|ﾋ|»M 可y {Zﾅﾄ]

! "# $ *
*
./+&, -&
()
(95 -118 ) 1392 .24 .6 . %& ' ()
$% & $' !"# .01
.; <## =># ?@ ABC < ># ,*/ *0 # 7:*+ <#I* 7:; 7*!# E!: FG ,*/ H <D %* $/<
PCQ 7>O 7:; "#>% *K 7C# LM# N 7* ,=>J R># H <J ; 7C# 7: K ! "# $ .R= R:>%
7:; %* ?$J< ; R=>J 7>O >!' S*D # C@T /R$#<
R# < >/ .R"J *>< <0+ # =!# R# !+ 7>O
7:; R# <#I* 7:; # ,C# :>O :<M' ,C# R=V#UJ
.; R= <=!# R# !+
R: ;
= >O 7>!' 7*W F@< 7>O 7: <J N#H
C\ 7*K 7*X# Y>ZZ ;
= ;>Q ,:[W ;J N# .U*J > >*W >!'MJ ]Q ;#^ ^ ;* 7@*
U R# #* 7>O 7:; H _R># <J RH* *K < `*D ; R=>J «: <#>\*W» ##> _>O R\ U Y*M
7 ## 0+ N# a*= Y*G 7>O 7:; #I* R#
F'd < ;
= $# .RJ *0 <0+ # a>Cc 7c /* ]C
[email protected] :A>f _R># *
1392 /8 /2 :*EW h
1392 /3 /16 :; h
24 _$= / 6 A
96
;
= 7% F >/ &J# «*/>#» < H ]R@ «U» >!'MJ
.; S*D "4# $4 #$i jiC Ui 7>!'MJ ;* <## =># :3 3#.2
. !
$ .1
; (98 .1 -1
; O _ R k># *! * ># @G ]'< *Sc *D
;#^ l> R# */% =; RC 7 .;#
]+ */;J \/< .R#<\/ *" /R# ; P$D R#>W *!
n*J RQ V:* m% 7:<@+ < >$# :; (11 :1383) 1M@'
o# 2>$+ ?* .R#*/* # /R# 7:<@+ :H <K
n; <# %=;*0 7<'>C <K <+ F'd ? <# p* ;
>R R) R: "# >% :<d F'd qC ;0d _RCD< *
"R# R: ] >: *0 s* :>O <J N#H .(127 :1384
7G * (*0 # _RtW 7^> $c) F'd " :H
!% $: **u# 7>O 7: .Ro :; >: %=;*0
o# >% D$+ *JJ *0 / < ;"/ >: -*0
.(38 :1390 >W]D$ :w.) R: "# -RJ *v *JJ */ c \ 7* :,=>J K # !# :>O "R#
.;:>O D$+ 7:*JJ
&o' c <## ;>: 7*!# 7:< <0+ # 7R+ >Lc .R= N B YBC# jW <#* !# \ !#
<# <## ;>: 7>+;+ 7* "=>J # =># >WW >#*M=
:;
97
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
s>c R < # H # -7d 7:RW V+ YBC# *N
&>% ; &RGH R"R# >Z U># [...] ; *J Y*W
R#<=* U= «/» #>c >W M/# R= Z <J ; >@#
«{UJ U#R U:>% .&>= # & >/ >Z U># 7
.(1110 :1386 RD* ]C#<)
# ,*/ 7:<%= K <## ?@ N >O 7:;*u \
># o *|K k> U: ; <J ; 7=># ABC <
#@ A> < ,*/ = ?@ N 7* #H *K =# 7*/> n(51 :1391 7@d Ud :w.) ;# * $ *K\
* D >#% * Rd ;RS ]K=< <#@T7 @'O» }R<
>$: # : .R * D$+ \TD /R# <O RS
.(1112 :1386 RD*) «.R#<#! 7R$: P"D * nR#K:/ * #*d
7: :H < ;
= -7 ,C# *~ # 7*Md *
$ #$ jC oD <'oG >W# * >WW >#*M= A|
,=>J :<#"# >? ... (,BC# jW 7: ) >"#
; <#* 7:>O *CQ 7IRW Rd ;K= 7* <#*/%W
Y>ZZ # =># />*!» $#<+* 7* "=>J > *! .(227 :1385 'H) «IRW 0+ V:*
,C# ;\G D V+ R# D$+ 7:RRW %* # <
7<=c 7*> "# V+ # * n; R= :H
M+ J <J 'c nR: ;< V+ <#* # o'J
*o/# R#> */ M+ *@J R0 [< V+ F # * *v
=/R# U: *G * *:>= R#* >@# 7:RW >+ ;
BK" ,>% RW * *:>= >Lc R U: R*/ W
/R># %* :/R Z * .R#RH J * 7# /R#
7RWE$: ,>% H # *d >Q #$ jC R#
24 _$= / 6 A
98
# -!:* 7:RW <## R#R=>J 7>O # 7:;
=
< <## *!# 7>$# ! "# < .R: ;< YBC# jW
D$+ w*" ] */ *X# 7>O !# :>O
.; V+ \ 7:RW <$+
-%= ]Q ! "# $ q >"/
* #$ jC */>O qC<# H 7:;
= 7>O
-7C# *K *0 < <K nR: "# #* 0+ <## =># "R#
7 <0+ ,>% !+ $# >: *0 7* # S*D
.R#
3= >11 .2 -1
(7*\ ;*) ;* 7*X# Y>ZZ * Q -\> _>=< PCQ 7R >!'MJ» ]Q 4J >: >*W AJ *X# 3;#^ ^
jC ,*/ ;\J ]I @ $S >= .; > « *Md
W J ->*W #/ 7>!'MJ ]Q #@ ?$J< >O < #$
V+ c>@Q <## 7:<*N %* #$ 7*W;
= !#>!Z U#H
.UJ 7J $Q
A#BC (DC .3 -1
# *X# [< 7*W; ;#^ ^ *X# H ; R <K
CCQ _>c >+ Y *X# <*/ *d <+> >#J
0'O ;*» R# IC R:= *$J ; R"# < A@C RZ >!'MJ ]Q _>= nU: (1386 PO>#) «: *! ? q
7<= 7:*K * :;
= 7J J >*W
; RC# CCQ ( ]Q %=>O =)
.; R"# <=!# *K ;J E!: ":[W * RC# 99
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
:RC# o+ o# ! "# $ 7*W;
= ]Q RC# _
]C ":[W >J 7:; :<# %* '#^ 7: >O R#>W ;\J ]Q <@' .; <*!# >
o) «/*$' 7>O ; ]Q» >D ":[W 'C ? qC o# #*
# ! "# $ <J N#H n; R= <=!# (1388 *! 'R!
R\ U Y*M U <$+ I* 7:; < 7C# *K
# &>= ;=>#* < S*D 7*/;M+ #* 7:>O <> */>O *+ B *! > R#> ; ##> 7:>O .RJ = >O < /R># ,*/ ]I 0
F.G& / F8 3/&%EF .2
#.G& $ / 8 AF H .1 -2
]I R#R*/ :>O < -#* <Z *G <Z -# /< *Z <K 7# :H F :>O ;: I;
# :*$=* > #>/#>/
R=>J />H # &C # <J ; 7<#>/ o!#A%
n ;$: # 7* *K .R#> *! >% J>J < H
q R#> <J 7<#>/< n>= "#J>J :H /R#>H E' F+> *
k$+ < w>J ,W c *! , J>J :H RDd (* *) *W = ;DT< D / <Z RJ UKQ
;
= ;=o < :H = # *X# > D$+ -dB% A>
l*= # <J R= GH *W 7:<d >/ J K >/ .>= #
H 7 H < U:R\: _R # \Q = 7:7 7<#>/ R#
= :>/;\/ ;\J >@M < # [< :,'Z Z» * nR#>
;\'
< #H :/ *J ;* aB% _ =RCD
7: .(229 -228 :1387 j~) «.R#"J =/R# * UJc #* 7:0
.DM (L, (1697) K, (1698 -1697) C .) 3#$J, R# 7<#
24 _$= / 6 A
100
7:<d <#J>J 7:<# 5>' ># =># ... (1697) NO& (1698)
7* (1690) 7B U:R\: *d \: : *% <## 7:,=>J *W
-: FG <J > #M+ 7:<d #IRW ; < `*D
;=>#* * */ O >\# # -* =># *W 7:<d <C
*J 7* : #H 7:<d 7:K: <J ; K=H .R= >%
*CQ ]C # <J ##H [< n> >% C@T * R A$D
.(234 $:) R#*J
7:; 7*/*M <J ; :>O < # ,*/ *! ]'
<» <J <## $\/ * n; 7$\/ 7* #H B >$# 7>O
«RJ = * # q # q D$+ 7R
/R# % _ 7*K X# N *0 W (Smith, 1998: 39)
,=>J # /R=#>#J * <K /R .;:H D$+ 7*
qQ * <$+ *! "O /R# < :H 7C# *!# >=
U* < R#> n(459 :1385 o :w.) >= 7*!# ... k$+ >#%
;$Jc R=: >% # 7*/]K= :H \TD c 7:%
w^ R= #/< ]c* *X# < <+> 7!* >' .RJ ?$J I* 7*d UX# ]@d c* < R # 7o<W 7* # R>/ 6JI
!H _ '% * 0 #"W _ F # R#*/* $#
D$+ >d /R# h :>O .(98 :1388 7*:T ]C#<) R#H >+<
;>: 7*!# 7:<d*+ # <K nR# *" #!$: 7 qC o# *"
R# ; <N# nR: R% H R#>W ;\J ,*H ;0@T ,>%
<*N «» 7*/]K= 7>% ;>: * w>J <J '% !H c*
:>O *H / ># o# # (115 -114 :1385 ?K) RJ
.R#,>% / <K<K ;>: < :]K= R#
<J ; * ** *0 # >: "R# o :>O /R * n(101 :1388 7*:T) ; *0 #RW FK : oZ*: ,
101
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
n; R= &$ ' 7:; l* h RW 7:;$ /R
H < ;@# >$D ; <J ;# K <Z~K D >M\ ;0d *
;:H $Q %* :# : ; *" <K R= Rc >!$:
<#* 7:; R# CD :H <K $S n(235 :1386 j :w.)
lB%* -]' $: < n; R W< o# #R 7>O =E/
*
$ C# ; l*D V#*W *J<+* 7* :>O -:;#R
A>Q * * #I* 7# R#RC0 :H .R#*/ *M :H oH<v'@
>O ; <#* 7:; 7# # Y>J* >K 7*EW<O
:R: L Z N UM h
>% _*/ # 7 Rc <J ; # 7>Q M<# *
*UM 7%W /R <J '< Ac D ; <=E/ J
Rd :]K= *J MW < *J RM0 H ; Q ;
; h :H R# &# *<#*!>J* # 7* <J ;0+*
.(438 :1388 *J)
H K= U: <#* 7:; *:X */ *
< R=>J *
7:; 7*!# $S $ *!# .R >: >% 7*
H 7:<*X# + ;>: < :!# ?^>'>R 7*K 7>O
c .(311 -310 :1388 *' :w.) RJ ># <## :!# >#
0d U* < # (7*! />%) <#I* C 7:; />*!
.; R#"J 7 7*@0< 7R* K= ,>% *>
7*/]K= "R# o# 8o : 7>*J '^ R# 7>#* 7:;$
7*! N# H nR#*J * YG />\ RC |< !##
l>"K# »? _d» $: />*! $: pCd R#RC0 :H :R#<*/
:1385 ?K :w.) >= <=c $\/ ,
7H ## =># <J ;
.(113
24 _$= / 6 A
102
/ F8 F.G& 3& .2 -2
K 7* H #* *X# R># # *0 ># < >"# $ #* j># # 0 nR#<=E/ * ;"W
>JU: <J 7<#>/< n; R= o ># */ * >$: *>
p@*C R=P% # H $= *X# U: #* *X# U: /R>#
:YJ * /R># R0 C D @ .R#* **
RD* c =># / /L / 8& T# *X#
R* X# ;$: < 1389 $UD / & VW & X &)>
; R$= UM <## ># ; <t#H .; *EWK 7
<;@# "#>% *K =># # #@TABC *+ GH
.R= GH )& >"# (<#"W) !#H ;J*c <J ;:>O
n #>
$: :>O < # ,*/ ]I *X# pBJ 7*K Z
.R= GH ' +* */>O o# Y*G *K
>>Q >+ - _>O ># >"# /,W >/
*d /R># 7* <J > = -/ H I* ; _*O
: (1340 .) >O >= R# ># 7 <Z*/ .;*/
(1341 .) *# (1382) Z8 ! %& (1383) /
) R#
(1364) ZO E) (1363) Z)& 3/ (1363) C.& "- ]| 7H
<#* R <>%# <>% ># *! %* (1371) J- < ># ,*/ R#R*H RW<D / ?# 7: \T
## * n; *0 # o!#*] /R# #*+ :>O
$# R# # >: "R# RW<D 7: : GRG <J
;$: M+ <## =># *0 Rd< I* 7:; # F
.R#*/ W R=>W K=H *+ >$: R: *d ,>%
H \ (1368) [L # 7: (1333 .) >W# * R# #/R>#
$DE H] (1332 .) 7>'> <=* (1378) A (1369)
103
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
_) 3W U (1324 .) >WW >#*M= (1391) ^3
#$ jC (1391) & && (1340 .) *MJ @* (1367)
.RH $=< < ... (1388) ! "# $ (1342 .)
FG <@' -:>O ?$J< >J \: : *% !$: <J /R># #* !+ ;>: ]K" < >% H » -:H < 7C# 7*K C# >% 7* # B R#*W D$+ A>Q *v c*
«.RJ >@Q :R@# :R 7<W <J R#oH 7I* 0+
.(1109 :1386 RD*)
"# $E&C `G& C .3
&>M\ (1997: 2) ;#^ .; ;#^ ^ *X# 10;* 7:<#>/ 9;*
* K=H >Lc < H R#>% RJRQ >*J ;
"
(Q$ J ]|) $S ( 7:;d*) **G (A>d]C#)
K=H #MW <J 7oZ*:» *X# .R# >Q *! T@ D>$N <J ; ;* (8 $:) «R: *d : *! @ 13;* ;* 12;*W 11; k># }W *! ? R ;* 7:<#>/ ;#^ *X# .(83 :1386 PO>#) */* 14;,
<K nR#>

M+ >"# >@N R#>% <J 7<#>/< nR= =
R$M\ = > R#>% >= R#>% F* ? < R %R# @=< 7* 7<» *!RK > 7!>W * n(Philips, 2005: 6)
7L ? !:$: < ;CCc <K n;# "/dW A@#< R#>%
:R># ;* _ .(11 $:) «.RJ = * !:*
H < FG <J ; 7<O U# ;* <J 7B0 #>/ >
&I <K R <J >= *! ? R#>W F+> R>/ *\
PO># ]C#<) R>/ *@ H # RJ ]C# H R=
.(93 -92 :1386
24 _$= / 6 A
104
* :H O RJ RC# *\ & ;
# /*: 7*@0<
?» ;* .(93 $:) ; & 7* * ;
# 0 n;
< 7@+ R `*\ <J 7<#>/< nRJ RQ *! `*\
'H) «.R>/ *! H * &# R c / d *J ]C#
; _>c *W<*X# %* *\ ;* &>M\ <@' .(149 :1385
< k+ ;* H <J ;# \ RZ (1979) *\ ]K R#
#* M+ O< R=>J FT
R#>% R# #* ;0d <0+
*X#< .(260 :1390 PO>#) RJ "/o H *~ ,#>% < D 7* 0 > *! / <J ; 7*@0 $: ;#^ *X# ;* R
? @ R#>% ; ; <J 0 < nR#]d ;
; *T 7* 'N *J U:* <GRG ; "W 7: *!
o# ( ,>% l>' > ]0 < R#>% <J /H) '$c
> * ? Y>ZZ <J 7>Q «&*/>~:» *@) $c ;
.(170 :1386 W) ; (>= `* H ,#>% ,W
>% K=H UC >% /R># 7>O 7:; 7RF'd * nR#*W m% 7>O 7% 7<@= < $S UC*G
7*\ ,C# *M >O < «*» !# ;* >+ 7:<#>/ ! "# $ 7>O ,#>% <JZ n 0 7:<I "J
.; Y K=H dR =# <J ; :<#"# A>Q >? >O 7*\ R#>W
#K # c / "*W R# n;:>O ;:
nRJ * >%#>% *: >O Rd&$ >Lc N# <J s>c k>d
:R#
*% 7: s>c *J c :/ .> *J *v < w
a\ #* /R# 7<c* <J # w ]d <#
.*J$# w = S H <J # .R#
105
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
* <J ; J # ;=R# ,WjW <J + .> :;
*K ]' $: < [...] R= K=H * >J R:R": UM@
]> K < w 7* :/ [...] ; *J *$D A 7:A *J
.(37 :1390 #$) [...] R=
Y
# * nRH ;< =&# <J ; 7<*d ]c > *! !% _R:"# D$+ \TD 7 ;# d\ |%» >D «:» _^ R# n(164 :1371 >%) «; R># 7*K
>+ . ... %* %R\ U < ]| 7:;
=
RZ #> *T : _>O < *J R &# >7*@:
lB%* * nRJ$# K=H R _>O *H 7$:
;>Q : >% >* ; I* <J «:» >D
< :!# .; >% */ V+ 0+ ;=>#* < &#< #
UC @ <J -#> *T <#>\*W _>O #>% B%
.*J K=H 7>O 70 > -; : _>O
! "# $ (Va! .1 -3
V+ & U: .RJ /R# *J '>c >/ &#< <
* D >= <*EW *M !"# &>D = <J R *@% R jW . *M < &#;@ 7* (c) *W
>#% nR= R:>% @$ >N"# 7:!>% ]Q H* Q
%> Ao < F= H c > < ' n*/ >/ < R:>%
/R# #J >#% <J -%> .R#* W c < @ .RJ N < >M < 7<*S <#@= -RJ
l % >@D &!: RJ * %> Ao >= /H *+
R# $ < *$: *$:< R# .R * >M RJ
.RJ 7*~ N#H ;:C# * < , #% < jW 24 _$= / 6 A
106
<J c c * *\ 7*/<=>/ < "*W < a\ jW
%> ;#% *@+ 7* .H 7 ; &>= RW O D>#<
.>=$# P> #J < 7 o*/ F@< nR"K */ U$
!+ PT R < ,# 0$+ < *$:< J# jW
R * RM= _>#% dB !+ 7:K R n
K 7!>% :H *T% R= $ JJ *W
.R$# */J F= H 7*+ *J >* &RJ: ... /R
.R#*/ <M@+ RH >: < A@#< *:>% *:>= %*MZ>
RW BDI 7$ c M= <+> R >/ < <J!:
*W - *EW o+ 7Z * .>= %0\O'
R# -; ]: <@' lB% < *X# <J %R\
7R# RW * nRJ % < RW &oD 7:<o:
.R#$# ,* "J>% o+ : K _*W U*
"# $E&C `G& (Va! .2 -3
* M+ PO * <D*d &!: <J > >#*J *W 15:
17
R>W :$H * 16> * <J 'c nH ;< (/*)
[...] R#> *: o ##> [...] R * : *
7 w": 7o * M+ [<J] ; >\*W *$: R# o#
v < A>Q #* 7 :H 7* *M &* <;@# < "J .R#R#>% (* _R"
) >>W / : .H
*EW # W * RH < <J : [...] R>% 7
:1387 ;$) RJ ;#% *$: < E/ :]!+ 7: *W
.(362
19
«» *:>= 70< R>W &# !%U: ( _R#RM!#)18«*»
<#>\*W 21«<>J» .; > *:>% 7"J 7>#R% «/» 20«</» R#
107
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
R *% > > <#>\*W \= : >Z .> > * *%
* * RJ R / .H : < * kBT
.R#>~ : < : _ H RZ &!: <#>\*W R: *d /*# ]/
7W* <J!: (.; RC $# j/*# ]/ #> *T )
.>= ,R * <J H* ;"c 7* R"/ : <#>\*W
> ;#@D * RM# * <#>\*W , R=>%
: > .R#*/ (* M+) : * <#>\*W R:>%
RK"% $: * R# * nR#*/* < <#>\*W R:>%
#*d R% < =CD ; ]'< R#> R= * :#
<K= >% _ * M+ <#>\*W <J N#H nR#> R"J ;
.R#$ : *$: o# A *: &MZ? > Z# > >% # # RZ
>= * RK"% ( ] **) A < R
:1380 ;W :w.) R* (M ] **) * M+ < <#>\*W ;"/ .(40 -39
#> *T «<#>\*W :» _>O < /R# C
7 <t#H .R: "# (<>J) <#>\*W ;=E/* < 7R#$:
Y #$ jC #RW *K ; ] >% >O
-# ?^* ;=>#* < S*D 7C# *K : <#>\*W _>O
*v ; "
K= .; I* 0+ -<#>\*W R#
Jc >= U* <#>\*W A0 D>#< <J < 7>O 7:7K">%
<Z*/ * .; <0+ * q 7 7* R># ,=>J
;=>#* V+ # !+ 'Q =>* <#>\*W _>O ?$J<
R=>J V+ \ <+ < !# R>/ :H w": &>0#
Ec* V+ \ "% 7:RW %* < D :H * < FM#
7:o!# &>= ;=>#* ]>D * 7* < B R#$# c ,C# 7c >: = *K R= (:) $M+
24 _$= / 6 A
108
* * <J ; ## $# < _RCD< .RJ B* <0+ # /RIW
7*/ <#R# <>%# >% = ,H V+ \ 7:RW
*G I* V:* C\ $#) %* A| ; RS 7*@+ $\/ ;$u
<0+ # ]$K /R# ,C# < D .R# ; (d*= IRW R=UCD *!*G o; $\/ ]| R@* ]C $\/ @G o+ 7<N#
,o/ .R# #\# $u 7*/ <0+ #* > ;*0 ;>:
;\G UJc R# < `*D 7<#"# ; K$ o# #**G 7>O
kS U* 7* >*G $\/ #%? < # * W > 7$\/
>Mu : 7:RW < S*D < ;=>#* <Z .R= <0+ ,>%
# >% 7> IRW 0+ # *: F@< <@' <J R= <#! V:*
:>= K#
N Ic R= "* d\ U: */ c : < *X#<
&>M\ ? qC :H G K# .RJ K# R#Z# >% *M= :>#% H 7:> #* 0+ >Z ' > R= N :H < ;=
`*0 R= <J U: $= *MO ;$d < R#> *J RMD >% R%=
.(103 :1390 #$) R#*J RJ K# *!# "# R= > *o : <#>\*W _>O ;>Q
<#*/ ,#>% R># * n; o# :>O < R># TC' -7C#
, :H c ,C# */ R# # <D 0@ :>O *K
#* U ##> 7:>O <J N#H <# <0+ ARD /RIW
H 7 :>O H ;>Q < RJ >/ *M # < h *T
* ##> 7:>O #I* ;: < *,W o# 22]@~$J l>+ .;
:; *J
\0 RJ p <J 7 nRJ *0 *MX # ##> 7:>O
,*/ ;#># @ >>% < H <J 'c n; #>M= R= ;@# - <#* : <J -0 < 7>0 l 109
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
7 c $# 'o< <J L Z *! @D < n;
>W# ]C#<) >= C #c m>% *MX * ; *O #$+
.(117 :1391
23
* .J ## R# ;$ RC %* !# * ;@# <@'
YJ «<%H» _>O <JZ n;*/ R# :>O <## *0
*@0 I* Rd K= -A>$0 A lB%* - 3#b8 U"=
M' H /R *: <J >$D ;=RW <%H ;\'
* < .; *J
n; *T <## ,#>% < ]$ >/ <%>H *! # < *:
<J 7<=* R"J ,'Z< <M' H Rd $S >T< M<# ## <=* H <JZ n*/ C# < *! R% Rd o# R
R#*J ;#% :H < <\* #H R% <J ; < ,C# AMJ
.(223 -222 :1385 'H :w.)
#* *O% 7$# o# ;=>#* * < ;
=
:>O !:* ,C# A <0+ #IRW Rd ;K= I* V:*
_R># _RCD< .; -!:* ;>: P >D< -# < @D j+ >@# RJ C 7>% >Q * j+ 7*! <0+ $#) < = pd\ <J $= />%* ;K= #"# *
:* *W ?['# jc R= k*= >/ Y*M U oH* V+ /*Q ? <J @=
;
J <J R R#>% <:= @ $# R0 RW .>
:R#RH J U: #% = ;\/ * .;=R# ?= "'
.(23 :1390 #$) ;#* ;B
;*/ W R\ U Y*M U V+ RW $# :R0
@ H .R!+ U: R>% <$: d * *Z *J *K <
<$: n$# l*c H o/*: RW <J > *J *K 7<=R# * <
c !"$: 7:\ K :R0 A < ,*c R#
24 _$= / 6 A
110
<J 7*W 7+< <J ; ]' < < RW RR= dBD > <\/ <
.(+$:) > RH # < > *X %0\O' R#> RD <$:
:/ <Z &*» :R# 7oZ * o+ # 7* I* 0+ < <
w#*O% 7:U$ *RC ;$Jc .(13 $:) «.<*# % :<t : !*J
7:!:W <Z * : 7# <#>\*W #>Z #H (V+ N ) *
A0 %> .RJ */ (9 $:) %> #% <Z (7 $:) >$D
]$D : ? M+ 7>O ;: >t$: <J ; ##> 24«:»
R#> *J ,' ,W A MZ ,:<t » <J ,>% * <\=H #% , R < (11 $:) «R#> <
*/ #J >K# FOd 7* < ;* < *J >M <JZ n; (<#>\*W A0) < > *X
* <J ; 7>O R# ; .R ; < U+ l*
,>% ;$Jc *O #"#< :G ;#>K jW 7>O 7HA>G
K 7$#) G < $ :*$: >D< R#> ,J* c #
.(178 :1391 >W#) RJ GH J*" /R# R#*@ (
\ $\/ ;%= UM "C# K » <J N#H *! 7> * 7L >$: : 7>O 7L Y (40 :1391 >J) «RJ
* RK < ** * R># S*D *K F@< <J 7
7:;
= R=c? F+> >% <J R#"J R=7R0? 7><
:;
= oHRRM 7:qQ pI>$0 <J ; * RDd * n; R=
7R0@ R=<oN *Md ,RW F+> kS @G .R#>= *7R0?
Z >Mu >/ < ;
= <J (42 $:) >= R 7# F*G
.; #*Md
25
;=>#* < <#>/,W *D `*D o# < ;
= ?^* W
* 7<#"# < RW * <JZ n; c? 0+ * #
0+ #* c A #"# < "J>% <#I* ; BJ
0+ OQ# *O% ,W R># >/ .; *0 _ I*
111
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
a>Cc ;D wW ; < ;"/ H 7*/>+ K: I*
.R# #H >W , < <+> #
&C (= 3O $ ZJM) 3
.4
>!'MJ `/ F/ YJ J >: >*W . AJ
7:>H >D F@< <J RJ # 7R 7:K: >D<
:# %= ]Q 7: *RHJ *YE+ K "J
>*W *K 7@ <J N#H .; D$+ * !:* 7:< *"
FJ * -;:>O $: 7* <J -«*Md *\» 7* >!' S*D
! "# $ *EW#K# @ ; ## ;>: ;*
m
= < ;
= C .; >%* «*Md *\» % <J
&>0 #/ >!'MJ 7:<*d /R# q@* #>*W
<#* */+ UJc *!"*H */># P=D */>+;+ c >N!+ U
*\ * #>
$: #>!$: R#> >%< (4 :1391 J >*W) ?C' K=H I* RS 7>O 7*W;
= k># *Md
<J R: # 7:% :;
=» $: :>!'MJ *!# .RJ
*O = URd
7:V:* 7:>!'MJ :,C# :]@$
;0d> V:* * = *: q@* 7>!'MJ <Z*/ .(27 $:) «.R#R=
/R# 7:<>% :H ; >% 7* >% *v+
.(+$:) RJ $# o# m
=
<J ; 7*% /R# ; ! "# $ 26o!#Uc* *T
*&# 7:>!' C <0'O .; Ud ,* <>%# >c V+
n>= K=H >%< «U» 7>!'MJ < ;
= Ko#
;
= # -c 7:/[ K \/ :,J <" 7:o/ *
«U» 7>!'MJ 7:/[ *<+* .;:>!'MJ *! *" <
:; > 24 _$= / 6 A
112
7:7$ *!$ m
= w\ d # 7:0S A!Z FG .; */ #$+
.>= *T 7:'RD = 7:0S #*d &N#* 7:# ?"% 7: ]= FG U 7>!'MJ *X# > * .; R\ UM@ ? 7:K Q# RK*
.R# :H K# 7MW < 7# R= R /R# \ PCc ;' k$+ >#% l*T &I 7:/R #@"W >@$J FG .; <+>
:H RH RRW FG >% <J >= < :7>= M< U .R# '%
>= */ *! < 7$D #$/R */*RC FG U «RJ J $: <$:» ]| :<$+ C "% 7:
.(49 -44 :1391 J >*W) RJ <+> ... «> *C» «> ,Cc»
7<C@T Uu 'RD VZ ; «U» 7>!'MJ 7>$# <J <
< .R *RC */ >% ; <% ,|c 27(%>) <0+ *
N >J >$: (190 :1390 #$) ; $/R +<$: oZ<$:
7 #$/R ]' $: < n>= c @ ,H # %>
-107 $:) RJ 7 () * < 7~ ; o 7* <#>/*:
,>% &>= ;=>#* F@ ... c RW c * $: * n(109
$:) Y>+ : >N"# J c kS : 7* .RW
@QU: .(90 $:) >= */*RC R=< kS .>= *$: (89
`*0 $= >+> l*T / R FH V+ */ <J ##
h *T% (103 $:) R#<*/ *d @D c " $+ N
.RJ 7H ,* <=E/
@ :}# : 7* ,=>J U 7>!'MJ ;@| 7:/[ «<#*» / «>N!+» «c» ]| :>!'MJ < / <J ; BK"
113
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
#># * * <Z H \ <+ n(45 :1391 J >*W) RJ AR
<+ n>= AR «*/>#» < H =# c AB% BK" ]c
:1390 #$) %> ]d < U$ .; K=H < ;
= >%<
<J *! >% $+ \TD ;#>"% (87 -86 $:) H J# (73
7>!'MJ < «U» 7>!'MJ ]R@ 7:<#"# !$: RN# "J>% <
_*X*G F*
AB% ## D># «*/>#» * n; &J# «*/>#»
.(84 :1391 J >*W) ; *$: U 7>!'MJ ]>D =#
c*O ;$d» RJ ,=>J <J ; 0d> &J# «*/>#» 7>!'MJ
=>* (85 $:) «RJ * H >$# w* K# >% /R#
A0 ;"/ 7R# ;K= nRH* ,>% 7 W <=E/ *T%
>% < R# FH &+*# }# < ->#% 7:;$c >+ -c
:R= Z ;@dD < < &N#* <JZ n(88 $:) >= *N 7*!
*% &H» :>= ,:>J %> 7R
«.U:*o:= » :R# a> = «.Y*%<#% &H %0\O'
.R= U: %> RW 7R %*MZ> v
!;# W <J N {J J <Z ]W 7 U#% :
.RJ *W ,: &$ 7<* R$Z *>
{J J<Z 7 U#%
...7:
...7>:
.(203 :1390 #$) ...:
$c .5
_R=*0 @ <## "#>% 7>O ! "# $ >/#>/ 7:<#"# >+ .; #* 0+ * # D$+ -!:*
F < ;=E/* * :,J :;
= >D 24 _$= / 6 A
114
nR: "# <#>\*W ##> _>O 7:>O * R#>W
0 7:<I "/ : <#>\*W _>O 7*\ O <Z*/
7>Q ,C# « /* C *!# 7» 0 $#
,=>J J % c ;%l^ >O Y .
U Y*M U R#) #* 7:>O #IRW R# < `*D 7*
!# 7* R># ;$: >$# !$: (... <> R\
I* 0+ # <;@# U 0@ !% H <J ; <##
.; R= <# 7>O 7:
<0+ # %* 7* V+ \ 7:RW < = #$ jC
*O% *G d*= 7:>O < 7C# -S*D =*!# $S ; R=>J
BD # /R*H " ,C# */ R# A@d I* 0+ #*
7># *O% o# * <K # M<# **# *+ < .RJ
< :>% * J# %> 7o# M) .R#=W*
;
= >!'MJ ]Q (.;D * >/ ... < "J>% RW *
7:>!'MJ ]Q 7CT> -I* h _RU # $# -<
< # `*D ,$# 7* R># ,=>J >/ o# J >*W #/
m% >T< *0 _ &D >T< D$+ /R# h 7IRW @G
/ U :;*Q * * <J ; «U» 7>!'MJ 7$# < .;
%> %* c RW ) * < ,>% _RDd 7:$D c
;\D U*c ;K= 7 }# R# #>/#>/ F & (<0+ * *! ]>D <C Z ; R= */ * K=$W *T <#>\*W lB%* - ,>% 7 #># nR F
7*/>#» < ->= < , c *T ;"/ D <J #>
.R# <0+ * /R# >% \# o+ 7Z <J RJ AR «&J#
#Z)C
1. Kate Green
2. Fredric Jameson
115
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
3. Gerard Genette
4. Carol Pearson & Hugh K. Marr
5. D'Aulnoy
6. Jacques Lacan
7. Julia Kristeva
8. Helene Cixous
9. metatextualité
10. transtextualité
11. intertextualité
12. paratextualité
13. architectualité
14. hypertextualité
15. Hades
16. Zeus
17. Poseidon
18. Demeter
19. Da
20. Ge
21. Persephone
22. Josephe Campbell
23. Nancy K. Miller
7*/ < F ; Y> o# K /* < : * <J <#>/$: .24
YH *Od * , #= <» : #>/ABM ;D* GH V+ 7:RW <\/ <J 7*% .RtW * V# 7:<'>' [G .*J ,W 7o .R"J J w*Z
R"J !:W #$ > < < 7 .*J ,: < RRH >% : < >
_>O ;*u "# !$: %> &>= <#% 7*/ (7 :1390 #$) «[...] R=
.; I* 0+ < R># 7C# !# U* 7* :
25. apocalyptic
>% <J R >c & ;
= */ R* ># *X# * .26
*T *#H >= *+ H <>%# R= <=R# "C# : :H H >+<
*D; 7* pI>$0 # Z ;
= .U#>% (pathetic plot) o!#Uc*
.(80 :1371 >%) ;
>/ ... «!*MZ>» «!*» «!0\O'» «!>» R># #* _\ .27
.; I* 7L 7C' 7* 7R$D ,=>J
d
.oJ* *"# :*M .2 .>N#o &W $+* .Z .(1385) &:*/ 'H i
24 _$= / 6 A
116
.* *"# :M\ .& / & .(1371) R$c >% i
.*Od *"# :*M . 3#$%& / .(1390) UC'> >W]D$ i
.2 .:=*% * BM= $+* .e U& T# .(1387) ]^ ;$ i
.*0 V:* :*M
.«/*$' 7>O ; ]Q» .(1388) *! R0 'R!o i
.38 -9 .25 . 3#A#BC (J
.oJ* *"# :*M .2 .>N#o &W $+* .& I IX .(1386) ]K W i
.*T :*M .%* B+ $+* . U& Z!) .(1380) + ; W i
.6 .7*# J $+* . `/ F/ .(1391) J >: . AJ >*W i
./R# V:* :*M
:*M .B Q $+* .VW &)$Wf (= .(1385) >+ o i
.$D
>/>W R* $+* .«*W 7:<d 7:!%» .(1387) ?+ j~ i
L* $+* ,o/ .w>J *X# RC# 7:*K :NF 3#!
.#>+># J>J 7*K *W >#J :*M .;#: *W RC .[#*%
.259 -222
.3 .*@
@D $+* .VW (= 3%# .(1384) >R *W R i
.># *T :*M
.<$"Z *"# :*M .3 . ! "# $ .(1390) jC #$ i
&>D !":[W :*M .L $ &).G& .(1391) U* >W# i
.!:* 0'O ##
. #BC (c .«{U:> ;0d n<## =># » .(1388) Rd 7*:T i
.107 -87 .4
< <#RW ># ,*/ ]I» .(1391) 7@d 0c DR Ud i
.61 -33 .21 .#BC> (c .«*T 7c
XH `NF «H R0 */%W :h 7R$» .(1388) j#: *J i
.443 -430 .*%7> :*M .7R$Q $+* .Z
.oJ* *"# :*M .5 .*@
@D $+* ..G& X, .(1388) l>+ ]@$J i
*dR$Q N/ #* $+* . & 0 / .(1391) . >J i
.,# R#H :*M .>W]D$
117
... >!'MJ * ]Q
24 _$= /6 A
:*M .$+* */ . $= (& .(1383) M@' ]+ ;J */ i
.!#
$+* .Z XH `NF «$ =; 7><» .(1388) > *' i
.312 -307 .*%7> :*M .7R$Q
$+* . 3#$= «{R R= G :RW » .(1386) + j i
.238 -201 .*># :*M .RW c
.7>@# R$Q *+M *M $+* .VW 3#$= (D .(1385) #* ?K i
.</H :*M .2
*"# :*M .7R+MZ _ .2 . 8& \& V .(1386) c RD* i
.<$"Z
.
:*M .# #$= :Z 3 .(1390) $M PO># i
e- (D#BC .«: *! ? q 0'O ;*» .(1386) iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i
.98 -83 .56 .8
- Allen, G. (2005). Intertextuallity. P. Yazdanjou (Trans.) Tehran:
Publication Markaz. [In Persian]
- Bozorg Bigdeli, S. (2009). "Inter-textual Analysis of Mythological
Narration in Salmargi". Journal of Literary Research. Yr. 6. No. 25. Pp.
9- 38. [In Persian]
- Campbell, G. (2009). The Power of Myth. 5th Ed. Tehran: Publication
Markaz. [In Persian]
- Esma’ilpour, A. (2011). Under the Domes of Light. Tehran: Publication
Qatre. [In Persian]
- Genette, G. (1997). Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree. Channa
Newman & Claude Doubinsky (Trans.). Lincoln and London: University
of Nebraska Press.
- Ghasemzade, S.A. & H.A. Ghobadi (2011). "Postmodern Novelists and
Their Interests in Restoring Mythology". A Quarterly Journal of Persian
Language and Literature. No. 21. Pp. 33- 62. [In Persian]
- Green, K. & J. Lebihan (2000). Litrary Theory, A Guid for the Perplexed.
Group Translators. Tehran: Roznegar. [In Persian]
- Kelner, H. (2009). "Taking Narrative History (History and Theory)" in The
Narrative Reader by Martin McQuillan. Tehran: Minou-ye-kherad. Pp.
430- 443. [In Persian]
- kort, W. (2012). Place and Space in Modern Fiction. F. Ganji & M.
Esma’ilpour (Trans.). 5th Ed. Tehran: Avande Danesh. [In Persian]
- Lanasr, S. (2009). "Towards a Feminist Narrative Studies" in The
Narrative Reader by Martin McQuillan. Tehran: Mino-ye-kherad. Pp.
307- 312. [In Persian]
- Makaryk, I.R. (2005). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory. M.
Mohajer & M. Nabavi (Trans.). 2nd Ed. Tehran: Aghah. [In Persian]
24 _$= / 6 A
118
- Matz, J. (2007). "Postmodern Novel: Enriching the Modern Novel?" in
Novel Theories. H. Payande (Trans.). 5th Ed. Tehran: Niloufar. Pp. 201238. [In Persian]
- Mir ’Abedin, H. (2007). A Hundred Years of Iranian Story. 4th Ed. Tehran:
Publication Cheshme. [In Persian]
- Namvar Motlagh, B. (2006). "Transtextual Study". Human Sciences. No.
56. Pp. 127- 142. [In Persian]
- iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii (2011). An Introduction to Intertextuality. Tehran: Sokhan.
[In Persian]
- Okhovvat, A. (1992). Potics of Prose. Esfehan: Publication Farda. [In
Persian]
- Pearson, C. & Hugh K. Marr (2012). What Story Are You Living?: A
Workbook and Guide to Interpreting Results from the Pearson-Marr
Archetype Indicator. K. Nayyeri (Trans.). Tehran: Culture of Life
Foundation. [In Persian]
- Philips, P. (2005). Genette and Eco on Itertextuality. Semeia.
- Pinsent, J. (2001). Greek Mythology. B. farrokhi (Trans.). Tehran: Ostoure.
[In Persian]
- Piyen, M. (2007). Barhtes, Foucault, Althusser. P. yazdanjou (Trans.).
Tehran: Publication Markaz. [In Persian]
- Ritzer, G. (2006). Contemporary Sociological Theory. M. Salasi (Trans.).
Tehran: ’Elmi. [In Persian]
- Sane’pour, M. (2012). Greek Mythology and Western Modernity. Tehran:
Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. [In Persian]
- Schmidt, J. (2008). Dictionnaire de la Mythologie Grecque et Romaine.
Sh. Baradaran Khosrowshahi (Trans.). Tehran: Publications in
Contemporary Culture. [In Persian]
- Selden, R. & P. Widdowson (2005). A Reader's Guide to Contemporary
Library Theory. A. Mokhber (Trans.). 3th Ed. Tehran: Tarh-e-Now. [In
Persian]
- Smith, D.E. (1988). "Femininity as Discourse" in Leslie G. Roman, Linda
K. Christian-Smith & Elizabeth Ellsworth Becoming Feminie. The
Politics of Popular Culture. London: Falmer Press. Pp. 37- 59.
- Soleymani, B. (2011). Welcome to Hades. 3th Ed. Tehran: Publication
Cheshme. [In Persian]
- Taheri, Gh. (2009). "Feminine Language and Writing; Reality or
Illusion?". Journal's Literary Studies. No. 4. Pp. 87- 107. [In Persian]
- Zipes, J. (2009). "The Origins of the Fairytale" in F. Pourgiv (Trans.). The
Centre of Children's Literature: Gerats of Children's Theory and
Criticis. M. Khosrownejad. P. Hunt (Introduction). Tehran: Intellectual
Development of Children and Adolescents. Pp. 222- 259. [In Persian]

Download Report