᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌 ㄆ▱㻌 㻝㻭㻹㻝㻜㻟㻌 ≀⌮ⓗ▱ぬࡢ┦ᑐᛶࡢẼࡁࡀ⮬ᕫุ᩿ࡢࣂࢫㄆ▱࠼ࡿຠᯝ ̿㘒どࡣᐈほᛶᗁࢆᢚไࡍࡿ㸫 ۑ㸯⚄ཎṌ, 㸰㐲⸨⏤⨾ 㸯 㸦 㛵すᏛᏛ㝔ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉࣭㸰㛵すᏛ♫Ꮫ㒊㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ࢼ࣮ࣈ࣭ࣜࣜࢬ࣒ࠊࣂࢫࠊ㘒ど The effect of noticing the relativity in sensory perception on susceptible to bias in our judgments ̿Visual illusion correct our illusion in objectivity?Ayumi Kanbara1, and Yumi Endo2, 1 ( Graduate School of Kansai University, 2Kansai Univ.) Key words: Naïve realism, bias, visual illusion ┠ ⓗ ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ(9)͇ࡢ 9 ẁ㝵࡛ホᐃࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ͆┠ࢆ࠺͇⤒㦂ࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢᛮ⪃ࡸែᗘ(௨ୗࠊุ 3.ᐇ㦂ᚋㄪᰝ ㉁ၥ⣬ࡣୗグ 2 㡯┠࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࿊♧ ᩿)ࡢᐈほᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㐣ಙࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ ࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീࡢぢ࠼᪉ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ ͆Ṇࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡓ ͇ࠊ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ▱ぢࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠾ࡾࠊேࡢุ᩿ࡣᐇ ͆ࡕࡽࡶ࠸࠼࡞࠸͇ࠊ͆ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡓ͇ࡽ 1 ࡢᑐᛂ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢேࡢ㢪ᮃࡸ❧ሙ➼ࡼࡗ࡚ṍ᭤㸦௨ ࡘ㑅ᢥࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢぢ࠼᪉㦫࠸ࡓ⛬ᗘࢆ͆ࡃ㦫࡞ࡗࡓ ୗࠊࣂࢫ㸧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊேࡣ⪅ุ᩿ࡢ (1)͇㹼͆㠀ᖖ㦫࠸ࡓ(5)͇ࡢ 5 ẁ㝵ホᐃࢆồࡵࡓࠋ ࣂࢫࡣẼࡃࡀࠊ⮬ᕫุ᩿ࡢࣂࢫࡣ↓⮬ぬ࡛࠶ ⤖ ᯝ ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Pronin, Lin, & Ross, 2002)ࠋ⮬ศࡣ ㏻ᖖ᮲௳࡛⏬ീࡀື࠸࡚ぢ࠼ࡓᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ 3 ྡࠊᅇ⟅ ᐈほⓗ࡛ࠊ⪅ࡣ͆ṍࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ͇⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡢഴྥࡣࠊᑐே ഛࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ 4 ྡࢆ㝖ࡁࠊྜィ 64 ྡࢆศᯒᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋ ⴱ⸨ࡢཎᅉࡶ࡞ࡾᚓࡿ㸦Kathleen & Pronin, 2008㸧ࠋ ᧯సࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ㘒ど⏬ࡣ㏻ᖖ⏬ࡼࡾࡶ㦫ࡁࢆ⏕㉳ࡋࡓ⛬ᗘࡀ 㧗ࡗࡓ(㏻ᖖ: M =2.71, SD = 1.30; 㘒ど: M =4.58, SD = .85; t ࡇࡢ⮬ᕫ⪅ࡢࣂࢫㄆ▱ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶࡣࠊ⮬ᕫ㧗 (52) = -6.7, p < .01)ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㘒ど⏬ࡣ㏻ᖖࡣ␗࡞ࡿぢ࠼᪉ ᥭືᶵࡼࡿࡶࡢ⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡢ⌮ㄽ◊ ࢆࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࣂࢫ 6 㡯┠ᑐࡍࡿホᐃࡣ㧗࠸ෆ ✲ࡣࠊࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡢ୍ᅉࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢぢ᪉ࡢᐈほᛶᑐࡍࡿ㐣 ⓗᩚྜᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ(Ș = .77)ࡢ࡛ᖹᆒࡋࡓ(௨ᚋࠊࣂࢫㄆ ಙࢆᣲࡆࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺ㄝ᫂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋேࡣ͆≀ࢆࡑࡢ ▱ᚓⅬ)ࠋ㏻ᖖ᮲௳ෆࡢࣂࢫㄆ▱ᚓⅬࡣࠊ⪅᮲௳ࡼࡾ⮬ ࡲࡲ(ᐈほⓗ)ぢ࡚࠸ࡿ͇ಙࡌ࡚࠾ࡾ (Naïve realism: Ross ᕫ᮲௳࡛పࡗࡓ(⮬ᕫ: M = 3.26, SD = .75; ⪅: M = 5.58, & Ward, 1995, ௨ୗ NR)ࠊ▱ぬᑐ㇟ࡀࠕࡢࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠖ SD = .87; t (30) = -8.0, p < .01)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ⪅ุ᩿ࡼࡾ⮬ᕫุ᩿ ࢆࠊᑐ㇟ࡀࠕࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠖࡳ࡞ࡍࠋࡇࡢಙᛕࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ࡢࣂࢫឤཷᛶࡀప࠸࠸࠺ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾ ⮬ศࡀ⾜ࡗࡓุ᩿ࡣᖖᐈほⓗᐇᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡾࠊᩍ♧㏻ࡾᑐ㇟(⮬ᕫ/⪅)ࡢ㉳ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢࣂࢫࡣẼ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᚑᒓኚᩘࣂࢫㄆ▱ᚓⅬᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ2(᥎ᐃᑐ㇟: ⮬ᕫ࣭ NR ࡀ⮬ᕫุ᩿ྵࡲࢀࡿࣂࢫࡢឤཷᛶࢆᙅࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪅)2㸦⏬ീ: ㏻ᖖ࣭㘒ど㸧ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊ2 せ ௬ᐃࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊ▱ぬࡢ⤯ᑐᛶၥࢆ࿊ࡍࡿࠊ⮬ᕫุ᩿ ᅉࡢస⏝ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦F (1, 60) = 4.75, p < .05㸧ࠋࡑࡇ ࡢࣂࢫࡢẼࡁࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࡶࡢணࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࡛⏬ീせᅉࡢ༢⣧ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ᕫ⩌ෆ࡛⏬ീࡢ ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲ࡣ NR ࢆྍ㑊࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧㇟ࡢ ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㘒ど᮲௳࡛㏻ᖖ᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶࣂࢫㄆ▱ ㄝ᫂ࡣ⏝࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐇドⓗ᧯సࡍࡿヨࡳࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡀ㧗ࡗࡓ(㏻ᖖ: M = 3.26, SD = .75; 㘒ど: M = 4.58, SD = ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ▱ぬࡢ⤯ᑐᛶၥࢆ࿊ࡍࡿࡇࡀ⮬ᕫ 1.33; F (1, 60) = 13.61, p < .01)ࠋ⪅⩌ෆ࡛ࡣࠊࣂࢫㄆ▱ ุ᩿ࡢࣂࢫㄆ▱࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ▱ぬࡢ⤯ᑐᛶ ࠾ࡅࡿ⏬ീࡢຠᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ(F (1, 60) < 1, n.s.)ࠋ ၥࢆ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ่⃭ࡋ࡚㘒どࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ㘒どࡣࠕᐇᅾࡍ ⪃ ᐹ ࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ┿ࡢ≉ᛶࡣ␗࡞ࡿ▱ぬ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ(ᒸ, 2008)ࠊ⮬ᕫ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ㘒どࡢ࿊♧ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᕫุ᩿ࡢࣂࢫឤཷᛶ ࡢ▱ぬࡢ┦ᑐᛶẼࡁࢆ࠼ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㘒どࡢ࿊♧ࡣ⪅ุ᩿ࡢࣂ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ௬ㄝ㘒ど⏬ࢆ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓேࡣࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ேࡼࡾ ࡶ⮬ᕫุ᩿ྵࡲࢀࡿࣂࢫㄆ▱ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࢫㄆ▱ࢆ㧗ࡵ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡽࠊ㘒どࡀࣂࢫឤཷᛶ⮬ 㘒ど⏬ࡢ࿊♧ࡣࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ▱ぬࡢᐈほᛶၥࢆ࠼ࡿࡶ యࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ᕫࡢぢ᪉ࡢᐈほᛶᑐࡍࡿ㐣ಙ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊ⪅ุ᩿ྵࡲࢀࡿࣂࢫㄆ▱ࡢ⛬ᗘࡣ 㸦NR㸧ࢆపῶࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࣂࢫㄆ▱ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ᪉ ἲ ࠊNR ࡣᵝࠎ࡞⮬ᕫ୰ᚰᛶࣂࢫࡢᇶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ ཧຍ⪅㛵すࡢ⚾❧ᏛࡢᏛ⏕ 71 ྡࠋ ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㏱᫂ᛶ㘒どࡸྜពᛶࡢ㐣ᗘ࡞᥎ ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨࣥ᥎ᐃᑐ㇟(⮬ᕫ࣭⪅)⏬ീ(㏻ᖖ࣭㘒ど)ࡢ 2 ➼ࡢపῶᑐࡍࡿᮏ▱ぢࡢ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᚋ᳨ウࡀ 2 ࡢཧຍ⪅㛫せᅉィ⏬ ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᡭ⥆ࡁ3㹼4 ྡࡢᑠ㞟ᅋ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 1.⏬ീࡢ࿊♧ ཧຍ⪅ 3 ᯛࡢ⏬ീࢆ㡰࿊♧ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ 40 ⛊ὀどࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓࠋ㘒ど᮲௳࡛ࡣ㘒ど (ᐇ㝿ࡣື࠸࡚ ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿ)⏬ࢆࠊ㏻ᖖ᮲௳࡛ࡣ㘒 ど᮲௳࡛࿊♧ࡋࡓ⏬ീⰍᙧࡣ㢮ఝࡋࡓ㟼Ṇ⏬ࢆ࿊♧ࡋࡓࠋ 2.ࣂࢫㄆ▱ࡢ ᐃ ⏬ീ࿊♧ᚋࠊࣂࢫ 6 㡯┠(ࣁ࣮ࣟ ຠᯝࠊᕫⓗᖐᒓ➼; Pronin et al.(2002)‽ࡎࡿ)ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⮬ ᕫ᮲௳㸫⮬ศᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ⪅᮲௳㸫୍⯡ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⏕ ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⛬ᗘࢆ͆ࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸(1)͇㹼͆㠀ᖖࡼࡃ ̿ 611 ̿
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