東京大・後期【総合科目Ⅰ】解答例

東京大・後期【総合科目Ⅰ】解答例
第１問
(1)
確かに人間にとっては、自尊心や威厳、達成感から得られる無形の
強化は、物質的な報酬よりもはるかにやる気を起こさせるものになり得
る。同様に、動物にとっては自分が何らかの目的を持っていると考える
ことが重要で、社会的動物の場合はその目的には他者と有意義な交流を
することが含まれており、そして協力することによって得られる自尊心
がクラッカーを得ることよりも重要であることもあり得るのだろうか。
(2)
According to the text, there are at least two similarities between
the behaviors of wild animals and animals in captivity. First, they both
seem to do a certain work with humans without expecting to be given
material rewards from humans. Second, they both end up voluntarily
cooperating with humans as they pursue their own interests. The
captive animals do so because of their desire to feel a sense of control
in their confined situation. In the case of the wild dolphins, they help
humans catch fish because they know they will gain the benefit of food
easily if they take advantage of human activity. (104 words)
(3)
I don’t think the text coherently answers the question. The
author of the text gives some examples of wild and captive animals
cooperating with humans, and explains that animals try to be useful
for people because cooperation may benefit them in some way. For
example, the killer whale mentioned in the text gives his cooperation
to his trainer. By doing so, he seems to want to assert control over the
situation. However, it is possible that animals cooperate not with
human beings, but with other species of animals, as long as it is in
their interest to do so. Therefore, the text has not clarified why
animals would want to cooperate with none other than humans.
(116 words)
東京大・後期【総合科目Ⅰ】解答例
第２問
(1)
私はそうした学校が統計の数字を改ざんしているのだと言っている
のではないが、それでも学校が言っていることを鵜呑みにしてはいけな
い。なぜか？ MBA を取ろうとする人は、そうしない人とは異なる人間
だからである。この２組の集団の収入差は、MBA の学位それ自体とは全
く関係がない数多くの理由から生じるのである。
(2)
The “swimmer’s body illusion” discussed in the text refers to the
author’s opinion that it’s an illusion to think you can get a well-formed
and ‘streamlined’ body like that of professional swimmers simply
through training. The author explains how this ‘illusion’ is seen in
other fields, such as cosmetics advertising and education. The author
implies that professional swimmers become swimmers because they
were born with bodies fit for swimming, and the girls used in cosmetic
advertising were born beautiful, and people who attend expensive
MBA programs are already born into a wealthy environment and more
likely to succeed in business anyway. Those of us without the body,
beauty or money, should not think we can change that. (117 words)
(3)
The author argues that everything in our life is determined in
advance as if by our genes. However, first of all, it is quite difficult to
tell whether one’s achievement is due to his or her innate ability or
strenuous effort. Second, we know that some people actually have
overcome enormous odds and made great achievement. The founders of
Apple Computer and Microsoft Corp. both dropped out of college, and
yet they achieved a great deal. I think these kinds of people make
strenuous effort without being noticed. If we made no efforts, assuming
they have nothing to do with what we can achieve, human beings
would not make any progress. (111 words)

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