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"#$+ +#"@%#+#f &KbMUSJf+@ &#wfV 5/0Qk QV # ^ % t 3 [: +# +V &KbMdTJ 7' #@ &+_":-aY:"%8%3!3 +0&+* pk 2 : +0 a +_3 8-: 6 p # &KbMdTJ z 0 !F &+_":-aY:"%8%3!3 t35-4 :- & t3+#[$C&KbMUUJ#'' &" (-_ iS+_" 7 +_3 t 3 7Q + 5@ 5! &KbMUMJ :%- + &!-)Y F:;# *V !3 +0&+%-+y!* &+ *V h+_&bMdT(8Q sD -:-3&KbMdTJ+ *V t 3 F" 8-: &KbMUbJ +) @%# _a FG V &FG V 3&+)+_3 bbM 4 :- & 5V' @ t3;# * &KbMdbJa%- 0=N &" (-_ d# t35-!6 h+* pk 2 : t38-: # &KbMdSJ%Y% %- "V '{a%3!3 +0 &! 4*+Q FG &s% h+_ &a_ "#' -a &KbMRibMSRJ + <t ( # &KbMdbJ &v q %t@ &"#35/0 t 3 C # &KbMS J + + @%# _a Q 3 %$ &3 %$3&K"%+_3# - J +# :-a ! # )!3 a /0 &KbMdJ Q' ( f* D w! fp &Mh"-3bb"&:-aY: & +_3%!8I* hF'+#:-a5 pk 2 : &KbMdJ%- Q &h"-3d"& !w'&++ FG /0J t 3 [: 3# * !# &KbMdbJ +8- ' &#_a#h+_&K+F+%-+_D1+ Narayan, Deepa (1995). Designing Community Based Development. Washington: World Bank. Imani Jajarmi, Hossein and Azkia, Mostafa (2009). Challenges for Local Democracy in Iran: A Study of Islamic City Councils. 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