Ꮫ⩦㻌㻟㻱㼂㻝㻜㻝㻌
᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
ྠ୍౯್ࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥㛫ࡢ㑅ᢥሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚
カ⦎᫬ࡢྛ่⃭࡬ࡢ⁫ᅾ᫬㛫ࡀᑗ᮶ࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪
‫ۑ‬㛗ᓥ ឡ㸯࣭஭ᇉ➉ᬕ㸰࣭ᆏୖ㈗அ㸱
㸦㸯៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ♫఍Ꮫ◊✲⛉࣭㸰ᮾிዪᏛ㤋኱Ꮫ ᅜ㝿ᩍ㣴Ꮫ㒊࣭㸰៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ ᩥᏛ㒊㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: 㑅ᢥ࣭㑅ዲ࣭ᒚṔ
Controlling dwell time on two identical VI alternatives in previous training can affect their choice ratios in future test
Megumi NAGASHIMA1, Takeharu IGAKI2 and Takayuki SAKAGAMI3,#
( Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio Univ., 2 Tokyo Jogakkan College, 3Faculty of Letters, Keio Univ.)
Key words: Choice, Preference, History
1
㸦㸰㸧ࢸࢫࢺ
ྛ᮲௳࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㑅ᢥ⋡ࡢᏳᐃࢆ☜ㄆᚋࠊࢸࢫࢺ࡬⛣ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ VI 40s. (A)࡜ VI 40s. (B)ࢆ 1 ศ㛫࿊♧ࡋࡓヨ⾜(௨
ୗࠊࢸࢫࢺヨ⾜࡜࿧ࡪ)ࢆྛ᮲௳ࡢカ⦎ヨ⾜ࡢ᭱୰࡟ࣉ࣮ࣟࣈ
ヨ⾜࡜ࡋ࡚ᤄධࡋࡓࠋ
⤖ ᯝ
ྛ᮲௳ࡢࢸࢫࢺヨ⾜࡟࠾ࡅࡿ VI 40s. (B)ࡢྛಶయࡢ㑅ᢥ⋡
ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ᮲௳ 1 ࡛ࡣ VI 40s.㸦B㸧ࡢ㑅ᢥ⋡
ࡣ 0.65 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ0.5 ࡼࡾࡶ᭷ព࡞ᕪ࡛኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ䠄t (3) = 4.65,
p < .05䠅䚹᮲௳ 2 䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸VI 40s.㸦B㸧ࡢ㑅ᢥ⋡ࡣ 0.49 ࡛࠶
ࡾࠊ0.5 ࡜ࡣ᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ䠄t (3) = -0.33, p > .1䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸᮲
௳ 3 䛻䛚䛡䜛 VI 40s.㸦B㸧ࡢ㑅ᢥ⋡ࡣ 0.56 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡕࡽࡶ
᮲௳ 2 ࡜ྠᵝࠊ0.5 ࡜᭷ព࡞ᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ䠄t (3) = 0.91, p > .1䠅䚹
䛧䛛䛧᮲௳ 3 䛾㑅ᢥ⋡䛿᮲௳ 1 䛻䜒᮲௳ 2 䛻䜒᭷ព䛺ᕪ䛿䛺䛛䛳
䛯䠄F(2, 18) = 2.58, p >.1䠅䚹
⪃ ᐹ
ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ௬ㄝ㏻ࡾࠊカ⦎᫬࡟ VI 40s. (A)࡜ VI 40s.(B)ࡢ࿊
♧᫬㛫ࢆ➼ࡋࡃࡋࡓሙྜࡢ 2 ᮲௳࡛ࡣࠊBelke㸦1992㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ
࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊVI 40s. (A)࡜ VI 40s. (B)ࡢ㑅ዲࡀ࡯ࡰ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ
ࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ௨๓⤒㦂῭ࡳࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥࠿
ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ᪂つࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ᑐ࡟ಶయࡀᑐ㠃ࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢ෌
ࡢ㑅ᢥ⾜ືࡣࠊカ⦎᫬࡟࡝ࢀࡔࡅࡢ᫬㛫ࡑࡢ่⃭ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ
࠿࡟౫Ꮡࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮏᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ⤖ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ᮲
௳ 3 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ᮲௳ 1 ࡟ࡶఝ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿ࡽࠊ㑅ᢥሙ㠃ࢆ
㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⮬⏤࡟⾜࠼ࡿ࠿ᙉไⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡢ㐪࠸ࡶ
㑅ᢥ⾜ື࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊ㑅ᢥሙ
㠃ࡢ㑅ᢥ᪉ἲࢆᵝࠎ࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ᳨
ウࢆ⾜࠺࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Belke, T. W. (1992). Stimulus preference and the transivity of
preference. Animal Learning 㸤 Behavior, 20, 401-406.
䝔䝇䝖ヨ⾜䛷䛾㼂㻵㻌㻠㻜㼟㻚㻔㻮㻕䛾
㑅ᢥ⋡
┠ ⓗ
࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢࡢἲ๎ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㡹೺࡞㑅ᢥࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ Belke䠄1992䠅䛾ᐇ㦂䛷䛿䚸conc. VI 20s.
VI 40s.䛸 conc. VI 40s. VI 80s.䛾 2 䛴䛾䝁䞁䝫䞊䝛䞁䝖䜢 1 ศ䛚䛝
䛻ᙉไⓗ䛻࿊♧䛩䜛カ⦎䜢⾜䛳䛯ᚋ䚸VI 20s.䛸ඹ䛻࿊♧䛥䜜䛯
VI 40s.䠄௨ୗ䚸VI 40s. (A)䛸䛩䜛䠅䛸 VI 80s.䛸ඹ䛻࿊♧䛥䜜䛯 VI
40s.䠄௨ୗ䚸VI 40s.(B)䛸䛩䜛䠅䛾㛫䛾㑅ᢥ䝔䝇䝖䜢⾜䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䚸VI
40s. (B)䛻ᑐ䛧ಶయ䛿䜘䜚ከ䛟㑅ᢥ䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖⤖ᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䚹䝬䝑
䝏䞁䜾䛾ἲ๎䛛䜙䛿ྠ୍౯್䛷䛒䜛 VI 40s.ྠኈ䛾㑅ᢥ䛿 1䠖1 䛻
䛺䜛䛸ண 䛥䜜䜛䛜䚸䛣䜜䛸䛿␗䛺䜛⤖ᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛸䛔䛘䜛䚹
Belke䠄1992䠅䛾ᡭ⥆䛝䛷䛿 VI 20s. VI 40s. (A) VI 40s. (B) VI
80s.䛾⁫ᅾ᫬㛫ẚ䛜 2䠖1䠖2䠖1 䛸䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸2 䛴䛾 VI 40s.䛾⁫ᅾ
᫬㛫䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䛻ᮏᐇ㦂䛷䛿ὀ┠䛧䚸カ⦎᫬䛻⤒㦂
䛧䛯⁫ᅾ᫬㛫ẚ䛜䝔䝇䝖᫬䛾㑅ᢥ䛻཯ᫎ䛥䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖௬ㄝ䜢❧䛶
䛯䚹䛣䛾௬ㄝ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸ᮏᐇ㦂䛷䛿カ⦎୰䛾 2 䛴䛾 VI
40s.䛾⁫ᅾ᫬㛫䜢➼䛧䛟䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺᧯స䜢⾜䛔䚸2 䛴䛾 VI 40s.㛫
䛾㑅ዲ䛜➼䛧䛟䛺䜛䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢ぢ䛯䚹1 䛴䛾᮲௳䛷䛿䚸conc. VI 20s.
VI 40s. (A)䛸 conc. VI 40s. (B) VI 80s.䛾 2 䛴䛾䝁䞁䝫䞊䝛䞁䝖䜢ಶ
య䛜⮬⏤䛻㑅䜉䜛䜘䛖䛻䛧䚸ྛ䝁䞁䝫䞊䝛䞁䝖䛾⁫ᅾ᫬㛫䜢 2䠖1 䛻
䛧䛯䚹ู䛾᮲௳䛷䛿ྛ䝁䞁䝫䞊䝛䞁䝖䛾⁫ᅾ᫬㛫䜢 2䠖1 䛾᫬㛫ẚ
䛷ᙉไⓗ䛻࿊♧䛧䛯䚹௨ୖ䛾᧯స䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䚸VI 20s. VI 40s.
(A) VI 40s. (B) VI 80s.䛾⁫ᅾ᫬㛫ẚ䜢 4䠖2䠖2䠖1 䛻䛧䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䛣
䛾 2 䛴䛾᮲௳䛸䚸Belke(1992)䛾෌⌧䛷䛒䜛 VI 20s. VI 40s. (A) VI
40s. (B) VI 80s.䛾⁫ᅾ᫬㛫ẚ䛜 2䠖1䠖2䠖1 䛾䜎䜎䛾᮲௳䜢ẚ䜉䚸2
䛴䛾 VI 40s.㛫䛾㑅ዲ䜈䛾㐪䛔䜢᮲௳㛫䛷ẚ㍑᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹
᪉ ἲ
⿕㦂య࣭⿦⨨ ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣୖ㏙ࡢ㸱᮲௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㸯᮲௳࡟
ࡘࡁ 4 ⩚ࠊィ 12 ⩚ࡢࢹࣥࢩࣙࣂࢺࢆ⿕㦂య࡜ࡋࡓࠋయ㔜ࡣ⮬
⏤ᦤ㣗᫬య㔜ࡢ 80㸫85㸣࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺⤫ไࡉࢀࡓࠋ⿦⨨ࡣ 3 ࢟
࣮ࡢࣁࢺ⏝ࡢᐇ㦂⟽ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
ᡭ⥆ࡁ
㸦㸯㸧カ⦎
᮲௳ 1 Belke(1992)࡜ ࡯ ࡰ ྠ ࡌ ᡭ ⥆ ࡁ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓ ࠋ
conc.VI 20s. VI 40s. (A) ࡜ conc. VI 40s. (B) VI 80s.ࢆ஺஫࡟ 1
ศ㛫࡙ࡘ࿊♧ࢆࡋࡓࠋVI 20s. VI 40s. (A) VI 40s. (B) VI 80s.ࡢ 4
ࡘࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡟ࡣྛࠎ␗࡞ࡿⰍࡢ࣮࢟ࣛ࢖ࢺࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋ
᮲௳ 2 ⿕㦂యࡣ conc.VI 20s. VI 40s. (A) ࡜ conc. VI 40s. (B)
VI 80s.ࡢྛࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿࣥࢺࡢ㑅ᢥࢆࠊ୰ኸࡢ࣮࢟ࣛ࢖ࢺࢆࡘ
ࡘࡃࡇ࡜࡛⮬⏤࡟࡛ࡁࡓࠋVI 20s. VI 40s. (A) VI 40s. (B) VI 80s.
ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡟ࡣྛࠎ␗࡞ࡿⰍࡢ࣮࢟ࣛ࢖ࢺࡀᑐᛂ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
᮲௳ 3 conc.VI 20s. VI 40s. (A) ࢆ 2 ศ㛫ࠊconc. VI 40s. (B) VI
80s.ࢆ 1 ศ㛫ࠊ஺஫࡟࿊♧ࢆࡋࡓࠋVI 20s. VI 40s. (A) VI 40s. (B)
VI 80s.ࡢ 4 ࡘࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡟ࡣྛࠎ␗࡞ࡿⰍࡢ࣮࢟ࣛ࢖ࢺ
ࡀᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
̿ 772 ̿
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ᅗ㻝㻚ྛ᮲௳䛾䝔䝇䝖ヨ⾜䛻䛚䛡䜛㼂㻵
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