乗 取 Today we will ask the experts. Russian leader Vladimir Putin has taken over Crimea. Why did he do it? 半島 Russia has taken complete control of Ukraine’s Crimean peninsula . 事情通 Now, observers are debating what led Russian President Vladimir Putin to make such a move. 占領 違法 Western nations have called Russia’s occupation of Crimea illegal. a professor at Columbia University in New York City. Robert Legvold is He says the occupation shows President Putin wants to be remembered by future generations of Russians. 実質的 遺産 “From his point of view, it would be a far more substantial legacy than (the) Sochi Olympics, which everybody has been talking about as something that he wanted to be his legacy. But to have brought Crimea back into the historical place that it has had in 檻 the fold of Mother Russia, I think he sees this (as) probably the single most important 達成 thing that he will accomplish as president.” Professor Legvold says Mr. Putin believes he is correcting what he sees as the historical 不公正 injustice of 1954. That was when then-Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev gave control 共和国 of Crimea to Ukraine, which was then a Soviet republic. Matthew Rojansky is an expert on relations between the former Soviet republics and the United States. in Washington. He works at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 獲得 He says that by seizing Crimea, Mr. Putin has destroyed the image of 問題 Russia being a responsible partner on international issues. 注意 “But there is another image that he may care much, much more about. And that is 守護者 his image at home as not only the defender of the Russian people -- which certainly the 論 役立 argument about defending Russians in Crimea and eastern Ukraine would help -- but also as defender of a greater Russia. You know, of a vision of Russia which is more powerful and bigger and which is taken seriously perhaps more out of fear than out of 友愛 love.” Brent Scowcroft served as national security adviser to two American presidents. He told VOA before Russia’s seizure of Crimea that President Putin wants his country to be seen as a strong power. 持 恨 “Putin nurses a grudge because what he says is that at the end of the Cold War, when 追 越 Russia was flat on its back, we walked all over them. And we did it because they were weak. 細 点 正 Technically, he has a point. former Soviet Union. on and so forth. 拡大 We pushed the borders of NATO right up into the 撤廃 対弾道弾 条約 We denounced the ABM ( anti-ballistic missile) treaty and so We didn’t do it to weaken the Russians. We did it because we 苦 thought it was useful. But that gnaws at him.” 同盟国 発令 The United States and its Western allies have ordered economic actions against 当局 Russian officials because of what happened in Crimea. The Russian government 規制 answered the orders by placing travel restrictionsrestrictions on U.S. officials. 影響 協調 Professor Legvold says the crisis over Crimea could affect American cooperation with Russia in such areas as Iran and the Syrian conflict. 途中 “In Syria, they’ve been a problem all along the way. They helped in an important way on 化学兵器 共通 土台 chemical weapons . But the notion that somehow we can find common ground 達成 政治的成果 for 程遠 achieving a political outcome grows more remote because again the Russians have no 望 姿 見極 単 desire to seem like a cooperative partner when they are defining us, not merely as 間違 政策 有害 misguided in our policy, but even malevolent in our policy. That is, beginning to think 敵対者 話 相手 of us as an adversary, not simply a difficult interlocutor.” Professor Legvold and others are closely watching relations between Russia and the United States. a new Cold War. They say if tensions rise over Ukraine and other issues, there could be クリミア半島の民族構成 ロシア人 6割 ウクライナ人 2割 クリミア・タタール人 1割 クリミアの歴史 13 世紀にモンゴル帝国が征服 タタール人はその時の子孫でイスラム教を信仰 南下政策をとるロシアが不凍港を求めて勢力を伸ばす。 不凍港とは冬でも凍らずに使用できる港。ロシアはとても欲しがっていた。 クリミアは黒海に面する絶好の場所にある。 18 世紀にロシアはクリミアを併合。ロシア人が増える。 20 世紀になってソ連が成立した時にクリミアはロシアから地理的に地続きのウクライナ共 和国(ソ連の構成国)に移管された。 こうして現在、主に 3 つの民族が混在する状況となっていて、特にロシア人はロシアへの 復帰を目指している。 クリミア自治共和国はウクライナの一部であって、国際法上、ウクライナの同意なく勝手 に分離独立を行うことはできない。もちろんロシアがクリミアを編入することも国際法上、 違反である。例外は植民地の場合だけで、植民地は本国の同意がなくても分離独立を主張 することが正当化される。
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