᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻡 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅㻌
ㄆ▱㻌 㻝㻭㻹㻝㻜㻟㻌
≀⌮ⓗ▱ぬࡢ┦ᑐᛶ࡬ࡢẼ௜ࡁࡀ⮬ᕫุ᩿ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝ
̿㘒どࡣᐈほᛶᗁ᝿ࢆᢚไࡍࡿ࠿㸫
‫ۑ‬㸯⚄ཎṌ, 㸰㐲⸨⏤⨾
㸯
㸦 㛵す኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲⛉࣭㸰㛵す኱Ꮫ♫఍Ꮫ㒊㸧
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ࢼ࢖࣮ࣈ࣭ࣜ࢔ࣜࢬ࣒ࠊࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࠊ㘒ど
The effect of noticing the relativity in sensory perception on susceptible to bias in our judgments
̿Visual illusion correct our illusion in objectivity?Ayumi Kanbara1, and Yumi Endo2,
1
( Graduate School of Kansai University, 2Kansai Univ.)
Key words: Naïve realism, bias, visual illusion
┠ ⓗ
࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ(9)͇ࡢ 9 ẁ㝵࡛ホᐃࢆồࡵࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣ͆┠ࢆ␲࠺͇⤒㦂ࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢᛮ⪃ࡸែᗘ(௨ୗࠊุ
3.ᐇ㦂ᚋㄪᰝ ㉁ၥ⣬ࡣୗグ 2 㡯┠࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࿊♧
᩿)ࡢᐈほᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㐣ಙࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ
ࡉࢀࡓ⏬ീࡢぢ࠼᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ
͆Ṇࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡓ ͇ࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ▱ぢࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠾ࡾࠊேࡢุ᩿ࡣ஦ᐇ
͆࡝ࡕࡽ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼࡞࠸͇ࠊ͆ື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡓ͇࠿ࡽ 1
࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡢேࡢ㢪ᮃࡸ❧ሙ➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ṍ᭤㸦௨
ࡘ㑅ᢥࠊࡲࡓࡑࡢぢ࠼᪉࡟㦫࠸ࡓ⛬ᗘࢆ͆඲ࡃ㦫࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ୗࠊࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㸧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊேࡣ௚⪅ุ᩿ࡢ
(1)͇㹼͆㠀ᖖ࡟㦫࠸ࡓ(5)͇ࡢ 5 ẁ㝵ホᐃࢆồࡵࡓࠋ
ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡟ࡣẼ௜ࡃࡀࠊ⮬ᕫุ᩿ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡟ࡣ↓⮬ぬ࡛࠶
⤖ ᯝ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Pronin, Lin, & Ross, 2002)ࠋ⮬ศࡣ
㏻ᖖ᮲௳࡛⏬ീࡀື࠸࡚ぢ࠼ࡓ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ 3 ྡࠊᅇ⟅࡟୙
ᐈほⓗ࡛ࠊ௚⪅ࡣ͆ṍࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ͇࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡢഴྥࡣࠊᑐே
ഛࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ 4 ྡࢆ㝖ࡁࠊྜィ 64 ྡࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ⴱ⸨ࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡾᚓࡿ㸦Kathleen & Pronin, 2008㸧ࠋ
᧯సࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ㘒ど⏬ࡣ㏻ᖖ⏬ࡼࡾࡶ㦫ࡁࢆ⏕㉳ࡋࡓ⛬ᗘࡀ
㧗࠿ࡗࡓ(㏻ᖖ: M =2.71, SD = 1.30; 㘒ど: M =4.58, SD = .85; t
ࡇࡢ⮬ᕫ࡜௚⪅ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠ᛶࡣࠊ୺࡟⮬ᕫ㧗
(52) = -6.7, p < .01)ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㘒ど⏬ࡣ㏻ᖖ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿぢ࠼᪉
ᥭືᶵ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᫖௒ࡢ⌮ㄽ◊
ࢆࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ 6 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿホᐃࡣ㧗࠸ෆ
✲ࡣࠊࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡢ୍ᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢぢ᪉ࡢᐈほᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐣
ⓗᩚྜᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ(Ș = .77)ࡢ࡛ᖹᆒࡋࡓ(௨ᚋࠊࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ
ಙࢆᣲࡆࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄝ᫂ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋேࡣ͆≀஦ࢆࡑࡢ
▱ᚓⅬ)ࠋ㏻ᖖ᮲௳ෆࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ᚓⅬࡣࠊ௚⪅᮲௳ࡼࡾ⮬
ࡲࡲ(ᐈほⓗ࡟)ぢ࡚࠸ࡿ͇࡜ಙࡌ࡚࠾ࡾ (Naïve realism: Ross
ᕫ᮲௳࡛ప࠿ࡗࡓ(⮬ᕫ: M = 3.26, SD = .75; ௚⪅: M = 5.58,
& Ward, 1995, ௨ୗ NR)ࠊ▱ぬᑐ㇟ࡀࠕ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ࠿ࠖ
SD = .87; t (30) = -8.0, p < .01)ࠋࡇࢀࡣ௚⪅ุ᩿ࡼࡾ⮬ᕫุ᩿
ࢆࠊᑐ㇟ࡀࠕࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍࠋࡇࡢಙᛕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫឤཷᛶࡀప࠸࡜࠸࠺ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠾
⮬ศࡀ⾜ࡗࡓุ᩿ࡣᖖ࡟ᐈほⓗ஦ᐇ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ཯ᛂ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
ࡾࠊᩍ♧㏻ࡾᑐ㇟(⮬ᕫ/௚⪅)ࡢ᝿㉳ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡟ࡣẼ௜࠿࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᚑᒓኚᩘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ᚓⅬ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ2(᥎ᐃᑐ㇟: ⮬ᕫ࣭௚
NR ࡀ⮬ᕫุ᩿࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢឤཷᛶࢆᙅࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ
⪅)™2㸦⏬ീ: ㏻ᖖ࣭㘒ど㸧ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ2 せ
࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࠊ▱ぬࡢ⤯ᑐᛶ࡟␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⮬ᕫุ᩿
ᅉࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦F (1, 60) = 4.75, p < .05㸧ࠋࡑࡇ
ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡬ࡢẼ௜ࡁࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
࡛⏬ീせᅉࡢ༢⣧୺ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ᕫ⩌ෆ࡛⏬ീࡢ
ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲ࡣ NR ࢆ୙ྍ㑊࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌧㇟ࡢ
ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㘒ど᮲௳࡛㏻ᖖ᮲௳ࡼࡾࡶࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱
ㄝ᫂࡟ࡣ⏝࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐇドⓗ࡟᧯సࡍࡿヨࡳࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ(㏻ᖖ: M = 3.26, SD = .75; 㘒ど: M = 4.58, SD =
ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ▱ぬࡢ⤯ᑐᛶ࡟␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⮬ᕫ
1.33; F (1, 60) = 13.61, p < .01)ࠋ௚⪅⩌ෆ࡛ࡣࠊࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱
ุ᩿ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ▱ぬࡢ⤯ᑐᛶ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏬ീࡢຠᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ(F (1, 60) < 1, n.s.)ࠋ
࡟␲ၥࢆ⏕㉳ࡍࡿ่⃭࡜ࡋ࡚㘒どࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ㘒どࡣࠕᐇᅾࡍ
⪃ ᐹ
ࡿᑐ㇟ࡢ┿ࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ▱ぬ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ(໭ᒸ, 2008)ࠊ⮬ᕫ
ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ㘒どࡢ࿊♧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᕫุ᩿ࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫឤཷᛶ
ࡢ▱ぬࡢ┦ᑐᛶ࡟Ẽ௜ࡁࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ㘒どࡢ࿊♧ࡣ௚⪅ุ᩿ࡢࣂ࢖
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ௬ㄝ㘒ど⏬ࢆ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓேࡣࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ேࡼࡾ
ࡶ⮬ᕫุ᩿࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊ
࢔ࢫㄆ▱ࢆ㧗ࡵ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㘒どࡀࣂ࢖࢔ࢫឤཷᛶ⮬
㘒ど⏬ࡢ࿊♧ࡣࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ▱ぬࡢᐈほᛶ࡟␲ၥࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶ
యࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ᕫࡢぢ᪉ࡢᐈほᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐣ಙ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ௚⪅ุ᩿࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡣ
㸦NR㸧ࢆపῶࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ࢆ㧗ࡵࡓ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ
ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
᪉ ἲ
᫖௒ࠊNR ࡣᵝࠎ࡞⮬ᕫ୰ᚰᛶࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢᇶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ཧຍ⪅㛵すࡢ⚾❧኱Ꮫࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ 71 ྡࠋ
ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㏱᫂ᛶ㘒どࡸྜពᛶࡢ㐣ᗘ࡞᥎ ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ᥎ᐃᑐ㇟(⮬ᕫ࣭௚⪅)™⏬ീ(㏻ᖖ࣭㘒ど)ࡢ 2
➼ࡢపῶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᮏ▱ぢࡢ㐺⏝ྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ௒ᚋ᳨ウࡀ
™2 ࡢཧຍ⪅㛫せᅉィ⏬
ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᡭ⥆ࡁ3㹼4 ྡࡢᑠ㞟ᅋ࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
1.⏬ീࡢ࿊♧ ཧຍ⪅࡟ 3 ᯛࡢ⏬ീࢆ㡰࡟࿊♧ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ
40 ⛊ὀどࡍࡿࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓࠋ㘒ど᮲௳࡛ࡣ㘒ど (ᐇ㝿ࡣື࠸࡚
ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊື࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ)⏬ࢆࠊ㏻ᖖ᮲௳࡛ࡣ㘒
ど᮲௳࡛࿊♧ࡋࡓ⏬ീ࡜Ⰽᙧࡣ㢮ఝࡋࡓ㟼Ṇ⏬ࢆ࿊♧ࡋࡓࠋ
2.ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫㄆ▱ࡢ ᐃ ⏬ീ࿊♧ᚋࠊࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ 6 㡯┠(ࣁ࣮ࣟ
ຠᯝࠊ฼ᕫⓗᖐᒓ➼; Pronin et al.(2002)࡟‽ࡎࡿ)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⮬
ᕫ᮲௳㸫⮬ศ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⛬ᗘࠊ௚⪅᮲௳㸫୍⯡ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⏕࡟
ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ⛬ᗘࢆ͆඲ࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸(1)͇㹼͆㠀ᖖ࡟ࡼࡃ
̿ 611 ̿

日韓中における青年の自尊感情と仮想的有能感

2011/12～2012/13 シーズン

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