᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅 ㄆ▱㻌 㻟㻱㼂㻝㻜㻝㻌 ࠡࡖࡦࡉ࡞⺖㗴ߦ߅ߌࠆ⽎㑐ㅪ㔚ߦ߷ߔೝỗᢥ⣂ߩലᨐ ٤ᚭ㊁ ብ 㧔ᐢፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮✚ว⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕 Key words: ࡈࠖ࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ㒶ᕈ㔚㧘P3 (P300)㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ⺑ ⢛ ᥊ หߓ⽎ߢ߽ᢥ⣂ߦࠃߞߡᔃℂ⊛ߥᗧ߇ᄌࠊࠆࠃߩߎޕ ߁ߥ⽎ࠍ⺑ߔࠆ৻ߟߩᨒ⚵ߺߣߒߡ㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ⺑߇ࠆ 㧔Helson, 1964㧕ࠆޕ⽎ߩലᨐߪ㧘↢߇ߘࠇ߹ߢߦฃߌߚ ೝỗലᨐߩᐔဋ୯㧔㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ㧕ߦၮߠߡ߹ࠅ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇߚ⽎߶ߤᄢ߈ߥലᨐࠍ߽ߟߣᗐቯߐࠇߡࠆޕ ⽎㑐ㅪ㔚㧔event-related potential: ERP㧕ࠍ↪ߚ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘 P3㧔P300㧕ᚑಽߩᝄ߇ೝỗߣ㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱߣߩ〒㔌ࠍᤋߔࠆ㧘 ߔߥࠊߜ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱࠍᐩߣߒߚ U ሼဳߩᄌൻࠍ␜ߔߣ߁ ⺑߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔Ullsperger & Gille, 1988㧕ઁޕᣇ㧘ࠡࡖࡦ ࡉ࡞⺖㗴ߦ߅ߡ੍᷹ߒߚႎ㈽߇ᓧࠄࠇߥߣ߈ߦ↢ߓࠆࡈ ࠖ࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ㒶ᕈ㔚㧔feedback negativity: FN㧕ߦߟߡ߽㧘 ႎ㈽੍᷹ߩࡌ࡞ߪೝỗᢥ⣂ߦࠃߞߡᄌࠊࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ ࠆ㧔Holroyd et al., 2004㧕ޕ ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘P3 ߣ FN ߦ߷ߔೝỗᢥ⣂ߩലᨐࠍන⚐ߥࠡ ࡖࡦࡉ࡞⺖㗴ࠍ↪ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ⺃ޕ࿃ଔ㧔ᓧ㧛៊ᄬ㧕ߣᄢ ߈ߐ߇⇣ߥࠆⶄᢙߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⏕₸ಽᏓࠍᄌ߃ߡ๒␜ߒߚޕએਅ ߩ 3 ߟߩ⺑ࠍ┙ߡߚ(ޕ1)ߔߴߡߩ⚿ᨐ߇╬㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ᧦ ઙߢߪ㧘⚿ᨐߩᐔဋ୯ઃㄭࠍᐩߣߒߡ P3 ᝄߩ U ሼဳᄌൻ ߇↢ߓࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘៊ᄬࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߦኻߒߡ FN ߇↢ߓࠆߛ ࠈ߁(ޕ2)ᓧ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ᧦ઙߢߪ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ߇㜞ߊߥ ࠆߩߢ㧘P3 ᝄߩ U ሼဳᄌൻߩᐩߩ୯߇ࠃࠅ㜞ᣇะߦ⒖ േߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ႎ㈽ߩ੍᷹ࡌ࡞߇㜞ߊߥࠆߩߢ FN ߪჇ ᄢߔࠆߛࠈ߁(ޕ3)៊ᄬ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ᧦ઙߢߪ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ ߇ૐߊߥࠆߩߢ㧘P3 ᝄߩ U ሼဳᄌൻߩᐩߩ୯߇ࠃࠅૐ ᣇะߦ⒖േߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ႎ㈽ߩ੍᷹ࡌ࡞߇ૐߊߥࠆߩߢ FN ߪᷫዋߔࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ ᣇ ᴺ ෳട⠪ ᄢቇ↢ᄢቇ㒮↢ 16 ฬ㧔↵ᕈ 6 ฬ㧘ᅚᕈ 10 ฬ㧘 20–24 ᱦ㧕 ᚻ⛯߈ ࠬࡠ࠶࠻ࡑࠪࡦߦૃߖߚࠡࡖࡦࡉ࡞⺖㗴ࠍ↪ ߚࠗࡊࠬࠖ࠺ޕਛᄩߦ 6 ߟߩᢙሼ㧔10, 5, 1, +1, +5, +10㧕 ࠍ 10 ms ߕߟߔ߫߿ߊಾࠅᦧ߃ߥ߇ࠄ๒␜ߒ㧘ෳട⠪ߦ⥄↱ ߥ࠲ࠗࡒࡦࠣߢࡏ࠲ࡦࠍߔࠃ߁ߦ᳞ߚࡦ࠲ࡏޕߒ⋥ᓟ ߦᢙሼ߇ᶖ߃㧘ߘߩ 500 ms ᓟߦ 6 ߟߩᢙሼߩ߁ߜߩ 1 ߟ߇ 1,000 ms 㑆๒␜ߐࠇߚߩࠇߙࠇߘޕᢙሼ߇↢ߓࠆ⏕₸ࠍᄌ߃ ߚ 3 ߟߩ᧦ઙࠍ⸳ߌߚߩߡߴߔޕᢙሼ߇╬㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ Even ᧦ઙ㧔ߔߴߡ p = .17㧕㧘ᦨᄢᓧ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ Win ᧦ઙ 㧔+10㧦p = .30, ߘߩઁ㧦p = .14㧕㧘ᦨᄢ៊ᄬ߇㜞㗫ᐲߢ↢ߓࠆ Lose ᧦ઙ㧔10㧦p = .30㧘ߘߩઁ㧦p = .14㧕 ޕෳട⠪ߪᦨೋߦ Even ᧦ઙࠍ 120 ⹜ⴕ2 ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢⴕ㧘ᰴߦ Win ᧦ઙߣ Lose ᧦ઙࠍߘࠇߙࠇ 100 ⹜ⴕ3 ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢⴕߞߚޕWin ᧦ઙߣ Lose ᧦ઙߩ㗅ᐨߪෳട⠪㑆ߢࠞ࠙ࡦ࠲ࡃࡦࠬߒߚޕෳട⠪ߦߪ ⏕₸ᠲߦߟߡ೨ߦ⍮ࠄߖߥ߆ߞߚޕ ⣖ᵄ⸥㍳ 㗡⊹ 38 ㇱߩ㔚ᭂ߆ࠄ⸥㍳ߒ㧘ਔ⡊ㅪ⚿ ߦౣၮḰൻߒߚޕ0.05̄30 Hz ߩ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞ࡈࠖ࡞࠲ࠍ߆ߌߚᓟ㧘 ⁛┙ᚑಽಽᨆߦࠃߞߡ⌒ࠕ࠴ࡈࠔࠢ࠻ࠍᱜߒߚޕᢙሼ ߩ๒␜೨ 200 ms ߆ࠄᓟ 800 ms ߹ߢࠍട▚ᐔဋߒߡ ERP ᵄᒻ ࠍ᳞ߚޕP3 ߩᝄߪ㧘250–650 ms ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨᄢ㓁ᕈ㔚ߩ 㗂ὐᝄࠍఝㇱ㧔Pz㧕ߦ߅ߡ᷹ቯߒߚޕFN ߩᝄߪ㧘 150–350 ms ߦ߅ߌࠆ㒶ᕈ㔚ߣߘߩ⋥೨ߩ㓁ᕈ㗂ὐߣߩᏅ ಽ୯㧔㗂ὐ㑆ᝄ㧕ࠍఝㇱ㧔Fz㧕ߦ߅ߡ᷹ቯߒߚޕ ⚿ ᨐ ߣ ⠨ ኤ Figure 1 ߦ㧘3 ᧦ઙߦ߅ߌࠆ P3 ᝄࠍ␜ߔ᧦ߩߡߴߔޕઙ ߦ߅ߡᝄߩ 2 ᰴะ߇ᗧߢߞߚޕ2 ᰴᦛ✢ࠍᒰߡߪ ߡᐩߣߥࠆ୯ࠍ᳞ߚߣߎࠈ㧘Lose ᧦ઙ < Even ᧦ઙ < Win ᧦ઙߣߥࠅ㧘㗅ᔕ᳓Ḱ⺑߆ࠄ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆᄌൻࠍ␜ߒߚޕ Figure 2 ߦ㧘ਛ⒟ᐲߩᓧ㧔+5㧕ߦኻߔࠆ ERP ᵄᒻࠍ᧦ઙ ߏߣߦ␜ߔޕWin ᧦ઙߢߪઁߩ᧦ઙߦᲧߴߡ㧘ᄢ߈ߥ FN ߇ ߒߚޕᄙ㊀Ყセߩ⚿ᨐ㧘Win ᧦ઙߣ Even ᧦ઙߣߩ㑆ߦ ᗧᏅ߇ࠄࠇߚߚ߹ޕ㧘᧦ઙߏߣߦ㧘⺃࿃ଔ㧔+, 㧕ᄢ ߈ߐ㧔1, 5, 10㧕ߩಽᢔಽᨆࠍ FN ᝄߦኻߒߡⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘 Even ᧦ઙߣ Lose ᧦ઙߢߪ⺃࿃ଔߩਥലᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ߇㧘Win ᧦ઙߢߪᗧߢߥ߆ߞߚޕ ൎߜ߇⛯ߊߣਛ⒟ᐲߩᓧߦኻߒߡ߽ FN ߇↢ߓࠆ߇㧘⽶ ߌ߇⛯ߡ߽ FN ߪᄌൻߒߥߣ߁⚿ᨐߪ㧘FN ߦᤋߐࠇ ࠆႎ㈽੍᷹ߩࡌ࡞ߪ㜞ᣇߦߪ⒖േߒ߿ߔ߇㧘ૐᣇߦ ߪ⒖േߒߦߊߎߣࠍ␜ໂߒߡࠆޕ Figure 1. ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔᢙሼߦኻߔࠆ P3 ߩ㗂ὐᝄ㧔ᐔဋߣ SE㧕ޕ Figure 2. ਛ⒟ᐲߩᓧ㧔+5㧕ߦኻߔࠆ ERP ᵄᒻ㧔Fz ⸥㍳㧕ޕ ᒁ ↪ ᢥ ₂ Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and systematic approach to behavior. New York: Harper and Row. Holroyd, C. B., Larsen, J. T., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Context dependence of the event-related brain potential associated with reward and punishment. Psychophysiology, 41, 245-253. Ullsperger, P., & Gille, H. -G. (1988). The late positive component of the ERP and adaptation-level theory. Biological Psychology, 26, 299-306. ⻢ ㄉ ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘ᐢፉᄢቇ✚ว⑼ቇㇱᄢႦ⪇ߐࠎ㧔ᐔᚑ 18 ᐕᐲ තᬺ㧕㧘࠼ࠗ࠷ㅪ㇌ഭోஜ⎇ⓥᚲ Peter Ullsperger ඳ჻ ߩදജࠍᓧߡⴕߞߚ ޕ㧔NITTONO Hiroshi㧕 㸫777㸫
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