15. 発達 1PM-085 日心第77回大会(2013) ⮬⏤㐟ࡧሙ㠃࠾ࡅࡿ⾜ື≉ᚩࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ ಖ⫱ᅬඣ ྡࡢ ṓ༙ ṓࡢẚ㍑ ۑᮧ⏣࢝ࢬ ࣭┦Ⰻ㡰Ꮚ 㸦 ⪷ᚨᏛ▷ᮇᏛ㒊࣭ ⪷ᚨᏛඣ❺Ꮫ㒊㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸⾜ື≉ᚩ㸪⮬⏤㐟ࡧሙ㠃㸪Ⓨ㐩ⓗኚ 7KHVWXG\RISUHVFKRROHUV’EHKDYLRUGXULQJIUHHWLPHSOD\ Kazu MURATA1 and Junko SAGARA2, 1 ( Junior College of Seitoku Univ., 2Seitoku Univ.) Key Words: preschoolers’ behavior, free-time play, observation ┠ ⓗ ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊಖ⫱ᅬ࡛㐣ࡈࡍஙᗂඣࡢಶேᕪࢆ♧ࡍ⾜ືᣦᶆ ࢆࡉࡄࡿ᥈⣴ⓗ࡞୍㐃ࡢ◊✲ࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊಖ ⫱ᐊෆ࡛ࡢ⮬⏤㐟ࡧሙ㠃࠾ࡅࡿ ṓ༙ඣࡢ⾜ື≉ᚩࠊࡑ ࡢᏊࡶࡀ‶ ṓࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡢ⾜ື≉ᚩࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ṓ༙ ṓࡣࠊஙᗂඣデࡀᐇࡉࢀࡿᮇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡇ ࡢࡘࡢᮇࡘ࠸࡚⾜ືࡢⓎ㐩ⓗ㛵㐃ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡣព⩏ ῝࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ṓ༙ඣࡣࠊṌ⾜ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚ྍ⬟࡞ࡗࡓᡭ ඛࢆ⮬⏤⏝ࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢពᚿࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ⾲ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᮇࡢ⾜ື≉ᚩࡀࠊࡑࡢ ᖺ༙ᚋ ࡢ⾜ືࡢࡼ࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࡀ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪉ ἲ 㸦㸧ᑐ㇟ඣ ᮾி㒔ෆ࠶ࡿྛᏛᖺ ࢡࣛࢫ⦅ᡂࡢ⚾❧ಖ⫱ᅬ㏻࠺⏨ ඣ ྡ㸦ࡇࡢ ྡࡣ ṓඣࢡࣛࢫᅾ⡠ࡽ༞ᅬࡲ࡛⦪᩿ⓗ ほᐹࣅࢹ࢜ᙳࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓಖ⫱ᅬඣ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ7D ࡣ ᭶ ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ.H ࡣ ᭶⏕ࡲࢀ㸧ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋಖㆤ⪅ࡣ◊✲ᴫ せࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡢ༠ຊࢆ౫㢗ࡋᢎㅙࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦㸧ᡭ⥆ࡁ ಖ⫱ᅬࡢಖ⫱ᐊ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ༗╧ᚋࡢ⮬⏤㐟ࡧ㛫ࢆ⣙ ศ 㛫ほᐹࡋࡓࠋほᐹᑐ㇟ඣࢆಶู ศ㛫ࡎࡘࣅࢹ࣓࢜࢝ࣛ 㘓⏬ࡍࡿྠࠊಖ⫱ᐊෆࢆᅛᐃ࣓࢝ࣛ ྎ࡛ᙳࡋࡓࠋ ᙳࡣࠊ➹⪅ࡽ ྡඣ❺ᏛᑓᨷࡢᏛ㝔⏕ࡀ࡛᭰ཎ๎ ࡋ࡚㐌 ᅇᐇࡋࡓࠋ 㸦㸧 ᐃ ࣅࢹ࢜㘓⏬ࡉࢀࡓᑐ㇟ඣࡀࠊ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᗙࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⛣ື୰ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠఱࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿㄡࢆぢ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠊఱࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࡶグ㘓ࡉࢀࡓࠋグ㘓ࡣࠊ '.+ ♫ࡢ⾜ືศᯒࢯࣇࢺࢆ⏝ࡋࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ ᪥ศ ሙ㠃 ௨ୖࡢᫎീࡽᚓࡓ ⛊ẖࡢ㟼Ṇ⏬ീࡢ࠺ࡕࠊྛᑐ㇟ඣࡘ ࠸࡚ど⥺ࢆ≉ᐃฟ᮶ࡿࠊ ࢝ࢵࢺࢆศᯒᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ ࢃࢀࡓࠋ 㸦㸧ホᐃ ➹⪅ࡽ ྡࡼࡗ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡓࠋ ⤖ ᯝ 7D ඣ .H ඣࡀ ṓ༙ࡢࠊಖ⫱ᐊ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺㐣ࡈࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡓࢆぢࡿࠊ7D ඣࡣಖ⫱⪅ࡢ⭸ࡢୖࢆྵࡵࡿ 㸣ࢆᗙ ࡗ࡚㐣ࡈࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ .H ඣࡀᗙࡗ࡚㐣ࡈࡋࡓ㛫ࡣ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ඣࡢὀどᑐ㇟㸦ඣࡀఱࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡣࠊḟࡢ ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸ ࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋேࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ ࠕಖ⫱⪅ࡢ㢦ࡸᵝᏊࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠊ ࠕࢡࣛࢫෆࡢඣࡢ㢦ࡸᵝᏊࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡋࡓࠋಖ⫱ᐊ ⨨࠸࡚࠶ࡿ࠾ࡶࡕࡷࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ⮬᧯㸦⮬ศ ࡛ぢ࡞ࡀࡽ᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ࠖࠊ ࠕ᧯㸦ࡢேࡀ᧯సࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧 ࠖ ࠊ ࠕ↓᧯㸦ㄡࡶ᧯సࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠊㄡࡶゐࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧 ࠖࡢ ࡘࡢ ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ṓ༙ぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆᅗ ࠊ ṓ ぢ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆᅗ ♧ࡋࡓࠋ 60 50 40 㢖 ᗘ Ta 咁 30 ᅇ ᩘ 20 Ke 咂 10 0 ᅗ1 1ṓ༙䛻ぢ䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾 90 80 70 㢖 60 ᗘ 50 咁 Ta ᅇ 40 ᩘ 30 咂 Ke 20 10 0 ᅗ2 3ṓ䛻ぢ䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾 ⪃ ᐹ ᮏほᐹ⤖ᯝࡽࠊ ṓ༙Ⅼ࡛❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡚⛣ືࡢከ࠸ඣ㸦.H㸧 ࡣࠊሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡓࡵືࡁᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃࠊ࠾ࡶ ࡕࡷࡢ㐟ࡧ᪉ࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵඣࡢືࡁࢆぢࡿᶵࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ ࡁࠊࡑࡢഴྥࡣ ṓࡲ࡛⥆ࡃࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ ṓ ༙Ⅼ࡛ಖ⫱ᐊෆᗙࡗ࡚࠾ࡶࡕࡷࢆ⮬ࡽࡢࡸࡾ᪉࡛᧯సࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢከ࠸ඣ7Dࡣࠊ࠾ࡶࡕࡷࡢᢅ࠸᪉ࢆ⮬ศ࡛ヨࡳ ࡚ᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࠊಖ⫱ኈࡸඣࡽሗࢆᚓࡿᚲせࡣᑡ ࡞ࡃࠊ ṓ࡛ඣࢆぢࡿᶵࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔ ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸨ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠㸦1R௦⾲⪅┦Ⰻ㡰 Ꮚ㸧ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡓࠋ ― 952 ―
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