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Survey of Global Personnel Development and
Long-term Impact of Study Abroad
The number of international students worldwide has now reached 4.5 million. Against
the background of a debate surrounding the quality assurance of higher education,
there is a demand for personnel with the potential to play an active role in global society.
Higher education institutions are encouraging their students to study abroad, and the
development of diverse and effective international collaborative programs is required.
The question of how to ensure that the quality assurance of education and the
enhancement of learning lead to the concrete outcome of global personnel
development is an urgent task for the higher education sector.
In the light of these global trends, this large-scale retrospective survey of people who
had studied abroad was undertaken. Its aim was to reveal the issues with the
development of global personnel in Japan, as well as the directions it is taking. The
results have shed light upon the impact of study abroad experiences on students’
subsequent career development and lives.
JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Scientific Research (A), Research Project Number 25245078
Principle Investigator: Professor Masahiro Yokota, School of
Global Japanese Studies, Meiji University
Overview: Survey of Global Personnel Development
and Long-term Impact of Study Abroad
In this research, people who had studied abroad were surveyed on a variety of topics, including their experiences
and the improvement in their abilities while studying abroad, the effects on their subsequent employment and
careers, changes in their values and behaviors, and degree of satisfaction with life. In addition, in order to act as a
control group for comparison, people who had not studied abroad were also surveyed on their experiences and the
improvement in their abilities while studying on undergraduate and/or graduate programs in Japan, and on their
subsequent careers.
Given the current decline in the number of Japanese studying abroad, this demonstration of the significance and
the outcomes of study abroad, as well as of their effects and influence in the med- and long-term, can be thought to
provide valuable implications for universities and companies working to address the urgent issue of developing
personnel with global competencies.

Survey period and respondents
People with study abroad experience
Period: January-May, 2015
Number of respondents: 4,489
People without study abroad experience
Period: August-September, 2015
Number of respondents: 1,298

Survey method
Online survey: As well as making direct requests for participants, the researchers also obtained the
participation of monitors from a research company

Conditions for participation
People with study abroad experience
(1) At the least, lived primarily in Japan during elementary and junior high school; studied abroad for three
months or more after graduation from a Japanese senior high school. However, as long as participants
studied abroad after graduation from a Japanese senior high school, they were also permitted to have
studied abroad during senior high school.
(2) Overseas study destination was a senior high school, university, vocational college, or/and language
school. Those who studied at international schools/schools teaching the International Baccalaureate, private
dance schools, junior sports teams affiliated with professional clubs (not part of vocational colleges), or
private business research institutes were not eligible.
(3) The aim of study abroad was to learn a language, obtain a degree; or earn credits, those who simply
volunteered or went on a working holiday were not included.
People without study abroad experience
(1) Graduated from a Japanese university
(2) Working for a company located in Japan (foreign-owned companies located in Japan were eligible),
housewife, or unemployed
(3) No experiences of studying or living abroad for longer than three months, did not live overseas as a child
(overseas trips of under three months were permitted)
(4) Experiences prior to entering a Japanese university were as follows:
Had not acquired foreign language proficiency, did not use a foreign language at home
Had not studied at an international school in Japan
Explanations about the classification of people with study abroad experience
Refer to pages 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 17, 18, and 19
Those who had experience of more than one type of study abroad were classified under the study abroad destination
which they responded was the most important.
About those who studied at an overseas university (undergraduate program or/and graduate program)
(1) Restricted to those on scholarships or self-funded (those who were funded by their employer were excluded)
(2) Restricted to the following periods of study - study for an undergraduate degree: three years or more;
undergraduate credit-bearing/other study abroad: less than one year; graduate study: one year or more
(3) Study abroad for an undergraduate degree or a graduate degree (Masters/Doctorate) means that he or she studied
abroad with the aim of obtaining a degree.
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
2
Demographic and
Attribute Data
50's
Men
High School
Undergraduate
People with study
abroad
experience: 4,489
* Classified by the type of
institution which they
responded was their
most important study
abroad destination
Masters
Doctorate
Language
School
Others
Total
People without
study abroad
experience:
1,298
* Classified by the
highest level of
institution they
attended
Undergraduate
Masters
Doctorate
Total
4
2.8%
232
12.4%
160
28.2%
69
34.2%
119
8.6%
45
14.3%
629
14%
100
14.1%
44
9.5%
24
1.8%
168
12.9%
40's
Women
Total
10
14
7%
9.8%
84
316
4.5%
16.9%
26
186
4.6%
32.7%
10
79
5%
39.1%
127
246
9.1%
17.7%
21
66
6.7%
21%
278
907
6.2%
20.2%
44
6.2%
8
1.7%
1
0.1%
53
4.1%
144
20.3%
52
11.3%
25
1.9%
221
17%
Men
8
5.6%
345
18.4%
127
22.4%
48
23.8%
211
15.2%
40
12.7%
779
17.4%
30's
Women
Total
13
21
9.1%
14.7%
281
626
15%
33.5%
63
190
11.1%
33.5%
18
66
8.9%
32.7%
353
564
25.4%
40.5%
75
115
23.8%
36.5%
803
1582
17.9%
35.2%
114
16.1%
101
21.9%
39
3%
254
19.6%
130
18.3%
48
10.4%
19
1.5%
197
15.2%
244
34.4%
149
32.3%
58
4.5%
451
34.7%
Men
24
16.8%
265
14.2%
75
13.2%
33
16.3%
130
9.3%
35
11.1%
562
12.5%
100
14.1%
68
14.8%
16
1.2%
184
14.2%
20's
Women
Total
34
58
23.8%
40.6%
347
612
18.6%
32.7%
75
150
13.2%
26.4%
17
50
8.4%
24.8%
320
450
23%
32.4%
60
95
19%
30.2%
853
1415
19%
31.5%
127
17.9%
109
23.6%
17
1.3%
253
19.5%
227
32%
177
38.4%
33
2.5%
437
33.7%
Men
15
10.5%
131
7%
26
4.6%
4
2%
49
3.5%
10
3.2%
235
5.2%
20
2.8%
18
3.9%
3
0.2%
41
3.2%
Women
Total
35
50
24.5%
35%
185
316
9.9%
16.9%
16
42
2.8%
7.4%
3
7
1.5%
3.5%
82
131
5.9%
9.4%
29
39
9.2%
12.4%
350
585
7.8%
13%
75
10.6%
65
14.1%
8
0.6%
148
11.4%
95
13.4%
83
18%
11
0.8%
189
14.6%
Total
143
1,870
568
202
1,391
315
4,489
710
461
127
1,298
People with study abroad experience: 4,489
* Classified by the type of institution which they responded was their most important study abroad destination
Destination Country
United
States
High Shool
Undergraduate
Masters
Doctorate
Language
School
Others
Total
High Shool
Undergraduate
Masters
Doctorate
Language
School
Others
Total
China,
South
Korea,
Taiwan
English
Speaking
Oceania
Countries
in Europe
NonEnglish
Speaking
Countries
in Europe
91
63.6%
2
1.4%
8
5.6%
24
16.8%
5
3.5%
1082
57.9%
339
59.7%
118
58.4%
349
25.1%
100
31.7%
2079
46.3%
226
12.1%
16
2.8%
8
4%
148
10.6%
9
2.9%
409
9.1%
153
8.2%
101
17.8%
27
13.4%
288
20.7%
42
13.3%
619
13.8%
102
5.5%
20
3.5%
13
6.4%
234
16.8%
47
14.9%
440
9.8%
158
8.4%
56
9.9%
30
14.9%
152
10.9%
58
18.4%
459
10.2%
Type of study abroad
English
Speaking
Countries
Other
in North
English
Others
and
Speaking
Central
Countries
America
other
than US
9
0
4
6.3%
0%
2.8%
85
4.5%
14
2.5%
5
2.5%
145
10.4%
39
12.4%
297
6.6%
11
0.6%
8
1.4%
0
0%
33
2.4%
8
2.5%
60
1.3%
53
2.8%
14
2.5%
1
0.5%
42
3%
12
3.8%
126
2.8%
Creditbearing
Degree
(exchange
seeking
student,
etc.)
Others
43
30.1%
82
57.3%
18
12.6%
747
39.9%
471
82.9%
130
64.4%
125
9%
92
29.2%
1608
35.8%
741
39.6%
62
10.9%
17
8.4%
102
7.3%
12
3.8%
1016
22.6%
382
20.4%
35
6.2%
55
27.2%
1164
83.7%
211
67%
1865
41.5%
Duration of study abroad
6
3
2 years
6 years
3 years or 4 years
months 1 year or
months
5 years
or
or
longer
longer
or
or
or longer or longer
longer
longer
longer
longer
23
66
29
9
12
1
0
3
16.1%
46.2%
20.3%
6.3%
8.4%
0.7%
0%
2.1%
284
609
346
196
186
153
51
45
15.2%
32.6%
18.5%
10.5%
9.9%
8.2%
2.7%
2.4%
26
72
267
154
24
10
5
10
4.6%
12.7%
47%
27.1%
4.2%
1.8%
0.9%
1.8%
11
24
37
27
34
25
18
26
5.4%
11.9%
18.3%
13.4%
16.8%
12.4%
8.9%
12.9%
408
582
297
55
22
8
11
8
29.3%
41.8%
21.4%
4%
1.6%
0.6%
0.8%
0.6%
74
82
89
34
15
7
4
10
23.5%
26%
28.3%
10.8%
4.8%
2.2%
1.3%
3.2%
826
1435
1065
475
293
204
89
102
18.4%
32%
23.7%
10.6%
6.5%
4.5%
2%
2.3%
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
3
Comparison of the numbers of Japanese studying abroad
Data sources: Survey of people with study abroad experience (4,489 people) and figures published
by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
The graph compares the two sets of data by Japanese studying abroad. The fact that the recent figures for the
survey of respondents with study abroad experience are lower in proportion to the figures published by MEXT
may reflect the nature of this survey, which focused on the impacts after study abroad. Those who studied
abroad recently have few subsequent experiences in Japan, and would have found it hard to respond to the
questions in this survey.
People with Study Abroad Experience
MEXT's Statistics
300
90,000
80,000
250
70,000
200
60,000
50,000
150
40,000
100
30,000
20,000
50
10,000
0
0
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
People with Study Abroad Experience
MEXT's Report
Comparison of the age profiles of those respondents who participated in the two surveys of this research
People with study abroad experience (4,489 people) and without study abroad experience (1,298 people)
Looking at the age profiles for the two surveys, the distribution is very similar, with no major divergence.
People with Study Abroad Experience
People without Study Abroad Experience
250
60
50
200
40
150
30
100
20
50
10
0
0
59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22
People with Study Abroad Experience
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
People without Study Abroad Experience
4
1. Changes in perceptions and values through study abroad
Experience of study abroad leads to the development of a positive
set of values
The values engendered include a readiness to take on new challenges without fear of risks
and an openness to people with diverse sets of values.
Marked differences between those with and without study abroad experience are apparent in
terms of “awareness of being an Asian/a global citizen”, which are important in a global
society. Those who have studied abroad are also proactive about interacting with people who
have diverse sets of values and cultural backgrounds, and their study abroad experience also
contributes to the development of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and a feeling of being useful.
Ｑ
To what extent do you feel that your awareness of the following increased as a result of your study abroad [graduation of Japanese university]?
*Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By item
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
20%
Greater 1日本人としての意識が高まった
awareness of being Japanese
Greater
awareness of being Asian
2アジア人としての意識が高まった
Greater awareness of being a global
3地球市民としての意識が高まった
citizen
Greater interest in
5外交・国際関係への興味が高まった
diplomacy/international
relations
8多様な価値観や文化的背景を持つ人と
Greater
awareness of coexisting with people
who have diverse
values/cultural backgrounds
共生する意識が高まった
Greater awareness of taking
12リスクを取ること、チャレンジする
risks/taking
on challenges
ことに関する意識が高まった
41.9
20.4
15.8
22.2
Greater
awareness of peace
7平和に対する意識が高まった
21.6
Became
able to withhold value judgments
13価値判断を留保して、なぜそうなの
and think
about the reasons for a situation
かを考えようとするようになった
19.8
Greater
religious tolerance
11宗教に関する寛容性が高まった
21.7
Greater
awareness of gender equality
9社会での男女共同参画の意識が高まっ
in society
た
Greater
self-efficacy
(awareness of the
15自己効力感（
自分はやるべきことを
ability
to do the things one should do)
実行できるという意識）が高まった
Greater14自己肯定感（自信）が高まった
self-esteem (self-confidence)
Greater
feeling of usefulness
(awareness
16自己有用感（
社会の中で自分は必要
that
one is needed by society)
とされているという意識）が高まった
Strongly agree
60%
80%
100%
0%
20%
1日本人としての意識が高まった
3.2 23.0
45.0
10.4
2.7
2アジア人としての意識が高まった
13.0
42.1
30.5
7.0
1.2
3地球市民としての意識が高まった
12.7
35.2
36.5
12.5
1.5
3.0 19.0
30.8 5外交・国際関係への興味が高まった
53.5
12.9
2.8
8多様な価値観や文化的背景を持つ人々
5.6 24.9
36.2
48.0
13.0
と共生する意識が高まった
2.8
12リスクを取ること、チャレンジする
4.2 25.6
24.6
48.4
22.7 4.3
ことに関する意識が高まった
Greater4政治・社会問題への関心が高まった
interest in political/social issues
Greater
awareness of taking on work in the
10性別に捉われず家庭内における役割
household,
regardless of gender
を担うことへの意識が高まった
Greater
awareness
of global issues such as
6環境・貧困問題等の地球的課題に対す
the environment,
poverty etc.
る意識が高まった
40%
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
4政治・社会問題への関心が高まった
4.7 23.4
48.4
23.9 5.6
7平和に対する意識が高まった
3.0 19.0
46.9
25.5 5.9
13価値判断を留保して、なぜそうなの
6.0
48.7
26.9 4.6
かを考えようとするようになった
10性別に捉われず家庭内における役割
41.9
30.2
8.2
を担うことへの意識が高まった
6環境・貧困問題等の地球的課題に対す
16.9
42.8
32.7
7.6
る意識が高まった
9社会での男女共同参画の意識が高まっ
16.5
40.3
34.5
8.6
た
15自己効力感（自分はやるべきことを
21.0
53.3
21.8 3.9
実行できるという意識）が高まった
21.5
14.5
14自己肯定感（自信）が高まった
4.7
50.2
24.1 4.2
16自己有用感（社会の中で自分は必要
3.5
46.0
33.3
6.2
とされているという意識）が高まった
Relatively agree
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
Relatively disagree
24.3
35.0
32.0
29.4
80%
100%
24.6
52.1
33.7
50.4
35.4
47.2
30.8
42.4
27.0
45.6
24.7
44.0
27.9
29.8
41.6
45.7
3.2 20.0
5.2
49.2
29.0
5.0 20.4
4.2
60%
48.2
11宗教に関する寛容性が高まった
3.2 16.3
45.1
25.9 7.4
19.6
40%
23.4
34.9
47.3
27.3
47.2
29.6
45.1
40.8
42.4
45.8
26.3
19.1
20.9
21.4
Strongly disagree
5
2. Improvement in abilities through study abroad
Study abroad contributes to improvements not only in language
ability and specialized skills, but also in the fundamental skills
required in the workplace
It goes without saying that study abroad allows students to improve foreign language ability
and to obtain specialized knowledge and international knowledge; it also leads to the
acquisition of attributes which are important once they enter the world of work, such as
“resilience to stress”, “flexibility”, and “leadership”. Those who studied abroad also showed a
greater degree of improvement in “teamwork”, which tends to be valued in Japanese society,
than did their peers without study abroad experience.
Women studying abroad at undergraduate level showed a greater improvement in most
abilities than did men, and students on graduate programs improved more than those on
undergraduate programs.
Ｑ
As a result of your study abroad [graduation of Japanese university], which of the following abilities do you consider improved?
*Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By skill and ability
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
Ability to deal with
other cultures
8異文化に対応する力
41.5
Foreign language3外国語運用能力
competency
41.2
8異文化に対応する力
3.2 22.6
51.5
6.2
0.8
3外国語運用能力
1.9 16.6
51.1
6.7
1.0
5海外の社会・習慣・文化に関する…
2.3 16.3
56.3
7.2
0.7
Communicative
ability
4コミュニケーション能力
Flexibility
29.9
Positive attitude/ability to take
7積極性・行動力
action
30.2
Social skills
4コミュニケーション能力
7.5
52.3
10.41.2
36.1
11柔軟性
100%
20%
40%
35.8
80%
0%
20%
Knowledge of society/customs/culture of
5留学先の社会・習慣・文化に関す…
destination [of foreign countries]
60%
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
51.6
26.1
54.6
Basic academic ability/general
2基礎学力・一般教養
education
& culture
24.1
56.3
Ability to 10目的を達成する力
attain goals
25.3
54.2
Resilience to 9ストレス耐性
stress
27.0
52.1
9ストレス耐性
9.5
18.6
2.3
Perseverance 15忍耐力
25.9
53.1
15忍耐力 10.9
18.9 2.2
Problem-solving
16問題解決能力
Teamwork
12協調性
Specialized knowledge/skills
1専門知識・技能
Logical thinking
18論理的思考力
Creativity
22.3
19.6
54.4
25.0
19.4
23.5
27.0
52.2
29.3
40.4
39.1
32.6
47.5
31.1
38.1
39.9
45.0
54.2
20.9
8.6
6.9
9.9
12.6
34.9
9.2
32.2
9.3
28.6
51.8
12.7
8.7
12.4
33.4
53.3
12協調性 8.9
23.3 2.7
10.0
34.1
50.2
46.5
18論理的思考力
28.2
3.6
48.9
100%
54.5
16問題解決能力
11.9
19.8 2.4
1専門知識・技能
22.0
4.5
48.5
50.7
42.3
2基礎学力・一般教養
7.2
17.5
2.2
10目的を達成する力
11.6
18.5 2.0
55.6
80%
49.8
13社交性 7.9
17.1 2.2
13社交性
60%
42.1
12.7 11柔軟性 7.5
1.4
7積極性・行動力
6.2
16.3 2.0
55.9
40%
8.3
22.2 5.1
47.4
30.4
9.5
14創造力
18.3
46.7
30.9
4.214創造力 7.0
37.8
43.6
11.6
Critical thinking
17批判的思考力
18.9
45.3
8.3
31.317批判的思考力
4.5
36.1
44.7
10.9
Leadership
6リーダーシップ 11.1
Strongly agree
35.8
Relatively agree
43.9
6リーダーシップ
3.1 22.7
9.2
Relatively disagree
53.1
21.1
Strongly disagree
*An item (ability) in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
6
By level and type/field of study
Communicative ability
0%
20%
学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
40%
50.7 学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
40%
UG degree abroad学士留学（女性）(198)
(women) (198)
UG credit-bearing/other
study abroad
単位・その他留学（女性）…
(women) (376)
80%
100%
55.9 9.1 20.0 31.9 2.3 44.3 20.2 51.0 0%
20%
40%
60%
35.8 学士留学（女性）(198)
9.1 1.0 43.4 40.9 21.3 47.6 10.1 2.0 52.1 36.7 2.1 16.8 47.0 27.1 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
5.6 12.0 40.7 100%
14.7 3.2 52.5 46.5 単位・その他留学（女性）…
18.9 1.3 47.1 80%
46.3 32.0 42.8 36.4 52.5 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
42.8 14.4 3.6 UG degree in 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
Japan (women) (376)
4.5 22.9 36.4 38.6 32.7 10.4 48.4 単位・その他留学（男性）…
24.1 52.5 16.5 1.6 29.4 UG degree in国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
Japan (men) (334)
4.2 60%
9.1 Resilience to stress
学士留学（男性）(218)
49.1 11.5 0.9 38.5 UG credit-bearing/other
study abroad
単位・その他留学（男性）…
(men) (381)
30.8 33.0 Positive attitude/ability to take action
5.2 22.2 42.4 文系修士・博士国内…
38.0 6.3 4.8 24.0 46.6 100%
40.2 51.2 理工系修士・博士国内…
43.8 9.7 24.4 3.1 文科系修士・博士留学(298)
42.6 6.0 0.7 21.5 38.1 80%
25.2 5.0 41.7 19.7 1.6 理工系修士・博士留学(55)
45.5 1.8 1.8 18.2 50.9 20%
60%
47.7 44.4 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
40.2 8.5 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
abroad (55)
Masters/PhD in science
& engineering in
理工系修士・博士国内…8.4 Japan (320)
Masters/PhD in 文科系修士・博士留学(298)
humanities and social
science abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内…9.1 science in Japan (208)
0%
40%
22.0 単位・その他留学（女性）…
44.4 13.6 0.8 8.2 41.2 UG degree in 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
Japan (women) (376)
6.9 20%
23.1 3.6 学士留学（女性）(198)
38.9 8.1 17.7 53.0 UG credit-bearing/other
study abroad
単位・その他留学（女性）…
(women) (376)
0%
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
39.5 15.0 39.8 学士留学（女性）(198)
UG degree abroad (women)
(198)
100%
単位・その他留学（男性）…
53.5 11.3 1.0 12.9 34.1 UG degree in国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
Japan (men) (334)
5.7 80%
学士留学（男性）(218)
55.0 6.4 0.9 37.6 UG credit-bearing/other
study abroad
単位・その他留学（男性）…
(men) (381)
60%
Leadership
18.6 46.5 2.1 11.2 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
34.5 50.9 5.5 3.6 40.0 45.5 14.5 5.5 abroad (55)
Masters/PhD in science
&
engineering
in
理工系修士・博士国内…8.4 理工系修士・博士国内…
14.4 37.5 12.2 41.9 40.9 33.8 10.9 Japan (320)
Masters/PhD in文科系修士・博士留学(298)
humanities and social
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
40.3 14.1 1.3 36.2 48.3 47.0 12.1 0.7 science abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内…6.3 文系修士・博士国内…
12.0 47.6 34.1 15.9 44.7 27.4 12.0 science in Japan (208)
Flexibility
0%
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
学士留学（男性）(218)
20%
40%
48.0 0%
20%
40%
60%
38.1 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
4.5 38.0 12.9 学士留学（女性）(198)
46.0 4.0 2.0 49.5 38.9 Strongly agree
Relatively agree
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
Relatively disagree
11.5 0.9 1.8 42.8 13.8 44.9 11.1 1.5 54.5 45.2 Masters/PhD in science & engineering
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
41.8 7.3 1.8 45.5 45.5 abroad
(55)
Masters/PhD in science
&
engineering
in
理工系修士・博士国内…8.8 理工系修士・博士国内…
16.9 48.4 54.4 29.7 7.2 Japan (320)
Masters/PhD in文科系修士・博士留学(298)
humanities and social
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
41.6 37.6 51.3 10.4 0.7 science abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内…
文系修士・博士国内…10.1 15.9 48.6 32.7 6.7 50.5 science in Japan (208)
100%
21.0 42.4 7.7 50.3 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
34.0 7.7 80%
56.4 単位・その他留学（女性）…
24.5 54.8 10.1 1.3 33.8 UG degree in 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
Japan (women) (376)
8.0 100%
単位・その他留学（男性）…
20.7 16.5 1.0 56.4 46.1 UG degree abroad学士留学（女性）(198)
(women) (198)
UG credit-bearing/other study abroad
単位・その他留学（女性）…
(women)
(376)
80%
学士留学（男性）(218)
50.0 8.7 0.9 40.4 UG credit-bearing/other study abroad
単位・その他留学（男性）… 26.0 (men)
(381)
UG degree in国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
Japan (men) (334)
3.0 60%
Perseverance
18.9 38.3 41.8 2.1 8.8 12.7 3.6 28.1 44.6 6.6 12.8 1.0 27.9 7.7 Strongly disagree
7
3. Current income and position after study abroad, frequency of foreign language usage at work
Even an undergraduate degree or credits studied abroad lead to a
notably higher annual income
Men who obtained an undergraduate degree from an overseas university have an average
annual income of over 6 million yen. Women, too, earn around 1 million yen more (4.39
million yen) than their peers without an overseas degree. Even men who studied overseas for
credits earn 6.11 million yen, and so these results can be said to show that study abroad
experiences are related to career success.
Those who obtained a Masters degree or a PhD abroad, in both the sciences and the
humanities and social science, have an average annual income of over 7 million yen. However,
it should be noted that those who obtain Masters and PhDs tend to be older than those who
obtain undergraduate degrees (refer to page 3, Demographic and Attribute Data).
Ｑ
What is your current annual income?
By level and type/field of study
Average annual
income
(unit: 10,000 yen)
0%
20%
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
学士留学（男性）(218)
7.8 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
abroad (men) (381)
9.2 UG degree
in Japan (men) (334)
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
3.5 7.4 理工系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
3.7 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
7.4 18.1 16.8 15.1 611.3 (6.11m)
0.6 10.2 5.4 0.6 575.7 (5.75m)
1.0 4.0 16.7 15.4 3.7 2 - 4 million yen
10 - 15 million yen
24.9 4 - 6 million yen
15 - 20 million yen
10.6 722.2 (7.22m)
577.6 (5.77m)
6.0 5.7 805.7 (8.05m)
1.1 43.4 439.1 (4.39m)
7.5 13.2 18.6 15.4 1.5 4.5 0.5 7.7 2.9 0.3 345.5 (3.45m)
0.5 1.2 330.7 (3.30m)
3.9 21.4 0.3 1.9 7.4 24.1 30.2 26.8 文系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
4.2 science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
0 - 2 million yen
8 - 10 million yen
21.3 54.6 24.1 1.3 5.5 1.6 7.6 23.7 35.4 14.8 645.0 (6.45m)
14.7 20.3 35.9 18.7 100%
2.3 2.8 6.0 15.1 23.1 34.6 31.4 UG degree国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376)
80%
20.2 25.5 19.2 21.7 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
abroad
(women) (376)
60%
26.1 19.7 24.8 UG degree abroad
(women) (198)
学士留学（女性）(198)
Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(54)
engineering
abroad (55)
40%
10.1 5.8 514.6 (5.14m)
6 - 8 million yen
Over 20 million yen
*PPP for GDP: US$1 = JPY106 (OECD 2015)
1 million yen = US$9,433
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
8
Ｑ
What is your current position?
0%
20%
UG degree abroad
(men) (211)
学士留学（男性）(211)
UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（男性）(370)
abroad (men) (370)
40%
19.4 30.0 10.4 24.0 73.8 18.6
6.8 12.4
47.3 41.3 67.1 4.4
7.3 30.9
6.6 19.4
8.5 7.2 43.0
15.5 17.4
14.5 28.7 17.4 0.3 21.6 74.0 14.3 41.1
9.3 20.7 23.6 44.5
6.1 0.3 30.6
48.1 19.4 Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
science in Japan
(207)
大学院修了(207)
5.1 4.6 60.1 7.3 Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(293)
social science
abroad (293)
7.1 9.0 63.0 UG degree国内大学卒業（女性）(343)
in Japan (women) (343) 4.4 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
in Japan (319)
大学院修了(319)
100%
49.2 30.0 8.2 80%
39.3 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）(323)
3.7 8.7 abroad
(women) (323)
Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering
abroad (55)
60%
25.1 11.1 UG degree
in Japan (men) (327) 0.6 国内大学卒業（男性）(327)
UG degree abroad
(women) (183)
学士留学（女性）(183)
Percentage (%) in
Management
roles*
Executive/board member class
Managerial class including heads of departments/sections, managers, professors etc.
General staff class including assistant professors, etc.
* The percentage in management roles is the
total proportion of those in the “executive/board
Part-time/contract staff
member class” and in the “managerial class”
Other
Ｑ
How often do you use the language(s) other than Japanese in which you are competent [the foreign language in which you are most competent] in your current job?
* Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad.
0%
20%
UG degree abroad
(men) (211)
学士留学（男性）(211)
39.3 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（男性）(370)
abroad
(men) (370)
UG degree国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
in Japan (men) (327)
17.3 8.0 0.9 Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering
abroad (55)
29.7 5.8 2.0 18.0 19.2 18.5 20.8 20.2 23.2 32.2 10.9 26.6 18.8 25.1 Fairly often
10.9 16.4 51.1 59.7 Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
24.1 76.1 61.8 Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
5.3 9.7 science in Japan
(207)
大学院修了(208)
100%
23.7 28.9 21.9 16.0 Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(293)
social science
abroad (293)
80%
74.6 25.4 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
3.8 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(319)
Often
19.0 37.2 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）(323)
abroad
(women) (323)
60%
16.5 UG degree abroad
(women) (183)
学士留学（女性）(183)
UG degree 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (343)
40%
11.3 10.2 59.9 Sometimes
Never
9
4. Career impact of study abroad
Study abroad experiences are helpful to career planning
The differential impact on careers is not great when looking at the entire spectrum of study
abroad, but it is large for the undergraduate and postgraduate categories. Around 80% of
those who obtained an undergraduate degree abroad and 70% of those who studied for
credits responded that their study abroad experiences helped their career planning, rising to
90% of those who obtained a postgraduate degree. On the other hand, the undergraduate
experiences of those who did not study abroad had a relatively small impact on their careers.
These results show that study abroad experiences are felt by graduates to have a major
ongoing impact. Over 60% of those who obtained an undergraduate degree abroad use the
knowledge and skills gained in their work. Study abroad experiences are put to use at work,
and underpin future career progression.
Ｑ
To what extent do you consider that your study abroad [Japanese university]
experiences influenced your career?
* Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By item
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
100%
0%
20%
1キャリア設計の上で助けに
なった
33.0
1キャリア設計の上で助けに
7.3
36.7
23.0
11.3
なった
2現在の仕事に就く上で助け
になった
30.1
2現在の仕事に就く上で助け
15.7
32.3
21.8
になった
Helpful in planning my career
Helpful in gaining my current job
3現在の年収を高めるのに役
Helpful
in obtaining a higher current
salary
立った
I use
knowledge and skills gained
4現在の仕事において留学で
while studying abroad [at Japanese
学んだ知識やスキルを…
universities]
in my current job
Strongly agree
20.7
23.0
5起業しようという意欲が高
35.4
32.7
まった（営利・非営利）…
6NPOや社会活動をしようと
31.9
37.0
いう意欲が高まった
Relatively agree
33.1
24.3
4現在の仕事において留学で
17.5
34.3
24.1
10.7
学んだ知識やスキルを…
24.1
5起業しようという意欲が高
I gained
motivation to start a venture
(both
for-profit
and not-for-profit) 11.2
まった（営利・非営利）…
6NPOや社会活動をしようと
I gained
motivation to work with an
8.0
NPO/in
social action
いう意欲が高まった
23.3
9.6
60%
35.4
16.8
3現在の年収を高めるのに役
24.1
38.5
6.6
立った
14.1
40%
80%
38.0
15.3
32.3
17.8
44.0
30.7
100%
25.1
36.7
21.9
35.9
52.2
37.4
52.6
2.2
8.7
1.3
Relatively disagree
Strongly disagree
A survey of the hiring of those with study abroad experience and global skills (by total number
of employees)
Survey period: March 17, 2014 – June 27, 2014
Survey respondents: 423 HR managers at companies in Japan which were clients of DISCO Inc.
Q: How important is competency in foreign languages (languages other than Japanese) to
your company’s operations?
unit: percentage (%)
Overall
Very important
Quite important
Cannot say
Not very important
Hardly important at all
Total
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
8.9
33.7
20.0
19.2
18.3
100.0
299 staff or fewer
7.3
37.5
21.4
15.6
18.2
100.0
300 - 999 staff 1000 staff or more
10.8
9.2
27.7
35.5
17.6
21.1
21.6
23.7
22.3
10.5
100.0
100.0
10
By level and type/field of study
Helpful in planning my career
0%
20%
学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
40%
80%
0%
100%
学士留学（女性）(198)
UG degree abroad
(women) (198)
UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
abroad
(women) (376)
60%
38.0 28.7 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
17.8 41.6 Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
34.5 16.4 3.6 45.5 33.0 18.3 41.3 0%
学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
20%
18.8 28.9 UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381) 15.0 abroad (men) (381)
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
UG degree
in Japan (men) (334)
40%
60%
80%
100%
21.7 22.2 21.9 12.5 26.2 9.1 5.0 34.1 20%
40%
31.2 28.8 60%
15.4 80%
39.4 19.7 100%
22.0 7.3 40.7 24.6 学士留学（女性）(198)
34.8 21.2 24.4 15.2 44.3 31.3 18.9 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
48.7 30.3 16.8 4.3 理工系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
9.1 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
26.0 35.4 31.6 24.7 17.7 15.7 27.7 42.0 21.8 27.7 5.6 30.9 理工系修士・博士留学(55)
32.7 20.0 理工系修士・博士国内
40.9 19.1 大学院修了(320)
30.9 33.6 40.0 15.3 文科系修士・博士留学(298)
26.2 28.9 11.4 文系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
10.6 25.0 science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
Strongly agree
12.7 5.5 5.1 Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55) 16.4 engineering
abroad (55)
Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
0%
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
45.8 26.3 UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376) 11.4 21.3 単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
39.4 27.9 abroad (women) (376)
UG degree 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376)
37.5 21.6 学士留学（男性）(218)
36.2 16.1 3.3 学士留学（女性）(198)
UG degree abroad
(women) (198)
36.4 I use knowledge and skills gained
while studying abroad [at Japanese
university] in my current job
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
29.9 36.0 19.2 24.6 22.9 59.7 文系修士・博士国内
29.3 11.1 大学院修了(208)
Helpful in obtaining a higher
current salary
38.3 28.1 60.4 文科系修士・博士留学(298)
32.2 5.7 1.7 14.1 11.6 22.3 16.0 45.5 理工系修士・博士国内
29.4 11.3 大学院修了(320)
20.1 29.8 UG degree 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376) 6.4 30.3 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
44.4 18.9 10.1 28.7 Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering
abroad (55)
23.9 13.6 44.4 29.5 単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
37.0 29.0 4.5 100%
17.4 8.7 38.8 34.1 学士留学（女性）(198)
34.8 15.7 4.0 80%
34.9 23.6 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
44.3 19.8 7.8 45.5 40%
39.0 28.9 単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
41.2 23.6 6.3 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
4.5 31.4 UG degree
in Japan (men) (334)
20%
学士留学（男性）(218)
32.6 15.6 3.7 48.2 UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
abroad (men) (381)
60%
Helpful in gaining my current job
Relatively agree
文系修士・博士国内
40.4 24.0 大学院修了(208)
Relatively disagree
36.4 37.2 52.0 18.8 39.9 18.2 5.5 30.6 16.9 32.2 12.8 3.0 26.0 15.4 Strongly disagree
* The first title of each chart is the question for those with study abroad experience, and the second for those without
(where there is no such distinction, both groups were asked the same question).
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
11
Around 60% felt that their study abroad experiences were valued
As seen on the last page, a high proportion felt that study abroad helped their careers, but
around 60% felt that these experiences were valued during the recruiting process. This is
higher than the proportion for those with Japanese undergraduate or graduate degrees, but it
can be interpreted that the effects of study abroad as manifested in qualities, motivation, and
attitude are valued more highly than language abilities or study abroad in itself.
Ｑ
To what extent do you consider that the following aspects of your study abroad
[Japanese university] experiences were valued by recruiters?
* Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By item
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
1自分の留学経歴が評価
My
study abroad experience
was
valued
された
The
language skills I gained
2留学で身につけた語学
through study abroad were
力が評価された
valued
The
specialized knowledge
3留学で学んだ知識やス
and skills I gained through
キルが評価された
study
abroad were valued
20%
20.1
21.3
40%
36.0
34.7
60%
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
80%
28.0
26.9
0%
100%
15.9
36.7
7外国語運用能力が評価
My foreign language
competencies
were valued 5.9
された
43.3
34.7
29.7
19.7
Strongly agree
35.9
27.4
100%
16.9
36.7
49.6
19.1
39.1
32.5
6対外的なコミュニケー
My experience of external
ション経験が評価され
communications
was valued
Relatively disagree
48.2
21.9
26.8
3.1
10外国人とのコミュニ
My experience of
communicating with
5.7
ケーション経験が評価
foreigners was valued
された
.5
17.1
Relatively agree
80%
1.2
17.0
17.2
60%
れた
The
specialized knowledge
2学んだ専門的な知識や
and skills I gained were
9.2
スキルが評価された
valued
18.5
40%
1大学大学院の卒業（修
My undergraduate or
graduate
degree was valued 9.6
了）そのものが評価さ
per se
た
4外国人とのコミュニ
My experience of
communicating with
ケーション経験が評価
foreigners was valued
された
20%
51.0
42.8
Strongly disagree
A survey of the hiring of those with study abroad experience and global skills (by total number of
employees)
Q: How important is “possessing international experience” in your recruitment process?
Overall
Very important
Quite important
Cannot say
Not very important
Hardly important at all
Total
4.5
23.2
28.9
18.9
24.6
100.0
299 staff or fewer
4.6
23.2
27.3
18.6
26.3
100.0
unit: percentage (%)
300 - 999 staff 1000 staff or more
4.7
3.9
23.5
22.4
27.5
35.5
17.4
22.4
26.8
15.8
100.0
100.0
Q: “Overseas study experience” (irrespective of type/field) needs to be of what length to be valued
by your company?
unit: percentage (%)
1 year or longer
6 months or longer
3 months or longer
1 month or longer
Even study for under 1 month is valued
Overseas study is not valued
Total
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
Overall
37.9
18.1
3.6
3.1
5.1
32.1
100.0
299 staff or fewer
38.5
16.7
2.1
2.6
5.7
34.4
100.0
300 - 999 staff 1000 staff or more
36.3
39.5
18.5
21.1
4.8
5.3
3.4
3.9
5.5
2.6
31.5
27.6
100.0
100.0
12
By level and type/field of study
My study abroad experience was
valued / My undergraduate or
graduate degree was valued per se
0%
20%
学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
40%
80%
100%
0%
学士留学（男性）(218)
23.0 10.6 40.1 26.3 UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
abroad (men) (381)
60%
The specialized knowledge and skills I
gained through study abroad were valued
/ The specialized knowledge and skills I
gained were valued
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
UG degree
in Japan (men) (334) 3.9 33.8 40%
80%
15.7 32.3 22.5 46.4 28.7 100%
26.7 10.6 35.7 16.3 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
17.4 44.9 60%
38.2 24.4 単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
29.1 12.9 37.8 20.2 20%
2.4 UG degree abroad
(women) (198)
学士留学（女性）(198)
17.7 9.6 35.4 学士留学（女性）(198)
37.4 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
abroad
(women) (376)
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
27.7 14.6 38.6 14.9 19.1 UG degree国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376) 9.3 Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering
abroad (55)
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
18.2 10.9 40.0 30.9 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
14.7 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
10.1 31.3 science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
38.0 The language skills I gained through
study abroad were valued / My foreign
language competencies were valued
0%
20%
学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
abroad (men) (381)
40%
29.5 39.2 学士留学（男性）(218)
20.3 11.1 40.0 理工系修士・博士留学(55)
23.6 12.7 23.6 45.9 80%
39.6 16.0 41.5 21.2 13.4 29.4 41.3 13.1 52.4 31.3 38.4 25.0 100%
32.2 19.2 11.1 27.7 42.3 15.2 54.3 21.8 理工系修士・博士国内
45.3 8.1 大学院修了(320)
41.8 20.0 16.4 44.1 47.8 1.3 40.3 文系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
6.3 science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
39.4 2.9 Strongly agree
60%
0.5 理工系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
7.5 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
40%
25.8 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
54.0 2.9 41.0 0.3 Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering
abroad (55)
20%
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
35.1 27.7 14.9 22.3 UG degree 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376) 4.8 0%
33.8 学士留学（女性）(198)
17.2 9.1 39.9 UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
abroad (women) (376)
100%
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
49.7 5.7 0.6 44.6 0.6 学士留学（女性）(198)
UG degree abroad
(women) (198)
80%
23.1 25.5 My experience of communicating
with foreigners was valued
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
40.9 27.6 14.4 17.1 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
UG degree
in Japan (men) (334)
5.1 60%
13.4 5.4 41.6 35.6 15.9 13.8 30.9 41.6 39.6 文系修士・博士国内
20.7 大学院修了(208)
21.8 7.3 45.5 25.5 文科系修士・博士留学(298)
11.7 6.0 39.6 42.6 19.9 47.1 理工系修士・博士国内
26.6 14.1 13.8 大学院修了(320)
44.7 16.8 34.3 34.0 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
17.0 37.0 6.4 26.6 36.7 24.7 12.1 31.8 31.3 Relatively agree
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
38.9 16.1 4.7 34.2 文系修士・博士国内
51.4 7.2 大学院修了(208)
1.0 Relatively disagree
42.6 40.9 17.8 5.4 51.0 Strongly disagree
* The first title of each chart is the question for those with study abroad experience, and the second for those without
(where there is no such distinction, both groups were asked the same question).
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
13
5. Proactivity towards classes and extracurricular activities
Striving to succeed in a new culture and environment while
studying abroad leads to a sense of personal growth
There is a remarkable difference between the degree of proactivity towards classes and
extracurricular activities shown during study abroad and during the university careers of those
who remained in Japan. Study at an overseas university requires not only the use of an
unfamiliar foreign language, but also a positive attitude towards classes and assignments.
Continued perseverance in such an environment leads to improved abilities and the nurturing of
values (see “1. Changes in perceptions and values through study abroad” and “2. Improvement
in abilities through study abroad”). Graduates of Japanese universities with no study abroad
experience exhibit a passive overall attitude towards classes, revealing a striking contrast to
those with study abroad experience.
Ｑ
This question refers to your class‐related activities during your study abroad
[at Japanese university]. Please respond to each of the items below.
* Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By item
■Class‐related activities
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
20%
I worked proactively on
4宿題に積極的に取り組んだ
assignments
38.8
40%
60%
80%
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
100%
0%
45.5
13.5
8.6
4宿題に積極的に取り組んだ
20%
40%
33.4
60%
38.7
80%
100%
39.1
2.2
3クラスメートと積極的に交
I interacted proactively with
classmates
流した
29.2
3クラスメートと積極的に交
50.3
18.2
8.9
流した
40.1
35.9
28.7
2.4
I5授業内のプレゼンテーショ
worked proactively on in-class
presentations
ンに積極的に取り組んだ
25.8
5授業内のプレゼンテーショ
47.6
23.3
7.0
ン（発表や準備）に積極的に
取り組んだ
26.3
47.4
27.0
6.9
2先生と積極的に交流した
25.3
41.9
15.2
3.3
I interacted proactively with
2先生と積極的に交流した
professors
22.4
39.2
19.3
3.1
I spoke
up proactively in class
1授業で積極的に発言した
16.9
40.0
37.3
2.6 12.3
1授業で積極的に発言した
46.0
24.8
5.8
Strongly agree
Relatively agree
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
Relatively disagree
Strongly disagree
14
Those who studied abroad were also more proactive towards
extracurricular activities
Since interacting with those from other cultures is also particularly emphasized when
studying abroad, many study abroad participants were motivated to communicate with those
in their accommodation or homestay and to participate in university events.
On the other hand, graduates of Japanese universities with no study abroad experience were
proactive towards their part-time jobs, but showed a little engagement with other
extracurricular activities.
Ｑ
This question refers to extracurricular activities during study abroad [at Japanese
university]. Please respond to each of the items below.
* Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By item
■Extracurricular activities
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
20%
I interacted proactively with
1学生宿舎や寮で積極的に交
other students流した
at my student 14.3
accommodation/dormitory
40%
60%
36.5
80%
21.0
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
0%
100%
25.3
20%
40%
60%
I interacted proactively with
11学生宿舎や寮で積極的に交
other students at my
5.6 18.9 21.0
流した
student accommodation/
dormitory
80%
100%
52.5
2.0
3.0
I13アルバイトで積極的に活動
worked proactively at my
15.8
した job
part-time
3アルバイト／インターン
I worked
proactively at my
シップ／アシスタントシップ
part-time job/internship/ 11.3 21.2 14.3
で積極的に活動した
assistantship
33.2
24.7 12.8 13.5
48.1
5.0
I14インターンシップで積極的
worked proactively at my
4.716.7
に活動した
internship
52.1
24.7
1.8
I4クラブ活動に積極的に参加
took part proactively in
した
club activities
18.4 17.7 7.7
48.2
15クラブ・サークル活動に積
I took part proactively in
13.1 16.3 20.6
極的に参加した
club/group
activities
8.0
I5学内の行事（学生自治会、
took part proactively in
学内のイベント）などで積極
university
activities (student 10.6
的に活動した
union, university
events etc.)
35.1
26.5 7.7 20.2
18学内の行事（学生自治会、
I took part proactively in
学内のイベント）などで積極
university
activities (student 14.0
的に活動した
union, university
events etc.)
30.3
18.7
31.2
24.7
28.0
3.0
I6ボランティア活動に積極的
took part proactively in
に参加した
volunteering
17.6 19.6 13.0
43.2
19ボランティア活動に積極的
I took part proactively in
6.1 19.9
に参加した
volunteering
6.7
Strongly agree
31.6
41.1
1.4
Relatively agree
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
Relatively disagree
Strongly disagree
15
6. Satisfaction with life and work
The degree to which those with and without study abroad
experience are satisfied with work does not vary
As seen on previous pages, even though there is a difference between the careers of those
with study abroad experience and those without, no significant difference was observed
between their levels of satisfaction with work and income. Nor is there any gap between those
who studied abroad for an undergraduate degree, for credits, or for a postgraduate degree.
However, those with study abroad experience had a higher level of satisfaction with life than
those without. It can be inferred that study abroad encourages interaction and friendship with
people who have diverse values, and interest in and engagement with social issues, bringing
an improved quality of life.
Ｑ
How satisfied are you with each of the following items?
By item
People with study
abroad experience
(4,489)
0%
1あなたは、現在の仕事
Are
you satisfied with your
current job?
に満足している
20%
80%
100%
0%
20%
1あなたは、現在の仕事
7.2
12.5
26.5
に満足している
2あなたは、現在の収入
3.9
24.4
36.2
に満足している
32.8
3大学・大学院の経験に
20.3 4.8
満足している
48.4
26.5
40%
60%
80%
13.8
35.4
43.7
26.0
41.9
28.2
100%
13.5
50.7
27.1
8.7
12.4
50.8
29.0
7.8
4あなたは、仕事以外の
4あなたは、仕事以外の
Are you satisfied with your
プライベートな生活に満
life outside work?
足している
19.1
5あなたは、交友関係に
Are
you satisfied with your
friendships?
満足している
18.2
6あなたは、人生に満足
している
15.8
Are you satisfied with life?
60%
47.4
13.6
2あなたは、現在の収入
Are
you satisfied with your
6.6
current income?
に満足している
Are
you satisfied with your
3あなたは、自分の留学
study abroad [Japanese
経験に満足している
university]
experience?
40%
People without study
abroad experience
(1,298)
プライベートな生活に満
5.6
24.0
51.4
足している
Strongly agree
5あなたは、交友関係に
8.3
22.5 4.0
満足している
55.2
53.1
6あなたは、人生に満足
7.2
6.6
24.6
している
Relatively agree
Relatively disagree
51.8
49.2
32.3
34.1
7.6
9.6
Strongly disagree
* An item in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
16
By level and type/field of study
Are you satisfied with your current job?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Are you satisfied with your current
income?
100%
0%
20%
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
学士留学（男性）(218)
14.7 44.5 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381) 13.9 abroad (men) (381)
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
7.9 50.9 22.8 12.3 UG degree
in Japan (men) (334)
国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
4.5 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
36.2 11.7 43.9 45.5 理工系修士・博士留学(55)
25.5 9.1 20.0 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
8.1 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
7.2 science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
Are you satisfied with your study
abroad [Japanese university]
experience?
0%
20%
UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
abroad (men) (381)
UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
abroad (women) (376)
学士留学（男性）(218)
45.4 12.8 4.1 24.2 単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
52.4 19.1 4.3 理工系修士・博士留学(55)
40.0 9.1 3.6 58.4 0%
20%
21.6 50.5 Relatively agree
33.9 40%
16.8 29.8 60%
80%
53.2 23.9 7.9 38.6 57.1 19.7 30.9 23.7 4.3 33.5 40.0 52.2 26.2 23.6 9.3 5.5 29.4 10.3 51.0 46.6 11.1 23.2 5.1 52.4 49.7 100%
18.8 11.5 54.9 45.5 文系修士・博士国内
9.1 20.7 7.2 大学院修了(208)
Relatively disagree
23.8 39.4 16.5 理工系修士・博士国内
8.1 18.8 7.8 大学院修了(320)
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
41.3 16.1 1.7 40.9 18.2 Are you satisfied with life?
7.4 45.2 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
31.6 9.3 47.3 26.3 33.1 38.3 学士留学（女性）(198)
14.6 41.4 13.6 4.5 40.4 理工系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
15.0 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
Strongly agree
100%
21.8 36.4 37.8 4.8 49.1 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
34.4 10.8 Masters/PhD
in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering abroad (55)
文系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
science in Japan
(208)
大学院修了(208)
80%
31.3 40.7 27.3 単位・その他留学（男性）(381)
13.4 49.1 23.1 6.0 21.8 UG degree 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376)
13.8 Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学(298)
social science
abroad (298)
60%
37.6 5.7 UG degree国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
in Japan (men) (334)
学士留学（女性）(198)
UG degree abroad
(women) (198)
40%
26.6 37.9 文系修士・博士国内
5.3 25.5 34.1 12.0 大学院修了(208)
46.6 22.0 46.8 2.1 18.2 100%
30.3 46.7 24.7 文科系修士・博士留学(298)
11.1 51.7 18.8 8.4 80%
29.7 29.8 理工系修士・博士国内
5.3 33.4 14.1 大学院修了(320)
44.4 21.1 学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
40.4 単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
7.7 46.3 24.7 13.8 UG degree 国内大学卒業（女性）(376)
in Japan (women) (376) 8.2 60%
33.0 学士留学（女性）(198)
5.1 25.8 28.8 16.2 38.9 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）(376)
15.2 abroad
(women) (376)
Masters/PhD in science &
理工系修士・博士留学(55)
engineering
abroad (55)
学士留学（男性）(218)
4.6 32.1 23.4 17.4 国内大学卒業（男性）(334)
3.0 23.7 37.4 17.1 41.0 UG degree abroad
(women) (198) 16.2 学士留学（女性）(198)
40%
17.8 5.0 35.6 8.7 Strongly disagree
* An item in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
17
7. Changes in behavior as a result of study abroad
Those who studied abroad in high school are proactive towards
activities which contribute to society
It can be seen that people who studied abroad in high school are significantly proactive
towards community activities and exchange activities. Many of these people experienced
homestays for comparatively long periods while studying at an overseas high school, and had
many opportunities for sustained interaction with their host families and members of the local
community. The influence of these experiences may be manifested in their subsequent
awareness and behaviors.
Ｑ
To what degree do you consider that your involvement with the following types of activity has increased as a result of study abroad [graduation of Japanese university]?
* Questions in square brackets were those for respondents without study abroad experience.
By level and type/field of study
Arts and cultural
development/
educational
support activities
Activities which
contribute to the
local community
0%
20%
高校留学(143)
High school study abroad
(143)
17.5 40%
39.2 60%
80%
高校留学()
0%
20%
16.8 40%
33.6 60%
80%
Local
environmental
activities
0%
20%
高校留学() 15.4 40%
60%
80%
41.3 学士留学（男性）(218)
UG degree abroad
(men) (218)
9.2 19.3 学士留学（男性）() 7.3 14.7 学士留学（男性）() 13.8 23.9 単位・その他留学（男
単位・その他留学（男
単位・その他留学（男
UG credit-bearing/other
study
7.6 28.1 7.6 12.3 37.3 abroad (men) 性）(381)
(381)
性）()
性）()
国内大学卒業（男性）
国内大学卒業（男性）
UG degree in Japan
(men) (334)
6.6 14.4 36.5 国内大学卒業（男性）
()
17.1 0.3 1.2 2.1 学士留学（女性）(198)
UG degree abroad
(women) (198) 9.6 23.7 学士留学（女性）()
21.7 学士留学（女性）() 10.6 32.3 5.1 UG credit-bearing/other
study
単位・その他留学（女
単位・その他留学（女
単位・その他留学（女
8.5 19.4 8.2 31.9 8.0 31.6 abroad (women)
(376)
性）()
性）()
性）(376)
国内大学卒業（女性）
国内大学卒業（女性）
国内大学卒業（女性）
UG degree in Japan (women) (376)
11.7 17.3 16.8 ()
()
(376)
1.3 1.9 1.3 Masters/PhD
in science &
理工系修士・博士留学
理工系修士・博士留学
理工系修士・博士留学
14.5 36.4 7.3 32.7 engineering abroad
(55)
()
()
(55)
3.6 3.6 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
理工系修士・博士国内
理工系修士・博士国内
6.6 17.5 11.6 in Japan 大学院修了(320)
(320)
大学院修了()
大学院修了()
1.9 1.6 1.6 文科系修士・博士留学
Masters/PhD in文科系修士・博士留学
humanities and 10.1 文科系修士・博士留学
7.4 28.6 12.1 35.0 40.4 ()
()
(297)
social science abroad (298)
文系修士・博士国内
文系修士・博士国内
文系修士・博士国内
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
12.5 13.5 13.5 大学院修了()
大学院修了()
大学院修了(208)
science in Japan
(208)
1.9 2.9 4.8 ()
(334)
I frequently participate
I sometimes participate
* Choices of response included not only “I frequently participate ” and “I sometimes participate”, but also “I seldom
participate” and “I never participate”; however, the graphs show only the positive responses.
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
18
By level and type/field of study
Support activities for
people with diverse values
and cultural backgrounds
0%
High school study abroad高校留学()
(143)
20%
16.1 40%
UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（男性）() 10.0 abroad
(men) (381)
0%
80%
24.7 38.8 8.4 1.2 学士留学（女性）() 11.6 35.4 14.9 34.3 8.5 1.9 理工系修士・博士留学() 12.7 40.0 国内大学卒業（女性）()
1.1 Masters/PhD
in science &
理工系修士・博士留学()
engineering abroad (55)
5.5 Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
6.3 in Japan (320)
大学院修了()
27.3 理工系修士・博士国内
大学院修了()
8.8 0.9 0.6 Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学()
15.2 social science
abroad (298)
33.0 文科系修士・博士留学()
文系修士・博士国内
大学院修了()
15.4 1.9 22.6 0%
20%
40%
41.3 27.3 18.3 15.2 16.8 24.7 4.8 Masters/PhD
in science &
理工系修士・博士留学()
14.5 engineering abroad (55)
Masters/PhD in science
& engineering
理工系修士・博士国内
in Japan (320)
大学院修了()
80%
0%
20%
高校留学()
40%
単位・その他留学（男性）()
41.7 15.2 60%
80%
39.2 28.0 15.1 32.1 43.6 国内大学卒業（男性）()
36.9 15.0 1.8 学士留学（女性）()
17.2 単位・その他留学（女性）()
40.2 14.6 UG degree in Japan
(women) (376)
国内大学卒業（女性）()
Exchange activities with
people active in diverse
fields
学士留学（男性）()
31.2 国内大学卒業（男性）()
UG degree in Japan
(men) (334)
18.3 3.0 13.6 UG degree abroad 学士留学（女性）()
(women) (198)
60%
39.4 2.9 Exchange activities with
people of diverse
ages/generations
UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）()
abroad
(women) (376)
22.9 11.0 27.1 単位・その他留学（女性）()
UG degree in Japan
(women) (376)
国内大学卒業（女性）()
3.5 UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（男性）()
abroad
(men) (381)
80%
国内大学卒業（男性）()
UG credit-bearing/other study
単位・その他留学（女性）()
11.2 abroad
(women) (376)
UG degree abroad学士留学（男性）()
(men) (218)
60%
45.5 14.2 単位・その他留学（男性）()
29.7 1.5 学士留学（女性）()
5.1 UG degree abroad (women)
(198)
High school study abroad高校留学()
(143)
40%
19.6 学士留学（男性）()
国内大学卒業（男性）()
6.3 UG degree in Japan
(men) (334)
20%
高校留学()
36.4 9.6 16.1 UG degree abroad学士留学（男性）()
(men) (218)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
science in Japan 大学院修了()
(208)
60%
Exchange activities with
people with diverse values
and cultural backgrounds
35.9 14.4 国内大学卒業（女性）()
14.9 2.7 36.4 理工系修士・博士留学() 12.7 23.4 理工系修士・博士国内
大学院修了()
3.8 Masters/PhD in humanities and
文科系修士・博士留学()
21.5 social science
abroad (298)
Masters/PhD in humanities
and social
文系修士・博士国内
6.3 25.5 science in Japan大学院修了()
(208)
I frequently participate
32.3 40.0 18.4 2.8 文科系修士・博士留学()
37.0 文系修士・博士国内
大学院修了()
21.9 40.7 26.4 4.3 I sometimes participate
* Choices of response included not only “I frequently participate ” and “I sometimes participate”, but also “I seldom
participate” and “I never participate”; however, the graphs show only the positive responses..
Study Abroad Impact Research: Summary Report
19
JSPS-funded Research Project “International Comparative Research into Global
Personnel Development and Long-term Impact of Study Abroad”
Project members
Shingo Ashizawa, Toyo University (Faculty of Regional Development Studies)
Isao Nitta, Meiji University (School of Political Science and Economics)
Kazuo Kuroda, Waseda University (Faculty of International Research and
Education)
Akira Kobayashi, Meiji University (School of Global Japanese Studies)
Yuki Watabe, Hitotsubashi University (Graduate School of Commerce and
Management)
Yuichi Kondo, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University (College of Asia Pacific
Studies)
Masahiro Yokota, Meiji University (School of Global Japanese Studies)
Hiroshi Ota, Hitotsubashi University (Center for Global Education)
Akiyoshi Yonezawa, Nagoya University (Graduate School of
International Development)
Yuto Kitamura, the University of Tokyo (Graduate School of Education)
Hiroko Akiba, Hitotsubashi University (Graduate School of Commerce
and Management)
Yukiko Shimmi, Hitotsubashi University (Graduate School of Law)
Miki Horie, Ritsumeikan University (Ritsumeikan International)
Research partner organizations
Motoi Kawamura, Yell Value, Inc.
Takayasu Omura, Japan Association for Promotion of
Internationalization (JAPI)
Raku Hayakawa, Anzas International Co., Ltd.
Madoka Tatsuno, Global Incubation x Fostering Talents (GiFT)
Even after this research project ends, the results of this survey will continue to be put to use by the Research
Consortium for the Sustainable Promotion of International Education (http://recsie.or.jp/) on the two websites below.
About the Global JINZAI 5000 Project
This project aims to boost participation in study abroad and exchange activities by Japanese people; to
support study abroad by the young generation; and to share the value of study abroad universally, across
generations, as well as to construct an online community to support study abroad by the young
generation, with the goal of contributing to global personnel development.
Global JINZAI 5000 Project
Disseminating the Impact of Study Abroad
Retrospective Research on 5000 Study Abroad Participants
Global JINZAI 5000 Project website
Contact email
http://gj5000.jp/
[email protected]
About Ryugaku no Susume.jp
“Ryugaku no Susume.jp” is an online community which not only features profiles of and interviews with
people who have studied abroad, but also has communicative functions allowing young people who hope to
study abroad to ask them questions and get advice. Currently, Meiji University, Toyo University, Hitotsubashi
University, and Tohoku University are collaborating on this project, and have incorporated it into their
courses. Those who have studied abroad can use the site primarily in order to support the next generation of
students and to network with others who have overseas study experience. Current students can read
interviews about study abroad experiences, search for those who have studied abroad according to their
current career or study abroad experiences, ask questions about things which concern them, or apply for an
interview.
Ryugaku no Susume website: http://ryugaku-susume.jp/
Enquiries about this survey
Masahiro Yokota, School of Global Japanese Studies, Meiji University
Email: [email protected]
TEL / FAX: +81-3-5343-8262
Enquiries about data
Motoi Kawamura, Yell Value, Inc.
Email: [email protected]
Global JINZAI 5000 Project http://gj5000.jp/
The results of this survey are also available on the above website, along with project outcomes.
GJ5000 Search

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