« !» *
'("# $%&
(147 -169 ) 1393 .26 .7 . ()
$% & $' !"# '&)+
:8;<= ;>? +; +@;# A;B C 'D *E *+, /0 58# ;G F;? ; ;#+ ;G? H';
8 I$# A /J K # ;$T F;? A;+O;B R;S#+ ,+Q M8%L M8#% N O/# KP
V; ; S ;"#8% C; +W# N$BA /#!# ? .+U
$;O ; «F;# L» *+;W# \8];] +;V Z[ Y+B "O +X ;"/#;] !#8;!] *;B A; C; /;58B +;'` «*+>B _» *+W# +^
.+;[ Q;$? I;B I;B /5aP C8E *+ 8%L *EC
5
8X;E , ! ; ", -# IU A AB /`+ IEcU b# F;# L ; Q;$? ;!E+ F;# L 8$E . >U /#8U #S8 ./
-*+;^ *;$ *;EA#;"# /;B; +;O d# 8#% *eQ +! AB VEf -8,
*/;# 8#;% *;eQ *+; ;!# L ;] ;GV .C /V G? !E+
;# *;E/;JQ *;+O $;# C;58#+ 8;5 _ AG? +fU
( *) M+^U A$E I AB C (J_) *+>B _ /# g#+h%
.C /#"B *8B A0# *+>, G/ IB A /5 0
.*+, /0 C *+>B _ F# L :&$ 2'01
[email protected] ::8j M/8# *
1393 /3 /18 :+fU l
1393 /2 /7 :C l
26 M$5 / 7 :
148
.1
8&9; $76 .1 -1
o+;p 8#;B A; ; K8;# Q$? a,8 EIB # + dB+$
; ;V#?A;$E R;T *+ #8% A#8O+E YC +B :/ H
*E$<O
;J _;N; r;BC + "58B *EC
5 + /Bq /
C;$dQ ;hJ# ; ;5d!# R;Q +;; # Z8# .85
$E ./U K$? # !` *+ s+@ +> ` !#
«o+;p R;Q +;r> r M/BRJ +Q +r>» 8Q C
5 .85 (25 :1369 #8)
_ % ^ EAu/u I$# +Q *+ Z8# *+
A
;OrE +>, > *AG? !E+ * +G # #
*8;A; 8;E O/;# ; Y/# 8$ G +! E CB ` » AB C
O/; ; +; .(Lukacs, 1978: 56) «C +? 8% B
;# A;B C; */;+ +`;» v;B8' !# +E /# d# %5E
:8 $E RD $E +$E CGVp AG? 8% O/# &$ ` f!E
w8+ ` A /B G O/# AB +O +W# */58%# /58%
.(384 :1390 /8U RJ#A) «/#85
;5 :8; ; y;, !;8U +;G *E *EOc ^
*;E># b;# +; A;^ » %;5AG? –!E+ *E8!' EC
5
/;8# +;^ A; C% AB C >B *EC Q$? !E+
-;A;$# a;8? /; ; C% .(199 -198 :1387 #) «/E
8;E ,+;5 a;8? z;'u *+; +; Y8;5 :;V# C;_ ,+5 /A$#
O E #8% $E .C /0 C RJ +T +{d
M/;Q, +;^ ;J< A;B rE *+T *EC
5 $# /E5
C;
5 r;+ A; r;E ;G Y/;E r#/ r'8# z^ %5#
; ^;5` *E 8W» AB 85 A%+U / G? # d+O&+
149
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
M8;5 AB /B |
8!' e +! *E EI+O
/ C
5 AB /B r^_ + C' [AB+] ...] C# O I#+p R$Q
(31 /2 :1389 /;U) « \;? I#8+U &+ :# h A 8% B+ */;+ A;B 8;5 A?8 / 80# *EC
5 *+O+8 A rE
C;X +;V? ; *;, -Q;$? +V? 8>J 8% (A#+OIB A#) A#+fUIB
r;> "
dOC+u 8% !#! d#» .(299 /1 ;$E) /U
] 8>@ .(94 :1386 d) «rB A+0 +G G? AB C _ A;B C;# ;D€% s^5 5# d]+E I C # *+8
;+W# (&1982 -1922) 1$O +IU .85 0 + Q$? C8E
K;P +O +VQ A + Y8 +B + A^# A 2«F# L» b>
A;G? ^;50E rE8; ;$O A; ^50E zVA AB *+ O/#
d;# ; /;E A#` d$ *+8 P+Q A E# +" /#/5 +h
.(17 :1386 $O :g.) /B 8Q +O
+;B y;JT A^ C# H8 +OAG? z'u A? AB 0#` `+; ;? ; /;#!# (93 :1386 d) C AG? C%5 M '8+
;5 A; *+;, /0 58# $Q $Q *B C
/V; /; ;G? ; #` Q$? *+ *EIB E# CV#
*;E;+? A#^5% 'D CE .+[ /C
;$T F;? ; H';
;,+Q M8#% N KP A /J K 8#
# -_ *E*+O E` Q$? C8E s^5 0 !#8!] \
.+U I8^_ w8J WT' _&/ C8^_ O ` 5#
8&9; &&= .2 -1
3
/;J K; #; ; *+, /0 E A Nd# 8e_ 8?
; \; ;$Q ;'J ‚E 8E 8_ 8# M + JJT
;Q8$0 /# * X` %+ AB '_ Y/"# A5!# X` +G Z8#
.C; ` ;= A *+, *+ « r,» Md? (1384) A1>? @ 26 M$5 / 7 :
150
1 , 2BCD >&$9; 1 1( 8Q /5 5B #U N ƒJ 8B
1391) , ,G% , ,&); H&# &F ';. 2%.EF 6=
;$Q */J# 8B A^ +d .C /` !# A (/# 8#&U !"#
+^ "EcU ‚E C /"# A58# (1390) \ /$5 +; Y/# 8? \ JJT >U +P_ ? A+OBA /J#
F;# L ;+W# A; *A5 /J# +^ $Q IEcU # ? .C \
.++ .3 -1
*+;W# \8];] +;V +, %5AG? /J# h_ IEcU 8;% A;B *A;+W# YC; «F# L» +W# + dB+$ G $O «"$# CE»
:1386 d;) C; A+O R^5 +8 ++E $# RJ IB +W# :V#A
RJ *EIB E$# #G g $P , E# A+W# .(268
f;!E + .(281 $E) /B +< 8% „% CG,8 E` Q$?
N$B A+W# *EC
5 # # KP A A?8
-;# O/;# *;EH8 Q$? *ECG,8 g $P /B
.(134 :1390 /;8U :g.) r8;5 ;5` ;E` Q$? *EƒT r+ + #
;"U V; ; S ;"#8% +;^ C;GVA 8N +
F;# L ;+W# N$BA 8 +! 85 "O r> /J M/#8%
A -(&1937 -1870) +'` +<'` +!# yh -4«J_ M/JQ» G ` R€ a
.85 A%+U *EC
5 5 *B
- K. 1 ! .2
;O+ M/;Bd$ R;Q A;B C; #;#8 *… R «F# L» $!`
o€h; ; I/;U !#8!] M $O .C 8 *Q &+ BC?
:C A58#
151
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
*+; A;B /;#+ ;BA *#/ r€Q A 5 F# L o€h '
o+;h +; ;,€% CG;P „8;% /;U# *Q+u *A^# A 5
* /#8; ; ; /;#/+; „% *+ / * r€Q ./5
` R;_ +; A;B +;B; &€Q 5A 8Bf "# ./#+B 0 C8U
cA AB 8'` †T'A /5A^' ` -C BC#% &+0 +
*G; S CT E/G .+B dE+U * / 8$Q B
A;B ;>' C;Q #/; *EA#"# A 5 *+ ' :/5 d o€h A
; YC;+O; 8;% A; /5 :_ *EA8^5 R^5 C8U *
;5# #/ r€Q A AB 8 VEf ‡ B A+O+ ^5dU *AB
.(29 :1386) C5 5 $? :€% E5U C^' AB 8 *A58# „8
#"# *A d# + l +;, zQ &+? L M… d# #O… 8, . "# Od A;< ;E` A;B "#» :C /` «L» M… M N2 LMC AB] Y/5
L 8;Q ` *A#8O AB I` E` A%8 *? [...] /# ` 8_ +
; *;EF;E+ ; .«/;># +0 #5 + A< E` AB #"# Yz#f$'
` A;$B ; *+; d# zQ A
A` #G P"O 2 ƒJ ‡+E@
.(«L» R| :1369 /
E :g.) C /5
C; ($!`) F# L < K8# A E# Q$? O/# ‡S8$G
:85
& K8# .#$? *E^5/ K8# -/ A w8+ zG E5 [C
#]
z;J R;ˆ Y8;5; R;5 +; C;
5 A w8+ *E8V$B ,8#
+f;U#s;hG# /JQ GVp+u _ 8 +fUAh Z<'HGP
/#8;5; w8+ #B A 8?8 /E85 A A?8 < .$Q R,+u
R;^' /;
8; A; ;Q /;# ;# S€;% ;] :ˆ *+ AB
./E p+ *E "B8% A &/, *^ E8%Z0$E
/;#8 EF#L A#8O :C *AV, 8, F# L &8 K8# +%S
26 M$5 / 7 :
152
$;O) /#; 8;'` ^ 8#% *eQ &$ A :J# ER# +
.(34 -33 :1386
V';, 8; z;]+ h bU $!` (2001) 5N' /# %+
:1388 +;! ;P :g.) /# ‰GV <pQ *EIB %5 */?
A; +;y;, 8A F# L 8 $O */A < 8? .(403
*EI+O /#) 5 * (#$? J# Rˆ) * F# L :K8# >]
;!E+ („;% ;E+O C8;eQ Rˆ) -Q$? (? „%
A; /U CB + *+VGA AB +B rJ (*c# 8, +JT /#) 8,
; *V+ Q$? €G &$ /EB+ CU / /_ Oc
.(129 :1387 Nb O) /B 8 Oc
:+ YC /G d$ +!/^ A#O/] *EL Q$? GV
. A" Q$? ƒ A^ 8% | A# C< N #L /,
A; /;#8; /# ` * + #"U + F# L AB < +! VQ A
A;# /;B&;#8;% A# A<# + ./B N$B +! + 8? *Q
.(32 :1386 $O) C /B&#/
; ;V F;? A; ; *+; I8% #$? zQ AB B :ˆ *+
A;B ;B ; Y/;#+O;$# + VQ ` /5 €+ 8 /B >U $5
*+; #$;? ;VQ ;5 A /58B C I C/% CG E8%
L 6*+f;UC;‹ .(33 ;$E) 85 #/ ŠQ C ^$ AB /B +EW 8%
F# L g r> Y85 ^5` $? F# L G : +O F#
A;B;] Y ! 8%L 5 &+ IB A !E+ Q$?
+;" 8;$Q C;_ 8;5 +;0 L *;EA#"# C8J A AB $Q A#8O+E
YC; F;# L j d0 '8J 8O^5` 7*+fUg ./B
:$O :8,A +
+;! ; ;$ *+,+ s+ C ^5` + N F# L AB#
*d;] F;# L M; +! ` A^ Y85 ` /5A%5 A +0
153
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
;G YC;5 /;E8% ! *+fUC‹ +€Q +! Q A A# /#
G5 + /#8 C%5 A# /# M V, C%5 E` `
+;! R^;5 /;5 ^5` Iu ` :8p AB V, $ + C"U
.(101 -100 $E)
# :G O8% rE+ Q$? +< +p F# L Nd# */#8U
;' */; Rˆ $? *Ez]+ . 8? L Œ+G 8%L +
+; /;#8% A;#8 ; ;# /# Q$? *Ez]+ ... ,]
+; +p ŠQ ... *+O'S */ !"_ Rˆ !E+ -,€% AG?
C/;T A; A;B C 5 *VQ EU 85 +! *8 s^;5 0 a, .(404 :1388 +;! P :g.) /0# Q$? *+
C;8E» C; ` ;E8% ;5 A;B 8;E G «8J' Q$? C8E» ` C; ` * +;P_ :;_ ‡€$Q AB 8E G „
5 «RG<' Q$?
/5 O8%+ Vu ] 8% #"U + u AB /B _ 5
_ I8% O/# G,8 ZB+E $O M/JQA .(318 :1386 d) C
; /;58B; ; Y8;5; *;VQ _ ŠQ AB u /B
Q;$? C;8E CE sG+u <+G I8% + + CJ
C; *;VQ :$_ L ] AB B + .(41 :1386 $;O) /E CA
.(298 $E) /#$ , A%5# $E /B € I8% Ž+ *A!# zu
+; ^58 &8$Q rE8 !E+ -Q$? G $!` RQ "
(K)
H8 +e_ ()r+ +e_ A AB > /5 YC 8%L
Q;$? +;p ; ' #8$# A$"]+ AV' ./5 /B5 /#8 /5 :;ˆ *+; Y/ 8 d# R *8h *E*BI8% %+ 8$Q +<
(N[$;) A;#S/$E p;V * ? M+ */ ` A
z;?8 -rJ;+u rJ -K+"# y"Q A#8O+E AB z+ A Y 8?
:1386 d;+) 8;5; *; a;h, $` g :8T /5 aP
/;% +;>, *+O8;? *+; p;% + AV +p d? *] + .(184
26 M$5 / 7 :
154
&+? A B# +% yp * R' $E A /5 .C A5/# 8?
.(185 $E) /#+B ZV_ AV O AB -
5 * *EzQ A s A#^5% R$Q+E A^ /?
5# yT# #z]+ -85 L 5 Q$? +p ŠQ GVp 8pA
A;B C;E;# Q$? O/# N wJ#  C, Md!#
‡;V+J AB -8, !E+ F# L z+
z` EL H
K8# &8;^ ;G zV;A; 8;N + YC 8 R,+u -/#A
` +!/^ /;#`; rE+; ` C;Vˆ C;8J +! *EL zu ` &>
C<'
$5 d +/+U +> 8 +" /5 L 8+!
A;B C; */5A%5 !E+ $# «F# L» /#+B Q| %+ AB] YC
L ;!# ; .; ;BA AG? + +B VQ /"
d$ *+
;W# ; ;E+;!# E zu AB C *A"B E!# +V 8, F#
*d+O0E *c# ? ‰GV A +O ./B €+ „% E+O
«;#F;#» d; A#P+= *+^ (220 $E) /# „% VG !E+
; "8% A "
CQ+" H'
*/ \8B+ *+ +` 8QA
sf;_ H';
*/; \8B+; A; A;#> ; A; /;#+O +> 8% \d_
a;8? z;u & K8;# ; ./;#+U; ;!V
# c;A; E8%+O
h; +, /V *E8"B l AB] Y + *+BB /V
8>;" +; E;"E5 ' 2500 l A$? ,+5 /V *E8"B \+u
Z;U ; A;^ /;, /; + E+O N$BA 5 +E» + YC
sf;_ A; &/;, +B$# R$T 8% s+p *8, *EC
5 I8% CVˆ
;;T'8 ;;58# !1 S,,; \;;B .(131 :1389 ,;;P) «C;; +;;B;; ;;E`
$?;> d; $E 5+ -C +^# *5 F# L A A]+O -c#z?
A;V
# ;<'
;B *+ !E+ *+^ \+
*Ez]+ G z;]+ (38 :1362) c;#z? A .C + E"E5 l fO+Xq
8; *;Q #;"# 8;; ... &+% N gd /# EC
5 A
155
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
+/;#8% A;B;] YC;# + E5U /V &^_ *d ]
+T +ˆB rQA 8 /T *+ * AB C ` N M &6CT&U
+ l #&>  .(37 $E RJ#A) 8 :€_ &T +5V Rˆ
*;J *+; *8;#du 8G; 8;$T A;B +B 8?C? 8#du +Q C
\8B/;!' ;h+, /; z;]+ ; <'
+E Q$? >? / I8%
;<'
sf_ *8# *+ I8% /J Z[ /#+B 8% < =V
/E8;5 8;% l; (232 /1 :1376) ;J> R;e<'8 A;B] Y` +? A
A; N;_ /;"B +; /# YC ` /+ ]  *
#++u E5U +^ $E A + R| /5 . /5 h+, &>
;;; /;;;# /;;;;` /;;;/U *c;;;#
:/B 5 8#du /#
; g+;; + ...8;;; *;; +;BA; ;E 8; * A# g+ A# JE A#
` r;O I58U N"B 8%
` r;; ;;B +;;U ;; /;;U
...I;;U /;;#` /;;# ;; /;;80
I8;% 8; U B A;;;B ;;;> ;;;O 8;;;5
A;;8% ;;U 8;;;% /;;#d+
(115 -105 \ 9 :1378 +)
a; #$; ;!` /;5 ; /; &> A + 8% _
l;5 ;'du ;eJ'Q €_ /# #+ Q A8 O/# l ./#+B
; AB C T' / Rˆ A? A? *E#z]+ 8$ d# ... ‘+5
./;#`; * ;E` ^d sf_ A Z[ 8$Q +p A / jp8
C;5 ;PQ ; 8;? 8;O d;# \+;Q +; F;E+ 8;0E G5 l
+; ; _/;$ z;? C;, *+; +Q;5 A;B C; !E+ -Q$?
;> K8;# A; «;#+`» CG; N;$B I8% z, H'
C
5
./#+B r> # #$?
26 M$5 / 7 :
156
@1 -@
>&$9; .3
GV@ .1 -3
/5 B ‘+Q &/ C8^_ RV, 8#% +$E AB RS#+ # -A_
;u` F;? `  Z;U ; I;5 ./;B  ,+Q *+ -8
A; A;$_ _ z5A$# r_+'/VQ (&1980) F? u` ZU A<E .85
* A; /;#8;$# /8O» /# H0# A_ d# 8% +$’T“ +>5
A;#8O+E &/; A;B ;0#` .(92 :1390 *+,) «[...] /"^ AT 8% $ +
*;] 8; +;B K8;$ I8% + *+ #+ VV #8% V
+;$E /;# ‘€;p &/;Q *;E *+; A;^ d;? /;#;$# r_+'/VQ *+
Z;U ./;B >U W# 8% A#% \8% ‘ '8O /B #+
*8;' ; /;#+; ;5A#% A V
M %+^' o€ + ./; F;? /;5 A;"B CVu *+? #+ +O+ M8#% A N$B
+; A_ A 0 +^ b/A / $p r_+'/VQ {+ AB +
.8;5; A#% w_ A"B A_ * r_+'/VQ CA Y/#+U
/;G /` #A ./B $O/ A$E A#% A_ *+<# 8+ O/#
C;"!# ; /;G :; N /> /'8 «+O+ /5 rO» r# : N ./;#;$# ; &;> d# */U M8#% ./B A_ *8A &>
*+; *d;!# R;Q ; ./;# &+_ EA A_ /U _ A$E
N;$BA; , Y/#85 P 5 "B A /B 0 /> ;#% A; R, "J# +B $Q *+ &/ C8^_ w8J !E /> +
.85 A -C /U $E AB -AV+u *+ >O# fO U ! @1 2P ?1 W= & X .2 -3
A; A; ZB+;E /5 H O/5>U rE O^5` C% A rE C
8; C; AB] YC +B A?8 ` % A? A I8% +< !#
/5V# *A#8OA /» C C /JG ` 5 ^5` A? + +@# C#… +W#
157
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
z+ N A / A^ Y/#8
H
>? 85 8V0 /#8% AB
Y(Philips, 2005: 6) «/;$>< ; /;#8 ;5 8 /#8% 85 /#8%
:;V#A; ; C;# /;#8% %/# V5A *+ *A C» A +
+;a !E+ *e N !E$E A CJJ_ A^ YC# "O ,U
!<># S Rˆ %+ RJ .(11 $E) «/B 5
A;^ H;'” ;"U *;E; A;# +;! ; M/JQA ./# V
f!E ` /#8% /E ? A AB C zp
*EIU»
.(72 :1385 N^ Y204 -201 :1390 yh8#) «/B g "U *E
; +W#rE AB `+ Q$? -%5 %
s€%+; A;B r5 A5 JQ "#8% •C A 9 S Q$? +^
*Oc YC RD, #>U !"OrO Oc C *+ 8TH'” C
; O+E AB C ` CG, .85 +< H"B /#8% C y / AB
zV;A C /5 Q$? #5 # ƒ $# IV'u +^
*A+Q A +! +E I O`8%# +$P *8T C' C'G
Q;$? F;E+ A; A;?8 /;# + +Q _ A5fO 8 N^'
./B :/ ... ,21(- /# *X` A ^5` V 5 L H8 &;J ; *;EC;
5 ;%+ /8# AB d^ d'] 58# YZ
C;
5 «&;"E r#;%» A; A;_ #O/# _ KP AJ
(60 -59 :1390 *+;, :g.) C; +;B AV" ` # g > +=
: + */#8U +! /] A#EO`# A#EO` :g.) «r;+ C >? O+U AB /% » :/D M8 28 ` C
#
d;E+U» ;G /5 A58# u` T< RV, AB (5 ;$E
*+ '€> CQ+ $O C ` + +@# d# «8'`O @–8 # C$>
.; $;5A; ; „
;5 ƒ !#8!] H"B _ +X *fO&# r>
; A;B /; A;0# ; A 8 8Bf ` 8Q + A^ 26 M$5 / 7 :
158
; ;$+E Z<# G # 8? _ *+# RJ 10
+; *+;# ;># *+# RJ */+ +VGA #_ # >'
Š;_V o+;p ; M/;8# /;, +;W .C C
5 8^ /+ AB E# # _ *EI^$"B C d# C %5 -,€%
;^ p; ;>' #h;5 *EA8 C, +Q +; /;^ \;p I^$"B U *+, d# +E@ A]+O Y/#/# /+
*+;# ;$# C;^5 8;QA; &+ CA ` #8!#+ &/ $0 +O
./B J' zp
A #h5
12
AB C 8XE R## ^+` M/8# ^E5 11 ! & VEf zG G? ^+` 88 +>5 13./ —]A &1850 :
A;B C; +;U +;E &;#A; 8;? # 8 ./ ‘< rE/<E +, ˜+; F;# A A s+_) F# L A &8^T +$Q U «#» A \^ zVA
*;GA; adulteress ;$B : s+_ a, /5 z# B# * AB
A;B -K8;P8 +;W# d;# .(1369 8XE :g.) 85 (C B#
-C; /;> ; I#+;U A$? +p O/# # A r> # ; 8;%L +; &+ RG !#8!] EC
5 CG,8 A †T'A
: EV5 8XE #$; 8; * A;B */+;P A 8% r$"] rE #% C"U
˜+; /+P !# «™/# /+P 0 +]» :r+U ./#/"B
;!# [...] /;V +> I$"] +O A 8 &/, /] /5 //# A; ;_ C; ; ./;5 +;% ;#% 8 / AB *8 /# F# /"B %# .85$# gU F# .8 * F# %+ A /"B
+;^ /;? I;T z;' + .+$B A<E N /] /5 .C
.(30 :1390 *+,) "O :/B
8;?» ; o+;p o+p AB C pV 8 8
:85 +,+ ./ «IB
159
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
C;" r% rE +0% r% A rE
C;;"^ ;; r;;"% ;;^ `
*;;; y;;;_ 8;;; *š;;;# ;;;
*+E8O/;; A;;B I;;<O ;;^ `
8;%C;5 * 8;! ™+%` +B A] 8;! ™;"B +;] ; 8; E
8;! +;;%` +;B A;] A;B 8!# 8;Q * ;; C;"B ZB‚E
C; * g% šB I$;"B
C; * Q šB +B *B C<O
r;"B *+; +;E Z;U C<O
r;"T * I;^ Z^#` :C;<O
(787 -781 \ 2 :1371 #S8)
rE8; + /5 A^5 8O o+p */U s€% 8?
Z;<# ;"B A #S8 8 $E *$# A_ A #F# #$"U /+
;` ;$E #; ;8# Q8;#A; AB C CJJ_ *EA$"]+ A C"O
C;_# +;E C; AB
:C (/D M8 28 `) u`
C;;;%/ ;;; ` C;;;8 Z;;;<#
;B ; *d;dQ /, +E
;;# ` +;;> A;;B I;;^ ;;E
F;? y% y_ U F; C;› + 8% *# * ...; /#$# $5 + ZB
f;;;Q ;;; ;;;"B Z;;;<#
(791 -788 $E)
A #S8 O`8%# O`8% 5 /5 *+? d!#+Rq ^#
:C F# L VD5 o+p U J_ M/JQ 8GV
&+;;% *+;;$B /;;d;;
&+;;$B ;; €;; d;;B *8;;_ 8;;
C +$B E$B A$? A^
C; +! VQ J# /_ 8%
*+; /; /^ I8%
*+;;;$B ;;;Q F;;;# Z;;; `
(809 -807 $E)
26 M$5 / 7 :
160
XU [% 1 ! \.&= .3 -3
8;%L ) A;_ ; ; Y/# * Q+ *EC
5 ;,+Q +O+;) r_+'/VQ (A_ /5 /#+ *) (/> /;U) /;? (A;_ ; Re&) /> (/> /U A_ +$E
(; r;G) *;El;5 (8<; +E85) +_ (A_ +E8%) 8< (A_
; $E %+^' o€ + (r_+'/VQ +) *>'/VQ (+_ +) #/Q
*+;! A;_ ;^ :C; C
5 + A; ;58#+ *E8 . G 8? *
:/E
O/;# s€%+ AB 8O$G g# 5 :'.@! L&HN $U .]C
I; ZB‚E [AB] +U C:% #» A 8 +B R/V AB *+E@
# 8$# (44 :1390 *+,) «/8% œ+<= N I€B +E C"U Y+= ./#
Q;$? C;8E ;, .C AG? !E+ *EC #+, K$? /5A#!
; .8;5; /;/> d;# 5*+ C8E ` aVA / +h%A #L +
d;# *+; C;8E 8;% r, A_ *+ &85 C58#+
; I#/;#+ _ 8#% A^ &+ >A# AB *A#8OA Y +, +h% Œ+G
./#8V# RD, 8E Cˆ_ *+ /5 WT'
%5C+G !? F! pV Jh †T'A + C8E j
/;B; V E| A d] N „% » dE ? :8,A + Y „%
+B; C;E+B .(37 :1386 ) «/;#`; E| A */G *Ed] EB 8O;#8O *;E;#&;> ;A; /BQ/ AB -8%L + „% *;E\;h% .C; AG? d# E` *VQ *+ C8E ^# *$# -C
«A;+<Q» (40 :1390 *+;,) « ;» «» /;# A;_ *+ &+ +p &Q
;E&+_ (54 30 27 18 $E) «"O» /# E\h% B ... (83 $E)
; ;VX *+; ;EA#;"# /;> ; *+; ... (66 $E) «E`» (41 $E)
.CQ
161
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
;
5 ,€% \8Q $? *0E# C A_ OL ŠQ A#`
; R;_ ;!E+ Q;$? F;# L ;!
` ;E+$E A;^ YC#
;+Q a;8? R;Q ; .C 8, F# L A_ #^5% A#B#
rE+; ;#+ c;A; ;!#! A; #z]+ *+! RQ +E I
V?8 A_ O/# *E‘< A]+O .d` C 5] +O cA Y/B
I /d A_ A &+ @/ *EA + A#` +B rE+ &+ #$O/
:C 8#+ G *c# 8, !#! d]+E
«™8 ` 8?A] +O+» :r+U +_ &A'%+E85 «™+O+ &/B»
«r_+'/VQ»
/; 8; /;# r;E +;O !^# +^ A 8% .:d zG /JA^"%»
«. ‘€p «™+]» :/+U z0G «!/# #+ 5 y_ W# ‚E 8]»
«™+]»
«./8O E` 8]»
.(23 $E) «/$> /#/5 AB {d» :/8O /B A !#
/;5; A;"B A;] C;"O+ F? r' A] +O+» :/8O +_ «./5 $5 /U C#8$#
«™+]» :/+U z0G .(36 $E) «! +? #+ N 8% A_ *E{ 8 8]»
/;P &+; ;#L *;EA; d;# A_ < A#O O/# \
#
;#% *+;<# O/;# + + /U d# /#+ +B E .+B C8J
*/;U M8#;% 8% *E# +B rE+ +! ' N$B A *# +$E
*+!;"U G,8; ] .C
!#+ O/# Z0 A &+ A
/;, V_; A; /;5 N;d# A; 8%L + +//5 Q$? z,8Q d;# A;_ ; Y(55 :1386 ; :g.) /B zu+ !E+ !U Q$?
26 M$5 / 7 :
162
IU +$E ? 0# *+ AB *+/ $E ^d *E/#dO E *+
.85 Nd# -/, !U $# 8QA -%+^' o€ A 8 A+O
+;$E A; *; ;
5 r+;_ C# *+ A_ #+ *
*+; :;_ Y/EB 8? *VQ _ # " r_+'/VQ
:/B ^5` *+ 8% CG,8 I8% +p VQ " B
; A * $ #$ A +O r#$ rE #$ 8 » :C<O
«.^# N5
./;#$# ; *+; ;ˆ_ ;#; [...] Es+_ ™r^# N5 8pA]» :r<O
«.C8 C S *+`
; A; AB *A$J' A +O . A5/# N5 A r8O $E ƒJ» :C<O
.(62 :1390 *+,) «. A5 $ A * $ *
/;;+ Q8;;# $;;O +;;!# y;;h 8;;;; s;;G+u I;;B ;;
G + „% *Ez', %+ ` f!E AB +B J «*A?+»
;< ‡€;B d;] ` R;G +O +» /B A?+ +! J
.(102 :1386 ) «/B J
;VpC+ *8 A#BzB *E + F# L ++ 8^ 0#
` R;J + IB K8# 8%L KP <–8 G,8 ] .C
+;_ *EIE8% A A_ Q .(138 -137 :1386 $O :g.) /B A?+
;EA;#8$# ;E` ; ;^d ;J %+^' o€ + +E8%+E85
A;"# I; +; F# L Vu y_#A AB C *8%L *EIB !?+
.C
/;#+ YC; ; ';22 * * :'(XU 1 ! # ^ .
;# _ *E/JQ A /> + +$E O8%L zVA AB A_
r+[ rE8%» :C /5 +O «*+>B» M/JQ `\fQ _ A$?
.r;+U;$# ™C;] O .#+> C+U+ ™rB O/# 0 / +]
163
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
«» &;J# +;^ A; 8;$E + .(21 :1391 *+,) «/# r8O l :”
:C G
&d+ I<ˆB 8% &8 +P_ /"B P C A CB AB '_
#;"U +; A;B .IE!# I8^ +B +!u + AB 8 «» +; #"U ‘+Q C5 «» 8 ># IE+U *EA$B AB C5 *+
+;O» :r8;! r;8%; .C;+O + g+] :$ C
+ .(83 $E) !/5 &$ .A+<Q */# + +! .*
YC; ;!E+ Q;$? F;# L R;Q &/; /V; C8^_ *+
-/B * «» zu 5&8 = A AB - &# /# R' $E A
+$;P ; ; ;^^< ‚E /E +, zp
+$P $E d# &/
:85$# RD,
I,; 8; 8 C"U 8 A5fO «» AB $ /U N]8B \, +u A
:8 / *8 * AB ‘ A58O +E AB 8 *+! {d Z^Q \,
A$E +" + Z^Q [...] gV :ˆ$ rWQ /D, Z^Q C;
; ; ;>A;# «» Y +, CGP «» AB+] Y&+<
.(35 $E) C /5 &+ * !" */U ŠQ A^ +B
_ Cd O8%L >A# /> *+ +
+p d`‰GV AB C +fU#R$T d# -8E a, -*/U
:85 C8J
*EA AB 8# .C8<A'% ` +% N : /#+ N ƒJ ++U
L+ + AB rE EA?8? .r/# ?% 8? ./E +_ 8<
8B .C5 *EgA?8? Yz# R .r/5 {d *+!
.(55 -54 $E) r &8% !# r AB gA?8?
+;! 8eQ 8 /58%# * 8#% /' ^ +O» $O M/JQ A
*;E/;#+O ;>A;# ;E` + Y/#+V ` 8 /V# A#% ` *EA /5 A5
CJJ_ /5 C ^$ "<h' aVp hA /#85 J #$p R,+u
C; R;'A» 8%L 5 + Y(108 :1386) «/#85 R$T */? *Ez`
26 M$5 / 7 :
164
*d;# +;! ; A# Q$? d` A#+T z 8% +^#
d;# +O+; \+h;e 8%/; +; g8^" /#8 A+ A8%8%
;B8B C'% G R A Q *E/U .(45 -44 $E) «8"
:C 8>" 8%A 8%L /' O/# /#
;5J# .+B d` B C% \p E F Y/"B 5J# />
/;> ;; ./;E; rE "# ./? "# /G /E "# :
«™/> */"B C] » :/+U
«.&+_ N» :/8O />
.C; &+;_ I#8;% .C
/V# I#8% .C"B /V# &+_» :/8O
«.C &+_ A .C &+_ I58O
«™A<O 8 A B E» :/+U «./?» :/8O />
*8; r;#; */;!' : ./> s+p &+U r? [...] +O A+O A;+O /> .rB UU &+O I 5J# fuB /G /> r^5
/;> . I
U EV' 85 U C%/ .r+p .+O
C;" +; r;#; U .IT A &+O A$E ./B + &U C +
C; ./> r"] *8 rB U w_ HB g% .EV' C%
!& /;U ; !/8% /U» :r# Z^Q * rV, * &fO
.(41 $E) !/8% &+_
;0 8;%L ; ;P+Qr;E zVA O`8%# AB 14*+ 8ErE _
C; *+>B M/JQ 0 ` < *E/U ./5 g#+h% /#8 85
:C A +" *8$# (8%L /#+) * cA A_ M8#% *eQ AB
+ ` Y+O +$B 85 + /` #A +V% AB, /? /8O
;?;$E .8;5; + /'8 +V% AB /#+] I#/<8O A5 8 ; / AB + ./V + /# r"] $E *+ .85$# / +! /
;E 8 +W &/U AB *+V% >» :/8O 8<A'% [...] / +%
.(49 $E) «.8 IEA A_ {+ 8" 165
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
* ;EI;B ; ;^ A ‡S8$G /5 ] J_ _ A AB *+
*+U‹ :% d+O 8A O AB I
+V? C
# :`
A;B /` 8?A *+" #8 /, _ C'_ ` + Y/B +
E *+ + AB 15Ud+O _& Y(14 :1392 8;) C ` /, G, O/#
/8;5; C; 8% ƒT ‡G, :% r'Q A + U *?A db# ƒT
;0 ;5# ;B /B 5# ,J5 +V? &8 Y/B E d]A$E
; /;5 +;! O/;# ;Dd? ; $B 85 + AB J_
*`&+; 8;?zQ + A /B A?+ ` „% VQ ‰TA
; (*`+O ^d *+O) A#8?d *+O&J# A +V? /,A +[
;_ d;_ Q8;# A;#8?d; +V? R^5 +E .` * "B8%
; 8+ AB (*) /# Y(20 ;$E) C 8>" C58#+ A 85
;J_ ;_ C;8J Š;Q +p +JT */ O8%L (I8;% ;"B8% ; R, A r$) A#8?d +V? A I+O 8?
*+; ` +; A;B C; ;"B J# +V? *Bd A R$ .85
/Q;# K;P :8j; ;+p ; ; 8;5; R8 ` A +V?
.(53 -52 $E) /B +G I8% €^"
;# +; *+;>B ;_ g8;B Q$? |8<# A>? +B :d'd
. A># 8? #+V? Q *EIB /B
M8;_ *;/T z;?8 #;`A; ;EO/^+; E*8% EC^5
IJ# /^# _ Eb# $E A^#` + ` ./#+O +5G
d+O 8% H@ :8V, /# U C"U 8% <@ A /B E 8%
//;5 C;'_ ; A;B *8; .85 +O +! 8% ƒ d;E+[ <p;Q ;$ K8# +E +O d+O A$E C ^$ + /5
.(47 $E)
;5# z;u A;B 8;5; R;$ *8;B A /5+J_ # AB C0
;# *;E8V$B ; ;E;+_ ;EC+T EHGP &, K8#» Rˆ 8Q
26 M$5 / 7 :
166
+;<# $D €QS _ .(14 :1388 +;5) C «#$? Q$? E|
; w;V *+;,+ #8;# /;> +; */;_ 8? +JT
C 8? A#8B €$ + J_ _ *E/U +!
;D A; ;# ` A; A; +; *;EIB AG? + Y(14 -13 $E)
‰,; /;#8; $;O :8;,A; A;B *+8 Y/#"B 8% „% *+8
I;J# C;V# A;V' .(60 :1390 *+; ;$) /5 *+5 $Q R,+u
+Xq;; ‘€%/;P A;#8A;B *e 0 &/ r… */V C$B_
A;B8% G? % *8B d# (190 :1388) +5 ZB AB] YC#
.C A#
F& .4
; A; ` ` $'^ A "#8% C RT /+ r>
", -,# G AG? $<O z ^ : ! ƒV+ A?+
+; «IB; 8?» &0#+ 8XE R## 58# ! &
8; Q;$? ;!E+ ;OL A;B /;`;+ yJT b# ../ &
;+p 8;%L + *+O/# \+
GV 8, F# L E+$E
K;$? ‘€;% O8;%+O C C .C5 /E8% `
YC; &/; ;O ‘+;Q */V; ;G? Q;$? ;5 FE+
Q;$? -; `;J<% *;e +Xq; *c;# CVQ zVA AB *AG?
rE+; ;V?8 /B &8^T (#) !E+ F# L A RS#+ *8#%
C;8E ;GV .85 E` 8E !#! _ O/# :G 8%
L R;5 ;+p A;] ; 8;%L A;] 8;%L +; M/;5A5/%
$;# C;58#+ 8;5 _ ' 17*VQ :$_ L 16*VQ A;B C; &;J# *8;B Z_ !
!#+ ` aVA J_ M/JQ 8
+;E I; *8;;B Z;_ ` R;€ '; ;J_ M/;JQ G +% M/JQ
( *) cA (8%L ) A_ /#+ +! C
5
.+O+
167
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
2L.=
1. Erving Goffman
2. stigma
.220 :1386 /Q+ :g. *+, /0 M .3
4. inferiority complex
5. B.G. Link
6. visibility
7. perceptibility
8. evidentness
8;+B C . -Q$? s+ 8+B +W# C /JG + & .9
C;; /;;, r;;J A;;G? *;;E># +;;= *+;; Q;;$? ;; ;;5 ;; .(Irwin, 2004: 233)
(1382) 22 .a $H «*;^# +W# 8D» /+ /#8$! :g. 8W *+ .10
.10 -1
11. The Scarlet Letter
12. Nathaniel Hawthorne ZU /5 +" 1333 : ' -C /#+O+ A 8"# $ AB - .13
./ —]A 8% "# *8 1369 : € \€J# 14. identification
15. fugue
16. discredited stigma
17. discreditable stigma
b
+?;> +;> $?+ .\2 & "&2B .(1387) Nb +U /# O .AO` :+> .*8V# /$T
$,H .«$O Q$? +W# 5» .(1390) *+ +$O J/$T $ .77 -59 .2 .( :+;> .2v .;B&/;J ;P ;$?+ . X# 1 LCZ _( .(1386) & .# +"#
.+ :+> .L1 1 6. - .(1387) œ # .6v .+;VEz;h% R% I58BA .*/? A M .W& S; .(1376) Re<'8 J> .\> :+>
.+8# :+> .2 1 . ';. .(1389) _ /U .>?IJ# :+> .2v .X& - .(1390) +<G?/$T /8U .+> !"# :+> .LMC .(1372) +VBQ /
E .(/8#) ZB8' "# :+5 .2v .!1 S; .(1362) T'8 c#z? -
26 M$5 / 7 :
168
.(A1, d9,e @,
>&$9;) \.@ .(1389) Q ,P .# +"# :+> .16v
* ; (Q$? L) $! M//U +» .(1388) +! AJ/ P $,,H .«Q;;$? -;;# *+;;^ :><;; +>;;5 !#;;"# ;; /;;#+
.416 -401 .19 .5 .21g='.@
.;;X€X ;;T ;;$?+ .,G
1 ,,,,
,, .(1386) 8;;? d; .$Q :+>
.Š'X +"# :+> .0O 8? <0# ' $?+ .(.;h& .(1388) ZB +5 .8J, :+> .8^ —] + .1 2 .(1378) rJ'8 + .A$"] +"# :+> . .(1390) /0 *+, .dB+ +"# :+> .8UB 8G $?+ . ! .(1386) $O *+?> +> $?+ .G
2 i .(1385) $ #+ N^ .AO` :+> .2v .*8V# /$T
.+> !"# "# :+> .3v .W ^6U .(1392) 8$T 8 .8^# /'8 # + ..
./ .(1371) /$T /':€? #S8 .K8p +"# :+>
.A$"] +"# :+> .(1 ; (a- ( 6. 2 .(1386) _ /Q+ .
:+> .L&& - .(1390) $> yh8# .+8# :+> ./U _ $?+ . 2 « K8p» .(1386) .51 -11
./;U _ $?+ . 2 «+G r'D» .(1386) /#8$ d .106 -83 .+8# :+>
.8% :+> .8"# $ $?+ . ! .(1369) R## 8XE .!# :+> .5v .6. 2 .(1369) rE+ #8 - Beeman, W. (2007). Language,
Status and Power in Iran. M.
Moghadamkia (Trans). 2nd Ed. Tehran: Publication Ney. [In Persian]
- Beyhaghi, A. (1997). Trix-e-Beyhaqi. Kh. Khatib Rahbar (Ed.). 6th Ed.
Tehran: Mahtab. [In Persian]
- Biniaz, F. (1999). An Introduction of Writing Fiction and Narratology.
Tehran: Afraz. [In Persian]
- Dehkhoda, A. (1993). Loqatnmeh (Dictionary). Tehran: Tehran
University Publications. [In Persian]
- Edgar, A. & P. Sedgwick (2009). Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts. M.
Mohajer & M. Nabavi (Trans.). Tehran: Agah. [In Persian]
- Ferdowsi, A. (1999). Šhnmeh. Tehran: Ghoghnous. [In Persian]
169
... "B\p 5AG?
26 M$5 /7 :
- Gheysari, M. (2011). Tanbkeši. Tehran: Publication Cheshme. [In
Persian]
- Goffman, E. (2007). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.
M. Kiyanpour (Trans.). Tehran: Publication Markaz. [In Persian]
- Hawthorne, N. (1990). The Scarlet Letter. S. Daneshvar (Trans). Tehran:
Kharazmi. [In Persian]
- Iman, M. & G. Moradi (2011). "Goffman's Social Theory and
Methodology". Journal of Sociology of Women. No 2. Pp. 59- 77. [In
Persian]
- Irwin, W. (2004). "Against Intertextuality". Philosophy and Literature.
Academic Research Library. No. 28(2). Pp. 227- 242.
- Lukacs, G. (1978). The Theory of Novel. London: Merlin.
- Makaryk, I.R. (2005). Encyclopedia
of Contemporary Literary Theory. M.
Mohajer & M. Nabavi (Trans.). 2nd Ed. Tehran: Aghah. [In Persian]
- Mansour, M. (2013). A Study of Inferiority Feelings. Tehran: Tehran
University Publications. [In Persian]
- Mir’Abedin, H. (2007). Culture of Persian Novelists. Tehran: Publication
Cheshme. [In Persian]
- Mowlana, M. (1992). Masnavi. According to Nicholson Version. Tehran:
Publication Tolou’. [In Persian]
- Namvar Motlagh, B. (2011). An Introduction to Intertextuality. Tehran:
Sokhan. [In Persian]
- Payandeh, H. (2010). The Short Story in Iran. Vol. 1 & 2. (Realistic and
Naturalistic Stories). Tehran:Niloufar. [In Persian]
- Philips, P. (2005). Genette and Eco on Intertextuality. Semeia.
- Poyandeh, M. (2011). Introduction to the Sociology of Literature. 2nd Ed.
Tehran: Naghshe Jahan. [In Persian]
- Rajabnejad, A. (1983). Untrue History. Shiraz: Navid. [In persian]
- Rezagholi, A. (2010). Sociology of Autocracy (A th Sociological
Interpretation of The story of Zahhak in Shahnameh). 16 Ed. Tehran:
Publication Ney. [In Persian]
- Rezaei, S. Et al. (2009). "Phenomenon Studied Extensive Stigmatization
(Social Hot) in Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome in the City
Esfehan: A Psychological Approach-Social". Journal of Family Studies.
Yr. 5. No. 19. Pp. 401- 416. [In Persian]
- Ritzer, G. (2006). Contemporary Sociological Theory. M. Salasi (Trans.).
Tehran: ’Elmi. [In Persian]
- Scheler, M. (2009). Ressentiment. S. Najafi & J. Ganji (Trans.). Tehran:
Publication Sales. [In Persian]
- Watt, I. (2007). "Rise of the Novel" in Novel Theories. H. Payandeh
(Trans.). Tehran: Niloufar. Pp. 11- 51. [In Persian]
- Williams. R. (2007). "Realism and Contemporary Novels" in Novel
Theories. H. Payande (Trans.). Tehran: Niloufar. Pp. 83- 106. [In
Persian]
- Yonesi, E. (1990). The Art of Story Writing. 5th Ed. Tehran: Publication
Agah. [In Persian]

|ﾋ|»M 可y {Zﾅ ﾄ]

{ ｳZa