もionna呈exp呈ana如ns to the vocabuia澤are given a隠eranobii卯e・ii椚e．1、hee‡融iesarea汀an酢≡dits Ordertoshowthederivationof洩evocabulary， 4）Trans（：ript董onoft壬1eWriもtenTiもetanfoまlows払e SyStemOfKitamuraandNishida（ユ960）． ∫り／／√J〃（J∫／lりJl、 ▲l’ibtユtaTlÅ1pllilh（ゝt k蓋 kba ga ん／荘川川川んJん川ルイノ㌫イ√／ 椚J／け．ノイJけ．J，r／仇し＼・‘川‘ノ（−〃汗Jy ll．（ご山tイ′▲J／（；l，り〃J（りフ減り／（抑・ 11L．・lメ■J￣ム7勅′ハ、しeご＼y√J／J榊／川ざ一7∫／け ぐ；l 亡lla jこl とa 払a da PこI pll；l hこI111a g V ″ a a a n n n tsa tsba dza Ⅵra l＼＼鮎、／押／い／一軒l、 漱釣瓶がみ痛感 Z払込 za ’a ya ra 主a sha sa バ〃l）町／；J／／刷イ日毎届／ lln こ1 J（イブJ（／ J（〃7ハリTJ／JJけ 1￣．rJ仙−ぷ．−h／川〃り〃J．l・ 511、Ilビft州小＼・i岬さこItでfr叫tl州叫・l・（、f（、l・Pd t（I：仁一lこ川g an8S圭1e鮎（1964），Das（ユ、902），Goldste呈nandNor罰ang （197軌 邦schke（1881），Les Missionnaries Caぬ0仙 iiques du Tibet（189乳′rurner（1981）and Zbu罰g く1985）， Sadakarle 7g paミ】ri（spangri）：gerltlegrassybiまりYala→ よ￡β光広ご砂g＆G紺研βゆ如わ甜 J（〉／／（川‘ノ∫／（り汀 S岳（Sa）：SOii，earth，酢Ound S為pc盈（sacha）：1and，COuntry，plac S羨もh豆kt豆k：grOund wね主cb ぬas a flat surfa（ニe Or もerraced fie主d ：・．・：∴．＼＼t・l．こ−：・ここ、√！ 野草bio（bye感i咽S）：Sandy te汀aCe，r主ver terrace／ Tsondu；also piace−name Of the terraced field lyillg betwee‡1Kyangchen and tbe Langta噸 Kboia・→（げAppe‡1dix）塾乃；p琶m畠di‡ldiり（wsdiれgS kyむt細雪skyt汀汰aTlgき：Sbrubberypiain／Chadang】→ Or Very COmmOniy seen alongside the river or SWamPOfthevalley th豆1n6mp：1evelland，plain，lowerland／Kathmandu b亭pt豆b9pt8：uneVe‡l呈arld，upSanddownsof鋭atpath， OraneXpreSS主0‡1forthedi鮪cuitpathwherebig StOneS and rocks hirider tbe とraveler from Waiki喝． l）（1d（ia：Slnこ111hill．pl■いjビしtillgll川 d亘りj云（感ingscha）：mOu11tainfoot dep捕り：まncliTlation，Slope Sdings）7upperGomna→ th王11flltll；Il）二finビSコIld．soi］．dus【 khさm畠：Steepa（：C壬ivity th由㌻はこSteepdeciivity br冬ゑ（brag）：rOCkyhill，rOCk け‘Jい◆，ナナ汀J■．…／／り・‘川√／り〃汀Jy C‡泊（cbu）：generaitermforwaとerandriver d9（rdo）：generaltermforstorまe ph畠m6：ablockofrock br学卒k否さ巨skad〉：VOiceofrock，Ⅴ主z．，∝ho ts軸b6（離Sa喝pO）：ia稽eriver／KyirongTsangbo： ぬeまocalnameof軌eBboteKbosi，Tsangbo：払e inYul；SOutbイacingr（）CkⅥ㍗al王of洩evaliey y豆rc豆（dbyarchu〉：S11mmerriver，intermitもelltriver／ br萱草g6雲脚mgO）：tOpOfrockymot‡ntair主 br挙婆ky軸穐raggyang）：rOCkwaii／Br卸が洩ang braa§er（bragser）：ye1lowrock，yeliowband ／J／／／．川（）J川山／J川JJ〔り7（イ‘ブ k塾8g翫（sgangrgyl王8巨ridge，aChainofmotln混ns ri（ril：ゞell廿；llterm for hi11，nlOu11tこIinbtlt nLlt Sntl＼ト CappedげⅠⅠ．kh挙り（gangs） r疫its倭n（rigibtSan）：peak of mountaれtsen of mountain げt療n（btsan）こaSPeCjesofdemon Ciassinbabiting a glVenioca旺y and s（）metimes enterjngintoapersonvisitingtheplaceforabrief perioく箋amdcausingthereafterserioljSi11ness．（Das P．1tl旧） rきg畠畠（riセag）：bighlands ia（la）：mOuntainpass l琴南pp哀（iad喝pa）：mOu雨ains主ckness 主琴曲pp畠l嬰ロト1arlg＄）：tOrisemountai】ュSickne∬ l挙がl蔓りgり（ladguiungd即）：ni‡iepaSSeSandnine Valleys or an expression for thelong and hard jour王1ey tOthe r110tlntainouscountrybeingaway 行川11hいI11ビ． 1苧ptS虔（lartse）：Su汀‡mitofamounta主npassandaiso StOpeSpiまedupaモモhepass，Ca重㌻王1 1琴ptS￠とs白pt豆㌻：inflectioripOinもOfa‡ⅥOuntairlarldaiso cairn piled at the point ぬ軸k畠（thang ka）：piain，fまat員e軋a馳viaipiainノ Nesapar…Tわallgka】→ p軸k義（spangka）：酢eenSWard†hi豊里meadow ノ′ll如1Tllel叫卜IllPll−叩仁一llぐこl（】しハ、−いー−−−i−■l‘t−「こIt−d alsoplace−name→ lし−ぐこIlⅢ1111ビ（1ftllビLこIn釘こl叩Kll（1lこI ChubarChu，San卯eCbu−鵬−Ⅹg串蔓C豆（rgyunchu） 軸w畠d串l−b夜毎C摘tさりS云（z王ababdunpa’icbuまd卸g Sa）：aSpOt癖retheriverrises血ぬgthe7t圭I Tibetan mo重油〔Å喝一駅pt．〕and a王so the p王ace− name壬ocaもaednearNumoもhang 勒邦；n為mc重 （gna‡mChu） n云mc豆（gnamchu）：riverwhichrisesduringtherainy SeaSOnXg単車C豆（rgyuncbuき g単車C缶（咽yⅥnChu）：COnStantriverXy為rct亘，n孟mc缶 rh血1申nl直111’即こItll）：ha11kいfこII・i＼でr C如申軍b為（cbuphranpa）：p王ace wheremany tr壬bu− tariesaregathered；fan／Tsorldu→ Chtim蕗l（chtlgCai）：Waterfali，WaterSpread Lrh堰王Ir（Chudkarl：ri＼でt−いfwhitビturt）ideoIor：7uppt！r tributar〉■t：）fCll11barul11n（）こIr MuIldro 劫乃；9mゑC缶（’omachu）：riverofmiikycolor 桓pp6（まupo）：pOOicontainingspring lgkcg（1uchu）：StreamWhichrisesfromlupp6 Ⅹkh挙りC攣くgangschu） ちりpC缶（sgrubcbu）：紀ほ・Originatedwater〔inare極重ous SenSe〕〆tbe water，Whicbis droppin嘗from the SurfaceofrockirまaCaVe，isregardedasaboiy Waterbythevillagers， 極Pp6（sgrubpo）：SeiぎーOriginatedspring〔inareiigious SenSe〕／Chadang Tuppo：SPri喝 Of Cbadang， Wb言chisoneof洩epilgr主msitesofthevaliey． Ch由1i顎転hugl童㌻噂）：Sma豊里sar苫dsinariver CIl豆dzen（cわutshan）：も0もSpring C旭jep：SWamp／ChortenThangkainYul Z2 Bu蔓Iet呈n ofGlac圭er Researcb n革j軸ニSWa王苅p，marぬ，mOOr，peat／Ribar〔洩esoⅥrCe Sgrk象9：iceridge OfCbubiChu〕→ ●・、、、、・・∵、ト！：；；・・、：：；・こ・＼、、・・・、、、・．；、こ．ミ．．ミ、‡1．・−l、：、…l． tsb6timri舅b鶏卜g七重喝r…ngpoき：deepまake ね義りd盃8g蔓草摘（hangg8a閏g’gasb喝）：Cre扇ce ♂摘画軸：VaCa肛yg電撃b豆ニCraCkhoまe tsh（う（nltSIl（））：lこIkぐ．pOいl、l）＝l（1 tsh（itlk狛11（mtshtlllSkaIllS）：1akビdriビ（111l）．：l）l；lr卜nこ1mビ giVerltOtherestigesofまakesまoca！edintbenorもh 州dofl−；1l；l・tSh（うk油一dtln‥thelalくビt一こISd−1iedup・ （：ll（ihl巾1：1−a＼・il町＼・al恒− r∂ロ（ro喝）：def主まe，d既pgeO曙e，Vailey r9督b畠（mngpa）こpeOp呈eofvail野ザViz，Nepa蔓ese peopまe −・ぎ！∴：；＼、：い・こ、．＝‥こモ・、、、・・：ミニー・い‥−い・・；：・l：‥・：、、．・−ト．・ 11鱒叫川1こIgSkl川1g）こf（汀ぐSし血nsef（）rぐSt n蔓草ndz義m如ags王罰ぬams）：boumdaryま主neofねre＄t， ぬrestl呈miも 〟．（；山（イ（J／（；t−り〃れり♪ん（）／収l・ 8z嬰8：debriscoveredg里ac主er，barどenland〆Liru喝G旦・， l−aIlどlこITlゞ（1l．．t、／（∴ d芝蔓iiり：ab呈a吏ion area wbereもig stonesand rock＄ aぐCし1Ill加ビdl）bstrtlCtiI哨1X、Oplビ a11d ぐこIt＝e tl） p；lSS．：：；around Y；1ngphu，hillsid亡・Of Nt、SaParト・ d芝草pSb蔓i（rdgabbsbai）：まandslまde，iandsliぬg如膵／ upperPi’㍊喝，Menchamsa∵ヰ dzI汀百占二Oldablationこlreこ川▼herebigstonesandl■OCks arefiヽ（d≠▼ithsoil．grass、Shrubsandthelike：Sidp mora董ne／Cbaはan那Ia可 dz琶㌻￠psbi勺ア缶p：deva洩aもedpまainm主ⅩedwitbstoれeS， sこ1nd．sht・ubs．（ll汗t＼＼・OOdsandtllt）like：；KhriT11jutlゞ、 Cbadarlg→ d9r蔦葛（rdort蛾：わぞ肛Cia p隻S畠伽e sa）：鎚ndsぬne／tまユOSe pまace−nameS故e Tarchipesa aて18Dopesamaybavedeァive8ぎrom tllビ11甘hllでl）f th（、Sいiト・ ト・・！、：い．・い・いこい、ト：．‥！ミ；、‥∴．1ミミ、■ミ．：−．・＼∵、： sまopeoぎT＄erko，Tsa喝bul舶ナ khartl〔l（kllヱIrtl（11：SIlい≠・Slidt∴（lebI・iゞ（汀；l＼・alこI11rh（、． ＼＼−lli（：ll†こI11sいnly（lt】l￣i咽lhしゝStlt川†1ertiI11ビ kh畠y86（kbag・yOg巨ava量ancbewhichfaiま＄tOga払eぞ with s豆Ong W主nd，rOCks ands紬nes／Tbi＄does S鳶rac，glacier・まce J丑．⊥1gJ‘ん、／勅〃rふ∧吊J′…／J）ふ‘JJ／lリ ー百11tホホ（Stいnth（1ゞ）：ault‖1川こIlrrot）．hal・＼丁ビSt t811行痛lくか11和1tSiisd！1：′rheぐr11PⅥ・aSdこII11瑚t、d bythekmg叩e漫まofdrywea洩er−藤繭銅製凝願 ′l、llP atlt川1111alぐt￣いP＼＼￣こISこIl）llIld：川し 正直lけt−i哩）＝ しItlil−l−iゞ；止d fietd．fal’−−−，こ11■こIblビlこ111d b学芸hiり：pOtatO蝕まd もr電撃Zhiiぐbras野bis）：paddy鮎id，主r軸ated罵e呈d S串（§a）：SOiま，iand／Lan離arlgWaCla∬ifytぬena餌γeO着 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t）さ▼thぐiIll††1川・こ11bビhこl＼▼i（−「．t）l−tgピーl汀三川）ナー；ll】sf−■川−− Mt．ⅠィこI11如こl岬l．il・しl岬tl）tllぐl−i＼−ぐIISl｝cpbpし「htlこl−−（l ChuBarmadur摘gtbew封漉er七重me；pOWder甜OW 盈VaiaてICbe？ kわ蔓蔓（gangs巨giacier−i略geれer盈Iterm for snowy −・り・、：：ミーミ：・：＼＼′ ∴；・、」・：さ ミハ・t、＝、＝、、・、−∴Jこ：、・−−ミー t；lin l（t叩1C白（どa−−gSCt一山‥t−−ビIt、Vatビ「（−rgla（‥ie−■i〔ビ．−■i、−ピー‘ ＼＼rhiぐllrisesrl・（）111S111Ⅷ・）−illl）しI11tai11ミItlk亡亡l 什∴りlイl丁潮−／l軋l・ ∫t−‘打り〃‘J／♪りイ【）／′ pik急くspyidkba）：Spring y畠rk象ミdbyar独a）：S㍊mmer 、・．こ∴、・‥−−・．、ミ＝：・・、ミ、・、・・・ニ．‥．ト■．．・こここ、l！ト・ r重野ned，￡ぞ▲，Summerhascome〔tocrop〕 s￠l・k主itsl汀kllこl仁一lailsビilS（−11．at11tl111Il ．パ．・．・くト・l−i；・．、・．・∴；．ト∵ 痩繭机画闇夜巨紺−merandw主羽音ersoi或董ce Sadakane 川州舟／／〟…／Ⅲん巾／／ n豆m（gnam）：Sky，heaven，Weather，rain l泊Tll蝉11th和1E・さd画十づ11gOnmth：l’）▼aSldugl：The azure sky extends endlessly，i．e．，Very fine Weather・n豆m ky亭pn魚kh豆W豆 kyakk dud（− brgyabnakhabargyaggi’dug）：Ifitrained，then itbecomesnowing． n衰mk云rn云り：iongspellofdryweatber，drotlgllt j亭（’ja’）：rainbowiIfithappensaftertherainTShower in the afternoon，thenitis fine next day．Ifit appearsabovetheplains，thenitrainssoon，Ifit bridgcsovertheTsangbo，thenfinedayslastfor amonthlong． p阜kim（nyi’khyimsラ：balo，Circlearotlndthesun 豆m義♪圭m云p阜kimph豆ps軸：Themo払ersunbas putonhalo，／’titwillrainafteronefineday”． d亭kim（zla’khyims）：halo，Circlearoundthemoon 云dd那拍rd亭kimphdps6り：Theunclemoonhas putorlhalo，／−tfinedaywiillastforamonth”． br軍a（’brug〉：dragon，thunder br里台車t！1kkd星缶（−’gTulgyi’dug）：Thedragonis passlng，thethunderrollsoranexpressionforthe thunder tshiiほm（tshiglam）：1ightning tshiiほm ky缶缶kk（】g蔦（−’khyug gi’dl】g）：the ligbtrling】Srapidlyrurlnlngt prigb云（sprinpa）：highcloudoffineweather priりmar（sprin dmar）：mOrningglow／Ifit appears earlyinthemorning，itrainsintheevenlng． 汀癌rv亘り（dmardbarlg）：SunSetgloⅥ7／Ifitappears，itis fineforamon払long． p亭Im6：haze，mistorcloudswihchcreepontheground p草Im6g＠畠s6g（一bgags song）：The haze has screenedfromview， br粥briり（sbra竺Sprin）：CIoudy n豆m br挙りbriりd攣白 くgnam−’dugラ：The skyis Clo11dy．グ（sbrangchar）：drizzle b亭g kh畠SS否b豆（’bangkhagseba）：fogthickened Zh亭（bzha’）：damp，mOisture zh塾Zh頭S6り（−Zhugssong）‥〔clothorfood〕has gotdamp． ∴‘？ Simb豆（zim bu）：drizzle／but only of the summer SeaSOnathighaltitude〔higherthanvillages〕 ほりb象（rla11gSpa）：VapOur kh盃W云（khawa）こSnOW，SnOWfall kh哀m6c6r：Sleet t塾rt畠ロ（darsdong）：formedice，icicle ￠9p：phenomenonthatthesurfaceofsnowishard− enedbywindorthesun；CrliSt p軍m6（bamo）：frost，hoar如）St Si5r豆（serba）：hai1 日イ柚／ lh孟盈b豆（lhagspa）：wind i始畠b豆m亭r6りky尋kkdり缶（−marrOrlgrgyaggi ’dug）：Thewindblowsdownwardsintheravine 〔inthemorning〕；mOuntainwind lh云畠b豆y亭r軸ky冬kkd頭（−yarrOn−）：Thewind blowsupwardsin theravine〔in tce even−ing〕； valley wind ￥rtS豆pfbu’tshub）：SnOW−StOrm，StOrm，guStOfwirld ほりk6r（rlung’khor）：tOrnado，Whirlwind ん川♪川∼／JJ什 n哀ms盲r：Weather，Climate 頭msirtshさ8s6り＝y云rk云tsh88s軸 尋￠8（drodき：Warmth ＼ S豆1a申Q ky虔否S6t）（sala仙Skyessong）：The Warmthgeneratedtotheground，i．eリitbecame Warmt申￠t6n（−gtOng）：tO give warmth to 〔water，liquor〕． や箪学ほりはrodr王angs）：VapOur缶−OmWarmth；tempera− tllre尋萱李ほりtSh哀りb6（一tShallg pO〉：agreeable Weatherortemperature khy豆畠b6（’khyagpo）：〔tofeel〕cold，freezing ￠塾りm6（grangmo）：Chilly，COld n云m尋挙りm6：itiscold・ 中里−−百（drい111い）：lしIkpwこIr111 ts旭nd言：hot〔bytouch〕 tshep云（tshadpa）：heat，hot，fever tshep豆tsh云nd盲：itishot〔weather）． d軍ri（くNepaleseiaTO‥COld，Chilly？）：COld／butof tberainyseason 車ib豆くzilba）：dew Si】p6（bsiipo）：COid，reぎreshing mdpp豆（smugpa）：densefog，Cloud m豆ppa k云mp6（−Skam po）：dry fog；mtipp豆 16np畠（rlonpa）：WCt，humidity，mOist d9plas主Ib云ch云孟s軸：Dewhasfallenonthegrass・ n＠kp6（−nagpO）：raincloud；mtipp云thtim s軸 （一’thtlmSSOng）：〔we〕werewrappedupbythe densefog． n豆m silp6：freshair BほまIe症n ofGiac主erResearch 摺 m撃欝計（me skar）：planet wbicb presides over封re l■．71J■仙、ム．⊥lメわり榊〃／＿l・ め彫 g9℃j6（dgongjo）：earlyevening，eVening ゞり町11百（d押哩Illい1：Iligllt∴htpハでni岬 蝉6（S−1gadro）：eariymoming Cb森召d貞義：beertぬe；aboutnineirlt壬1emOrningwben theheadofaねmiiydrinksbeerbeねresettingto ⅥrOrk． ch8p豆i：forafewhoursa艶erdinnertiliasleep；about ninetoterlまntheevenlng pきmゑくny主ma）：day，daytimeブtbeslまn p呈m義ph戻さ（nyimaphyed）‥Onehalfofthesun，nOOn， midぬy pきm錠佼dz撃rk義（nyまma’idzad kha）：at〉Out洩eもime When汰esun主sde（：iirling Jlきm至否Sb叡kゑ（nyima’is！lar kha）：al〕Ouもtbe time Wbenthesunisrising element，乙g．，Mars i撃準ps‡読軸sgrubzhi）：Cy卯uS dz塾mbli8（’dzambuナi営まing）：eartbチWOrld d琴W畠くz王aba）：mOO‡l，mュOntb d冬営云㌻（zladkar）：mOOn，mOOni主g摘 tshegy憂鳶d垂g義㌻くtshesbrgyad−）：theeigbtb8ay Illい（111 11封11k中1（蝉lこll11gallゞ仁一l川’一111いいn S亭（gzaり：pia罰et；払edaysoftbeweek，Viz．，S塾pきm葛 （gza’nyima）ニ Sunday，S塾d挙W哀冊Z王a ba）： Momday，S挙m呈顎m畠卜migdmar）：Tuesday，S敷 1h畠kp畠トIbag pa）ニⅥrednesday，S蔓ph萬rb萬ト p‡lur bu）：Thursday，S草p蔓S盛り 卜wa＄angS）： Friday，S嬰penbゑ卜spenpa）：Saturday s蔓ndz盲n（gza‥8z廟：pianeトSeizer，∝l喜ps n111吾川1115lこiS∂tl（】訂n里1lくlくdしt亡t：1、llビPlこIllt、t−SPiノer iscornl喝tO themotbersun，g．g．，SOlar鑑まip＄． d蔓g衰rla＄andz呈lュ9りkkd￥童：Tbep重aneモーSeizeris n蔓mは℃妄namlangs）：daybreak ・．こ・、−．・、・：−・！‥∴・t、・∴．：∴i ‥：・；・・ミ‥、・、ぎこ・、 so王1g’dug）：T壬ie SkyⅥraked up，汰e chief of ぐぐ‖11i11gh）t11eI11い一札f．1∴1l1Il；ll・P亡IipsⅥ’hビIlit n冬mS言m法（nam鎗dma）：dawn，ear王yintbemorni堀 alliI11ill． p加ets，ダ，g．，thesun，basappearedtosetforth書 OCCurS，Villag餅Smakeabignoisetodriveaway 血eplameトSeizertbatisbelievedto bea kind of n革m寧日触｝云（namsrodma）：極量Iig奴intbeev都南唱 time；dusk n革m申竜kind撃色（mamsrosky圭n ’血g）：Tbenightissettingi†i． 里押pb蜃佼（nubpbyed）：One壬1aげoftheti‡−1edwi喝tbe Sun’sd主sappearance；mi血ighも n誓pk6さ：theはtterhalfofnup，王atenig払いhreeorfour in軌emorning b蔓ほ（Nepaiesebeは）：time，ieisure，OppOrtunity h〔ほl巾‖軸心叩Ⅰ−1中仙lくdリ〔＝−1−1i−（1叩l−ユー−−Sl−いd 幻7i’d噸）：Tberiighモニisabo11tSet血g主n，〔we〕have 111ヽlぐi刈Ir（、ti111ぐ， r蔓りb薩d芝草rS畠（ron宮野’主’dza＝agbza’）＝！unぬとimeof theNepalescpeople；a古outtwoorthreeinthe afterr100n ‘バ／ハりJい〃J．l一 女畠㌻汀呈畠（skarma）：Star，COnStai呈atぬn，aSteris恥aSもro− i曙y，plarleも げS婆（gza’） k豆rm魚Sb云r s6顎d攣臼（skar ma shar s淵g’d喝ラ： starshavecomeou￡餉k融m温ts6pp畠トbtsogpa）： i頭ur童ousday k象rm義mind舐（skarmasmindrug）こtllepieiades tb6r象顎k温rc如（tborangsskarcben）：b言gsもarofthe dawn，王Ⅵ0汀朗唱Sもar cぬ萬g孟r（chuskar）：p呈arleもwbichpres主desovervater ビItlIllHlt，J．t・．．1、1t、r亡111丁 Acknowledgments Tb主spaperwasprepared asa resuiもOfE仏訳o） logicairesearc壬ICarriedoutdt汀ing舅vemon血s’員eは vorkin1985冊86w触supporとOfaGranモーin一Åidfor Scient捕cResearchfromtheJapanMinistryofEducap tiorl，ScienceandCulttire（Cbief；Dr，K．H皇宮u血of Nヨ膚OyatJn責versity）． Iwouidiiketく〉はke t緑sopporturlitytoexpress mysincereappreciatiolュtODr．K．Hi卯Chi，Proぞe岱Or ofWaterResearchInstitu略NagoyaUniversityaれd toDr．0、1好a紬nabe，Profe駄OrOぎNational王nsもi餌とeoぜ polarResearchwhogenerouslyaiioⅥrednletOpartici・ pate 呈n琉eir Glac童010gicalEx膵dition oぞ Nepai Lam離angProjectま985叫86，dispitet圭一efacttねat‡am 11りtこl叩ビriこIlisti11細心」≠ld． ‡acknowieく短ewitbmanytbankstわecooperaもion givenbya11membersofGEN−LP，W主とbouもVbosebelp thispapercouまdneverhavebeenproceeded・Special thanksareduetoDr，T．Takeuchi，LecturerofKink董 Un主vers和書ork主n8まyoffeパngtoreadmydraぎもand glVe Va呈uable s噸geStions an（ま encoura酢mentin prepar主噸La取離a喝Vocaぬ1aryandtotbepeopleof tbeLanがa喝Vaまiey紬rietぬgussもayoverモbe血ra“ も主0‡10f our research work a壬1dねr belpingin血e Sadakane COllectionofthelanguagematerials． References Bieimeier，R，（1982）：Problems of Tibeta11Dialectology and 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