᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅
ㄆ▱㻌㻟㻱㼂㻝㻜㻝㻌
ࠡࡖࡦࡉ࡞⺖㗴ߦ߅ߌࠆ੐⽎㑐ㅪ㔚૏ߦ෸߷ߔೝỗᢥ⣂ߩലᨐ
٤౉ᚭ㊁ ብ
㧔ᐢፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮✚ว⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕
Key words: ࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ㒶ᕈ㔚૏㧘P3 (P300)㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ⺑
⢛ ᥊
หߓ੐⽎ߢ߽ᢥ⣂ߦࠃߞߡᔃℂ⊛ߥᗧ๧߇ᄌࠊࠆ‫ࠃߩߎޕ‬
߁ߥ⃻⽎ࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆ৻ߟߩᨒ⚵ߺߣߒߡ㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ⺑߇޽ࠆ
㧔Helson, 1964㧕‫ࠆ޽ޕ‬੐⽎ߩലᨐߪ㧘↢૕߇ߘࠇ߹ߢߦฃߌߚ
ೝỗലᨐߩᐔဋ୯㧔㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ㧕ߦၮߠ޿ߡ᳿߹ࠅ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ
߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߚ੐⽎߶ߤᄢ߈ߥലᨐࠍ߽ߟߣᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐
⽎㑐ㅪ㔚૏㧔event-related potential: ERP㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘
P3㧔P300㧕ᚑಽߩᝄ᏷߇ೝỗߣ㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱߣߩ〒㔌ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ㧘
ߔߥࠊߜ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱࠍᐩߣߒߚ U ሼဳߩᄌൻࠍ␜ߔߣ޿߁઒
⺑߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Ullsperger & Gille, 1988㧕‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘ࠡࡖࡦ
ࡉ࡞⺖㗴ߦ߅޿ߡ੍᷹ߒߚႎ㈽߇ᓧࠄࠇߥ޿ߣ߈ߦ↢ߓࠆࡈ
ࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ㒶ᕈ㔚૏㧔feedback negativity: FN㧕ߦߟ޿ߡ߽㧘
ႎ㈽੍᷹ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪೝỗᢥ⣂ߦࠃߞߡᄌࠊࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿
ࠆ㧔Holroyd et al., 2004㧕‫ޕ‬
ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘P3 ߣ FN ߦ෸߷ߔೝỗᢥ⣂ߩലᨐࠍන⚐ߥࠡ
ࡖࡦࡉ࡞⺖㗴ࠍ↪޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫⺃ޕ‬࿃ଔ㧔೑ᓧ㧛៊ᄬ㧕ߣᄢ
߈ߐ߇⇣ߥࠆⶄᢙߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⏕₸ಽᏓࠍᄌ߃ߡ๒␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬એਅ
ߩ 3 ߟߩ઒⺑ࠍ┙ߡߚ‫(ޕ‬1)ߔߴߡߩ⚿ᨐ߇╬㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ᧦
ઙߢߪ㧘⚿ᨐߩᐔဋ୯ઃㄭࠍᐩߣߒߡ P3 ᝄ᏷ߩ U ሼဳᄌൻ
߇↢ߓࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘៊ᄬࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߦኻߒߡ FN ߇↢ߓࠆߛ
ࠈ߁‫(ޕ‬2)೑ᓧ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ᧦ઙߢߪ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ߇㜞ߊߥ
ࠆߩߢ㧘P3 ᝄ᏷ߩ U ሼဳᄌൻߩᐩߩ୯߇ࠃࠅ㜞޿ᣇะߦ⒖
േߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ႎ㈽ߩ੍᷹࡟ࡌ࡞߇㜞ߊߥࠆߩߢ FN ߪჇ
ᄢߔࠆߛࠈ߁‫(ޕ‬3)៊ᄬ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ᧦ઙߢߪ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ
߇ૐߊߥࠆߩߢ㧘P3 ᝄ᏷ߩ U ሼဳᄌൻߩᐩߩ୯߇ࠃࠅૐ޿
ᣇะߦ⒖േߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ႎ㈽ߩ੍᷹࡟ࡌ࡞߇ૐߊߥࠆߩߢ
FN ߪᷫዋߔࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
ᣇ ᴺ
ෳട⠪ ᄢቇ↢࡮ᄢቇ㒮↢ 16 ฬ㧔↵ᕈ 6 ฬ㧘ᅚᕈ 10 ฬ㧘
20–24 ᱦ㧕
ᚻ⛯߈ ࠬࡠ࠶࠻ࡑࠪࡦߦૃߖߚࠡࡖࡦࡉ࡞⺖㗴ࠍ↪޿
ߚ‫ࠗ࡟ࡊࠬࠖ࠺ޕ‬ਛᄩߦ 6 ߟߩᢙሼ㧔10, 5, 1, +1, +5, +10㧕
ࠍ 10 ms ߕߟߔ߫߿ߊಾࠅᦧ߃ߥ߇ࠄ๒␜ߒ㧘ෳട⠪ߦ⥄↱
ߥ࠲ࠗࡒࡦࠣߢࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ᛼ߔࠃ߁ߦ᳞߼ߚ‫ࡦ࠲ࡏޕ‬᛼ߒ⋥ᓟ
ߦᢙሼ߇ᶖ߃㧘ߘߩ 500 ms ᓟߦ 6 ߟߩᢙሼߩ߁ߜߩ 1 ߟ߇
1,000 ms 㑆๒␜ߐࠇߚ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ᢙሼ߇↢ߓࠆ⏕₸ࠍᄌ߃
ߚ 3 ߟߩ᧦ઙࠍ⸳ߌߚ‫ߩߡߴߔޕ‬ᢙሼ߇╬㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ Even
᧦ઙ㧔ߔߴߡ p = .17㧕㧘ᦨᄢ೑ᓧ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ Win ᧦ઙ
㧔+10㧦p = .30, ߘߩઁ㧦p = .14㧕㧘ᦨᄢ៊ᄬ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ
Lose ᧦ઙ㧔10㧦p = .30㧘ߘߩઁ㧦p = .14㧕
‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߪᦨೋߦ
Even ᧦ઙࠍ 120 ⹜ⴕ2 ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢⴕ޿㧘ᰴߦ Win ᧦ઙߣ Lose
᧦ઙࠍߘࠇߙࠇ 100 ⹜ⴕ3 ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬Win ᧦ઙߣ Lose
᧦ઙߩ㗅ᐨߪෳട⠪㑆ߢࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߒߚ‫ޕ‬ෳട⠪ߦߪ
⏕₸ᠲ૞ߦߟ޿ߡ੐೨ߦ⍮ࠄߖߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
⣖ᵄ⸥㍳㗡⊹਄ 38 ㇱ૏ߩ㔚ᭂ߆ࠄ⸥㍳ߒ㧘ਔ⡊᧊ㅪ⚿
ߦౣၮḰൻߒߚ‫ޕ‬0.05̄30 Hz ߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ࡈࠖ࡞࠲ࠍ߆ߌߚᓟ㧘
⁛┙ᚑಽಽᨆߦࠃߞߡ⌒⃿ࠕ࡯࠴ࡈࠔࠢ࠻ࠍ⵬ᱜߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᢙሼ
ߩ๒␜೨ 200 ms ߆ࠄᓟ 800 ms ߹ߢࠍട▚ᐔဋߒߡ ERP ᵄᒻ
ࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬P3 ߩᝄ᏷ߪ㧘250–650 ms ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨᄢ㓁ᕈ㔚૏ߩ
㗂ὐᝄ᏷ࠍఝ൓ㇱ૏㧔Pz㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬FN ߩᝄ᏷ߪ㧘
150–350 ms ߦ߅ߌࠆ㒶ᕈ㔚૏ߣߘߩ⋥೨ߩ㓁ᕈ㗂ὐߣߩᏅ
ಽ୯㧔㗂ὐ㑆ᝄ᏷㧕ࠍఝ൓ㇱ૏㧔Fz㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᷹ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⚿ ᨐ ߣ ⠨ ኤ
Figure 1 ߦ㧘3 ᧦ઙߦ߅ߌࠆ P3 ᝄ᏷ࠍ␜ߔ‫᧦ߩߡߴߔޕ‬ઙ
ߦ߅޿ߡᝄ᏷ߩ 2 ᰴ௑ะ߇᦭ᗧߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬2 ᰴᦛ✢ࠍᒰߡߪ
߼ߡᐩߣߥࠆ୯ࠍ᳞߼ߚߣߎࠈ㧘Lose ᧦ઙ < Even ᧦ઙ <
Win ᧦ઙߣߥࠅ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ⺑߆ࠄ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
Figure 2 ߦ㧘ਛ⒟ᐲߩ೑ᓧ㧔+5㧕ߦኻߔࠆ ERP ᵄᒻࠍ᧦ઙ
ߏߣߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬Win ᧦ઙߢߪઁߩ᧦ઙߦᲧߴߡ㧘ᄢ߈ߥ FN ߇
಴⃻ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐ㧘Win ᧦ઙߣ Even ᧦ઙߣߩ㑆ߦ᦭
ᗧᏅ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘᧦ઙߏߣߦ㧘⺃࿃ଔ㧔+, 㧕ᄢ
߈ߐ㧔1, 5, 10㧕ߩಽᢔಽᨆࠍ FN ᝄ᏷ߦኻߒߡⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘
Even ᧦ઙߣ Lose ᧦ઙߢߪ⺃࿃ଔߩਥലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ߇㧘Win
᧦ઙߢߪ᦭ᗧߢߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ൎߜ߇⛯ߊߣਛ⒟ᐲߩ೑ᓧߦኻߒߡ߽ FN ߇↢ߓࠆ߇㧘⽶
ߌ߇⛯޿ߡ߽ FN ߪᄌൻߒߥ޿ߣ޿߁⚿ᨐߪ㧘FN ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇ
ࠆႎ㈽੍᷹ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪ㜞޿ᣇߦߪ⒖േߒ߿ߔ޿߇㧘ૐ޿ᣇߦ
ߪ⒖േߒߦߊ޿ߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
Figure 1. ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔᢙሼߦኻߔࠆ P3 ߩ㗂ὐᝄ᏷㧔ᐔဋߣ SE㧕‫ޕ‬
Figure 2. ਛ⒟ᐲߩ೑ᓧ㧔+5㧕ߦኻߔࠆ ERP ᵄᒻ㧔Fz ⸥㍳㧕‫ޕ‬
ᒁ ↪ ᢥ ₂
Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and
systematic approach to behavior. New York: Harper and Row.
Holroyd, C. B., Larsen, J. T., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Context
dependence of the event-related brain potential associated with
reward and punishment. Psychophysiology, 41, 245-253.
Ullsperger, P., & Gille, H. -G. (1988). The late positive component
of the ERP and adaptation-level theory. Biological Psychology,
26, 299-306.
⻢ㄉ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ᐢፉᄢቇ✚ว⑼ቇㇱᄢႦ᦭⪇ߐࠎ㧔ᐔᚑ 18 ᐕᐲ
තᬺ㧕㧘࠼ࠗ࠷ㅪ㇌ഭ௛቟ో଻ஜ⎇ⓥᚲ Peter Ullsperger ඳ჻
ߩදജࠍᓧߡⴕߞߚ‫ ޕ‬㧔NITTONO Hiroshi㧕
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