ਛ ফ২ધఐَ৾ॢটشংঝ &2( উটॢছُଢ଼ುਡਛાଓஃস قপ৾ ਃঢ়ಀ ುਡಀ 'ٕك ౘૣবૻຎଢ଼ਾઔછ $ FURVVQDWLRQDO VWXG\ RQ KDSSLQHVV ੱऋણऌॊઇभञीभবುਡ 5HYLWDOL]LQJ (GXFDWLRQ IRU '\QDPLF +HDUWV DQG 0LQGV ফ া 0DUFK ৯ मगीप ઃ ؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞ ؝ڭౘૣभবૻຎଢ଼ ؟ढ़বभॹقॱشੜে؞ပৄේ؞0RLVHV .LUN GH &DUYDOKR )LOKR؞ଶম؞ઢিਮে؞൝အ؞পຶ๒&؞DUO %HFNHU؞ি'؞DYLG 'DOVN\؞5XSUHFKW 0DWWLJ؞ᨒ੩໘؞৵ਣඤઃ؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞ ك ؝ڮমୁ৹ਪ؟যে௴ਔ৹ਪ ؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞ ؝گஶୁ৹ਪ؟6XUYH\ RQ SHUVRQDO YLHZV RI OLIH ڰ ؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞ ؝ڰ୦ऋয॑ౘૣपख୦ऋয॑ਂౘपघॊऊ ٕবૻຎ৹ਪभঽ੶ীෲٕقপຶ๒؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞ ك (؝ڱFRQRPLFV SV\FKRORJ\ DQG KDSSLQHVV 0DVXR .R\DVX ؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞؞ ⎀ڰعڭ؝ڭमजभऋِੱ৶৾௬ّ قফ াكपൕൗ؛ ⎀ڱ؝ڮमِপ৾প৾ઇ৾ଢ଼ఐਏّ قফ াكൕൗધभૅਫ؛ मगीप ॢটشংঝ &2(َੱऋણऌॊઇभञीभবುਡُ قುਡಀ 'ٕكमؚ প৾भੱ৶৾उेलઇ৾भଢ଼ऋથਃप৴खऩऋैؚবपણඩघॊથ ನऩয౫ਛभञीभುਡ॑ਛघॊऒध॑৯धखथؚਛ ফ২ऊै ফ২ ऽदभڱফपॎञढथઇ؞ଢ଼ણ॑ன৫खथऌञ؛৬पमੱَؚऋણऌॊ ઇُधमनभेअऩुभऊ॑ੰखؚजो॑नभेअप৶ੰखँؚॊःमৰᄷखथ ःऎऊपणःथؚઇ৾ଢ଼ఐقઇఐ৾௧వؚಏ෫ઇ৾௧వؚكৈಉઇଢ଼৫ ਤ७থॱقشਸ਼ؚكધ৾ଢ଼ఐقষધ৲৾௧వك ؚয؞୭৾ଢ଼ఐુق েয৾௧వؚكऒऒौभਟଢ଼७থॱؚشশథଢ଼ਚؚেଢ଼७থॱش पਚരघॊੱ৶৾उेलઇ৾भଢ଼ऋਸखथଢ଼ುਡ॑ਛखؚುਡজشॲش ऋ৸৬॑ଁฐखऩऋैؚ$َੱऋણऌॊُधमनअःअऒधऊؚಗपَੱऋણऌथ ःऩःُ૾ଙधमनभेअऩुभऊ॑ଢ଼घॊ੦ຊૌஙؚ%َੱऋણऌॊُञीप ਏऩ২ਝੑधؚजो॑ভपହखৰपઈ৷घॊலੌापणःथଢ଼घॊ३५ ॸੱَ&ؚऋણऌॊُञीपથऩੱ৶१এृॺشઇऊऊॎॉभँॉ্प णःथଢ଼ऩैलपৰᄷ॑ষअ१এ 'ؚॺشਰभঘॽॵॺऋ੧घॊ৶؞ৰ ᄷَ॑ੱऋણऌॊُधःअ௴ਡऊै௬खؚৎपবુଢ଼धखथَౘૣभব ૻຎଢ଼ُ॑ৰघॊ৫௬ؚधःअڰणभଢ଼ঘॽॵॺ॑ਛखؚৈ২ऩ भঘॽشॡऩଢ଼॑ਤीथऌञ؛ 1 মਾઔછमؚऒभরभَౘૣभবૻຎଢ଼ُभਛટ॑ਾઔघॊुभदँॊ؛ মؚপড়বؚরযড়ુਮবؚવ॔ইজढ़ુਮবؚड़ش५ॺছজ॔৴ഺؚ ॽগش४شছথॻؚढ़ॼॲؚ॔ওজढ़়ಃবؚஶবॢقঞॺشঈজॸথलਨ॔ॖঝ ছথॻ৴়বॻؚكॖॶ৴ഺુਮবؚ५ঌॖথؚওय़३॥়ಃবؚঈছ४ঝ৴ഺુ ਮবभ ढ़ব॑ৌपؚমୁؚবୁؚরবୁؚஶୁॻؚॖॶୁؚ५ঌॖথୁقম বගؚরવ৪ගؚكএঝॺफ़ঝୁभୁڳपेॉَౘૣभবૻຎ৹ਪُ॑ॖথ ॱॺॵॿش৹ਪधखथৰखؚजभથ௦ਯम যपभऻढञ؛ ॹॱشীෲभਏऩટमমਾઔછपઽஈखञऋؚীෲृਫ਼ୈ॑खऎखञधम इऩः؛जऒदؚ০ऒभਉৱમ॑ॹش॔ॱشढ़ॖঈ৲खथؚীෲपघॊञीपઁ ऎಹपਁ৫घॊदँॊ؛औऽकऽऩৃએदমછधমॹॱشऋણ৷औोॊऒध॑ ൢअुभदँॊ؛ মଢ଼॑ਤीॊಥর৽ૌपउःथؚ॔ওজढ़؞দ॓ش४ॽ॔প৾भপલ෬๒ၳઇ౸ؚ ढ़ॼॲ॔؞ঝংॱشপ৾भੜিၳઇ౸पमॱشॹؚਫ਼ୈভपउःथ੦৹॑ষ ढथःञटऌؚমଢ଼पৌखथऩ॥ওথॺ॑ठॆअटःखञ؛ऒऒपௐऎ౪॑ ணखऑञः؛ऽञॱشॹؚઽૐपखथ⌆ؚॡট५؞ঐॸॣشॕথॢभੈৡ॑੭ञ ऒधपुපਔ॑खञः؛ ফ া ುਡজ؞شॲش ੜে 2 َౘૣभবૻຎ৹ਪُଢ଼ॳش ੜেقઇ৾ଢ଼ఐ؞ઇ౸؟كುਡজشॲش ပৄ ේقઇ৾ଢ଼ఐ؞ઇ౸ك ൝အقઇ৾ଢ଼ఐ؞ઇ౸ك পຶ๒قઇ৾ଢ଼ఐ؞ၳઇ౸ك 0RLVHV .LUN GH &DUYDOKR )LOKRق੪ઇ৾ଢ଼ఐஃઇؠਠਗবୁপ৾ၳઇ౸ك ઢিਮেقધ৾ଢ଼ఐ؞ઇ౸ك &DUO %UDGOH\ %HFNHUقऒऒौभਟଢ଼७থॱ؞شઇ౸ك িقऒऒौभਟଢ଼७থॱ؞شၳઇ౸ك 'DYLG -HURPH 'DOVN\قৈಉઇଢ଼৫ਤ७থॱ؞شၳઇ౸ك ᨒ੩໘ق੪ॢটشংঝ &2( ஃઇؠਠઁਣপ৾ၳઇ౸ك 5XSUHFKW 0DWWLJॢقটشংঝ &2( ஃઇك ৵ਣඤઃق੪ॢটشংঝ &2( ஃઇؠਠཱྀவୢఐপ৾ၳઇ౸ك ॹॱشীෲੈৡ ଶমقઇ৾ଢ଼ఐ؞ଢ଼ఊ৩ك پਚര؞మम ফ াৎਡ 3 ᖾ⚟ឤ΅ᅜၯẚు◊"℆៍៏ ᅜ΅⁅⁺‽ូ ᏊᏳቑ⏕⁹1 ᴋ॒Ꮥ⁹2Moises Kirk de Carvalho Filho⁹1 ᶫᮏிᏊ⁹3 ⏣ܘ⏕⁹1 ๕ᮌᬗ Ꮚ⁹1 ᒣὈᏹ⁹4Carl Becker⁹4 ෆ⏣⏤džᏊ⁹5David Dalsky⁹6Ruprecht Mattig⁹7 Ḉซ ⁹8 ᑠᓥၟḟ 1 1 ிᏛᏛ၄ᩍϡᏛ◊"⛉ᾨ2 ிእᅜਂᏛእᅜਂᏛൺᾨ3 ிᏛᏛ၄ᩥᏛ ◊"⛉ᾨ4 ிᏛΐΐ΅ᮍ᮶◊"‹ⁱ‽⁺ᾨ5 ிᏛ¬ᩍϡ◊"࿔Ⓨ᥎‹ⁱ‽⁺ᾨ ிᏛ⁺⁎ COEᾨ7 ᗈᓥᏛᩍϡ࿔Ⓨᅜၯ༠ຊ◊"‹ⁱ‽⁺ᾨ8 ་⛉Ꮫ ་Ꮫൺ 6 ၥ ᆏ ࠕᖾ⚟ࠖࡣࠊಶேࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ♫ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊேᆞࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ"ᴟࡢങᡂ┠ᶆ ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟ࡣఱࠖࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟ࡣ࠺ࡍࢀࡤങᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟࡞ேࡣࠖ࠸ࡗࡓၥ࠸µ࠼ࡿࡇࡣࠊỴࡋ࡚ᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ ࡢ స ᐙ ࡛ ࣀ ࣮ ࣋ ࣝ ᩥ Ꮫ ཷ ͵ ࡢ ࣔ ࣮ ࣜ ࢫ ࣭ ࣓ ࣮ ࢸ ࣝ ࣜ ࣥ ࢡ (Maurice Maeterlinck, 1862-1949) ࡣࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟ࡣࠊఏಶ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᤕࡲ࠼ࡼ࠺ᛮࡗ࡚ࡶ ࡍࡄࡆ࡚ࢌࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࠊ᭷ྡ࡞ᡙ᭤ࠗყ࠸Ꮽ (L'Oiseau bleu)࠘࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐯৠࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓࠋ ࡽ࠼ࡇࢁࡢ࡞࠸ࠕᖾ⚟ࠖࡀࠊᏛ◊"ࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊṇჳࡽ᳨খࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊẚుⓗ᭱ಶࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠶ࡿ◊"ࢸ࣮࣐ࡀᏛ ◊"ࡢᑐࡋ࡚බⓗ৶ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢ᭷ຊ࡞হᣐࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊࡑࡢ◊"ࢸ࣮࣐ ࢆ୰ᚰⓗྲྀࡾᢅ࠺Ꮫᑓ࿋৵ࡀหࢌࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖾ⚟◊"ࡢᡂᯝࢆหࢌ ࡍࡿ The Journal of Happiness Studies ࡀ♫Ꮫ͵ Ruut Veenhovenࠊᚰ⌮Ꮫ͵ Ed DienerࠊဴᏛ͵ Alex Michalos ࡢᜡேࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚หࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ 2000 ᖺࡢࡇ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡽࠊࡇࡢព࡛ࡢࠕᖾ⚟ࠖࡢᏛ◊"ࡣࠊࡲࡔ 10 ᖺవࡢṔྐࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ2000 ᖺ௨๓ᖾ⚟ࡢᏛ◊"ࡀࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ ࠼ࡤࠊȂ῭ⓗિࡉᅜẸࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡢẚಀࡣࠊ୍ᅜࡢ୰࡛ࡣᡂࡾWࡗ࡚ࡶᅜၯ ẚు࡛ࡣᡂࡾWࡓ࡞࠸ࡇࠊᅜẸ୍ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢᐩࡀᖺࠎቑ࠼࡚ࢌࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡑࢀẚ ࡋ࡚ᖾ⚟ឤࡀࡲࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡣࠊ᪤ 1974 ᖺබหࡉࢀࡓਭᩥEasterlin, 1974࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪥࡛ࡣࡑࡢྡࡢ͵؝๓ࢆෙࡋ࡚ࠕ࣮ࢫࢱ࣭ࣜࣥࣃࣛࢻࢵ ࢡࢫࠖࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊKahneman, Diener, and Schwarz (1999)ࡢ Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology ࡣ 2000 ᖺ௨๓ࡢᖾ⚟◊"ࡢᡂ ᯝࡢ୍ࡘࡢႏᡂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ2000 ᖺ௨ᚋࠊᵝࠎ࡞ೳᅯᇦ࠾࠸࡚ᖾ⚟◊"ࡀάⓎ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ 4 ࡶ☜࡞ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊഓཤ 5 ᖺࠊဴᏛ2010; Bortolotti, 2009; Bradley, Sissela Bok, 2009ࠊἲᏛBok, 2010ࠊȂ῭ᏛFry, 2008; Graham, 2009; y࣭ ⓑ▼࣭´, 2010ࠊ♫Ꮫᶫ↷ᯞ, 2011ࠊᚰ⌮ᏛDiener & Biswas-Diener, 2008; ▼, 2009࡞ࡢศญ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᖾ⚟◊"ࡍࡿฌो࡞؝సࡀබหࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ؝సࡢ≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊಶูࡢᏛၥᅯᇦࡽࢃࢀࡎࠊᗈࡃᖾ⚟ࡢၥᆏࢆͳᐹ ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࢫࢥ࣮ࣉࡢᗈࡉ࠶ࡿࡳࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊDerek Bok ࡣࠊ ࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࢻᏛࡢᏛ࿇ࢆ 20 ᖺࢃࡓࡗ࡚ົࡵࡓྡ࡞ἲᏛ͵ࡔࡀࠊThe politics of happinessBok, 2010ࡣࠊဴᏛࠊᨻᏛࠊȂ῭Ꮫࠊᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡞ࡢከᵝ࡞५Ⅼࡽࠊ ᖾ ⚟ ◊ " ࡢ ᪂ ࡋ ࠸ ▱ ॒ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ᙼ ࡢ ጔ ࡢ ဴ Ꮫ ͵ Sissela Bok (2010) ࡢ Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to Brain Science ࡶࠊࡑࡢᆏࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ ဴᏛࡽЫ⛉Ꮫࡲ࡛ࡢᗈú࡞ख़Ⅼࡽਭࡌࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᖾ⚟◊"ࡣࠊɢྜᏛࡋ࡚ࡢฌो࡞ࢺࣆࢵࢡ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀࠊᖾ⚟◊"ࡢᇶᮏᴫᛕࡣࠊᐇࡣࡑࡢᐃ̿ࡀ࡞ࡾ᭕࡞ࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿᆓ࣭ᇼẟ࣭ ┦ᕝ࣭Ᏻ࣭ܘy, 2009ࠋՕਂ࡛ࡣ welfareࠊ(subjective) well-beingࠊhappinessࠊ life satisfactionࠊ᪥ᮏਂ࡛ࡣ⚟♴ࠊᖾ⚟ࠊᖾ⚟ឤࠊ‶ឤࠊឤ࡞ࡢؕࡀࠊࡑ ࢀࡒࢀ࡞ࡾධࡾࢀ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ≧ែࡋ࡚ࡢࠕᖾ⚟ࠖࡣࠊᐈ५ⓗওฎྍЏ࡞ࠕᖾ⚟ᗘࠖ welfare, well-being ५ⓗయቲࡉࢀࡿࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖsubjective well-being, happinessูࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᖾ⚟ᗘࡢ௦ࢢⓗᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜၯೳྜ࿔Ⓨও⏬United Nations Development Programme; UNDPࡢே࿔ⓎᣦᩘHuman Development Index; HDIࡀ࠶ࡿ ᅜೳ࿔Ⓨও⏬2011ࠋHDI ࡣࠊձฟ⏕ᖹᆒవࠊղᡂேઁᏐ⋡15 ṓ௨ୖ ึ࣭୰࣭¬ᩍϡɢᑵᏛ⋡ࡢྜᡂኚᩘࠊճାଉຊᖹ౯࡛ওÜࡋࡓ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ GDP US ࢻࣝÜࡢᜡोᅉࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿḟⓗྜᡂኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2010 ᖺࡢ HDI ᣦ ᩘࡢ࣋ࢫࢺࢸࣥࡣࠊ1ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘0.938ࠊ2࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ0.937ࠊ3ࢽࣗ ࣮ࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ0.907ࠊ4࣓ࣜ࢝0.902ࠊ5ࣝࣛࣥࢻ0.895ࠊ6ࣜࣄ ࢸࣥࢩࣗࢱࣥ0.891ࠊ7࢜ࣛࣥࢲ0.890ࠊ8࢝ࢼࢲ0.888ࠊ9ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ ࢹࣥ0.885ࠊ10ࢻࢶ0.885࡛࠶ࡾࠊॉḢࠊ࢜ࢭࢽࠊůࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ ᅜࠎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡣࡑࢀḟࡄ 11 0.884࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ༑ศ࠸ᩘ್࣭ᅠ ࡛࠶ࡿཷࡅṆࡵࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊၥᆏࡣ࠸ᖾ⚟ᗘࡀ࠸ᖾ⚟ឤࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠺࠸࠺Ⅼ࠶ࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳࠊᅁᅜ0.877ࡶಶᖺᛴ೯ᅠࢆୖࡆ࡚ࡁ࡚ ࠾ࡾࠊ13. ࢫࢫ0.874 14. ࣇࣛࣥࢫ0.872ࢆᢤ࠸࡚ࠊ12 ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᪉ࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡢᣦᶆࡋ࡚ࠊDiener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985) ࡢே⏕ ‶ឤlife satisfaction, satisfaction with lifeࡢ ᐃᑻᗘᜣᅟ┠ࡣࠊࡇࡢศญࡢᐃ ␒ࡶ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏ◊"࡛ࡶࡇࡢᑻᗘࢆẚుᇶ‽ࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡀࠊே⏕‶ឤࡣ ᖾ⚟ឤࡢ୍ൺࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ୧͵ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠ୍࡛ࡣ࡞࠸▼, 2009ࠋᮏ◊"࡛ࡣࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡢᣦᶆࡘ࠸࡚ᨵࡵ᳨࡚খࡋࠊᑻᗘࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡶࠊ ࡑࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 13 ࢝ᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡚ᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚుࢆࢌ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 5 ᮏ◊"ࡢ┠ᶆ ᮏ◊"ࡣࠊᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᗘᝬ23 ᖺᗘᐇࡉࢀࡓிᏛேᩥ⛉ᏛDŽࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ COE ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕᚰࡀάࡁࡿᩍϡࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜၯⓗᣐⅬࠖ ᣐⅬ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ᜨᏊᏳቑ⏕ࠊՕᩥྡ ⛠ᜨRevitalizing Education for Dynamic Hearts and Mindsࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀᖾ⚟ឤࡢ ᅜၯẚు◊"ࢳ࣮࣒ࢆᵓᡂࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࠊᅁẸᅜࠊ୰שேẸඹᅜࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ඹᅜࠊ ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜೳൕࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜࢇᅜࠊՕᅜࢢ࣮ࣞࢺ ࣈࣜࢸࣥཬࡧࣝࣛࣥࢻೳྜ⋤ᅜࠊࢻࢶೳൕඹᅜࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥྜࢇ ᅜࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝೳൕඹᅜࡢ 13 ࢝ᅜࢆᑐࠊ᪥ᮏਂࠊᅁᅜਂࠊ୰ᅜਂࠊՕਂࠊࢻࢶ ਂࠊࢫ࣌ࣥਂᮏᅜ∧ࠊ୰༡ů∧ࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝਂࡢᜥਂࡼࡾࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚ ుਚᰝࠖࢆᐇࡋࠊᬑഒⓗ࡞ᖾ⚟ឤᩥᅛ᭷ࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡢಀࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋਚᰝࡣࠊ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࠊᖾ⚟ឤ¬ࡢೳᛶࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᑻ ᗘᵓᡂࢆࢌ࠸ࠊᵓ᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢࡼࡿศᯒࢆࢌ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣࠊᅗᜟࡢᴫᛕᅗ♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࠕᚰࡀάࡁࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ௨ୗ♧ ࡍ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࡢᜡస࡛ࡽ࠼ࠊࡑࡢྜຊࡋ࡚ࡢᖾ⚟ឤࢆͳ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᭷Џឤᜨேࡣࠊᵝࡊࡲ࡞άືࢆ೫ࡌ࡚ࠊ▱ઁᢏЏࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ▱ઁࡣࠕ▱ ࡿࠖࡇࡸࠕศࡿࠖࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᢏЏࡣືస࡞ࡀࠕ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡇࡸഘල࡞ࡀ ࠕ࠼ࡿࠖࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋேࡣᵝࡊࡲ࡞▱ઁࡸᢏЏࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡼࡗ࡚ࠊҜศҜఏࡀ ఱࢆ࡞ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ᭷Џឤࠖࢆᚓࡿࠋ▱ЏࡸᏛຊ࡞Ҝᕫࡢࢥࣥࣆࢸ ࣥࢫࡢពઁࡣࠊຠຊឤࠊඃ୪ឤࠊțไឤࠊ‶ឤࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣҜᑛᚰself-esteem ࠸ࡗࡓᚰ⌮ⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᡂ⏣࣭ୗ௰࣭୰ซ࣭Ἑྜ࣭బ࣭ܘ࿇⏣, 1995; Rosenberg, 1965; White, 1959ࠋᑐࠊࠕ▱ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠊࠕศࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠊࠕ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࠊ ࠕ࠼࡞࠸ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡇࡣࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤ↓Џឤࠊຎ¬ឤࠊ‶ឤࠊᢡឤ࠸ࡗࡓឤ ࢆᘬࡁୣࡇࡋࡸࡍ࠸Coplan, Findlay, & Nelson, 2004)ࠋ ⏕ឤᜨேࡣࠊ୍ேࡢಶேࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᐙ᪘ࠊ♫ࠊҜ↛ࠊ࠶ࡿ ࠸ࡣᏱᐂ࡞ࠕࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠖࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢୡ⏺⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ឤड़ࢆᣢࡘ ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤड़ࡣࠊ०ືᶵࠊಀᛶࠊ♫ᛶࠊҜ↛५ࠊᏱᐂ५࡞ ࢃࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࢀࢆɢ⛠ࡋ࡚ࠕ⏕ឤࠖࡪࡇࡍࡿࠋMaslow (1954) ࡢ ḧồၥᒙ࡛ࡣࠊձ⏕⌮ⓗḧồphysiological needࠊղᏳࡢḧồsafety needࠊ ճᡤᒓឡlove and belongingࠊմᢎ৶esteemࠊյҜᕫᐇ⌧self actualization ࡢᜣẁၥࡀ༊ูࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ⏕ឤࡣࠕᡤᒓឡࡢḧồࠖཬࡧࠕᢎ৶ࠖࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࠊࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࠕࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠖࡀឤࡌࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࢆᏙ⊂ឤࡸᏙWឤ࠸࠺ࠋ ࢇ ࡇ ࡃ ྂ᮶ࠕᎯᐻᏙ⊂ࠖ࠸࠺ؕࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ₎Ꮠࡣࠕጔࢆኻࡗࡓ⏨ࠖࠊ ࠕኵࢆኻࡗ ࡓዪࠖࠊࠕࡳ࡞ࡋࡈࠖࠊࠕͱ࠸࡚Ꮚࡢ࡞࠸͵ࠖࢆࢢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠗᗈԼ࠘ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢؕ ࡣࠊࠕࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠖࡢᇶᮏᙧࡀᐙ᪘ಀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ♫ࠊҜ ↛ࠊᏱᐂ࡞ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡶᣑࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ങᡂឤᜨேࡀ୍ᐃࡢ┠ᶆྥࡅ࡚ඹྠసᴗ࡞ࢆࢌ࠺ࡁࠊ┠ᶆྥ࠺ດຊࢆ ࡳฌࡡࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ᭷Џឤࠖࠕ⏕ឤࠖ࠸࠺ᜠࡘࡢឤड़ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏࠊࡑࡢ 6 ࢌࡁ╔ࡃඛࠊఱࡈࢆ࡞ࡋ࠼ࡓࠕങᡂឤࠖ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࢆᚓࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ ࠺ࠊങᡂឤࡣࠊయቲࡢˎࡾಹࡋࠊ࡞ࡽࡧࡑࢀక࠺ࡢोᅉࡀධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ Maslow (1954) ࡢḧồၥᒙ࡛ࡣࠊҜᕫᐇ⌧ࡢẁၥᑐᛂࡍࡿͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᑐࠊ ከࡃࡢດຊฎࢆᢞධࡋࡓࡶࢃࡽࡎങᡂឤࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣࠊᚐປឤࠊᾘΆ ឤࠊ↓ຊឤ࡞ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ ᖾ⚟ឤᜨᮏ◊"࠾࠸࡚ࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡣࠊ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࡢᜡࡘࡢ࣋ࢡࢺࣝࡢ ྜຊࡋ࡚॔ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᖾ⚟ឤࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡣࡇࡢᜡࡘࡍ࡚ࡀᚲो࡛࠶ ࡾࠊ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡑࡢࢀࡀḞࡅ࡚ࡶࠊ༑ศ࡞ᖾ⚟ឤࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞ ࠸ࠊࡴࡋࢁឤࡀ⏕ࡎࡿࠋ࠶ࡿࢌⅭࡢȆᯝࡸࡑࡢȆᯝࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ≧ែࡣࠊᮏ᮶ ࡑࢀࡀӻ࠸ࡣࡎࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ᭷Џឤࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤҜศࡢຊ࡛⋓ᚓࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ ࠸࠺ഢ࡞ឤࡌࡀࡘࡁࡲ࠸ࠊ⏕ឤࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤᐢࡋࡉࡢឤࡀഺࡅࡽࢀࡎࠊങᡂ ឤࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ‶ࡶ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡇࡢࢀᜠࡘࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᜡࡘࡍ࡚ࡀḞ ࡅ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊឤࡀ୍ᒙ⏕ࡌࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ᅗᜟࡢᴫᛕᅗࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ȃɻࡼࡿࠋࡘ࡚ࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ◊"ࡢᑐ ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓᖾ⚟ឤࡢ◊"ࡀಶᖺኚάⓎࢌࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸ख़Ⅼࡸࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡅຍ࠼ࡿࡁ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᭱ึ◊"ࢳ ࣮࣒ 12 ேࡢ࡛એਭࡋࡓᜢࢱ࣮ࢹࠊࡳࡢ͵؝ศᯒࡽཧຍࠋࡑࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ ࡣᚰ⌮Ꮫ௨እࡢศญᩍϡᏛࠊဴᏛࠊேᆞᏛࡢ◊"͵ࡀຍࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊখએࡢȆᯝ ᚓࡽࢀࡓᅗᜟࡣࠊᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞⌮ਭࡢࣜࡅࡢ࠶ࡿ௬ᅗ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊከॵⓗ࡞ख़Ⅼ ࡽࡲࡵࡓᴫᛕᅗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢព࡛ࡣ᭕࡞ൺศࡶከࠎྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ≉ࠊᕥୗࡢࠕඣjݒᚅࠊࢻ࣓ࢫࢸࢵࢡ࣭ࣦ࢜ࣞࣥࢫࠊ࠸ࡌࡵࠊⓏᰯࠊᰯ ෆᭀຊࠊჰࢌࠊ≢̕ࠊ࣭ࣔࣛࣝࣁࢨ࣮ࢻࠊᆅᇦǞதࠊᡓதࠊ⎔ቃ◚ቯ͐ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᗄ ከࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣈ࡞⌧ࡣࠊᚰࡀάࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ែᐦ᥋ೳࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥᆏࡣࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ COE ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᣐⅬࡢ◊"యࡢ୰࡛ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡾࠊᮏ◊"ࡀ┤᥋ⓗྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᮏ◊"࡛ᢅ࠺ࡢࡣࠊᖾ⚟ឤࢆ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࡢᜡస࡛ࡽ࠼ࠊࡑࡢྜຊ ࡋ࡚ࡢ࠶ࡽࢃࡍࡇࡢጇᙜᛶᝲᩍϡᑐࡍࡿពઁࡀᖾ⚟ឤࢆࡢࡼ࠺ྥୖࡉࡏ࠺ ࡿࡘ࠸࡚ࡢൺศ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡇࢆᵝࠎ࡞ᩥⓗϬᬒࢆᣢࡘ 13 ࢝ᅜࡢேࠎࡢࢹ ࣮ࢱࡽ᳨খࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪉ ἲ ၥǜࡢᵓᡂ ᮏ◊"࡛⏝࠸ࡓၥǜࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑻᗘ¬ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 97 ᅟ┠ࢹࣔ ࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡኚᩘ 9 ᅟ┠ࠋ (1) ࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡኚᩘ 9 ᅟ┠ᅜŐࠊᖺᔻࠊᏛṔࠊᩍϡᖺᩘࠊ୧०ࡢᏛṔࠊ᪤ ፧ᮍ፧ࠊᏊࡶࡢᩘࠊᒃఫᙧែࠊಙ௮ࠋࡇࢀࡣၥǜࡢᮎᑿࡢ̘̘࠸ࡓࠋ (2) ᖾ⚟ឤࢃࡿ᪤ᏑᑻᗘᜨDiener et al. ࡢே⏕‶ᑻᗘᜣᅟ┠ࠊUchida, 7 Kitayama, Mesquita, Reyes, and Morling (2008)ࡢே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘᜧᅟ┠ࠊ Rosenberg1965ࡢҜᑛᚰᑻᗘ 10 ᅟ┠ࠋ (3) ᖾ⚟ឤࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᑻᗘᅟ┠᭷Џឤᜣᅟ┠ࠊ⏕ឤᜧᅟ┠ࠊങᡂឤᜢᅟ┠ࠋ (4) ᖾ⚟ឤࢃࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ᑻᗘᅟ┠࣓ࢱ৶▱ 9 ᅟ┠ࠊᩍϡᖾ⚟ᜤᅟ┠ (5) ࡑࡢࡢᑻᗘᚋࠊmaxmizerࠊlocomotion-assessmentࠊHuebner ࡢከḟඖ Ꮫ⏕⏕ά‶ᗘࡢᅟ┠ࡢ୍ൺࠊNHK ᨺೖᩥ◊"ᡤࡢே⏕┠ᶆᑻᗘ ᜨᅇࡣศ ᯒᑐྵࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ (6) ᩥfᡂἲᜨ ࠕ⚾ࡣ ࡁᖾࡏࢆឤࡌࡿࠋࠖ ࠕ⚾ࡣ ࡁᖾࡔ ឤࡌࡿࠋࠖࠕ⚾ࡗ࡚ᖾ⚟ࡣ ࠖࡢ 3 ᅟ┠࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢȆᯝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ ูᥖࡢᒣὈᏹਭᩥࠕఱࡀேࢆᖾ⚟ࡋఱࡀேࢆᖾࡍࡿ ̿ ᅜၯẚుਚᰝࡢҜ ⏤ঠศᯒ ̿ࠖࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ ਚᰝᅟ┠ࡣࠊဨࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࡢࡳࢃࡗࡓᜢࢆ͵؝၆ࡃࡢখએࡼࡾࠊ ࡲࡎ᪥ᮏਂ∧ࢆసᡂࡋࠊ᪥ᮏேࢆᑐࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ศᯒࢆࢌ࠸ࠊྛᑻᗘࡢᅉᏊⓗ ጇᙜᛶಙᆇᛶࢆ☜৶ࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊՕਂࠊࢻࢶਂࠊࢫ࣌ࣥਂᮏᅜ∧ࠊ୰༡ů∧ ࠊ ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝਂࠊᅁᅜਂࠊ୰ᅜਂྛᅜࡢਂͫলࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࠋͫলࡣࠊࡑࡢਂࡢ ࢿࢸࣦ࣭ࢫࣆ࣮࣮࡛࢝࠶ࡾࠊࡘᗘ࡞᪥ᮏਂৠ͵࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫ࣭ᩍϡᏛࡢ◊ "͵ࡀࢌࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ≉ࣂࢵࢡࢺࣛࣥࢫ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡼࡿ↷ྜᡭȶࡁࡣྲྀࡗ࡚ ࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ᮏfࡢᮎᑿ༃ࡋ࡚ࠊᅇ⏝࠸ࡓਚᰝ⚊ࡢ᪥ᮏਂ∧ࠕே⏕५ពઁਚᰝࠖՕਂ ∧͆Survey on personal views of life͇ࢆᥖࡍࡿࠋ ਚᰝᑐ ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺਚᰝ♫ࢡࣟࢫ࣐࣮ࢣࢸࣥࢢ♫ཬࡧࡑࡢᾏእ༠ຊ♫Ⓩ༃ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࡢ୰ࡽࠊ᮲௳ᅜŐࠊ⏨ዪูࠊᖺᔻúᅖࢆᣦᐃࡋ࡚ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥ ࢢࢆࢌ࠸ࠊ᮲௳ৡᙜࡍࡿᅇµ͵ࡢࡳࡀཧຍ͵࣮࣌ࢫ࡛ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ೫ࡋ࡚ᅇµ ࢆࢌࡗࡓࠋࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡢලయⓗ࡞ᣦᐃ᮲௳ࡣࠊᜡᖺᔻ̼18ᝬ25 ṓࠊ40ᝬ49 ṓࠊ 60 ṓ௨ୖࡢ⏨ዪྛྠᩘযᐃࡋࡓࠋᅜูࠊ⏨ዪูࠊᖺᔻู̼ࡢᅇµ͵ᩘࡣࠊࢢᜟ ♧ࡋࡓ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏேᑐࡢਚᰝࡣࠊ2009 ᖺ 10 ᭶ୖ᪪ᐇࡋࠊ1,313 ேࡽᅇµࢆᚓࡓࡀࠊձ ᅇµᜡศ௨ෆࡢ୨▷ᅇµ͵ࠊղ10 ࡢᑻᗘࡢ࠺ࡕᜡࡘ௨ୖ࡛ྠ୍োᐃ್ࡀೳ ȶࡋࡓᅇµ͵ࠊճᩥfᡂἲ࡛ᅇµࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ࠸࠸ࡆࢇ࡞ᅇµࢆࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓᅇ µ͵ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᮲௳ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ 92 ேࢆ၆እࡋࠊ᭱Ǻⓗ 1,221 ேࢆศᯒࡢᑐ ࡋࡓࠋ ྠᵝࡋ࡚ࠊᅜၯਚᰝࢆḟࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࠋḟศࡅࡓࡢࡣࠊၥǜࡢͫ লࡢ‽ഛ◊"ணÜୖࡢ⌮⏤ࡼࡿࠋ୍ḟᅜၯਚᰝࡣࠊ2010 ᖺᜡ᭶ࢻࢶࠊՕ ᅜࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆᑐࠊ᪥ᮏேࢹ࣮ࢱࡢlj༙ᩘ࡞ࡿ ྛᅜ 600 ேࢆ┠ᶆᐇࡋࡓࠋḟᅜၯਚᰝࡣࠊ2011 ᖺᜡ᭶ᅁᅜࠊ୰ᅜࠊ༡ ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊůᅜࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢆᑐࠊྠᵝྛᅜ 600 ேࢆ┠ 8 ᶆᐇࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࡢਚᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ60 ௦௨ୖࡢᅇµ͵ࡀ࠶ࡲࡾከࡃࡣ ᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊయࡢᅇµ͵ࡶ 474 ேࡲࡗࡓࢢᜟࠋ Ȇ ᯝ ศᯒࡢᡭᅠ ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣࠊ2009 ᖺྲྀᚓࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᥈ǤⓗᅉᏊศᯒ᭱ᑬἲࠊ ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡࢫᅇయࢆࢌ࠸ࠊ⏝ࡍࡿᑻᗘᅟ┠ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋḟࠊḟᅜၯਚᰝࡢ Ǻᚋࠊ13 ࢝ᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜูཬࡧ 13 ࢝ᅜయࡢྛᑻᗘࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘ Cronbach ࡢȘࡢÜฟࠊᑻᗘ್ᅟ┠ࡢྜওⅬࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢÜฟࠊᑻᗘ್ࡢᅜูࠊ ⏨ዪูࠊᖺᔻู̼ࡢẚుࢆࢌࡗࡓࠋ ᅜูศᯒࡢࣥࡋ࡚ࠊே⏕‶ᗘࠊ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࠊே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠊᩍ ϡᖾ⚟ࠊᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ࠊҜᑛᚰࡢ 8 ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜࡈਚᰝᑐ͵ဨࡢ ᖹᆒ್ࢆÜฟࡋࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ᭱ಶၴἲࠊWard ἲࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᖹᆒೳȆἲࢆ ᐇࡋࡓࠋ ศᯒࡢ᭱ᚋࠊᅗᜟࡢᴫᛕᅗࢆᐇহⓗ᳨খࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊඹศᩓᵓศᯒࡼࡿࣔ ࢹࣝࢆࡳࡓࠋࠕࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡ࡞ोᅉࠖЍࠕ࣓ࢱ৶▱࣭ҜᑛឤࠖЍࠕᖾ⚟ឤ ࡢᜡोǢ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤ࣭ே⏕‶ᗘ࣭ே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠖ࠸࠺ᙳᅚಀ ࢆ௬ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓᡂࡋࡓࠋ ࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡ࡞ोᅉ Ꮫ Ṕ ᅜูࡢᅇµ͵ࡢᏛṔࡋ࡚ࠊ▷Ꮫ༞ᴗᏛ၄ಟࡢྜࢆࢢᜠ ♧ࡍࠋࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺਚᰝࡢࡓࡵࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺಶேⓗࢡࢭࢫ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ ਚᰝ༠ຊࡢ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡇࡢࡇࡀਚᰝཧຍࡢࡁ࡞ไlj᮲௳࡞ࡿࠋ ྛᅜࡢᏛᏛ⋡ࡣࠊȂ῭༠ຊ࿔ⓎᶵᵓOECDຍ┕ᅜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠗᅗࢢ࡛ࡳࡿᩍ ϡ OECD ࣥࢹࢣ࣮ࢱ࠘ Ȃ῭༠ຊ࿔Ⓨᶵᵓ2011࡞ࡼࡗ࡚ਚࡿࡇࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿࡀࠊࢢᜠࡢ୰ᅜ77.38ᜓࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ54.83ᜓࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝39.87ᜓ࡞ ࡣࠊ᫂ࡽᅜẸయࡢᖹᆒࡽࡣࡅႣࢀࡓ▷Ꮫ༞ᴗ͵⋡ࡢᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢॾจၯࡋ࡚ᖖὀពࡍࡁⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᒃఫᙧែ ࢢᜡࡣࠊᐙ᪘ྠᒃࠊ୍ேఫࡲ࠸ࠊࡑࢀ௨እࢆᑜࡡࡓȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ୍ேఫࡲ࠸ࠖ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠊࢻࢶ30.18ᜓࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ28.66ᜓࠊ᪥ᮏ21.29ᜓ ࡢ⊂ᒃ⋡ࡀࡃࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ5.28ᜓࢫ࣌ࣥ8.61ᜓࡀప࠸ࠋ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࢫ࣌ ࣥࡣࠊࢫ࣌ࣥਂᅪ࡛࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡಙ͵ࡀከ࠸࠸࠺ඹ೫Ⅼࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐙ᪘ ̿ࡢᙉ࠸ᅜࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡇࡀࡇࡢȆᯝࢢࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍЏᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ಙ ௮ ࢢᜢࡣࠊಶேࡋ࡚ಙ௮ᚰreligious faithࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆᑜࡡ ࡓযၥࡢᅇµȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಙ௮ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿேࡢྜࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ 12.61%୰ᅜ24.02%ࡀၯWࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏਚᰝ࡛ࡣࠊಙ௮ࡢ᭷↓ࡢࡳࢆᑜࡡ ࡚࠸࡚ࠊಙ௮ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡢࢌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᐀ὴࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ≉ᑜࡡ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ 9 ᅉᏊศᯒࡢȆᯝ ๓ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᅉᏊศᯒࡣ᪥ᮏேࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ1,221 ேࡢࡳࡘ࠸࡚ࢌࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࢢᜣࡽࢢ 12 ࡑࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྛᑻᗘࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘCronbach ࡢ Șࡣࠊྛᅜู 13 ࢝ᅜయࡘ࠸࡚Üฟࡋࡓࡀࠊࢢࡣ᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ Șಀᩘࢆ♧ࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢᮏᩥࡢ࡛᫂ࡣ 13 ࢝ᅜయࡢȘಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ᅇࡢศᯒࡽ၆እࡋࡓᑻᗘࡣࠊȘಀᩘࡢపࡉࡀ၆እࡢ࡞⌮⏤࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢᜣࡽࠊே⏕‶ᗘᑻᗘDiener et al, 1985ࡢே⏕‶ឤlife satisfaction, satisfaction with lifeࡢ ᐃᑻᗘᜣᅟ┠ࡣࠊ୍ᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࡞ ࠾ࠊ13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊȘᜫ0.849 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࢢᜤࡣࠊࠕ᭷ЏឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᜟᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᅉ Ꮚ֤ฎࡀ.213 ప࠸ࠕ࠸ࡘࡶࡲࢃࡾࡢࡀຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖࡣࠊ௨ᚋࡢศᯒࡽ ၆እࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅉᏊ֤ฎࡀ࣐ࢼࢫࡢᅟ┠ࡣࠊྜওⅬÜฟၯࡋ࡚ᩘ್ࢆయࡉ ࡏࡓ௨ୗྠࠋ13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊȘᜫ0.696 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢᜥࡣࠊࠕ⏕ឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᜟᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊȘᜫ0.813 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢᜦࡣࠊࠕങᡂឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᜟᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊȘᜫ0.740 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢᜧࡣࠊࠕே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᜟᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ ࡓࠋ13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊȘᜫ0.836 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢ 10 ࡣࠊ ࠕᩍϡᖾ⚟ࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᜠᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᅉᏊ┦ࡀ.030 ప࠸ࡓࡵࠊ୍ᅉᏊࡢࠕᩍϡࡼࡿ ᖾ⚟ࠖࡢࡳࢆศᯒ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊࠕᩍϡࡼࡿᖾ⚟ࠖ ࡀȘᜫ0.817ࠊࠕᩍϡ࡞ࡋࡢᖾ⚟ࠖࡀȘᜫ0.840 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢢ 11 ࡣࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᜡᅉᏊᵓ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ ࡓࠋᅉᏊྡ 13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ᜨឤࠖȘᜫ0.589ࠊ ࠕᖾ⚟ ࣓ࢱ৶▱ᜨุ᩿ᇶ‽ࠖȘᜫ0.503ࠊࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ᜨțไࠖȘᜫ0.777 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅉᏊ ࡢ┦ࡀẚుⓗ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᜡୗᑻᗘࡢྜওⅬࢆศᯒ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ࢢ 12 ࡣࠊRosenberg1965ࡢࠕҜᑛᚰࠖᑻᗘ 10 ᅟ┠ࡢᅉᏊศᯒȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡢ 13 ࢝ᅜయࡢಙᆇᛶಀᩘࡣࠊȘᜫ0.868 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝ ࡞ᑻᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢࢆᅗᜠᝬᅗᜧ♧ࡍࠋᅜࡢ ୪ࡧᅠࡣࠊᅗࡢᕥࡽࢪ᪥ᮏࠊᅁᅜࠊ୰ᅜࠊࣇࣜ࢝༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ࢜ࢭ ࢽ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃՕᅜࠊࢻࢶࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࠊ ࣓ࣜ࢝࢝ࢼࢲࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ୰ኸ࣓࣓ࣜ࢝࢟ࢩࢥࠊ༡࣓ࣜ࢝ࣈࣛࢪࣝ ࡋࡓࠋ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ၓࡢ༊ศἲࡼࡗ࡚ࠊů༡ůࡢሙྜࡣůࠊ ů୰ů༡ůࡢሙྜࡣ୰ůࠊů୰༡ůࡢሙྜࡣ୰༡ůධࢀࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗᜠࡣࠊே⏕‶ᗘᑻᗘࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡢᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀẚు 10 ⓗప࠸ࠕ᪥ᮏᅁᅜࠖࠊ୰⛬ᗘࡢࠕ୰ᅜ࣭Ḣůᅪࠖ9 ࢝ᅜࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡢᑻᗘ್ࡀẚుⓗ ࠸ࠕ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝࠖࡢᜡࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀࡿࡇࡀࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ୰ᅜ༡ ࣇࣜ࢝ࡣࠊḢůᅪಶ࠸್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࡣࠊՕਂ࡛ᅇµࡍࡿࡇࢆ๓ᥦ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊॉḢDŽࡢⓑேࡀᅇµࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍЏᛶࡀͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗᜡࡣࠊ᭷Џឤᑻᗘࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣛࢪࣝࡀḢůᅪಶ࠸ࡣࠊ ᭷Џឤࡢᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀẚుⓗప࠸᪥ᮏᅁᅜ≉ዪᛶࠊ୰⛬ᗘࡢࠕ୰ᅜ࣭Ḣůᅪࠖ 10 ࢝ᅜࠊ᭷Џឤࡢᑻᗘ್ࡀẚుⓗ࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢᜡࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀࡿࡇࡀࡳ ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ᅗᜢࡣࠊ⏕ឤᑻᗘࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇࡢᵝᏊࡣே⏕‶ ᗘᑻᗘࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥఝ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⏕ឤࡢᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀẚుⓗప࠸᪥ᮏᅁᅜࠊ୰⛬ᗘ ࡢࠕ୰ᅜ࣭Ḣůᅪࠖ9 ࢝ᅜࠊ⏕ឤࡢᑻᗘ್ࡀẚుⓗ࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᜡࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀࡿࡇࡀࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ᅗᜣࡣࠊങᡂឤᑻᗘࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀẚుⓗప࠸᪥ᮏ ᅁᅜࠊ୰⛬ᗘࡢࠕ୰ᅜ࣭Ḣůᅪࠖ9 ࢝ᅜࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡢᑻᗘ್ࡀẚుⓗ࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈ ࣛࢪࣝࡢᜡࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀࡿࡇࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ᅗᜤࡣࠊࠕே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠖᑻᗘࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊయⓗ ᅜูࡢᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃࠊẚుⓗࣇࣛࢵࢺ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗᜥࡣࠊࠕᩍϡᖾ⚟ࠖࡢᜟᅉᏊࠕᩍϡࡼࡿᖾ⚟ࠖࡢྜওⅬࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢ Ȇᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀ୍␒ప࠸᪥ᮏࡸࡸపࡵࡢᅁᅜࠊ୰⛬ᗘࡢࠕ୰ᅜ࣭Ḣůᅪࠖ 9 ࢝ᅜࠊẚుⓗ࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᜡࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀࡿࡀࡳྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ᅗᜦࡣࠊᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ᑻᗘࡢᜡᅉᏊࡢྜওⅬࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃࠊ୰ᅜ࣭ࣈࣛࢪࣝࡀ࠸࠸࠺ࡢᑻᗘࡢȆᯝࡣᑡࡋചࡗࡓࣃࢱ࣮ ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗᜧࡣࠊҜᑛᚰᑻᗘࡢᅜู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭷ЏឤᑻᗘᅗᜡࡢȆ ᯝఝࡓࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡀḢůᅪಶࡃࠊᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀẚుⓗప࠸᪥ᮏ ᅁᅜࠊ୰⛬ᗘࡢ୰ᅜ࣭Ḣůᅪ 10 ࢝ᅜࠊᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡀ⏨ዪࡶ࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢᜡࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉศࢀࡿࡇࡀࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ᖺᔻู࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝ ᅗ 10ᝬᅗ 17 ࡣࠊ ࠕ18ᝬ25 ṓࠖࠊࠕ40ᝬ49 ṓࠖࠊࠕ60 ṓ௨ୖࠖࡢᜡᖺᔻ̼ࡘ࠸࡚ẚ ుࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊӑⓗ॒ࢀࡤࠊຍᔻࡶ࡞࠸ᖾ⚟ឤೳࡢᑻᗘҜᑛᚰࡢᑻ ᗘୖ᪼ࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᶓ᩿ⓗࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᔻ͵࡛ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ ࢡࢭࢫࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺᮲௳ࡀࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡢ೫ࡾࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿྍЏᛶࡀ ࡁ࠸ࠋ ᅗ 10 ࡣࠊே⏕‶ᗘᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻู̼ ࡛ࡣࠊ40ᝬ49 ṓࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃࠊ18ᝬ25 ṓᜪ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ 11 ࡣࠊ᭷Џឤᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻู̼࡛ࡣࠊ 11 18ᝬ25 ṓᜪ40ᝬ49 ṓᜪ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ 12 ࡣࠊ⏕ឤᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻู̼࡛ࡣࠊ 18ᝬ25 ṓᜪ40ᝬ49 ṓᜪ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ 13 ࡣࠊങᡂឤᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻู̼࡛ࡣࠊ 18ᝬ25 ṓᜪ40ᝬ49 ṓᜫ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ 14 ࡣࠊ ࠕே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠖᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻ ู̼࡛ࡣࠊ18ᝬ25 ṓᜫ40ᝬ49 ṓᜪ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ 15 ࡣࠊ ࠕᩍϡࡼࡿᖾ⚟ࠖᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺ ᔻู̼࡛ࡣࠊ40ᝬ49 ṓࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃࠊ18ᝬ25 ṓᜫ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋ ᅗ 16 ࡣࠊᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ᑻᗘࡢᜡᅉᏊࡢྜওⅬࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻู̼࡛ࡣࠊ18ᝬ25 ṓᜫ40ᝬ49 ṓᜫ60 ṓ௨ୖࡗ࡚ࡶࡼࡉࡑ࠺࡞ ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ 17 ࡣࠊҜᑛᚰᑻᗘࡢᖺᔻู̼࣭⏨ዪูࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺᔻู̼࡛ࡣࠊ 18ᝬ25 ṓᜪ40ᝬ49 ṓᜪ60 ṓ௨ୖ࠸࠺᫂░࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢእᅜ࠾ࡅࡿਚᰝ࡛ࡣࠊᖺᔻᖾ⚟ࡢᝃᏐᆺࡢಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢȆ ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀGraham, 2009ࠊே⏕‶ᗘᅗ 10௨እࡣࡑࡢࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊҜᑛᚰᅗ 17ࡢࡼ࠺ᖺᔻඹྥୖࡍࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ॒ࡽࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢॾจ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᔻ͵ࡢሙྜࠊࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ࠺ਚᰝཧ ຍࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇҜయࣂࢫࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆͳ៖ࡍࡿᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒࡢȆᯝ ே⏕‶ᗘࠊ᭷Џឤࠊ⏕ឤࠊങᡂឤࠊே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࡢ 5 ᑻᗘࡢᚓⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅜ ࡈਚᰝᑐ͵ဨࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆÜฟࡋࠊࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ᭱ಶၴἲࠊWard ἲࠊࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉᖹᆒೳȆἲࢆᐇࡋࡓࠋࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒࡢᡭἲࡼࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢูࢀ᪉ࡢ ച࠸ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊᅗ 18 ࡣࠊࡑࡢ௦ࢢࡋ࡚ Ward ἲࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢȆ ᯝࡣࠊࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࠊ୰ᅜࠊࢫ࣌ࣥࠖG1ࠊࠕࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊՕ ᅜࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࢻࢶࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࠖG2ࠊࠕ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࠖG3ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࠊ ᅁᅜࠖG4࠸࠺ᜢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉูࡉࢀࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࠊྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᜣᑻᗘࡑࢀࡒࢀ࠾࠸࡚ᜢࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉࡢࡢᕪࢢ 13 ཧ↷ࡋ࡚ศᩓศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁࠊຠᯝࡣ࠸ࡎࢀ ࡶ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋTukey ࡢ HSD ࡛ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᖹᆒ್ᕪp<.05 যᐃࢆ᳨খࡋ ࡓȆᯝࠊே⏕‶ᗘ⏕५G3ᜬG2=G1ᜬG4ࠊ᭷ЏឤങᡂឤG3ᜬG2ᜬG1 ᜬG4ࠊே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤG3ᜫG2ᜫG1ᜬG4࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᅁG4ࡣࡢᣦᶆ࠾ ࠸࡚ࡶোᐃ್ࡀపࡃࠊ୍᪉ࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝG3ࡣোᐃ್ࡀ࠸ࠋ ࠕࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࠊՕᅜࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࢻࢶࠊ༡ࣇࣜ࢝G2ࠖࠕ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࠊ࢝ࢼ ࢲࠊ୰ᅜࠊࢫ࣌ࣥG1ࠖࡢোᐃ್ࡣ୰࠶ࡿࡀࠊ๓͵ࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷Џឤങᡂឤ ࠾࠸࡚ࡃࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆศࡅࡿ᰿ᣐࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 12 ඹศᩓᵓศᯒࡢȆᯝ ࢢ 13 ࡣࠊᛶูࠊᖺᔻࠊᏛṔࡢࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡ࡞ኚᩘࡑࡢࡢᑻᗘࡢ┦ࢆ ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑻᗘࡣࠊ࡞ࡾ࠸┦ࡶ॒ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅗ 19 ࡣࠊAmos 16.0 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢌࡗࡓඹศᩓᵓศᯒࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࡢศᯒၯࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ13 ࢝ᅜయ࡛ࢌࡗࡓȆᯝ᭱ୖẁࠊᅗ 18 ࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ศᯒ ࡼࡗ࡚ศࢀࡓ G1ᝬG4 ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆᇶ♏ࡍࡿከẕႏᅋྠศᯒࢆࢌࡗࡓȆᯝ ୗࡢᜢẁࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ 19 ࡼࡿࠊᜢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃᩍϡࡀᖾ ⚟ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡍࡿែᗘࡣࠊҜᑛᚰᖾ⚟࣓ࢱ৶▱ࢆࡵࠊࡑࡢࡇࡀ᭷Џឤ࣭⏕ ឤ࣭ങᡂឤࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᖾ⚟ឤࢆࡵࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅗᜟࡢᴫᛕᅗࡢጇᙜᛶ ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᏛṔࡽᩍϡңࡿࣃࢫࡣࠊ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡣ࠸࠼ẚ ుⓗᙳᅚຊࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠋࡉࡽࠊ᭷Џឤ࣭⏕ឤ࣭ങᡂឤࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿᖾ⚟ឤࡣࠊே ୪ࡳᖾ⚟࡞ࡽࡧே⏕‶ᗘᙳᅚࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡶᅗ 19 ࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ͳ ᐹ ᖾ⚟ឤࡢᵓ ᮏ◊"ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ COE ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠕᚰࡀάࡁࡿᩍϡࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜၯⓗᣐⅬࠖࢆ ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ࡚ࠊᅗᜟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᴫᛕᅗࢆฟⓎⅬࡋࠊᩍϡᏛᩍϡဴᏛࠊᩍϡྐࠊẚు ᩍϡᏛ࡞ᚰ⌮Ꮫ৶▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࠊ♫ᚰ⌮ᏛࠊⓎങᚰ⌮Ꮫࠊқᗋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡞ࡀ ༠ྠࡋ࡚◊"ࢆࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ᅗ 19 ࡢඹศᩓᵓศᯒࡢȆᯝࡽࠊ᭷Џឤ࣭⏕ឤ࣭ങᡂឤࡽ࡞ࡿᖾ⚟ឤᑐ ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍϡࡀᖾ⚟ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ࠸࠺ែᗘࡀҜᑛᚰࢆ፹ࡋ࡚ᙳᅚࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡀᐇ হࡉࢀࡓࡇࡣព̿῝࠸ࠋᩍϡࡣࠊඣj⏕ᚐࡢҜᑛᚰࢆࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ ࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊᅇᐇহ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊᅗᜟࡢᴫᛕᅗࡢእ᱁ൺศ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ ࡉࡽලయⓗ࡞χࡅࢆࢌࡗ࡚࠸ࡃᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᖾ⚟ឤࡀప࠸ᅜᜨ᪥ᮏᅁᅜ ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᅁᅜࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡀ≉ప࠸࠸࠺Ȇᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊ ே⏕‶ᗘ࡞ࡢਚᰝ࡛ࡣኧ▱ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿDiener, Diener, & Diener, 1995ࠋࡋࡋࠊฌो࡞ࡇࡣࠊၥᆏൺศ࡛॒ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊᖾ⚟ᗘࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿே࿔ ⓎᣦᩘHDIࡢ 2010 ᖺ∧࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ 11 ࠸࠺ዲ̘࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅁᅜࡶࡇ ࡢᖺ୍Ẽ 8 ࢵࣉࡢ 12 ࠸࠺࠸̘ୖࡗࡓࡢࡶࢃࡽࡎࠊ୧ᅜẸ ࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡣప࠸࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛⏕ࡲࢀϡࡕࠊᅁᅜேዪᛶȆ፧ࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣦ࣮ࢪࢽᏛົࡍࡿ ▼2009ࡣࠊ᪥ᅁ୧ᅜࡀ୍ὶᏛ࣭ᴗࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࢚࣮ࣜࢺ̿ࡢ♫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊ ୖୗಀࡸୡࡢ┠ࢆពઁࡋ࡚⏕ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸Cᒅ࡞♫࡛࠶ࡿࡇࠊᙉ࠸ྥ ୖᚰࡀҜศࡶཝࡋࡃᙜࡓࡿ♫ⓗᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠊᕷൺேཱྀࡀႏ୰ࡋࠊ ఫᏯ೫ࡢ⎔ቃࡀᝏ࠸ࡇ࡞ࢆᖾ⚟ឤࡢపࡉࡢඹ೫ोǢࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 13 ࡲࡓࠊ∦աỌࣆ࣭࣒ࣙࣥࣚࣥɵ (2010)ࡢࠗᅁᅜࡢ♫ᩥ࠘ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ Ꮫ࡛ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᅁᅜே◊"͵ࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚ᇳ©ࡋࡓᅁᅜࡢ♫ᩥࢆ᪥ᮏே Dzࡍࡿᮏ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᅁᅜ࡛ࡣҜືత༙ᑟయ⏘ᴗࡀ┒ࢇ࡞ࡾࠊȂ῭ࡀᛴ೯Ⓨᒎ ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊჰṇ॔ປാ͵ࡀ 50 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢺࢆ୪࠼ࠊୡ⏺୍ࡶࢃࢀࡿཷቲwதࠊ ᖖၴᅜᮅ፝Ẹ̿ேẸඹᅜࡢᡓதࡢ༴ᶵࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ୰࡛ࡢᚩරไ⏨Ꮚ ࡀՍ͵ᬯ࠸ᙳࢆؐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖾ⚟ឤࡀ࠸ᅜᜨ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝ ᪉ࠊከࡃࡢᑻᗘ࠾࠸࡚࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝࡢᖾ⚟ឤࡀ≉࠸࠸࠺Ȇᯝࡀᚓ ࡽࢀࡓࠋ୧ᅜࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡀࢫ࣌ࣥਂᅪࠊࣈࣛࢪࣝࡀ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝਂᅪᒓࡍࡿ࠸ࢃ ࡺࡿࣛࢸࣥDŽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᐙ᪘ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀᙉ࠸ࡉࢀࡿ࢝ࢺࣜࢵࢡDŽᅜẸࡢከ࠸ᅜ࡛ࡶ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡇࡀᒃఫᙧែࡢȆᯝࡶࢢࢀࠊࢢᜡ࡛ࡣࠊࢻࢶ30.18ᜓࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ 28.66ᜓࠊ᪥ᮏ21.29ᜓࡢ⊂ᒃ⋡ࡀ࠸ࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ5.28ᜓࢫ ࣌ࣥ8.61ᜓࡣప࠸ࠋ ᖾ⚟ឤࡀ᭱ࡶ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ȇᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣࠊࢇ࡞ᅜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ እົ┬ሗhttp://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/mexico/data.htmlࡼࢀࡤࠊ࣓࢟ ࢩࢥࡣࠊW᠇Ẹไࡼࡿೳൕඹᅜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏࡢlj 5 ಸࡢᅜᅵჳ 196 ᖹ᪉࢟ ࣓࣮ࣟࢺࣝࡢᅵᆅࠊ᪥ᮏḟ࠸࡛ୡ⏺ 11 ࡢேཱྀ࡞ࡿ 1 ൨ 863 ே2010 ᖺ ࡀఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋẸ᪘ᵓᡂࡣࠊḢᕞDŽඛఫẸࡢΰࢁ 60ᜓࠊඛఫẸ 30ᜓࠊḢᕞDŽࢫ ࣌ࣥDŽ¬9ᜓࠊࡑࡢ 1ᜓ࡛࠶ࡾࠊਂࡣࢫ࣌ࣥਂࠊ᐀ᩍࡣᅜẸࡢlj 9 ࡀ࢝ ࢺࣜࢵࢡࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢȂ῭ࡣࠊ1982 ᖺࡢമົ༴ᶵ 1994 ᖺࡢ೫ૼ༴ᶵ࣓ ࢟ࢩࢥ࣭࣌ࢯࡢᭀؐࡼࡾᅜẸࡣᛴ⃭࡞ࣥࣇࣞฎኻᴗࡢՎࡋࡳࢆࢃࡗࡓࡀࠊ ࡑࡢᚋࡣᅇࡋ 2010 ᖺࡢ GDP ࡣ 1 40 ൨ࢻࣝࠊୡ⏺ 14 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜẸ୍ேᙜ ࡓࡾ GDP ࡛ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣ 61 9,566 ࢻ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡀࠊȂ῭Ⓨᒎࡀࠕ࠸ࡋ؝BRICsࠖ ࡤࢀࡿᜢᅜࡢ࠺ࡕࡢࣈࣛࢪࣝ53 ࠊ10,816 ࢻࣝ࠾ࡼࡧࣟࢩ56 ࠊ10,437 ࢻࣝࡑ࠺ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ2010 ᖺࡢ HDI ᣦᩘே࿔Ⓨᣦᩘࡣ 56 ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅜ Ẹ୍ேᙜࡓࡾ GDP ॒ྜࡗࡓᅠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣࠊ▼Ἔ࡞િ࡞ኳ↛ଘ※ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ⏘ᴗᕷࡀࢌࡋࠊȂ῭ࡶᅠ ਚⓎᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᪉࡛ࡣࡢၴᅜ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢȂ῭ಀࠊᓎ۶ᡓத≢̕Ǽʺ ࡢၥᆏࠊ⎔ቃởᰁࡢၥᆏࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ḟࡄϗ‶⋡ࡢࡉࠊᐙ᪘ಀࡢኚᐜ࡞ከࡃࡢ ♫ၥᆏࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡉࢀࡿᅜᮏ2012ࠋᅜࡀિ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡽᖾ⚟ឤࡀ ࠸ࡢࠊከࡃࡢ♫ၥᆏࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎᴦኳⓗ࡞ࡢࠊᚋࡢ᳨খࢆोࡍࡿ ၥᆏ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ҝẅ⋡ ၥǜਚᰝ࡛ࡣࠊᑻᗘᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࡢȆᯝࡣ᫂░⌧ࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡑࡢॾจࡣ୍̿ⓗ ࡣࢌ࡞࠸ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊඛঀࢀࡓ⊂ᒃ⋡ࡢࡉࡸ᐀ᩍᚰࡢۗࡉࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢᖾ⚟ ឤࡢపࡉᙳᅚࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍЏᛶࡀͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ13 ࢝ᅜࡢẚుࢆࢌࡗࡓࡣࠊ⊂ 14 ᒃ⋡ࡢࡉࡸ᐀ᩍᚰࡢۗࡉࡔࡅࢆᖾ⚟ឤࡢపࡉࡢỴᐃᅉ᩿ࡍࡿࡇࡣႤࡋ࠸ࠋࢹ ࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡ࡞ोᅉࢆྵࡴࣽ႗࡞ोᅉࢆࡢࡼ࠺ྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡀồࡵࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ोᅉࡋ࡚ࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡸҜᑛᚰࡢపࡉࡀኌ≀ࢆᙇࡋ࡞࠸ࠕᢚ ไⓗᛂࠖࡢ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿͳ࠼᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࡢ࡛᫂ࡣࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡣ ࡃ࡚ࡶపࡃ࡚ࡶၥᆏࡀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶᖾ⚟ឤࢆ ᐃࡍࡿពࡀ࡞ ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋప࠸ᖾ⚟ឤࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾࡑࡢཎᅉࢆ᥈ࡋ࡚ࠊྍЏ࡞ࡶࡢࡣ၆ཤࡍ ࡿᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᅇࡢਚᰝȆᯝᐦ᥋ೳࡍࡿ⌧Ҝẅ⋡10 ேᙜࡓࡾࡢҜẅ͵ᩘࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋࢢ 14 ࡲࡵࡓ OECD ຍ┕ᅜ 35 ࢝ᅜࡢҜẅ⋡ࡢțওOECD Factbook 2011ᜩ http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspxࡼࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏᅁᅜࡣ⏨ዪࢆྜࢃࡏࡓࠕయࠖ ࡢҜẅ⋡ࡀ OECD ᖹᆒࡼࡾࡶࡣࡿࡃࠊࡇࡢࢢ࡛ࡣᅁᅜࡀᜟࠊ᪥ᮏࡀᜢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࠊ10 ேᙜࡓࡾࡢҜẅ⋡ࡀ᭱ࡶప࠸ࡢࡣ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣈࣛࢪࣝࡣ OECD ຍ┕ᅜ࡛࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࢢ 14 ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊҜẅ⋡ࡣప࠸ࡇ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜ ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࢆ၆ࡃṧࡾᜥ࢝ᅜࡢҜẅ⋡ࡣࠊ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡼࡾ࠸ࡀࠊOECD ᖹᆒࡼࡾࡶ ప࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡢȆᯝࡣࠊᖾ⚟ឤࡢȆᯝᩚྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᢚไⓗᛂ࡛ࡣ᫂ࡀ ࡘ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊҜẅ͵ᩘࡣᐇၯࡣࡴࡋࢁᑠࡉ࡞ᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᖾ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡍࡄᐹ ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊᖾࡀҜẅңࡿࡲ࡛ࡣࠊᩘከࡃࡢोᅉࡀࡍࡿࠋࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ ᖾ⚟ឤ⏨ዪᕪࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊҜẅ⋡ࡣ᫂☜࡞⏨ዪᕪࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࢢ 14 ࡢࡍ࡚ࡢᅜ࡛ ⏨ᛶࡢҜẅ⋡ࡢ᪉ࡀᅽಽⓗ࠸ࠋ Ҝẅࡣࠊᖾࡢཎᅉ࡛࡞ࡃȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠊҜẅࢆဥࡄࡣᖾࢆɶࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ಶேⓗ࣭♫ⓗ࡞ᡭW࡚ࡀฌो࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡑࡢोᅉࡣ୍ࡘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࠸ࢁࢇ࡞ॵᗘࡽ᳨খࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࠙ࠚ ᮏ◊"ࡢᅁᅜਂ∧୰ᅜਂ∧ࡢసᡂၯࡋ࡚ࠊᩍϡᏛ◊"⛉ࡢ୯ཀᡃJo Gyeonga ຓᩍ࡞ࡽࡧᏛ၄⏕ࡢຩᕏݑQian LonghuẶࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓࡓࠋঠࡋ࡚ឤ⏦ࡋୖ ࡆࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊"ࡢ୰Ȃഓ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ྜࢇᅜ࣭ࣦ࣮ࢪࢽᏛࡢ ▼ʮᏹᩍᤵࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ࣭ࣝࣂ࣮ࢱᏛࡢቑ⏣ଇᙪᩍᤵࡣࠊᮏ◊"ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ᳨খ ࠾ࡅࡿᇶਚਫ਼₇ࢆࢌࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᮏ◊"ଇฌ࡞ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࡕࡻ࠺ࡔ࠸ࡋࡓࠋ ཌࡃᚚ♩ࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ 15 ᩥ ⊩ Bok, D. (2010). The politics of happiness: What government can learn from the new research on well-being. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ࢹࣞࢵ ࢡ࣭࣎ࢵࢡ؝ࠊᅵᒇ┤ᶞ࣭քญດ࣭ᐑᕝಟᏊলࠊࠗᖾ⚟ࡢ◊" ̿ ࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ ࢻඖᏛ࿇ࡀᩍ࠼ࡿᖾ⚟࡞♫࠘ࠊᮾὒȂ῭᪂ሗ♫ࠊ2011 ᖺ Bok, S. (2010). Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to Brain Science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Bortolotti, L. (2009). Philosophy and happiness. London: Palgrave & Macmillan. Bradley, B. (2009). Well-being and death. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ᆓൣኵ࣭ᇼẟ୍ஓ࣭┦ᕝ࣭ᏳܘΎᚿ࣭yᜨᏊ (2009). Well-being ࢆ┠ᣦࡍ♫ ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᙺᆏ. ᑐே♫ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊", 9, 1-32 Coplan, R. J., Findlay, L. C., & Nelson, L. J. (2004). Characteristics of preschoolers with lower perceived competence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 399-408. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 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New York: Harper. ᡂ⏣୍࣭ୗ௰ᅠᏊ࣭୰ซඞ࣭Ἑྜ༓ᜨᏊ࣭బ୍࣭┾ܘ࿇⏣⏤džᏊ (1995). ≉ᛶⓗ Ҝᕫຠຊឤᑻᗘࡢ᳨খɆ⏕ᾭⓎങⓗ⏝ࡢྍЏᛶࢆ᥈ࡿᩍϡᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊"43 306-314. 16 yᩥႍ࣭ⓑ▼ᑠⓒྜ࣭´̿൫ɵ؝(2010). ᪥ᮏࡢᖾ⚟ᗘ̿᱁ᕪ࣭ປാ࣭ᐙ᪘ ᪥ᮏোਭ♫ ᶫ↷ᯞ (2011). ᖾࡏࡢᑻᗘɆࠕࢧࢫࢸࢼࣈࣝ᪥ᮏ 3.0ࠖࢆࡵࡊࡋ࡚ᒷ⃝Ꮫฟ∧ ▼ʮᏹ (2009). ᖾࡏࢆ⛉ᏛࡍࡿɆᚰ⌮Ꮫࡽศࡗࡓࡇ᪂᭙♫ ∦աỌɵ(2010). ᅁᅜࡢ♫ᩥᒾ⏣᭩၄ Rosenberg, M.1965 Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Uchida, Y., Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., Reyes, J. A. S., & Morling, B (2008). Is perceived emotional support beneficial? Well-being and health in independent and interdependent cultures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 741-754. White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333. 17 A cross-national study on happiness: Data from thirteen countries Masuo Koyasu, Takashi Kusumi, Moises Kirk de Carvalho Filho, Kyoko Hashimoto, Kazuo Fujita, Shoko Suzuki, Yasuhiro Oyama, Carl Becker, Yukiko Uchida, David Dalsky, Ruprecht Mattig, Riho Sakurai, and Takatsugu Kojima We conducted a cross-national study on the sense of happiness by collecting data from thirteen countries (Japan, South Korea, China, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Canada, U.S.A., Mexico, and Brazil) with the use of an online survey method. The participants from each country comprised approximately 600 people (1,212 people for the Japanese data), with nearly the same number of males and females, and ranging in age from adolescence to maturity (18-25 years, 40-49 years, and above 60 years). Ninety-seven items were included in the questionnaire. A structural equation modeling revealed that happiness is composed of a sense of capability, a vital sense of life, and a sense of achievement. The results also showed that Japanese and Korean people are most unhappy, while Mexican and Brazilian people are most happy, with the other nine countries located in-between. The same pattern of results, unhappiness and low self-esteem for Japanese and Korean versus happiness and high self-esteem for Mexican and Brazilian, was consistently found in the other items or scales of this research. In general, the older generation is happier than the younger generation. Potential reasons for these findings are discussed. 18 ⾲㸯ᅜู࣭⏨ዪู࣭ᖺ㱋ูࡢᅇ⟅⪅ᩘ ⏨ᛶ ᅜ ᖺ㱋 18-25 40-49 60 ௨ୖ ྜ ィ ᖺ㱋 18-25 40-49 60 ௨ୖ ྜ ィ 181 195 220 596 205 204 216 625 1221 㡑 ᅜ 126 132 50 308 128 127 50 305 613 ୰ ᅜ 137 149 33 319 146 142 34 322 641 ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ 105 94 32 231 106 106 31 243 474 ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 100 105 108 313 101 106 106 313 626 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ 85 100 104 289 103 90 100 293 582 ⱥ ᅜ 91 90 95 276 91 91 94 276 552 ࢻࢶ 93 90 92 275 93 90 92 275 550 ࢫ࣌ࣥ 92 90 90 272 92 91 91 274 546 102 102 103 307 102 102 103 307 614 ࣓ࣜ࢝ 90 89 90 269 90 92 91 273 542 ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ 92 94 90 276 96 128 49 273 549 ࣈࣛࢪࣝ 150 101 52 303 151 105 53 309 612 1444 1431 1159 4034 1504 1474 1110 4088 ྜ ィ ト 1㸸༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࡣࠊ60 ṓ௨ୖࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࢆ୰ᚰࠊయࡋ࡚ᅇ⟅⪅ࡀᚓࡃࡗࡓࠋ ト 2㸸࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣ 60 ṓ௨ୖࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ50-59 ṓࡢᅇ⟅⪅ࡶྵࡵࡓࠋ 㻌 ྜ ィ ᪥ ᮏ ࢝ࢼࢲ ዪᛶ ⾲䠎㻌 ᅇ⟅⪅䛾᭱⤊ᏛṔ䛜▷䠋Ꮫ༞䚸Ꮫ㝔ಟ䛾ẚ⋡㻌 ᅜ ⥲ேᩘ ▷㸭Ꮫ༞ᴗ 1,221 613 745 (61.02%) 31 (2.53%) 263 (42.90%) 39 (6.36%) ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ 641 474 496 189 (77.38%) (39.87%) 27 20 (4.21%) (4.22%) ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 626 185 (29.55%) 28 (4.47%) ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ 582 552 183 266 (31.44%) (48.19%) 43 31 (7.39%) (5.62%) 550 546 614 92 168 227 (16.73%) (30.77%) (36.97%) 5 21 28 (0.91%) (3.85%) (4.56%) ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ 542 549 148 301 (27.31%) (54.83%) 43 65 (7.93%) (11.84%) ࣈࣛࢪࣝ 612 182 (29.74%) 62 (10.13%) 6,901 2,700 (39.12%) 412 (5.97%) ᪥ ᮏ 㡑 ᅜ ୰ ᅜ ⱥ ᅜ ࢻࢶ ࢫ࣌ࣥ ࢝ࢼࢲ ࣓ࣜ࢝ ྜ ィ 19 Ꮫ㝔ಟ 8122 ⾲㸱 ᅇ⟅⪅ࡢᒃఫᙧែ ᅜ ୍ேఫࡲ࠸ ᐙ᪘ྠᒃ ࡑࡢ ྜ ィ ᪥ ᮏ 260 (21.29%) 949 (77.72%) 12 ( 0.98%) 㡑 ᅜ 76 (12.40%) 520 (84.83%) 17 ( 2.77%) 613 ୰ ᅜ 85 (13.26%) 428 (66.77%) 128 (19.97%) 641 ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ 52 (10.97%) 362 (76.37%) 60 (12.66%) 474 120 (19.17%) 416 (66.45%) 90 (14.38%) 626 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ 88 (15.12%) 375 (64.43%) 119 (20.45%) 582 ⱥ ᅜ 86 (15.58%) 351 (63.59%) 115 (20.83%) 552 ࢻࢶ 166 (30.18%) 309 (56.18%) 75 (13.64%) 550 47 ( 8.61%) 461 (84.43%) 38 ( 6.96%) 546 ࢝ࢼࢲ 176 (28.66%) 354 (57.65%) 84 (13.68%) 614 ࣓ࣜ࢝ 106 (19.56%) 355 (65.50%) 81 (14.94%) 542 ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ 29 ( 5.28%) 498 (90.71%) 22 ( 4.01%) 549 ࣈࣛࢪࣝ 76 (12.42%) 503 (82.19%) 33 ( 5.39%) 612 ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ ࢫ࣌ࣥ ྜ ィ 㻌 1367 (16.83%) 5881 (72.41%) 874 (10.76%) 1221 8122 㻌 ⾲䠐㻌 ᅇ⟅⪅䛾ಙ௮䛾᭷↓㻌 ᅜ ᪥ ᮏ ࠶ࡾ 154 (12.61%) ࡞ࡋ ࢃࡽ࡞࠸㸭 1017 (83.29%) ⟅࠼࡞࠸ 50 (4.10%) ྜ ィ 1221 㻌 㡑 ᅜ 290 (47.31%) 293 (47.80%) 30 (4.89%) 613 ୰ ᅜ 154 (24.02%) 458 (71.45%) 29 (4.52%) 641 ༡ࣇࣜ࢝ 390 (82.28%) 69 (14.56%) 15 (3.16%) 474 ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ 321 (51.28%) 233 (37.22%) 72 (11.50%) 626 ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ 266 (45.70%) 257 (44.16%) 59 (10.14%) 582 ⱥ ᅜ 247 (44.75%) 251 (45.47%) 54 (9.78%) 552 ࢻࢶ 277 (50.36%) 228 (41.45%) 45 (8.18%) 550 ࢫ࣌ࣥ 316 (57.88%) 175 (32.05%) 55 (10.07%) 546 ࢝ࢼࢲ 352 (57.33%) 203 (33.06%) 59 (9.61%) 614 ࣓ࣜ࢝ 411 (75.83%) 99 (18.27%) 32 (5.90%) 542 ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ 462 (84.15%) 70 (12.75%) 17 (3.10%) 549 ࣈࣛࢪࣝ 478 (78.10%) 80 (13.07%) 54 (8.82%) 612 4118 (50.70%) 3433 (42.27%) 571 (7.03%) ྜ ィ 20 8122 㻌 㻌 ⾲㸳 ࠕே⏕‶㊊ᗘࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㡯 ┠ F1 ඹ㏻ᛶ ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕே⏕‶㊊ᗘࠖ ǂ=.824 3 య࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡢே⏕ࡣ⌮㏆࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ .806 .650 1 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࡢே⏕‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .798 .636 2 ⚾ࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃࡣ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ .655 .429 5 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⚾ࡣᮃࢇࡔࡶࡢࡣᡭධࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ .655 .428 4 ࡶ࠺୍ᗘே⏕ࢆࡸࡾ┤ࡍࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ⚾ࡣኚ࠼ࡓ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡇࢁࡣࢇ࡞࠸ࠋ .572 .327 ᐤ ᐤ⋡㸦㸣㸧 2.471 49.419 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ2 (5)㸻45.88㸦p<.001㸧 ⾲㸴 ࠕ᭷⬟ឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㡯 ┠ F1 ඹ㏻ᛶ ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕ᭷⬟ឤࠖ ǂ=.669 6 ᭱ᚋࡣࡁࡗኻᩋ⤊ࢃࡿ࠸࠺Ᏻࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ .745 .556 3 ⮬ศࡢຊࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ࠋ .583 .340 㸫.517 .267 2 ⮬ศ୍ே࡛ⱞࡋࡴࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ .462 .213 1 ⮬ศࡢຊ࡛ษࡾᢤࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㸫.428 .183 4 ࠸ࡘࡶࡲࢃࡾࡢㄡࡀຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋ 㸫.213 .046 5 ᭱ᚋࡣࡁࡗሗࢃࢀࡿࡀ᮶ࡿࠋ ᐤ ᐤ⋡㸦㸣㸧 1.604 26.733 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ2 (9)=42.74㸦p<.001㸧 ⾲㸵 ࠕ⏕ឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㻌 㻌 㡯 ┠ F1 㻌 㻌 ඹ㏻ᛶ 㻌 ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕ⏕ឤࠖ ǂ=.803 1 ⚾ࡣୡࡢ୰㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .710 .504 5 ⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛⮬ศࡀࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .616 .379 8 ⚾ࡣ࿘ᅖࡢ⏕ࡁ≀ㄪࡋ࡚⏕ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .593 .351 4 ⚾ࡣࡳࢇ࡞࠺ࡲࡃࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .583 .340 7 ⚾ࡣࡇࡢᆅ⌫ࡢࡓࡵఱࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ .557 .310 9 ⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛⏕ࡁ≀ࢆᖾࡏࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ .554 .306 3 ⚾ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡇࢀ࠸ࡗ࡚⏕⏘ⓗ࡞ࡇࢆࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ 㸫.510 .261 6 ⚾ࡀ࠸࡞࠸᪉ࡀୡࡢ୰ࡣ࠺ࡲࡃᅇࡿࠋ 㸫.479 .229 2 ⚾ࡀ࠸࡚ࡶ࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢୡ⏺ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ 㸫.471 .222 ᐤ ᐤ⋡㸦㸣㸧 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ2 (27)=429.15 (p<.001㸧 21 2.902 㻌 32.343 㻌 ⾲㸶 ࠕ㐩ᡂឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㡯 ┠ ඹ㏻ᛶ F1 ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕ㐩ᡂឤࠖ ǂ=.558 2 ♫ࡢ୰࡛⮬ศࡣఱᙺ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .551 .303 1 ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࢇ࡞ࡇ࡛ࡶࡓ࠸࡚࠸⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ .515 .265 3 ♫ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ♫ࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ .479 .230 4 ⮬ศࡢຊ࡛ఱࢆᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡿࠊᖾࡏ࡞Ẽᣢࡕ࡞ࡿࠋ .422 .178 ᐤ ᐤ⋡㸦㸣㸧 0.976 24.399 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ2 (2)㸻22.25㸦p<.001㸧 ⾲㸷 ࠕே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㡯 ┠ F1 ඹ㏻ᛶ ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕே୪ࡳᖾ⚟ឤࠖ ǂ=.911 2 ㌟㏆࡞ேࡓࡕ୪ࡳࡢᖾࡏࢆᡭࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋ .845 .714 1 ࡲࢃࡾࡢேࡓࡕྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ᖾࡏࡔᛮ࠺ࠋ .824 .679 3 ࡲࢃࡾࡢேࡓࡕྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ࠊࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .809 .655 9 ࡲࢃࡾࡢே୪ࡳࡢ⏕άࡣᡭධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ಙࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ .792 .627 6 ᖹซࡔࡀᏳᐃࡋࡓ᪥ࠎࢆ㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .754 .569 4 ᐙ᪘ࡸ㐩ࡢࢇࡧࡾ㐣ࡈࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .674 .454 8 ࡲࢃࡾࡢᶆ‽ࡽእࢀ࡚ࠊ୍ேᖾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸫.668 .446 5 ษ࡞ேࢆᖾࡏࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋ .623 .388 7 ࡁ࡞ᝎࡳࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ .613 .375 ᐤ ᐤ⋡㸦㸣㸧 4.908 54.529 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ (27)㸻204.93 (p<.001㸧 2㻌 ⾲ ࠕᩍ⫱ᖾ⚟ࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㡯 ┠ F1 F2 ඹ㏻ᛶ ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕᩍ⫱ࡼࡿᖾ⚟ࠖ ǂ=.833 8 ⚾ࡀཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ⚾ࢆᖾ⚟ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .867 㸫.025 .753 6 ⚾ࡀཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ⚾ࡢ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .762 .007 .580 7 ⚾ࡀཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓᩍ⫱ࡣࠊ⚾ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㇏ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .747 .022 .558 5 ᩍ⫱ࡢຊࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㇏࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࢆసࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ .006 .801 .641 9 ᩍ⫱ࡢຊࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶே㛫ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡣࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡿࠋ .030 .770 .592 㸫.033 .758 .577 ➨ 2 ᅉᏊࠕᩍ⫱࡞ࡋࡢᖾ⚟ࠖ ǂ=.819 10 ᩍ⫱ࡢຊࡀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶேࡣᖾࡏ࡞ࢀࡿࠋ ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵 㸫.030 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ2㻌 (4)=9.72 (p<.05㸧 22 ⾲ ࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱㄆ▱ࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㡯 ┠ F1 F2 ඹ㏻ᛶ F3 㻌 ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱㄆ▱㸸ឤࠖ ǂ=.637 8 ⚾ࡣࡓࡧࡓࡧࠊ⮬ศࡢࡢឤࡘ࠸࡚⪃࠼ࡿࠋ .810 .007 㸫.118 .625 3 ⚾ࡣࡓࡧࡓࡧࠊ⮬ศࡀᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼࡾࡶᖾࡏឤࡌࡿࡁ࠺ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ .558 㸫.091 .059 .295 9 ⮬ศࡀᖾࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡽࡑࢀศࡿࠋ .466 .069 㸫.011 .245 5 ᖾ࡞Ẽศࡢࡁࠊࡑࡢཎᅉࡘ࠸࡚ᐈほⓗ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ .349 .080 .260 .280 .225 㸫.019 .101 .068 㸫.006 .841 㸫.074 .662 㸫.023 .574 .080 .360 .005 .444 .031 .211 㸫.007 .023 .829 .699 .024 -.008 .680 .466 6 ⮬ศࡗ࡚ࠊࠕᖾࠖࠕᝒࡋࡳࠖࠕᝒჃࠖ࡞ࡢゝⴥࡣࠊ᫂ࡽ㐪࠺ពࢆ ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㻌 ➨ 2 ᅉᏊࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱㄆ▱㸸ุ᩿ᇶ‽ࠖ ǂ㸻.641 4 ⚾ࡣ࿘ࡾࡢேࢆᖾࡏࡍࡿࡁࠊ⮬ศࡶᖾࡏ࡞Ẽศ࡞ࡿࠋ 7 ࡶࡋࠊ⮬ศࡢ࿘ࡾࡢேࠎࡀᖾࡏࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣ⮬ศࡶᖾࡏឤࡌࡿ ࡁⰋ࠸ೃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 1 ᖾ⚟ᛮ࠺࠺ࡣ⮬ศࡢᛮ࠸ḟ➨ࡔࠋ 㻌 ➨ 3 ᅉᏊࠕᖾ⚟࣓ࢱㄆ▱㸸⤫ไࠖ ǂ㸻.727 10 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࢆඖẼ࡙ࡅࡿࡣ࠺ࡍࢀࡤⰋ࠸ࢆṇ☜ศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 2 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࡀ࠺ࡍࢀࡤᖾࡏࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿṇ☜ศࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅉᏊ㛫┦㛵 F1 F2 .398 F3 .253 .380 㻌 㻌 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ㻌 Ȥ2 (18)=38.93㻌 䠄p<.01䠅㻌 ⾲ ࠕ⮬ᑛᚰࠖࡢᅉᏊศᯒ⤖ᯝ 㡯 ┠ F1 ඹ㏻ᛶ ➨ 1 ᅉᏊࠕ⮬ᑛᚰࠖ ǂ=.865 7 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࡢࡇࢆ↓⏝ࡢே㛫ࡔࠎឤࡌࡿࠋ .732 .536 4 ⚾ࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞࠸Ẽࡀࡍࡿࠋ .703 .494 3 య࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࢆே⏕ࡢⴠః⪅ࡔᛮ࠸ࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ .700 .489 9 ࠎ⚾ࡣࡃࡢࢁࡃ࡛࡞ࡋࡔᛮ࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ .684 .468 㸫.674 .455 㸫.633 .401 1 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࡀከࡃࡢ㛗ᡤࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᛮ࠺ࠋ 㸫.610 .372 5 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ᑐࡋ࡚⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸫.538 .289 㸫.515 .265 .448 .201 8 యⓗ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 10 ⚾ࡣ⮬ศࢆ౯್࠶ࡿே㛫ࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࡶேྠ⛬ᗘ౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿே㛫ࡔᛮ࠺ࠋ 2 ⚾ࡣࡢࢇࡢேࡓࡕྠࡌࡃࡽ࠸ࡢࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ 6 ⚾ࡣࡶࡗ⮬ᑛᚰࡀࡶ࡚ࢀࡤ࠸࠸ࡢ࡞ᛮ࠺ࠋ ᐤ ᐤ⋡㸦㸣㸧 㐺ྜᗘ᳨ᐃ Ȥ2 (35)㸻702.95 (p<.001㸧 23 3.97 39.703 24 ៊៎៎័ំំំូ ៊៏៌៎ំំំូ ៊៍្៓ំំំូ ᵋᵌᵎᵒᵕᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៏៕ះូ ៉៊៍៏៕ំំំូ ៊៍៍្ំំំូ ៉៊៌្៓ំំូ ᵋᵌᵎᵑᵎᵈᵈ ៊៌៍៎ូ ៉៊៌្៎ំំូ ៉៊៌៍៎ូ ៉៊៍៍្ ូ ᵌᵎᵏᵕᴾ ៊៌៎៓ូ ៊៌៎៎ូ ៊៌។៑ំំូ ៉៊៌័៏ះូ ᵌᵎᵐᵐᵈᴾ ៊៌័្ំូ ៊៌៍៏ូ ៊៌៑៍ះូ ៉៊៌៌។ូ ᵌᵎᵓᵏᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៓៎ំំំូ ៊៌័៎ំូ ៊៌៍៌ូ ៊៌៓័ំំូ ៏៊៕៌ូោ៍៊៌៑ៅូ ័៊៎្ូោ៍៊៌៓ៅូ ័៊៎័ូោ៍៊៌្ៅូ ូ ᵑᵌᵔᵖᴾᵆᵎᵌᵕᵎᵇᴾ ៏៊្័ូោ៌៊្៓ៅូ ៏៊។៏ូោ៌៊្្ៅូ ៏៊៕៓ូោ៌៊៓៌ៅូ ៏៊៏័ូោ៌៊្៑ៅូ ᵑᵌᵕᵖᴾᵆᵎᵌᵕᵗᵇᴾ ៏៊៓។ូោ៌៊៓៓ៅូ ៏៊៓៑ូោ៌៊៓៓ៅូ ័៊៎្ូោ៌៊៓៑ៅូ ៏៊៑៌ូោ៌៊៓៏ៅូ ᵑᵌᵓᵕᴾᵆᵎᵌᵓᵑᵇᴾ ៏៊្៎ូោ៌៊៑័ៅូ ៏៊៑៓ូោ៌៊័។ៅូ ៏៊្។ូោ៌៊្៍ៅូ ៏៊័្ូោ៌៊័៕ៅូ ៍℆ᑠᏛᰯ៎℆୰Ꮫᰯូ ៏℆¬Ꮫᰯូ ័℆ᑓ࿋Ꮫᰯ¬ូ ៑℆▷ᮇᏛᏛូ ័៊ូ Ҝᑛᚰូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ៑៊ូ ᩍϡΎ ᖾ⚟ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ្៊ូ ᖾ⚟ ‽৶▱ូ ូ ូ ូ ្℆Ꮫ၄ូ ំំំូ ៉៊៌៑។ំូ ៉៊៌៌្ូ ៉៊៌័៕ំូ ᵌᵐᵏᵐᵈᵈᵈ ៊៎៑្ំំំូ ៉៊៌៑៎ ូ ំូ ៊៏៏៍ំំំូ ៊៍។្ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵎᵗᵓᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៍។ូ ᵋᵌᵎᵓᵒᵈᵈᵈ ៉៊៌៎៌ូ ៉៊៌៎៌ូ ៉៊៌៎្ូ ៉៊៌៍៌ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵋᵌᵎᵏᵑᴾ ៉៊៌៌្ូ ៎៊ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵒᵌᵎᵗᴾᵆᵏᵌᵎᵖᵇᴾ ័៊៍៌ូោ៍៊៌៕ៅូ ូ ៍៊ូ ᛶូ ูូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ៎៊ូ ᖺᔻúᅖូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ៏៊ូ Ꮫូ Ṕូ ៍៊ូ ូ ូ ៊៏៍៎ំំំូ ៊៌៕៌ំំូ ៉៊៌៕៎ំំូ ᵌᵏᵖᵖᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៍្័ំំំូ ៊័៎។ំំំូ ៊័៏៑ំំំូ ៊៏៑្ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵒᵑᵒᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏៕៕ំំំូ ូ ៊៍៌្ំំំូ ៊៌័៏ះូ ូ ៑៊ូ ូ ្៊ូ ូ ៓៊ូ ូ ។៊ូ ូ ៕៊ូ ូ ៍៌៊ូ ូ ៊៏៕៕ំំំូ ៊៏។៍ំំំូ ៊៎៏៑ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵑᵕᵑᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៏័ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ μᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ˳ᴾ 13 ᅜᜨn=8,122 ⁺⁕ 1୰ᅜ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢫ࣌ࣥ࢝ࢼࢲᜨn=2,427 ⁺⁕ 2༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻՕᅜࢻࢶ࣓ࣜ࢝ᜨn=2,700 ⁺⁕ 3࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝᜨn=1,161 ⁺⁕ 4᪥ᮏᅁᅜᜨn=1,834ូ ូ ័៊ូ ៉៊៌៍៓ូ ᵌᵎᵑᵏᵈᵈᴾ ៊៍័៌ំំំូ ៊៍្។ំំំូ ៊៌៏្ូ ៊៍៌៌ំំំូ ᵌᵏᵐᵏᵈᵈᵈ ៊៍៑៕ំំំូ ៊៌័៑ះូ ៊៍៑៓ំំំូ ៊៌៓៑ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵎᵒᵖᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌័្ំូ ៏៊ូ ྛᑻᗘ࠾ࡼࡧྛᑻᗘࢹࣔࢢࣛࣇࢵࢡኚᩘࡢ┦ ៩០ូ ࢢ 25 ៊៌្្ំំូ ំំំ ៊៍៌៏ ូ ៉៊៌្។ំំូ ៏៊៓៑ូោ៌៊្៑ៅូ ៏៊៕៍ូោ៌៊៓័ៅូ ៏៊៏័ូោ៌៊្៏ៅូ ៊៍៕។ំំំូ ៏៊៓៏ូោ៌៊៑៑ៅូ ៏៊៑្ូោ៌៊។។ៅូ ៎៊៓៎ូោ៌៊៓៍ៅូ ៏៊៎៏ូោ៌៊។៍ៅូ ᵌᵎᵏᵕᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៓។ំំំូ ៊៌៌៑ូ ៊៌័៎ូ ៉៊៌៌៕ូ ᵌᵎᵒᵔᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៑័ំំូ ៊៌្។ំំំូ ៊៌៌័ូ ៊៌័។ំូ ៊៌្៎ំំូ ៊ᵕᵑᵎ ៊៓៍័ំំំូ ៊៑៎។ំំំូ ៊័៏៑ំំំូ ៊័្៑ំំំូ ៊៌៓៏ំូ ៊៌៎។ូ ᵌᵓᵏᵖᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៑៌ំំំូ ៊័៑៑ំំំូ ៊៑៓៌ំំំូ ៊្៌័ំំំូ ៊័៕្ំំំូ ៊៑៌្ំំំូ ᵌᵓᵒᵕᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៑៑័ំំំូ ៊័៏៏ំំំូ ៊៓៍៕ ូ ៊៓៍។ំំំូ ᵌᵓᵐᵔᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៑៏ំំំូ ំំំ ៊្៓័ំំំូ ៊័៎្ំំំូ ៊៏។៍ំំំូ ៊៏័។ំំំូ ᵌᵒᵑᵖᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៏៍ំំំូ ៊័័្ំំំូ ៊័៑្ំំំូ ៊៏័៕ំំំូ ៊៓្៌ំំំូ ៊៑៑៍ំំំូ ᵌᵒᵐᵖᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៕៑ំំំូ ៊័៑។ំំំូ ៊៑្៕ ូ ៊័៕៕ំំំូ ᵌᵔᵎᵐᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៑៕័ំំំូ ំំំ ៊័៍។ំំំូ ᵌᵓᵑᵎ ៊៑៌៏ំំំូ ᵈᵈᵈᴾ ᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏្៎ំំំូ ៊៏្៎ ូ ំំំ ៊៏័្ំំំូ ៊ᵑᵗᵔᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏្៏ំំំូ ៊្៑៎ំំំូ ៊៓៍៏ ូ ំំំ ៊៓៏៏ំំំូ ៊ᵕᵑᵏᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៓៍្ំំំូ ៊៌៏៎ូ ᵌᵎᵏᵓᴾ ៊៌៌័ូ ៊៍៌៎ំំូ ៊៌័៎ះូ ៉៊៌៍៑ូ ៏៊៑្ូោ៌៊។។ៅូ ៎៊៓៎ូោ៌៊៓៍ៅូ ᵑᵌᵏᵔᴾᵆᵎᵌᵖᵓᵇᴾ ៏៊៎៏ូោ៌៊។័ៅូ ៊៍៍៌ំំំូ ៊៌៏័ូ ៊៌៑៎ំំូ ៏៊៎៏ូោ៌៊។៍ៅូ ᵌᵎᵑᵖᵈᵈᴾ ៊៌៎៕ូ ៊៍៎្ំំំូ ៊៌័។ូ ៊៌័័ំូ ៊៍៍៍ ូ ៊៌៎៎ូ ᵌᵎᵒᵗᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌។៓ំំំូ ំំំ ៊៌៕៌ំំំូ ៊៌៎។ូ ៊៍៓៓ំំំូ ៊៌័៑ះូ ᵌᵎᵗᵕᵈᵈᵈ ៊៍៏៌ំំំូ ៊៌។៑ំំូ ៉៊៌៑្ំូ ᵌᵎᵒᵑᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៑៏ំំូ ័៊័៍ូោ៌៊្។ៅូ ៏៊្៌ូោ៌៊៑្ៅូ ᵑᵌᵏᵔᴾᵆᵎᵌᵖᵓᵇᴾ ៏៊៎៏ូោ៌៊។័ៅូ ᵈᵈᵈ ᵌᵎᵓᵔ ៊៌៕។ំំំូ ៉៊៌៌។ូ ៊៍៎៑ ូ ំំំ ៊៌័៓ំូ ᵌᵎᵐᵔᵈᴾ ៊៌៏៑ះូ ៊៍៍័ំំំូ ៉៊៌៍៕ូ ៊៌៏៍ូ ័៊៍៑ូោ៌៊៑៌ៅូ ៊៎័៑ ូ ៊៍៏្ំំំូ ᵌᵎᵔᵑᵈᵈᵈ ៊៍្៎ំំំូ ៊៌្្ ូ ៉៊៌៓៏ំំូ ᵌᵎᵐᵖᵈᴾ ៊៌្៕ំំូ ំំំ ៊៍៍័ំំំូ ᵌᵏᵑᵑ ៊៍៕័ំំំូ ᵈᵈᵈ ៊៌៕័ំំំូ ៊៎៍្ ូ ំំំ ៊៌៕៕ំំំូ ᵌᵏᵏᵒᵈᵈᵈ ៊៍៏៓ំំំូ ័៊៌៎ូោ៌៊្៏ៅូ ៏៊៎៎ូោ៌៊៑៓ៅូ ᵒᵌᵎᵑᴾᵆᵎᵌᵔᵑᵇᴾ ័៊៌័ូោ៌៊្៍ៅូ ំ ᵌᵎᵒᵑ ៊៌៓៕ំំំូ ᵑᵌᵔᵒᴾᵆᵎᵌᵔᵑᵇᴾ ៏៊្៕ូោ៌៊៑។ៅូ ᵈᵈᵈ ᵌᵎᵑᵒᵈᵈᴾ ៊៌័៏ំូ ᵑᵌᵔᵑᴾᵆᵎᵌᵔᵗᵇᴾ ៏៊៑។ូោ៌៊្។ៅូ ៊៎្័ំំំូ ៊៎៑័ំំំូ ៊៌៕៎ំំំូ ᵌᵐᵑᵐᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៎័៑ំំំូ ៊៏៍្ំំំូ ៊៏៌៏ំំំូ ៊៍៑។ំំំូ ៊័៌៏ំំំូ ៊័៓័ំំំូ ᵌᵐᵗᵑᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏។៍ំំំូ ៊៏៑៎ំំំូ ៊៎៑៌ ូ ៊័៌័ំំំូ ᵌᵒᵑᵒᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័្្ំំំូ ំំំ ៊៎្៏ំំំូ ᵌᵑᵒᵔᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏៓៍ំំំូ ៊៏័៑ំំំូ ៊៌៓៕ំំូ ៊៍័៓ំំំូ ᵌᵐᵎᵓᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៍។៌ំំំូ ៊៏៏៌ំំំូ ៊៏។៍ំំំូ ៊័៑៕ំំំូ ᵌᵒᵒᵐᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏។៏ំំំូ ៊៏។។ំំំូ ៊៑៌្ំំំូ ៊៑៎៑ំំំូ ៊័៏។ំំំូ ៊័៓៑ំំំូ ᵌᵒᵖᵐᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័។៕ំំំូ ៊័៎៌ំំំូ ៊្៑។ំំំូ ៊្័៏ំំំូ ᵌᵒᵗᵎᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៍។ំំំូ ៊្៏៑ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵔᵕᵒᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊្៑្ំំំូ ៊៑៏្ំំំូ ៊័៑។ំំំូ ៊៑៏្ំំំូ ᵌᵓᵔᵐᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័។័ំំំូ ៊៑្។ំំំូ ៊៑័៏ំំំូ ៊៑។្ំំំូ ៊្៍្ំំំូ ៊៑្័ំំំូ ᵌᵓᵒᵗᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៑។៕ំំំូ ៊៑៍៍ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵔᵑᵑᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៑។៌ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ៊៏៓។ំំំូ ៊៏៍័ំំំូ ៊៎៏៏ំំំូ ᵌᵑᵖᵒᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊៏៍៍ំំំូ ៊័៍្ំំំូ ៊័៌័ំំំូ ៊៏៍។ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ᵌᵑᵖᵒᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊័៏៕ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ៊្៏៕ំំំូ ៊៑។៏ំំំូ ៊្្៕ំំំូ ᵌᵔᵑᵓᵈᵈᵈᴾ ៊្។៑ំំំូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ὀᜨᩘᏐࡣୖࡽయn=8,122 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ 1୰ᅜ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜࢫ࣌ࣥ࢝ࢼࢲ: n=2,427 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ 2༡ࣇࣜ࢝ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻՕᅜ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ 3࣓࢟ࢩࢥࣈࣛࢪࣝᜨn=1,161 ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ 4᪥ᮏᅁᅜᜨn=1,834 ࢻࢶ࣓ࣜ࢝ᜨn=2,700 ំំំ ᠌ូ៘ូ៊៌៌៍ៈូ ូ ំំ᠌ូ៘ូ៊៌៍ៈូ ូ ំ᠌ូ៘ូ៊៌៑ៈូះូ᠌ូ៘ូ៊៍៌ូ ូ ៍៍៊ូ ே⏕‶ᗘូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ៓៊ូ ᭷Џឤូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ។៊ូ ⏕ឤូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ៕៊ូ ങᡂឤូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ៍៌៊ូ ே୪ᖾ⚟ឤូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ࢢ ៍័ូ ូ ១០ ຍ┕ᅜ΅Ҝẅ⋡țও៍៌ ேᙜ῟ ேᩘ ᅠូ ូ ᅜូ ូ యូ ⏨ូ ᛶូ ዪូ ᛶូ ᅁូ ᅜូ ‵†ូ ⁍ⁱ⁺ូ ᪥ូ ᮏូ ⁓‡ⁱⁱ⁇ូ ‷⁗⁉†ូ …‷⁆⁉†ូ ⁗⁺ូ ‷•‷ូ ⁓ⁱ‷ូ ⁛⁺ⁱ⁇ូ ⁺‷⁆†ូ ‿‥‱ូ ᵭᵣᵡᵢ רᴾ †•ⁱ⁇ូ ⁉⁺‶⁺ⁱ⁇ូ ‷‥⁺⁅ⁱូ ‿ូ ⁌․‥⁺ូ † ូ †•‷ⁱ⁇ូ ⁈‾ូ ⁅ⁱ⁜⁺ូ ‷⁎ូ† ⁇•⁂ូ ⁱ‾ូ ‹ⁱ⁔ូ ⁺‷⁆†ូ ⁛⁆ូ Օូ ᅜូ ‷⁘•ⁱូ •‷…ូ •‽†ូ ‵‱ូ ‵†ូ সᜨኴᏐࡣࠊᮏ◊"ࡢਚᰝᑐᅜOECD ຍ┕ᅜ 26 ᏋƷщᲛ ᏋƷщ ᚰῌά῍ ᭷Џឤ ᖾ⚟ឤ ᚰῌ ṚῬ ↓Џឤ ങᡂឤ ឤ ⏕ឤ ᢡឤ Ṛ⁛ឤ δᇜᖋࢳẆἛἳἋἘỵἕἁὉỳỶỼἾὅἋ ẟẳỜ ɧႇఄ ఄϋ୧щ ẟẳỜẆɧႇఄẆఄϋ୧щ ᩼ᘍẆཛፕẆἴἻἽὉἡἈὊἛ ؏עኣʗẆʗẆؾᄊْ… ᅗ ᮏ◊"΅ᴫᛕᅗ 5.0 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 ே ⏕ ‶ ᗘ 3.8 3.6 34 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 ᪥ ᅁ ୰ ᮏ ᅜ ᅜ ༡ י ، ء ע ס خ װ ؠ ء י خ ׯ خ ؠ ة Օ ᅜ כ װ ؑ כ ة ע י ؘ ء ע ؘ פ ת ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ᅗ ே⏕‶ᗘᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 27 5.0 ⏨ᛶ 4.8 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 ᭷ Џ ឤ 2.8 26 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 18 1.8 1.6 ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ע י ؘ ء ע ؘ פ ת כ װ ؑ כ ة خ ׯ خ ؠ ة Օ ᅜ ס خ װ ؠ ء י ༡ י ، ء ע ୰ ᅁ ᪥ ᅜ ᅜ ᮏ ᅗ ᭷Џឤᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 50 5.0 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 42 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 34 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ؘ פ ת י ؘ ء ע ע װ ؑ כ ة כ Օ ᅜ خ ׯ خ ؠ ة ס خ װ ؠ ء י ༡ י ، ء ע ୰ ᅁ ᪥ ᅜ ᅜ ᮏ ᅗ℀ ⏕ឤᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 28 ⏕ ឤ 5.2 ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 36 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 ങ ᡂ ឤ 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ؘ פ ת י ؘ ء ע ע װ ؑ כ ة כ Օ ᅜ خ ׯ خ ؠ ة ס خ װ ؠ ء י ༡ י ، ء ע ୰ ᅁ ᪥ ᅜ ᅜ ᮏ ᅗ℁ ങᡂឤᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 5.0 ⏨ᛶ 4.8 ዪᛶ 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ؘ פ ת י ؘ ء ע ע װ ؑ כ ة כ Օ ᅜ خ ׯ خ ؠ ة ס خ װ ؠ ء י ༡ י ، ء ע ୰ ᅁ ᪥ ᅜ ᅜ ᮏ ᅗℂ ே୪ᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 29 ே ୪ ׀ ᖾ ⚟ ឤ 5.2 ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ 50 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 42 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 34 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 26 2.6 2.4 2.2 ᩍ ϡ ֬ ᖾ ⚟ 2.0 18 1.8 1.6 ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ؘ פ ת י ؘ ء ע ע װ ؑ כ ة כ Օ خ ׯ خ ؠ ة ᅜ ס خ װ ؠ ء י ༡ י ، ء ע ୰ ᅁ ᪥ ᅜ ᅜ ᮏ ᅗ℃ ᩍϡΎ ᖾ⚟ᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 50 5.0 ⏨ᛶ 4.8 ዪᛶ 4.6 4.4 42 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 34 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 26 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ؘ פ ת י ؘ ء ע ע װ ؑ כ ة כ Օ خ ׯ خ ؠ ة ᅜ ס خ װ ؠ ء י ༡ י ، ء ע ୰ ᅁ ᪥ ᅜ ᅜ ᮏ ᅗ℄ ᖾ⚟ ‽৶▱ᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 30 ᖾ ⚟ ‽ ৶ ▱ 5.0 ⏨ᛶ 4.8 ዪᛶ 4.6 4.4 42 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 Ҝ ᑛ ᚰ 34 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 26 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 ᪥ ᮏ ᅁ ᅜ ୰ ᅜ ༡ י ، ء ע ס خ װ ؠ ء י خ ׯ خ ؠ ة Օ ᅜ כ װ ؑ כ ة ע י ؘ ء ע ؘ פ ת ؍ ؠ ׯ آ ᅗ℅ Ҝᑛᚰᑻᗘ΅ᅜู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 48 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 ே ⏕ ‶ ᗘ 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 22 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ10 ே⏕‶ᗘᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 31 4.8 ⏨ᛶ ዪᛶ 4.6 4.4 42 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 ᭷ Џ ឤ 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 22 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ11 ᭷Џឤᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 48 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 ⏕ ឤ 3.4 3.2 3.0 28 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ12 ⏕ឤᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 32 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 ങ ᡂ ឤ 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 22 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ13 ങᡂឤᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 ே ୪ ׀ ᖾ ⚟ ឤ 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 22 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ14 ே୪ᖾ⚟ឤᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 33 ⏨ᛶ 4.8 ዪᛶ 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 ᩍ ϡ ֬ ᖾ ⚟ 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 28 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ15 ᩍϡΎ ᖾ⚟ᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ ⏨ᛶ 48 4.8 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 ᖾ ⚟ ؘ ৶ ▱ 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 22 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ16 ᖾ⚟ ‽৶▱ᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ 34 4.8 ⏨ᛶ 4.6 ዪᛶ 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 Ҝ ᑛ ᚰ 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 22 2.2 2.0 18Ͳ25ṓ 40Ͳ49ṓ 60ṓ௨ୖ ᅗ17 Ҝᑛᚰᑻᗘ΅ᖺᔻู⁹⏨ዪู΅Ȇᯝᖹᆒ್Ῠᶆ‽೫ᕪ Rescaled Distance Cluster Combine ᅜ ‷⁆† ⁺‷⁆† ⁈‾ ୰ ᅜ ‷⁘•ⁱ ⁉⁺‶⁺ⁱ⁇ Օ ᅜ † ⁇•⁂ ༡†⁓ ‵‱ ⁔‶ ᪥ ᮏ ᅁ ᅜ ᅗ៍។ ‷‽⁺ศᯒ៳᠀ἲ⁹ᖹ᪉⁺⁁⁇கႣ΅Ȇᯝ 35 36 ᛶ ู Ꮫ Ṕ .02 .19 19*** .33*** ≐.05* †‣•“““ ᖺ ᔻ †․․“““ .24 24*** .27*** .26*** .20*** †‣ “““ .22*** .15*** .14*** .26 26*** †․ “““ .27*** .21 21*** .40*** .26*** † ‣“““ .70*** .78*** .64 64*** .69*** ᭷Џឤ † “““ .74*** .79*** .70*** .73*** ⏕ឤ † “““ .85*** .82*** .85*** .83*** ᖾ⚟ឤ † …“““ .70*** .69*** .60*** .66*** †‥ “““ .16*** .27 27*** .28*** .27*** ങᡂឤ † •“““ .66*** .57*** .74*** .67*** ᖾ⚟ឤ G4᪥ᮏᅁᅜ n=1,819 G3 ‵‱ ⁔‶ n=1,064 G3 ‵‱⁔‶ =1 064 G2 NZՕů⊂༡†n=2,553 n=2,353 G1ຍ୰ࢫ࣌ࣥ „ ே⏕‶ᗘ μ˳≋‣‥⇑≌ †…‣“““ .57*** .48*** .47*** .40*** ே୪ᖾ⚟ឤ ᅗ19 ඹศᩓᵓศᯒ΅Ȇᯝᶆ‽᥎ᐃ್ ᖾ⚟ ‽৶▱ †‥ “““ .43*** .24*** .38*** .40*** ᩍϡΎ ᖾ⚟ †……“““ .39*** .38*** .41*** .44*** Ҝᑛᚰ ፹ኚᩘ ὀ1℆പྜᗘ`యศᯒ℆₦240℉2355.934p < .001, GFI=.951AGFI=.918CFI=.929RMSEA=.086 ከẕႏᅋྠศᯒ℆₦2160℉2950.450p < .001, GFI=.937AGFI=.896CFI=.910RMSEA=.047 ὀ2℆ᩘᏐ`ୖΉ య13 ᅜ ⁺⁕1 ⁺‷⁆† ὀ2℆ᩘᏐ`ୖΉ య13 ᅜ ⁕1 ‷⁆† ⁈‾୰ᅜ ⁈‾ ୰ᅜ ‷⁘•ⁱ ‷⁘•ⁱ ⁺⁕2⁉⁺‶⁺ ⁕2⁉ ‶ ⁱ⁇Օᅜ† ⁇•⁂༡†⁓ ⁺⁕3 ‵‱⁔‶⁺⁕4᪥ᮏᅁᅜ ὀ3℆***p < .001**p < .01 ὀ4℆ਇᕪኚᩘ`┬␎ῗ῟ †•‧ •‧“““ .05** .04* ≐.01 .08** †‣․“““ .16*** .10*** .04 .17*** ⁅⁁‡⁓ ኚᩘ ே⏕५ពઁਚᰝ ࡇࡢਚᰝࡣᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞␗ᩥਚᰝ◊"ࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡲࡍࠋ ၥᅟ┠ࡣࡺࡗࡃࡾµ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚Ȇᵓ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊಶࠎࡢၥ ᅟ┠ṇࡋ࠸µ࠼ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࡇࡢਚᰝࡣቲ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋಶࠎࡢ ၥᅟ┠ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿးࡾࡼࡃͳ࠼ࠊṇ┤࠾µ࠼ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋਚᰝࡼࡗ ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓಶேࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᏛ◊"௨እࡢ┠ⓗ⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣ୍ษ࠶ ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ ࡇࡢਚᰝࡋ࡚࠾ၥ࠸ྜࢃࡏࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣ௨ୗ࠾ᆚ࠸ࡋࡲࡍࠋ ிᏛᏛ၄ᩍϡᏛ◊"⛉ ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ&2(ᣐⅬ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ᩍ ᤵ ᏊᏳ ቑ⏕ (PDLO +*%#QLIW\FRP ࡇࡢਚᰝࡣᜡࡘࡢࢱࣉࡢၥᙧᘧࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௨ୗࡢࢆཧͳࡋ࡚࠾µ࠼ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 1: ῏ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ ῂ ῾ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ Ῡ ῡ Ῠ ῄ Ὲ Ὺ ῄ Ή Ὺ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ ჰ ᖖ Ύ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ ⚾`᪩ୣ῍ῌᚓពῠᾩ ⚾`᪩ୣ῍ῌᚓពῠ 1 2 3 4 5 2: ⚾ῌ୍␒ዲ῍Ὺᅒᴦ΅‶ⁱ`: ⁁ ; ‵⁁ 3: ⚾`ᾧᾧങῨ୍ɤΎῄᾧᾧᾧᾧῨ῍Ύᅒᴦ‒θ῏΅ῌዲ῍ῠᾩ 37 ‰… ⁐⁁⁕⁙⁁⁕ ‶‸ ៥៊ូ ḟ΅ᩥf‒–ῧ᭱ ῏ῂῦ`῾ ΅΅␒ྕΎ៍ῤṯ‒ῤῑῦ῏ῠῄᾩ ῏ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ ῂ ῾ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ Ῡ ῡ Ῠ ῄ Ὲ Ὺ ῄ Ή Ὺ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ ჰ ᖖ Ύ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ 1. ᩍϡ΅ຊῌῪ῏ῦ િΉῪேಀ‒సΐῨ`ῧ῍ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 2. ⚾ῌῄῦ ῄῪ῏ῦ ᾨΐ΅ୡ⏺`ኚ Ὺῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 3. ῄΰ῟–Ỵ ῟ ྥΉῪῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 4. ⚾ῌཷῑῦ῍῟ᩍϡ`ᾨ⚾‒ᖾ⚟Ύῗῦ῏ῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 5. ⚾`ᾨఱΉ‒ῗ ῆῨỴ Ῠᾨ῝‒ጞ ΅ῌᚅῦῪῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 6. ᩍϡ΅ຊῌῪ῏ῦ ே`ᖾΊΎῪᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 7. ⚾`῟ῳ῟ῳᾨҜศ΅΅ឤΎῤῄῦͳῈᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 8. ⚾`Ҝศ‒౯್ῂேᾨᑡῪ῏Ῠ ேῨྠ⛬ᗘ౯್ῌῂேῠῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 9. ⚾`Ҝศ‒ඖẼῥῑΎ`ῩῆῙӻῄΉ‒ṇ☜ΎศΉΰῦῄᾩ Ҝศ Ẽ ῆῙ ӻ ☜ ศ 1 2 3 4 5 10. ῾΅ ே῟ῡῨྠῘ῏ ῄᖾΊῠῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 11. ⚾`Ҝศῌከ῏΅࿇ᡤ‒ᣢῡྜΊῦῄῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 12 ⚾`Ҝศ΅ே⏕Ύ‶ῗῦῄᾩ 12. 1 2 3 4 5 13. ┠ⓗ ᣢ῟Ὶே⏕‒ᨺᾉῙே ῄῌᾨ⚾`῝΅ ῆῪேῧ`Ὺῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 14. ఏಶῪே῟ῡ୪΅ᖾΊ‒ᡭΎῗῦῄῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 15. ⚾`ୡ΅୰Ύૹ⊩ῗῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 16. ῾΅ ே῟ῡῨྠῘ῏ ῄᾨ῝Ὺ Ύῆ῾῏ῄΰῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 17. ⚾ῌཷῑῦ῍῟ᩍϡ`ᾨ⚾΅Џຊ‒ ῦ῏ῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 18. ᖾ⚟ῨᛮῆΉῩῆΉ`Ҝศ΅ᛮῄḟῠᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 19. ⚾ῌཷῑῦ῍῟ᩍϡ`ᾨ⚾΅ேಀ‒િΉΎῗῦ῏ῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 20. ⚾`΅ΏῨ–Ῡ΅ே῟ῡῨྠῘ῏ ῄ΅ΐῨῌฟ᮶ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 21. Ҝศ΅ே⏕`ῆ῾῏ῄΰῦῄῠῆΉῨͳῈῨ῍Ύᾨ॒ೖΰ῟ᶵΎῤῄῦ ῂΐͳῈΐῨῌῂᾩ 22. ᐙ᪘Ῠ୍ɤΎᐙῧ‒ഓῙ΅ῌዲ῍ῠᾩ ᐙ᪘ ɤ ᐙ ഓῙ ዲ ῠ 38 ῏ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ ῂ ῾ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ Ῡ ῡ Ῠ ῄ Ὲ Ὺ ῄ Ή Ὺ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ ჰ ᖖ Ύ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ 23 ⚾`ҜศῌῩῆῙᖾΊ‒ឤῘΐῨῌῧ῍Ήṇ☜ΎศΉΰῦῄᾩ 23. ⚾`ҜศῌῩῆῙᖾΊ‒ឤῘΐῨῌῧ῍Ήṇ☜ΎศΉΰῦῄ 1 2 3 4 5 24. ᐙ᪘`௰ӻ῏ ΰῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 25. ⚾`῟ῳ῟ῳᾨҜศῌᛮΰῦῄ ᖾΊΎឤῘΌ῍ΉῩῆΉ‒ͳῈᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 26. ҜศҜఏῌዲ῍ῠᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 27. ⚾`࿘ ΅ே‒ᖾΊΎῙῨ῍ᾨҜศ ᖾΊῪẼศΎῪᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 28. యΎῊῄῦᾨ⚾`Ҝศ‒ே⏕΅ؐః͵ῠῨᛮῄῌῡῧῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 29. ᖾΊῨ`‷ῌῪῄ≧ែῠῨῊ ῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 30. ⚾Ύ`ῂ῾ ৲ ΅ῌῪῄẼῌῙᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 31. ⚾΅⏕ά⎔ቃ`Ǣᬕ ῗῄ ΅ῧῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 32. ⚾`ΐ῾ῧΐῨῄΰῦ⏕⏘ⓗῪΐῨ‒ῗῦΐῪΉΰ῟ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 33 యΎῊῄῦᾨ⚾΅ே⏕`⌮Ύಶῄ ΅ῧῂᾩ 33. యΎῊῄῦ ⚾΅ே⏕`⌮Ύಶῄ ΅ῧῂ 1 2 3 4 5 34. ᖾΊΎῪ῟ Ύ`ᾨ‷ῌῂΰῦ ‿ⁱ‶‒Ῑᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 35. ⚾`–ῪῨῆ῾῏ ΰῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 36. ᖾῪẼศ΅Ῠ῍ᾨ῝΅ཎᅉΎῤῄῦᐈ५ⓗΎͳῈ ῆΎῗῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 37. ᐙ᪘ ങῨ΅–ῳ ഓΊῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 38. ⚾`ΐ῾ῧҜศῌῗῦ῍῟ΐῨΎ‶ῗῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 39. ῠΉู΅ങῌῄῄῄ΅ΎῪῂῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 40. ⚾ῌῄῪῄ᪉ῌୡ΅୰`ῆ῾῏ᅇᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 41. ษῪே‒ᖾΊΎῗῦῄῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 42. ⚾`ಶᡤ΅ேῨ΅ῡ ΰῨῗ῟ Ῠ Ύ ᖾΊ‒ឤῘᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 43 ⚾`ҜศҜఏΎᑐῗῦϟᐃⓗῪែᗘ‒Ῠΰῦῄᾩ 43. ⚾`ҜศҜఏΎᑐῗῦϟᐃⓗῪែᗘ‒Ῠ ῦῄ 1 2 3 4 5 44. ᖹซῠῌᏳᐃῗ῟᪥ᾫ‒ഓῗῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 45. ᩍϡ΅ຊῌῪ῏ῦ ே΅ῧ῍ΐῨ`῟῏–ῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 46. ҜศΎῨΰῦᾨᾲᖾᾳᾲᝒῗᾳᾲᝒჃᾳῪῩ΅ؕ`ᾨ᫂ ΉΎചῆព‒ᣢΰ ῦῄᾩ ῦῄ 39 ῏ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ ῂ ῾ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ Ῡ ῡ Ῠ ῄ Ὲ Ὺ ῄ Ή Ὺ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ ჰ ᖖ Ύ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 49. ᫂ῗῦ ῈᾨῩ–ῪΐῨῧ ῟ῄῦῄ⌮ॾῧ῍ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 50. ⚾`ᾨᾨ୍᪥୍᪥‒⏕῍ῦῄ΅ῧῂΰῦᾨᑗ᮶΅ΐῨ‒῝῏ͳῈ῟ ῗῪῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 51. ≀‒॒῟ ५ᐹῗ῟ Ῑ Ҝศῧ ᴟⓗΎῙ᪉ῌዲ῍ῧῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 52. ῍Ὺᝎ`Ὺῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 53. ⚾΅ᬽ ῗῦῄሙᡤ`ᾨҜ↛΅୰Ύከ῏΅ᴦῗῄΐῨῌ॒ῄῠΊᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 54. ῆ୍ᗘே⏕‒ ┤ῙῨῗῦ ᾨ⚾Ύ`ኚῈ῟ῄῨᛮῆῨΐ`ΏῨ–ῩῪῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 55. ῾΅ ᶆ‽Ή እῦᾨ୍ேᖾῧῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 56. ♫΅୰ῧҜศ`ఱΉᙺΎWΰῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 57 ♫‒ኚῈῦῄΐῆῨῄῆẼᣢῡῌῂᾨ♫‒ኚῈΐῨῌῧ῍ᾩ 57. ♫‒ኚῈῦῄΐῆῨῄῆẼᣢῡῌῂ ♫‒ኚῈΐῨῌῧ῍ 1 2 3 4 5 58. Ҝศ΅ຊῧఱΉ‒ᡂῗഉῒῨᾨᖾΊῪẼᣢῡΎῪᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 59. ⚾`ΐ΅ᆅ⌫΅῟ ΎఱΉῙΐῨῌῧ῍ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 60. ⚾`࿘ᅖ΅⏕῍≀Ῠਚῗῦ⏕῍ῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 61. ῾΅ ே୪΅⏕ά`ᡭΎධῦῄҜಙῌῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 62. ⚾`ᢈุⓗῪேῠᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 63. ⚾` ΰῨҜᑛᚰῌ ῦῄῄ΅ΎῪῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 65. Ҝศ΅ఫ–ῧῄಶᡤ⁹ᆅᇦῌዲ῍ῠᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 66. ⚾`Ҝศ΅ΐῨ‒↓⏝΅ேῠῨᾫឤῘᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 67 ఱΉ‒വῶῨ῍`ῂ വᢥϕ‒ͳῈῦᾩ 67. ఱΉ‒വῶῨ῍`ῂ വᢥϕ‒ͳῈῦ 1 2 3 4 5 68. ⚾`␒┠Ύ ῄ ΅ῧ‶ῙΐῨ`Ὺῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 69. ⚾`ΐ῾ῧ⏕῍≀‒ᖾΊΎῗῦ῍῟ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 70. యⓗΎ⚾`ҜศҜఏΎ‶ῗῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 47 ᏛᰯΎࢌΉῪ῏ῦӻῑῄῄ΅ΎῨᛮῆᾩ 47. ᏛᰯΎࢌΉῪ῏ῦӻῑῄῄ΅ΎῨᛮῆ 48. 64. ῗᾨҜศ΅࿘ ΅ேᾫῌᖾΊ‒ឤῘῦῄῪ ᾨ῝`Ҝศ ᖾΊΎឤῘ Ό῍ӻῄೃῧῂᾩ ⚾`ᾨҜศ΅ӻῄῨΐ ᝏῄῨΐ‒ῄῄῨͳῈΐῨΎᾨ῟῏–‒ Ҝ ӻ ᝏ ͳῈ ΰῦῄᾩ 40 ῏ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ ῂ ῾ ῝ ῆ ᛮ Ὺ ῄ Ῡ ῡ Ῠ ῄ Ὲ Ὺ ῄ Ή Ὺ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ ჰ ᖖ Ύ ῝ ῆ ᛮ ῆ 71 ಶᡤΎู΅ఫேῌఫ–ῧῄ῟ ῄῄ΅ΎῨᛮῆᾩ 71. ಶᡤΎู΅ఫேῌఫ–ῧῄ῟ ῄῄ΅ΎῨᛮῆ 1 2 3 4 5 72. Ҝศῌᖾ‒ឤῘῦῄῨ῍Ύ`ᾨҜศ΅ӉῄΉ ῝ῨศΉᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 73. ᾫ⚾`῏΅῏ῧῪῗῠῨᛮῆΐῨῌῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 74. ᐙওΎȂ῭ⓗΎૹ⊩ῧ῍ῦᎰῗῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 75. ΐ῾ῧ⚾`ᮃ–ῠ ΅`ᡭΎධῦ῍῟ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 76. ങΎ०ษΎῦῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 77. ⚾`ᾨῨ῍Ῡ῍ᾨே⏕ῧῪῙΌ῍ΐῨ`ῙΌῦῪῗῦ῍῟Ή΅ ῆΎឤῘᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 78. Ꮫᰯ`ᴦῗῄῨᛮῆᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 ៥៥៊ូ ᅔΰ῟ΐῨῌ⏕Ῐ῟Ῠ῍ᾨῂῪ῟`Ῡ΅ ῆΎឤῘ῾ῙΉℋ ḟ΅ᩥf‒–ῧ᭱ ῂῦ`῾␒ྕΎ៍ῤ ṯ‒ῤῑῦ῏ῠῄᾩ 1 Ҝศ΅ຊῧษ ᢤῑ ᾩ 1. Ҝศ΅ຊῧษ ᢤῑ 1 2 3 4 5 2. Ҝศ୍ேῧՎῗ ῗΉῪῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 3. Ҝศ΅ຊῌཬῪῄᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 4. ῄῤ ῾΅ Ήῌຓῑῦ῏ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 5. ᭱ᚋ`῍ΰῨሗῌ᮶ᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 6. ᭱ᚋ`῍ΰῨኻᩋΎǺῨῄῆᏳῌῂᾩ 1 2 3 4 5 ៥៥៥៊ូ ேΎ ΰῦ⏕ά΅┠ᶆ ῄῄῧῙῌᾨ‷⁆΅ ῆΎศῑῨᾨῂῪ῟΅⏕ά┠ᶆΎ୍␒ಶῄ΅` ῩῧῙΉℋ᭱ ῂῦ`῾␒ྕΎῤṯ‒ῤῑῦ῏ῠῄᾩ ῩῧῙΉℋ᭱ ῂῦ`῾␒ྕΎῤṯ‒ῤῑῦ῏ῠῄ 1. ῝΅᪥῝΅᪥‒ᾨҜ⏤Ύᴦῗ῏ഓῙᾩ 2. ῗΰΉ Ῠও⏬‒῟ῦῦᾨિΉῪ⏕ά‒ÿ῏ᾩ 3. ఏಶῪே῟ῡῨᾨῪ ΉῪẖ᪥‒ೖᾩ ᾨ ᾩ 4. –ῪῨຊ‒ྜΊῦᾨୡ΅୰‒ ῏Ῑᾩ 5. ῝΅ូោៅ 6. Ή Ὺῄᾨ↓ᅇµᾩ 41 ៥៲៊ូ ḟ΅ၥ‒–ῧ᭱ ῂῦ`῾␒ྕΎ៍ῤṯ‒ῤῑῦ῏ῠῄᾩ 1. ῂῪ῟`ᾨҜᏯୗᐟῧ`Ῡ΅⛬ᗘᖾ⚟ῨឤῘ῾ῙΉℋ ΏῨ–ῩឤῘῪῄ ៍ ៍ូូូូូូូូូូ៎ូូូូូូូូូូ៏ូូូូូូូូូូ័ូូូូូូូូូូ៑ ៎ ៏ ័ ៑ ῄΎឤῚ 2. ῂῪ῟`ᾨᏛᰯῧ`Ῡ΅⛬ᗘᖾ⚟ῨឤῘ῾ῙΉℋ ΏῨ–ῩឤῘῪῄ ᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧ ៍ូូូូូូូូូូ៎ូូូូូូូូូូ៏ូូូូូូូូូូ័ូូូូូូូូូូ៑ ῄΎឤῚ Ꮫ⏕ῧ`Ὺῄ ᑵλῗῦῄῪῄ 3. ῂῪ῟`ᾨλሙῧ`Ῡ΅⛬ᗘᖾ⚟ῨឤῘ῾ῙΉℋ ΏῨ–ῩឤῘῪῄ ᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧ ៍ូូូូូូូូូូ៎ូូូូូូូូូូ៏ូូូូូូូូូូ័ូូូូូូូូូូ៑ ῄΎឤῚ 4. ῂῪ῟`ᾨҜᏯ⁹Ꮫᰯ⁹λሙ௨እῧ`Ῡ΅⛬ᗘᖾ⚟ῨឤῘ῾ῙΉℋ ΏῨ–ῩឤῘῪῄ ៍ូូូូូូូូូូ៎ូូូូូូូូូូ៏ូូូូូូូូូូ័ូូូូូូូូូូ៑ ῄΎឤῚ ៲៊ូ ḟ΅ၥΎµῈῦ῏ῠῄᾩ 1. ⚾`ូῨ῍ΎᖾΊ‒ឤῘ 2. ⚾`Ῠ῍ΎᖾῠῨឤῘ 3. ⚾ΎῨΰῦᖾ⚟Ῠ` 42 ៲៥៊ូ ᭱ᚋΎᾨῂῪ῟ҜఏΎῤῄῦῊµῈ῏ῠῄᾩ 1. ῂῪ῟`᪥ᮏῸ΅␃Ꮫ⏕ῧῙΉℋ ṅូῄῄῈฟ⏕ᆅ`ℋᾧូូូូូូូូូូូᾧូូᾧ⁹ഘ⁹ᗓ⁹┴ូ ᾧ ṅូ`ῄូฟఏᅜ`ℋᾧូូូូូូូូូូូូᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧᾧូូូូូ 2. ᛶู៖ូṅូ⏨ᾧᾧṅូዪ 3. ᖺᔻ៖ូូូូូូᾧូូṓ 4. ༞ᴗῗ῟ᏛᰯΎῙΌῦᾲᾳ༳‒ῤῑῦ῏ῠῄᾩូ ូṅូ៍៊ូᑠᏛᰯូូᾧᾧṅូ៎៊ូ୰Ꮫᰯូូᾧᾧṅូ៏៊ូ¬Ꮫᰯូូᾧᾧṅូ័៊ូᑓ࿋Ꮫᰯ¬ ṅ ៑៊ ▷ ᮇ Ꮫ Ꮫ ṅ ្៊ Ꮫ ၄ ṅ ៓៊ ῝ ΅ 5. ᩍϡȂቲᖺᩘ៖ូូូូូូូូូូᖺូូូូូូូូូូΉ᭶ᾧ℉༞ᴗᰯᖺᩘ⌧ᅾᰯᖺ᭶ 6. 6 ⌧ᅾࡢᒃఫᙧែᜨ୍ ڧேఫࡲ࠸ ே ࠉڧᐙ᪘ྠᒃࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉேࠉࠉࠉࡢࡑڧ 7. ࠶࡞ࡓಶேࡀಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ᐀ᩍࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ୍ࡘࠕࣞࠖ༳ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ូṅូ`ῄᾧᾧᾧṅῄῄῈᾧᾧᾧṅូΉ Ὺῄ ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡶࡢ୍ࡘࠕࣞࠖ༳ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ ࡘࠕࣞࠖ༳ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ 8 λᴗ ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡶࡢ 8. ڧᏛ⏕ ڧᏛ၄⏕ࠉ ڧᖖλࠉ ڧჰᖖλ ࡢࡑڧලయⓗ ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ 9. ୧०ࡢ᭱ǺᏛṔୖঠᜢࡢᏛᰯ✀ࡢ␒ྕࢆධࢀ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ ∗ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ẕÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ᐇ∗ẕ௨እ΅ᇤ०ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ၥǜ‒ᥦฟῗῦῄ῟ῠ῏๓Ύᾨᗘῦ΅ၥΎµῈ῟ΉῩῆΉ‒☜৶῏ῠῄᾩ ༠ຊῂ ῌῨῆῖῄ῾ῗ῟ᾩ 43 Survey on Personal Views of Life The attached questionnaire is being carried out as part of a cross-cultural psychological research. There is no time limit and there are no right or wrong answers to this questionnaire. This is not a test. You should answer each item as carefully and truthfully as possible. All your responses are anonymous and will be used only to the purpose of this study. Any questions regarding this study should be addressed to: Prof. Masuo Koyasu Prof Koyasu, Ph Ph.D. D Leader of the Global COE Program Graduate School of Education Kyoto University E-mail: [email protected] Undecided Agree Strongly Agree I like to wake up early in the morning. Disagree Example 1: Strongly Disagreee There are three types of items in this survey. Please answer them according to the examples below: 1 2 3 4 5 HipHop Example 2: The music style that I like the most is: Rock ; Classical Reggae Example 3: I like to listen to music when I'm together with my friends 44 . Jazz Strongly D Disagree Disagree Undecided d Agree Strongly A Agree I. Read each of the following statements and indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree on a scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). 1. People can establish rich personal relationships even without formal education. 1 2 3 4 5 2. It makes no difference to the world whether I am here or not. 1 2 3 4 5 3. Once I make a decision, I don’t look back. 1 2 3 4 5 4. The education that I’ve received makes me a happy person. 1 2 3 4 5 5. When I decide to do something, I can’t wait to get started. 1 2 3 4 5 6. People can be happy even without formal education. 1 2 3 4 5 7. I often think about how I am feeling at the moment. 1 2 3 4 5 8. I feel that I’m a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others. 1 2 3 4 5 9 I know exactly what I have to do to cheer me up. 9. up 1 2 3 4 5 10. My life is just as happy as that of others around me. 1 2 3 4 5 11. I feel that I have a number of good qualities. 1 2 3 4 5 12. I am satisfied with my life. 1 2 3 4 5 13. Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them. 1 2 3 4 5 14. I feel that I have attained the same level of happiness as those around me. 1 2 3 4 5 15. I make a contribution to society. 1 2 3 4 5 16. I generally believe that things are going as well for me as for others around me. 1 2 3 4 5 17. The education that I’ve received enhances my overall capabilities. 1 2 3 4 5 18. My sense of happiness depends on how I think about my given situation. 1 2 3 4 5 19. The education that I’ve received enriches my personal relationships. 1 2 3 4 5 20. I am able to do things as well as most other people. 1 2 3 4 5 21. When I think about how I’m doing in life, I often assess opportunities I have passed up. 1 2 3 4 5 22 I enjoy being at home with my family. 22. family 1 2 3 4 5 45 Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 23. I know exactly what it takes to make me feel happy. 1 2 3 4 5 24. My family gets along well together. 1 2 3 4 5 25. I often think about whether I should be feeling more or less happy than I am. 1 2 3 4 5 26. I like myself. 1 2 3 4 5 27. I feel happy when I make other people feel happy. 1 2 3 4 5 28. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure. 1 2 3 4 5 29. Happiness is the absence of risks. 1 2 3 4 5 30 I feel I do not have much to be proud of. 30. of 1 2 3 4 5 31. The conditions of my life are excellent. 1 2 3 4 5 32. I have not done anything really productive in my life. 1 2 3 4 5 33. In most ways my life is close to my ideal. 1 2 3 4 5 34. I’m ready to take risks in order to be happy. 1 2 3 4 5 35. I get along well with everybody. 1 2 3 4 5 36. When I feel unhappy, I try to think objectively about what is making me feel that way. 1 2 3 4 5 37. I live a life of ease with family and friends. 1 2 3 4 5 38. I am satisfied with the things I have done in my life. 1 2 3 4 5 39. I wish I had different friends. 1 2 3 4 5 40. 40 The world would be better off without me. me 1 2 3 4 5 41. I make those who are most important to me happy. 1 2 3 4 5 42. I feel happiness even in the small exchanges I have with my neighbors. 1 2 3 4 5 43. I take a positive attitude toward myself. 1 2 3 4 5 44. Although it is quite average, I live a stable but average life. 1 2 3 4 5 45. People are capable of many things even without formal education. 1 2 3 4 5 46. Words such as "unhappy", "sad", "sorrowful" clearly have different meanings to me. 1 2 3 4 5 46 Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 49. If I receive a proper explanation, I can understand practically anything. 1 2 3 4 5 50. I live life one day at a time without really think about the future. 1 2 3 4 5 51. I enjoy actively doing things, more than just watching and observing. 1 2 3 4 5 52. I do not have any major concerns or anxieties. 1 2 3 4 5 53. I can find many pleasant things in the natural environment where I live. 1 2 3 4 5 54 If I could live my life over 54. over, I would change almost nothing. nothing 1 2 3 4 5 55. Compared to those around me, I feel that I am the only unhappy one. 1 2 3 4 5 56. I am useful to society. 1 2 3 4 5 57. We can make society better if we have the will to do so. 1 2 3 4 5 58. I feel happy when I accomplish something on my own. 1 2 3 4 5 59. I can do something good for the Earth. 1 2 3 4 5 60. I live in harmony with the living creatures around me. 1 2 3 4 5 61. I believe I have achieved the same standard of living as those around me. 1 2 3 4 5 62. I am a critical person. 1 2 3 4 5 63. I wish I could have more respect for myself. 1 2 3 4 5 64. 64 I spend a great deal of time thinking of my positive and negative sides. sides 1 2 3 4 5 65. I like where I live. 1 2 3 4 5 66. I certainly feel useless at times. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 68. I never settle for second best. 1 2 3 4 5 69. So far in my life, I have made everything around me happy. 1 2 3 4 5 70. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. 1 2 3 4 5 47. I wish I didn’t have to go to school. 48. 67. If everybody else around me is feeling happy, that’s a good sign that I should be happy too. Whenever I’m faced with a choice, I try to imagine what all the other possibilities are, even ones that aren’t ppresent at the moment. 47 Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree 71. I wish there were different people in my neighborhood. 1 2 3 4 5 72. I can tell from my behaviors that I am feeling unhappy. 1 2 3 4 5 73. At times I think I am no good at all. 1 2 3 4 5 74. I am happy that I can contribute financially to my household. 1 2 3 4 5 75. So far I have gotten the important things I want in life. 1 2 3 4 5 76. My friends are nice to me. 1 2 3 4 5 77. I sometimes feel as if I’ve done all there is to do in life. 1 2 3 4 5 78 School is interesting. 78. interesting 1 2 3 4 5 II. How do you feel when you find yourself in a trouble? Read each of the following statements and indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree on a scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). 1. I am capable of overcoming any challenge on my own. 1 2 3 4 5 2. I should suffer alone. 1 2 3 4 5 3. I am not good enough. 1 2 3 4 5 4. There is always someone to help me out of trouble. 1 2 3 4 5 5. All my efforts will be rewarded eventually. 1 2 3 4 5 6. I fear that my endeavors will end up in failure. 1 2 3 4 5 III. There are various goals in life. What is your primary goal of life? Please circle one closest answer from the list below. 1. Enjoy each day freely. 2. Create a precise plan in order to enrich my life. 3. Spend time peacefully withmy friends. 4. Make the world better by cooperating with others. 5. Other: Please specify. (_____________________________________________________________________________________________________) 6. I don’ t know / no goal. 48 IV. Answer the following questions by circling one number on the scale. 1. How much happiness do you feel at home? A little happiness 1 2 3 4 5 A lot of happiness 4 5 A lot of happiness Not applicable 4 5 A lot of happiness Not applicable 2. How much happiness do you feel at school? A little happiness 1 2 3 3. How much happiness do you feel at work? A little happiness 1 2 3 4. How much happiness do you feel outside of home, school, or work? A little happiness 1 2 3 4 5 A lot of happiness V Complete the following sentences. V. sentences 1. I feel happy when _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. I feel unhappy when ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. For me, happiness means _____________________________________________________________________________ 49 VI. Next, we will ask a few questions about yourself. 1. Place of birth: _________________________________________________ 2. Ethnicity: _____________________________________________________ 3. Gender: Male Female 4. Age: ______________ years 5. Check all items which you finished or graduated from: 1. Elementary school 2. Junior high school 3. High school 4. Technical school 5. College/University 6. Graduate school 7. Other (__________________________________) 6. Years of education: ____________ years ____________ months (including the one which you are at) 7. You currently live: Alone With family (_______ people) Other (_______ people) 8. Check the item which you think is most appropriate: Do you have any personal religious faith? 9. Yes No Don’t know Check the item which you think is most appropriate: Without reference to any of the established religions, I believe a spiritual attitude is important? Yes No Don’t know Other (please specify:______________________________________) 10. Occupation: Check the item which you think is most appropriate: Student Other (______________________________________) Graduate student Full-time worker Part-time worker 11. Parent(s)' highest education: Please fill in using the numbers of question 5 above. Your father: __________________________ Your mother: _________________________ Other foster parent: ____________________ Before you return this questionnaire, please double check that you have answered all the items included. Thank you very much for your cooperation! 50 ఱࡀேࢆᖾ⚟ࡋఱࡀேࢆᖾࡍࡿ ᅜၯẚుਚᰝࡢҜ⏤ঠศᯒ ᒣ Ὀᏹ ࡣࡌࡵ ᮏ✏ࡣிᏛࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ COEࠕᚰࡀάࡁࡿᩍϡࡢࡓࡵࡢᅜၯⓗᣐⅬࠖ(ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺᝬ23 ᖺᗘ) ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡓࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚు◊"ࠖ࠾ࡅࡿҜ⏤ঠൺศࡢ ⓗศᯒࡢሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࠋฌࣽࢆഺࡅࡿࡓࡵࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚు◊"ࠖਚᰝయࡢᴫ ोࡸᡭȶࡁࡋ࡚ࡣᩘฎⓗศᯒࡢሗ࿌ઑࡾᮏ✏࡛ࡣҜ⏤ঠൺศ↔ⅬࢆȐࡿࠋ 13 ࢝ᅜ 7 ਂྜও 8000 ே௨ୖࡽҜ⏤ঠࢹ࣮ࢱࡀႏࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ ᪥ᮏࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚ৢǭ࡞ᅜၯẚుࢆࢌ࠺ࡓࡵ7 ࢝ᅜ 5 ਂྜও 714 ேࢆࢧࣥࣉ ࣜࣥࢢࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓȆᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ ਚᰝࡢ┠ⓗᴫो Ҝ⏤ঠࢆযࡅࡿពᅗ ᖾ⚟ឤhappiness, well-beingࡢẚుᩥⓗ࡞◊"ࡣᖾ⚟ឤࢆᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡛५ ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢᐃ̿ࡍࡿࡋ࡚ࡶࢌືȂ῭Ꮫⓗ࡞५Ⅼࡽਭࡌࡽࢀࡿࡋ࡚ࡶᩘฎⓗ ◊"ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᖾ⚟ឤࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿोǢࡋ࡚ᐃ̿ ࡉࢀࡓࢌືࡸ౯್५ࢆ ࡿᑻᗘࡢᅇµഴྥࡽᖾ⚟ឤࡢᗘྜ࠸ᖾ⚟ឤೳࡍ ࡿኚᩘࡢᵓࡀએਭࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᅇࡢᮏᣐⅬࡢࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚు◊"ࠖ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡶྠᵝໟᣓⓗ࡞ᩘฎⓗਚᰝࡀ࡞ࡉࢀศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀຍ࠼ᅇࡢᅜၯẚు◊"࡛ࡣҜ⏤ঠൺศࢆযࡅࡓਚᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࢀࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពᅗࡼࡿࠋ୍ࡣᩘฎⓗਚᰝࡢศᯒࢆࣥࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᩘฎⓗࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒȆᯝࢆ᳨খࡋ࡚࠸ࡃၯҜ⏤ঠ ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࢢࢀࡓᩘ್ࡢॾจࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃࢌ࠼ࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ࡲࡓᩘฎⓗȆᯝࡔࡅࡽࡣ॒࠼࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ྛᅜࡢ≉ᚩࡀৢǭ࡛ලయⓗॾ࡛᫂ࡁࡿ ࡇࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡣᅇࡢਚᰝ࠾ࡅࡿᖾ⚟ឤࡢᵓⓗ௬࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᭷Џ ឤ⏕ឤങᡂឤࠖ࠸࠺ᜡࡘࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡲࡾࡁࡽ࡞࠸ఱ ࢆᣠ࠸࠶ࡆࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽᜡࡘࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡛ࡣ ᖾ⚟ឤࡣ ࠕ⎔ቃാࡁࡅኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ᭷Џឤࠖ ࠕ͵ࡸୡ⏺ ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ⏕ឤࠖࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ఱࢆᡂࡋ ഉࡆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࡇങᡂឤ ࠖࡋ࡚ᐃ̿ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ 51 ࡿᖾ⚟ឤࡣࡑࡢɉࡢ┠ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢးᐃࡉࢀࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ ၥࡀᵓࡉࢀ࡞࠸Ҝ⏤ঠ࡛ࡣࡇࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡᕥྑࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓ ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ௬⏕ᡂⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡶྵࡳᩘฎ ⓗศᯒࡢἲ๎ᐃWⓗ࡞◊"ẚ࡚ཝᐦᛶࡣຎࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀᖾ⚟ឤࡢᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ ᥈"࠾࠸࡚ฌो࡞ोǢ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ Ҝ⏤ঠࡢၥᅟ┠ࡢసᡂ ࠙ᝁᜱᝂࢆ⏝࠸ࡿព̿ࠚ ၥǜਚᰝࡢҜ⏤ঠ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀࡿᅇµࡀ༑ศከᵝᛶࢆࡶࡕࡘࡘࡶ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ ୍ᐃúᅖᩡࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᚲो࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡲࡾࡶᅇµࡢҜ⏤ᗘࡀ࠸᭕ ࡞ၥ࡛ࡣᅇµࡢ࿇ࡉࡸƝ☜ࡉ࡞ࡀțไࡉࢀ࠼ࡎ↓ᅇµࡶከࡃ॒ࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠺ࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚࠶ࡲࡾࡶᵓࡉࢀࡍࡂࡓၥ࡛ࡣ≉ᐃࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ ᚑࡗࡓᅇµࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾከᵝᛶஈࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋҜ⏤ঠࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢၥࡣ ࡇࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢻ࢜ࣇࡢ࠶࠸ࡔപษ࡞࣏ࣥࢺࢆᐃࡵࡿࡇࡀᚲो࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢोਣᛂ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ᚰ⌮᳨ᰝࡢᢞᫎἲࡢ୍✀ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ SCT (Sentence Complementation Testᩥfᡂἲ) ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋSCT ࡣ ࠕ⚾ࡗ࡚ẕ ࡣࠖࠕ⚾ࡢᆖࡣࠖ࡞ࡢඛࢌ่⃭ᩥȶࡅ࡚ࣅ᳨ᰝ͵ࡀᩥfࢆ᭩ࡁຍ࠼ᡂࡉ ࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᖾ⚟ࡘ࠸࡚ᛮ࠺ࡇࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ¬ࡢҜ⏤ᗘࡢ࠸ၥ ᅟ┠ẚ࡚ᅇµࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡲࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡾࡘࡘ༑ศከᵝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ13 ࢝ᅜ 7 ਂࡢਚᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵศᯒࡢၯᚲो࡞᪥ᮏਂ ࡢͫলࡢປࢆͳ࠼ࡿᚓࡽࢀࡿᅇµࡣ▷ᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࠸ࡃࡘ ࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡶࡢࡋ࡚ SCT ᪉ᘧࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ ࠙ඛࢌ่⃭ᩥࡢᵓᡂ≉ᚩࠚ ඛࢌ่⃭ᩥࡣᮏਚᰝ◊"ࢳ࣮࣒࡛ࡢখએࢆฌࡡ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 3 ࡘࡢၥࡋࡓࠋ ࡞࠾ၥᩥࡢ୰ࡢࠕᝬᝬࠖ࠾ࡼࡧࠕ …. ࠖࡢൺศࡀਚᰝ༠ຊ͵ࡀᩥfࢆࣥࡋ ᡂࡉࡏࡿᅇµൺศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗᜥਂࡢ࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏਂՕਂࡢࡳࢆࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡘ ࡘ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ ࣭Q 1ᜨ ⚾ࡣᝬᝬࡁᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿ ( I feel happy when ….. ) ࡇࡢၥࡣᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿ≧ἣࡸฟ᮶ोᅉࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≧ἣ ᑐᛂࡋࡓẚుⓗǢᮔ࡛༢Ǘ࡞᪥ᖖឤड़࠾ࡅࡿᖾ⚟ឤࢆᑜࡡࡿၥᅟ┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕᖾ ⚟ឤࠖࢆᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ ࣭Q 2ᜨ ⚾ࡣᝬᝬࡁᖾࢆឤࡌࡿI feel unhappy when …. ࡇࡢၥࡣᖾࢆឤࡌࡿ≧ἣࡸฟ᮶ोᅉࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ ᖾ⚟ឤศࡅ࡚ࠕᖾឤࠖࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿࡢࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤ࡼࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ᖾ⚟ឤࢆ॔ᐃࡍࡿोᅉᖾឤࢆ॔ᐃࡍࡿोᅉࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶྠࡌࡣးࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ 52 ᐃࡋ࠺ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖾ⚟ឤࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍोᅉࡢḞዴࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲᖾឤࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᖾ⚟ឤࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍोᅉࡀᏑᅾࡋࡘࡘࡶᖾឤࢆ ࡶࡓࡽࡍोᅉࡀຍࢃࡿࡇ࡛ɢྜⓗࡣᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ ࡣᖾឤࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍोᅉࡀ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀᖾ⚟ឤࡢ᮲௳ࡋ࡚ฌोࡶࡋࢀ࡞ ࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᖾ⚟ឤᖾឤࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿोᅉࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣ୧͵ࡢ࠶࠸ࡔᵝࠎ ࡞ೳᛶࡀਭ⌮ⓗᐃࡋ࠺ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ᖾ⚟ឤࡢोᅉᖾឤࡢोᅉࢆᙜჳ⊂W ࡢࡶࡢ௬ᐃࡋ࡚ศࡅ࡚ᑜࡡ୧͵ࡢಀࢆࡳࡿࡇ࡛ࡼࡾʃᐦᖾ⚟ឤࡢोᅉࢆ ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣭Q 3ᜨ ⚾ࡗ࡚ᖾ⚟ࡣᝬᝬ࡛࠶ࡿ(For me, happiness is …… ) ࡇࡢၥࡣಶேࡢᖾ⚟ࡍࡿᐃ̿ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋQ 1 Q 2 ࡣ ࠸ࡎࢀࡶẚుⓗ᩿∦ⓗ࡛యࡋ࡚ពǼʺࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᖾ⚟࠾ࡼࡧᖾᙳ ᅚࡍࡿोᅉࢆලయⓗᑜࡡࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ Q3 ࡛ࡣᅇµ͵ࡢே⏕५ ౯್५ୡ⏺५ಙᛕ᐀ᩍ࡞ೳࡋࡘࡘࡼࡾǼʺࡉࢀᢳࡉࢀࡓಶே ࡢពᵓᡂ̘࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓᖾ⚟ឤࡍࡿঠࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ ࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡍࡿၥ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ᅇࡢ SCT ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿᅇµࡢ≉ᛶࡸไljࡘ࠸࡚࠶ࡽࡌࡵ ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋᖾ⚟ឤࡣ Diener (2000) ࡀࡿࡼ࠺ಶேࡢே⏕ᑐࡍࡿໟᣓⓗ ࡞ো౯࡛࠶ࡾࡑࡇࡣከࡃࡢोᅉࡀᅾࡋࡑࢀࡽࡢोᅉࡣࣽ႗ೳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࣜࢵ࣮࢝ធἲࡼࡿᐃฎⓗ࡞ਚᰝ࡛ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࣽᩘࡢोᅉࢆ୪Wⓗ࣭ໟᣓⓗ ᐃ ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍЏ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ᅇ⏝࠸ࡿ SCT ࡢ Q 1 ࠾ࡼࡧ Q 2 ࡛ᚓࡽࢀ ࡿᅇµ࡛ࡣᖾ⚟ឤᙳᅚࡍࡿࣽᩘࡢोᅉࡢ୰ࡽ୍ࡘ (ࡶࡋࡃࡣࡈࡃᑡᩘ) ࢆᙉไ ⓗവᢥࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᅇµࡢయⓗศᕸࡣಶேෆࡢᖾ⚟ឤ ࢆ॔ᐃࡍࡿोᅉࡢศᕸ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ोᅉࡢ୰ࡽಶேࡀ୍ᣲࡆࡿ ोᅉࡢศᕸͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ␃ពࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ਚᰝࡢᐇ Q 1ࠕ⚾ࡣᝬᝬࡁᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿ( I feel happy when ͐.)ࠖQ2ࠕ⚾ࡣᝬᝬࡁ ᖾࢆឤࡌࡿ( I feel unhappy when ͐. Q 3ࠕ⚾ࡗ࡚ᖾ⚟ࡣᝬᝬ࡛࠶ࡿ (For me, happiness is ͐͐.) ࡢ 3 ✀ᆞࡢၥᅟ┠ (ඛࢌ่⃭ᩥ) ࡣᩘฎⓗਚᰝࡢ ᅟ┠ྠࡌࡃ᪥ᮏਂՕਂࡢཎᩥࡽࢫ࣌ࣥਂ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝਂࢻࢶਂ୰ ᅜਂᅁᅜਂͫলࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀసᡂࡉࢀ13 ࢝ᅜࢆᑐࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺୖ࡛ᅇµ ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢҜ⏤ঠᅟ┠ࡣᩘฎⓗਚᰝࡢᅟ┠ࡢᚋප̘ࡉࢀਚᰝࡢ ᭱ᚋࡢ 3 ࡘࡢၥࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋၥᑐࡍࡿᅇµࡣᏐᩘไးࡣযࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓᅇµࡢ࠺ࡕ↓ঠධ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣࢇ࡞ࡃ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡶ 99ᜓ ௨ୖࡢᅇµ⋡࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྛᅜࡢᅇµ͵ᩘ⏨ዪẚᖺᔻᒙ¬ࡢᒓᛶሗࡋ࡚ࡣ 53 ᩘฎⓗሗ࿌ൺศࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ Ȇᯝศᯒ ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ๓ฎ⌮ศᯒᑐࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᢳฟͫল ᪥ᮏਂ௨እࡢਂࡼࡿᅇµࡣࢹ࣮ࢱ๓ฎ⌮ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏਂͫলࡍࡿᚲोࡀ࠶ ࡗࡓࠋͫলࡿປຊ༑ศಙᆇᛶࡢ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡢවࡡ ྜ࠸ࢆͳ࠼࡚ྛᅜ࡛ 100 ྡ௨ୖࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ྛᖺᔻ̼ (18ᝬ25 ṓ40ᝬ49 ṓ60 ṓ௨ୖࡢᜡ̼)ࡢ᭷ຠᅇµࡽ⏨ᛶ 17 ྡዪᛶ 17 ྡྜও 102 ྡࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒ᢳฟࡋศᯒᑐࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣྛᅜࡢਚᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ 5 ศࡢ 1 ࡽ 6 ศࡢ 1 ࠶ࡓࡿࠋ ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓᅇµࡣ୍ᩥࡎࡘ᪥ᮏਂͫলࡉࢀࡓࠋՕਂࢻࢶਂࢫ࣌ࣥਂ ࡋ࡚ࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢਂ͖⇍ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏਂৠ͵ࡀᅁᅜਂ୰ᅜਂࡋ࡚ࡣ᪥ᮏ ਂ͖⇍ࡋࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢਂࢆẕᅜਂࡍࡿ͵ࡀͫলࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ ࣝਂ (ࣈࣛࢪࣝ) ࡋ࡚ࡣͫলྍЏ࡞ேᮦࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛2012 ᖺ 2 ᭶ ⌧ᅾͫলࡣ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓᅁᅜਂࡢ Q3 ࡶᮍ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ᅇࡢศᯒ ࡽࡣ┬࠸࡚࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ႏࡵࡽࢀࡓ Q1ᝬQ3 ࡢ SCT ࡢᅇµࡢ୰ࡽࢆ ࢢ 1-1 ᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࢢ 1-2 ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡋ࡚♧ࡋࡓࠋ ศᯒ᪉ἲࡢവᐃ ᚓࡽࢀࡓᅇµࡢ≉ᚩࢆྫྷࡋ࡚പษ࡞ⓗศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆവᢥࡋࡓࠋQ 1 Q 2 ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡀQ 3 ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹ ࣥࢢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡀപᙜ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⌮⏤ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Q 1 Q 2 ࡢᅇµࡣᖾ⚟ࡶࡋࡃࡣᖾឤࡌࡿ≧ἣࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞ঠ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ୍ࡘࡢࡲࡲࡗࡓᙇࡸពࢆࡶࡘࡶࡢ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࣽᩘࡢලయⓗोᅉࡸ ≧ἣࡀ୪ิࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀከࡃ॒ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ ࠕ⚾ࡣ ே̮ࡋ࠸ᬒӽࢆ॒ ࡞ࡀࡽ࠾࠸ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆᇇࡿ ࡁᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᅇµࡣேࡢඹᅾ (͵ࡢಀ)̮ࡋ࠸ᬒӽࢆ॒ࡿ (Ҝ↛⎔ቃঀࢀࡿ)࠾࠸ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࢆᇇࡿ (ᇇ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣҜศࡢዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿ) ࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢोǢࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࠕ⚾ࡣ ᐙ᪘ࡀᗣ࡛Ҝศࡀࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡁ ᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࠖ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ࡘ௨ୖࡢ≧ἣࡀ୪ิࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᅇµࡶከࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡢᅇµࡣయࡋ୍࡚̿ⓗពࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࡑࡇྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࣽᩘࡢोᅉࢆͳ៖ࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢేᏑ (ඹୣᛶ) ࡸಀᛶࢆͳ៖ࡍࡿ࠺ࡀപษ࡛࠶ ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮⏤ࡽࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࡀศᯒ᪉ἲࡋ࡚വᢥࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᪉Q 3ࠕ⚾ࡗ࡚ᖾ⚟ࡣᝬᝬ࡛࠶ࡿࠖᑐࡍࡿᅇµࡣ ࠕேேࡢࡘ࡞ࡀ 54 ࡾࠖ ࠕᚰࡀિ࡞ࡇࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᖾ⚟ឤࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍोᅉࢆঠࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ ࠕᖾ ࡢ࡞࠸ࡇࠖࠕ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣഢ࠸ࡶࡢࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᖾ⚟ࡢᢳⓗᒓᛶࢆঠࡋࡓࡶࡢࡸ ࠕ᪥ࠎࢆษ⏕ࡁࡿࡇࠖ࠸ࡗࡓែᗘࡸಙᛕࢆࢢࡍࡶࡢ࡞ࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࡢᅇµࡣ୍̿ⓗ࡞ពࢆࡶࡘྠࡑࡢᢳᗘࡸᛶከᵝᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࢸ ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࡢഓ⛬࡛ࡢ༢ਂᢳฟసᴗࢆȂࡿᅇµࡢពෆᐜࡀᦆ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ༴ ၔᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓQ1 ࠾ࡼࡧ Q2 ẚుࡍࡿࡦࡘࡢᅇµෆࣽᩘࡢोǢ ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇࡀᑡ࡞ࡃोᅉࡢඹୣᛶࡣࡑࢀͳ៖ࡍࡿᚲोࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚ ᅇµᩥࡢពෆᐜࢆุ᩿ࡋࡓ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࢆศᯒ᪉ἲࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ᖾ⚟ឤ࠾ࡼࡧᖾឤࡢोᅉࡢศᯒ ࠙ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࡼࡿศᯒࡢᡭȶࡁࠚ ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࣐ࢽࣥࢢࡼࡿศᯒࡣࣇ࣮ࣜࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ KH Coderiࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ ࡞ࢃࢀࡓࠋ(௨ୗҜ⏤ঠࡢᅇµࡢࡇࢆࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡶࡋࡃࡣࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢹ࣮ࢱࡪࠋ) 1ਂࡢᢳฟ ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢹ࣮ࢱࡣਇᏐЪᏐࢆṇࡋࡓᚋᙧែǢॾᯒࢆࢌ࠸ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓ༢ਂࢆྛ ရศᆞࡋࡓࠋ༢ਂࡢฟ⌧ᆆᗘࡢୗးࡣযࡅࡎ1 ᅇ࡛ࡶฟ⌧ࡋࡓਂ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᚋࡢ ศᯒྵࡵࡓࠋ 2ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢ⏕ᡂ ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓਂࡣྠࡌពࡢ␗࡞ࡿࢢ⌧ᴫᛕⓗᆞఝࡋࡓࡶࡢ¬ࢆࡲࡵ࡚ࢥ ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࠋᅜ࠺ࡋࡢẚుࢆࢌ࠺ࡓࡵࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻ ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅྛᅜඹ೫࡞ࡿࡇࢆࡵࡊࡋࡓࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜࡢ♫࣭ᩥⓗ࡞ ࡸਂⓗ≉ᚩࡢࡓࡵྛᅜᅛ᭷ࡢࡶࡢࢆযࡅࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࢹ ࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝ(ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓਂࢆࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡲࡵ࡚࠸ࡃၯࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ) ࡋ࡚ࡶྛᅜඹ೫ࡍࡿໟᣓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡋࡓࡀᅜูసᴗୖപ⏝ࡍ ࡿᐇၯࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡣਂⓗ≉ᚩࡸ័⏝ྃ࡞ࢆͳ៖ࡋ࡚ᅜࡈከ ᑡࡢਚᩚࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ᚲोࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝപ⏝ࡢȆᯝ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿࢥ࣮ ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡑࢀྵࡲࢀࡿࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢཎᩥࡀപษᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ ࢆ©͵ KH Coder ࡢ⏝͖⇍ࡋࡓ͵ 1 ྡ࡛༠એࡋࡘࡘ᳨খࢆˎࡾಹࡋ ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡀࡼࡾപษ࡛ໟᣓⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭ ȶࡁࡢࡶ࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡓྛᅜໟᣓⓗപ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻ࠾ࡼࡧࢥ ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࢆࢢ 2-1 ࢢ 2-2 ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ࡞࠾ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢၯࡋ࡚ࡇࡢਚᰝయࡢᴫᛕⓗᯟǼ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ᭷Џឤࠖࠕങ ᡂឤࠖࡋู࡚ࠎࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡼ࠺ࡳࡓࡀQ1ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡌࡿ ࡁࠖᑐࡍࡿᅇµ࡛ࡣ୧͵ࢆ༊ูࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔႤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࡓ࠼ࡤ ࠕఱࡶ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡁࠖࠕᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺≀ࡀ࠸ࡗࡓࡁࠖ࠸࠺ঠࡣ᭷ 55 Џឤࡢࢢ⌧ࡶങᡂឤࡢࢢ⌧ࡶࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ᖾ⚟ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࡣ୧ ͵ࡣ᫂☜ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀ࡚ঠࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠕ᭷Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤࠖ࠸࠺ ୧͵ࢆ୪ิࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࢆ࠼ࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽQ2ࠕᖾឤࡌࡿ ࡁ࡛ࠖࡣࡑࡢཎᅉ (≧ἣ) ࢆࠕຊࡀཬࡤ࡞ࡗࡓࡁࠖ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺Ҝᕫࡢ ↓Џຊࡉ (᭷ЏឤࡢḞዴ) ᖐᒓࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠕ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡁࠖ࠸ ࠺ࡼ࠺Ȇᯝⓗങᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ (ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ) ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ༊ูࡍࡿࡇ ࡀྍЏ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࢢ 2-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࠕ↓ຊឤࠖ ࠸࠺ูࠎࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࢆযࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠕ⏕ឤࠖᑐ ᛂࡍࡿࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡣࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖࠕᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕฌो࡞͵ࠖࠕዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆ ࡍࡿࠖ࡞ࣽᩘࡢࡶࡢࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ 3ศᯒᑐᅜࡢവᐃ ᅇࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏᅁᅜůᅜ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࢫ࣌ࣥՕᅜࢻࢶࡢ 7 ࢝ᅜ ࢆᑐࡋ࡚വᢥࡋᅜၯẚుࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᅁᅜࢆവᐃࡋࡓࡢࡣᩘฎⓗศᯒࡢȆᯝ࡛᪥ᮏᅇµഴྥࡀఝ࡚࠾ࡾ᪥ᮏྠࡌ ࡃከࡃࡢഃჳ࠾࠸࡚ᅜࡼࡾᖾ⚟ឤࡀప࠸ഴྥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ᪥ᮏᅁᅜࡣওฎⓗ५Ⅼࡽࡣඹ೫ᛶࡀ࠸ࡀҜ⏤ঠࡢᅇµࡽࡳࡓࡁࡣ ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࢆ☜৶ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋůᅜࢆവᐃࡋࡓࡢࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛᪥ůࡢᩥẚు ࡢඛࢌ◊"ࡀከࡃᏑᅾࡋࢹ࣮ࢱࡢॾจࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ၯࡢᇶ‽࡞ࡿͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࢆവᐃࡋࡓࡢࡣᩘฎⓗศᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢᅜࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃჳ࡛ ᪥ᮏࡣᑐᴟⓗᖾ⚟ឤࡀ࠸࠸࠺Ȇᯝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣌ࣥՕᅜ ࢻࢶࡢྛᅜࡋ࡚ࡣᩘฎⓗศᯒȆᯝࡽࡣ≉┠ࢆࡦࡃ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࡀᅇࡢҜ⏤ঠࡢⓗศᯒḢᕞྛᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛ᖾ⚟/ᖾ ࢆ॔ᐃࡍࡿ♫ᩥⓗ࡞ोᅉࢆளࡲ࠼ࡓॾจࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡵࡿࡇࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ ࡣᩘฎⓗศᯒࡣ≉ᚩࡀࢢࢀ࡞ࡃࡶҜ⏤ঠࡢⓗศᯒ࡛ࡣฌो࡞▱॒ࡀᚓࡽ ࢀࡿྍЏᛶࡶ࠶ࡿͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢศᯒॾจ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚വᐃࡉࢀࡓศᯒᑐᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ ࢻࢆࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁูࠖୖ 7 iiࡲ࡛ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀ ࢢ 3-1ࢢ 3-2 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࣭Q1ࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖ ࢢ 3-1 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ ࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣӑⓗࡳ࡚ࠕᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖ ࠕேࠖ࡞ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸಀᛶ (ᮏਚᰝࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡ࡛ࡣࠕ⏕ឤࠖ ࢃࡿࡶࡢ) ࢆࢢࡍࡶࡢࡀྛᅜࡶඹ೫ࡋ࡚ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡾࢃࡅůᅜ࣓ ࢟ࢩࢥࢫ࣌ࣥՕᅜ࡛ࡣ ࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡀᅇµ 56 ࡢ 4 ⛬ᗘฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ͵ඹᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀฌो࡞ពࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏᅁᅜ࡛ࡣࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖࡇࡣᅇµࡢ࠺ࡕ 15ᜓ⛬ᗘࡢฟ⌧࡛࠶ࡾࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶୖࠕዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠖࡀ᮶ࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩ ⓗࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡣࠕ࠾ࡋࡷࡾࢆࡍࡿࠖࠕ᪑ࢌࡍࡿࠖࠕଉ࠸ ≀ࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡞ࡢάືࢆక࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚋࡢඹୣࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢศᯒ࡛ࡶঠࡍࡀ Ҝ⏤ঠࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺཎᩥࢆ☜৶ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᅁᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠕዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠖ ࠸࠺ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡣ ࠕᐙ᪘ࠖࡸࠕฌो࡞͵ࠖඹୣࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡃ ࠕ ே࠾ࡋࡷࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕᐙ᪘ᇇࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞ࡢάືࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖࡇࡀୖ̘ ࡍࡿᅜ࡛ࡣ ࠕே࠸ࡗࡋࡻ࠸ࡿࠖ ࠕᐙ᪘࠸ࡗࡋࡻ࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺͵ࡢඹᅾ ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆฌख़ࡍࡿঠࡀከࡗࡓࠋ ࠕങᡂឤࠖ╔┠ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ(33.6ᜓ)ࢻࢶ(32.0ᜓ)ࡀᅜࡼࡾ 10ᜓ ௨ୖከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ≉ࢻࢶࡢሙྜ ࠕങᡂឤࠖࡀᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿोᅉࡋ࡚ࡶࡗ ࡶከࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᅁᅜůᅜ Օᅜ࡛ࡣࠕങᡂឤࠖࡣ 20ᜓ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠕങᡂឤࠖࡢฟ⌧ᆆᗘࡣ8 (11.4ᜓ)࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ ࠕᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ࠖ(3 17.4ᜓ) ࠕӻዲ࡞ேಀࠖ(4 ,16.7ᜓ) ࡀ ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢฟ⌧ᆆᗘୖᣲࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡣඹୣࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕఏಶ࡞ฌो࡞͵࠸ࡗࡓ≉ ᐃࡢ͵࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ࡢಀࡀ࡛ӻዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࣭Q2ࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖ ࢢ 3-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ᖾឤࡢ॔ᐃोᅉࡋ࡚ࡣ7 ࢝ᅜࡢ࠺ࡕ᪥ᮏ௨እࡢ 6 ࢝ᅜ ࠾࠸࡚ୖ 2 ࡲ࡛ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ͵ඹᅾࡍࡿࡇࡀᖾ⚟ ឤࡢࡓࡵฌो࡛࠶ࡗࡓůᅜ࣓࢟ࢩࢥՕᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᖾឤࡢ॔ᐃोᅉࡋ࡚ ࡶࡗࡶከࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠕᏙ⊂࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ ࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࢫ࡛࣌ࣥࡣ ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡼࡾࡶࠕᏙ⊂ࠖࡢ࠺ࡀከࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡣᖾឤࡌࡿཎᅉࡢ 3 (12.6ᜓ) ̘ ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࡑࡢฟ⌧⋡ࡣᅜࡼࡾᑡ࡞ࡃ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢlj 3 ศࡢ 1 ௨ୗᅁᅜࡢlj༙ ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᖾឤࡢཎᅉࡋ࡚ࡶࡗࡶከࡃᆆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡣ ࠕேಀࠖ(24.4ᜓ) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡢࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࢆ☜৶ࡍࡿࠕ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࠖ ࠕࡣ ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠖ ࠕയࡘࡅࡽࢀࡿࠖ ࠕ॒ᨺࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡞ᐇከᙬ࡞ෆໟࡀ࠶ࡾேಀࡢࢺ ࣛࣈࣝࡋ࡚ከࡃࡢࢢ⌧ਂᙡࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡑࢀࢆᩄឤឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࠕேಀࠖࡣᅁᅜ࡛ 16.1ᜓůᅜ࡛ 12.1ᜓՕᅜ࡛ 13.8ᜓฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࡇ 57 ࢀࡽࡣࠕᐙ᪘ࠖࡸࠕฌो࡞͵ࠖඹୣࡍࡿࡇࡀከࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡢࡁྠࡌࡃࠕᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ࠖ(5 10.2ᜓ) ඹୣࡍࡿࡇࡀከ ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᐙ᪘ࡸษ࡞͵࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕேࠖࡸࠕேࠖ࠸ࡗࡓ୍ӑ ࡉࢀࡓ͵ࡢಀ࠾࠸࡚ฟ⌧ࡍࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࠕᖾ࡞ឤࠖࡣ ࠕᝬᝬࡋ࡚ಎ࠸Ẽᣢࡕ࡞ࡗࡓࡁࠖ ࠕᝬᝬࡋ࡚ᝒࡋࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡁࠖ࠸࠺ᅇµࡢࡼ࠺ఱࡽࡢฟ᮶ࡸᑐᑐࡋ࡚Ẽࡀࡩࡉ࠸ࡔࡾᜍࢀࡸ ᛣࡾࢆឤࡌࡓࡾᝒࡋࡳࢆឤࡌࡓࡾࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ҝศࡢឤ≧ែࢆҜड़ࡋࡑࢀࢆ ࡋࡓᖾឤࡢ৶ઁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅁᅜ (2 , 16.1ᜓ)ůᅜ (3 , 11.9ᜓ)Օᅜ (2 , 14.7ᜓ) ࢻࢶ(2 , 18.6ᜓ) ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡣẚుⓗ┠Wࡗࡓࠕᖾឤࠖࡢोᅉࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ 8 (7.9ᜓ)ࢫ࡛࣌ࣥࡣ 7 (6.6ᜓ)ప࠸ࡢࡀ≉ ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࣭ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢᆆฟࢆࡶࡋࡓॾจ ᖾ⚟ឤᖾឤࢆేࡏ࡚ॾจࡍࡿḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀᾋࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡎ ᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁ࡛ࡣࡑࡇᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅯᇦࡢฌࡳ ࡅࡀ୧͵ࡢ࠶࠸ࡔ࡛␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖾ⚟ឤࢆ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠕ⏕ ឤࠖৡᙜࡍࡿ͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀከࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚ᖾឤࢆ࠼ࡿࡶ ࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠕങᡂឤࠖࡢḞዴࡀ୍ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ ࡼ࠺ᖾ⚟ឤࡢᙧᡂࡶࡗࡶฌोឤࡌࡽࢀࡿोᅉᖾឤࡢᙧᡂࡶࡗࡶ ฌो࡛࠶ࡿឤࡌࡽࢀࡿोᅉࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ॒࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋ ᅜၯẚు࠸࠺५Ⅼࡽࡳࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ᪥ᮏࡢᖾ⚟ឤᖾឤࡢ॔ᐃोᅉࡋ࡚ᣲࡆ ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡣᅜẚ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ᵝ┦ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡢ≉ᚩࡣ͵ࡢࡘ࡞ ࡀࡾೳࡍࡿਂࡀᖾ⚟ឤ࡛ࡶᖾឤ࡛ࡶࡾࢃࡅከࡃᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶᖾ⚟ឤࡢሙྜࡣ͵༢ඹᅾࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ ͵άືࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀฌो࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣᅁᅜࡢሙྜࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᪥ᮏᅁᅜ࡛ࡣಶูࡢேྠኈࡀ࠾࠸ࡢಶࢆᏲࡾࡘࡘඹ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡼࡾ୧͵ ࡀྠࡌάືࡸᑐࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀᖾ⚟ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠕࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠖࢆឤࡌࡿࡓࡵฌ ो࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࡢ≉ᚩࡣ͵࠸࠼ࡶᖾ⚟ឤᖾឤࡢ࠸ࡎ ࢀ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ≉ᐃࡢ͵ࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃ ࠕேࠖ࠸࠺୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ࡢಀࡀ ฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣᅁᅜࡣ॒ࡽࢀ࡞࠸≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᖾ⚟ឤࡢᩥẚుࡍࡿࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊"࡛ࡣů-ॉḢᩥᅪ࡛ࡢಶேࡢങ ᡂࡸҜᑛឤࡢೳࡀฌो࡛࠶ࡿࡢᑐࡋ࡚┦౫ᏑⓗҜᕫឤࡢඃ࡞ᮾࢪ ᩥᅪ࡛ࡣ♫ಀࡢਚࡀᖾ⚟ឤࡢ॔ᐃोᅉࡋ࡚ฌो࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ Ȇᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ (࠼ࡤ Uchida et al., 2004 ࡢࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࢆཧ↷)ࠋᅇࡢਚᰝࡢȆᯝࢆ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ▱॒ẚుࡍࡿ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡎ ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡢोᅉࡼࡾࡶࠕᖾឤࠖ 58 ࡢोᅉࡢ࠺ࡀࡑࢀࡽࡢ▱॒࠺ࡲࡃപྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡢो ᅉࡣů-ॉḢᩥᅪᮾࢪᩥᅪࢃࡽࡎ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ♫ಀࡢਚࠖࡀࡶࡗࡶฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠕ ᖾឤࠖࡢोᅉࡢ࠺ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ ࠕேಀࠖࡀୖ̘ࡋů-ॉḢᩥᅪࡢ ᅜࠎ࡛ࡣࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀୖᣲࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢẚుᩥⓗ࡞◊ "▱୍॒ҤࡍࡿȆᯝࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ᪥ᮏྠࡌᮾࢪᩥ ᅪ̘ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶᅁᅜ࡛ࡣࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀᖾឤࡢ᭱ฌोोᅉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠕᖾ࡞ឤࠖ࠸࠺࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࣭࣮ࣜ࣡ࢻࡣҜศࡢࢿ࢞ࢸࣦ࡞ឤ≧ែࡢ৶ ▱ࡸҜड़࡛࠶ࡾҜศࡀࠕಶ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇࢆពઁࡉࡏࡿͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࡇࢀࡶů -ॉḢᩥᅪࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃᅁᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᆆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚ů-ॉḢᩥᅪ ᮾࢪᩥᅪࢆᑐẚࡉࡏࡿࡢࡳ࡛ࡣᖾ⚟ឤࡢᩥẚుࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ࢡࡋ ࡚ࡣ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀJ࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽࡇࡇů-ॉḢᩥᅪᆞఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣓ ࢟ࢩࢥ(୰ů)͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀᖾ⚟ឤ࡛ࡶᖾឤ࡛ࡶ᭱ฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢫ࣌ࣥ (༡Ḣ)ࡢȆᯝࢆࡶྵࡵ࡚ໟᣓⓗ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤৢǭ࡞ᩥẚుࡢࣃ࣮ࢫ ࣌ࢡࢸࣦࡀᚲो࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ඹୣࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡼࡿศᯒ 7 ࢝ᅜࡍ࡚ࡘ࠸࡚ ࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡘ࠸࡚ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢඹୣࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᅗࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡼࡾ ࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻ࠺ࡋࡀඹୣࡍࡿ☜⋡ࡀ࠸ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ┦ࡢࢥ࣮ࢹ ࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢȆࡧࡘࡁࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡇࡀྍЏ࡞ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ศᯒᑐࡋࡓ ࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡢᑡ࡞ࡉࢆͳ៖ࡋ࡚ඹୣࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᅗࡣ1 ᅇ࡛ࡶඹୣࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡓࢥ ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࢆྵࡵ࡚సᡂࡋࡓࠋ ᮏਭ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓᅜၯẚుࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ၯព῝࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿȆᯝࡲ ࡓࡣ≉ᚩⓗ࡞Ȇᯝࢆ୰ᚰྛᅜࡢȆᯝࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ඹୣࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ ࢡᅗ࠾࠸࡚ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡣ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡀࡁ࠸ฟ⌧ᆆᗘ ࡀ࠸ࡇࢆពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ୕ӽࡢࡶࡢࡀ᭱ࡶ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡃࣆࣥࢡⓑỈ ӽࡢᅠపࡃ࡞ࡾ᭱ࡶ୰ᚰᛶࡀప࠸ࡢࡀყӽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᚰᛶࡀ࠸ࡑࡢࢥ ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡀࡢከࡃࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻඹୣࡋ࡞ࡀࡽฟ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀከ࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓඹୣࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᅗ࡛ࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻ࠺ࡋ ࢆȆࡪ┤ɪࡣࡑࢀࡽࡢਂࡢඹୣᛶࢆࢢࡋࡇࡢɪࡀኴ࠸ඹୣᛶࡀ࠸ࡇࢆព ࡍࡿࠋࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻ࠺ࡋࡢகႣࡣMDS ␗࡞ࡾ≉ពࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸ࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ᅗ 1-1 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ᖾ⚟ឤ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ ࠕዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿ Ҝ⏤ࠖࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡃࡘᆆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᪤ඛࡢศᯒ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡢྠࡌ ࡃࠕฌो࡞͵ࠖ ேᜊே࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ࠖேάື 59 ࢆඹࡍࡿ࠸࠺Ȇࡧࡘࡁࡀᙉ࠸(ඹୣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ)ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓࠕᢳࡉࢀ ࡓ͵ࠖࡶḟ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡃ ࠕӻዲ࡞ேಀࢆಖࡘࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡢඹୣࡀᙉࡃ ࡇࢀࡶඛศᯒࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ≉ᚩࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᖾ⚟ឤࡢ୰ᚰⓗᅯ ᇦࡣฌो࡞͵ࡸ୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ӻዲ࡞ಀࢆࡶࡕఱࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺࠸ ࠺ࡇࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋᖾឤࡋ࡚ࡣᅗ 1-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠕே ಀࠖࡀᆆฟࡋࡘ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡗࡓࡀࡇࢀࡶඛࡋࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ≉ᚩࢆࡣࡗࡁࡾ ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕேಀࠖࡣ≉ࠕᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ࠖࡢȆࡧࡘࡁࡀᙉࡃࠕே ࡽࡦ࠸ᢅ࠸ࢆ࠺ࡅࡿࠖࠕே࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࡞࠸ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡢࡼ࠺≉ᐃࡢ࠸ ࠺ࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃୡ୍ӑࡢேࡢேಀ࠾࠸࡚ᖾឤࢆࡶࡘࡇࡀከ࠸࠸࠺ ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡲࡓࠕேಀࠖࠕ↓ຊឤࠖࡀඹୣࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ ࡇࢀࡶࡢᅜࡣ॒ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓᆆฟࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻ࡛ࡣ ┠Wࡓ࡞ࡗࡓࠕᖾ࡞ឤࠖࡀ୰ᚰᛶࡢᙉ࠸ਂࡋ࡚ฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ ࡾࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕಶࠖࡢឤࡢҜड़ⓗ࡞ᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡍࡿேࠎࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᅁᅜ࡛ࡣࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕᐙ᪘ࠖࡢ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡃࠕ୍ɤ࠸ ࡿࠖࠕዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠖࠕᖾ⚟࡞ឤࠖ࡞ᙉࡃȆࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡓ (ᅗ 2-1)ࠋࠕዲࡁ ࡞ࡇࢆࠖࢆ͵࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇࡀฌो࡞ࡢࡣ᪥ᮏྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀᅁᅜࡣࠕᐙ᪘ࠖ ≉Ȇࡧࡘࡁࡀᙉ࠸ࡢࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ฌो࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠕӻዲ ࡞ேಀࠖࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡣᢳฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠕങᡂឤࠖࡶᆆฟࡋ ୰ᚰᛶࡶ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࠕങᡂឤࠖࡣ୰ᚰᛶࡀᙅࡃฟ⌧ᆆᗘࡶపࡗࡓࡇࡁࡃ␗ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕᖾឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 2-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀᆆฟ ࡋ୰ᚰᛶࡶࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡶ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀ࿘ದⓗ࡞̘࠶ࡗ ࡓࡇࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕேಀࠖࡀẚుⓗ୰ᚰᛶࡀᙉ࠸ࡢࡣ᪥ᮏྠᵝࡢ ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ᪥ᮏࡢࡼ࠺୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ࡣȆࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ůᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 3-1 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ ࠕฌो࡞͵ࠖ ே࣭ ᜊேࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ᅯᇦ̘ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠕങ ᡂឤࠖࡣࡑࢀ┠Wࡓ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚ ࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁ࡛ࠖࡣᅗ 3-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ ࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡃᆆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡶ ࠕങ ᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡣࠕҜᕫ᎘ᝏࠖ࠸࠺ࠕҜᕫো౯ࠖẚుⓗᙉࡃೳࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡇࢀ ࡣࡢᅜࡣ॒ࡽࢀ࡞࠸≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋDiener & Diener (1995) ࡞ࡢඛࢌ◊" ࠾࠸࡚ࡶůᅜ࡛ࡣࠕങᡂឤࠖࠕҜᕫো౯ࠖࡀೳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᮏ◊"࡛ࡣ ࠕങᡂឤࡀ࠶ࡿҜᕫো౯ࡀୖࡀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ ࠕങ ᡂឤࡀḞዴࡍࡿҜᕫো౯ࡀୗࡀࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀᙉ࠸ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉ ࢀࡿࠋ ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࠾࠸࡚ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 4-1 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ᐙ᪘ࡸฌो࡞͵ 60 ࠕ୍ɤ࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠕ᭷Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤࠖ࠸࠺ᜠࡘࡢ࢝ࢸ ࢦ࣮ࣜᝳ࣮࣡ࢻࡢ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡗࡓࠋ ࠕᖾឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 4-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ᚲ ࡎࡋࡶҜศࡢ᪥ᖖⓗ⏕άୡ⏺࡛᥋ࡍࡿ͵࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃୡ⏺ࡸᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ࡢᖾ ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ୰ᚰᛶࡀ࠸ࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡣᆆฟࡍࡿࡀࡢਂ ࡢඹୣᛶࡣࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࢫ࡛࣌ࣥࡣࠕᖾ⚟ឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 5-1 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ᐙ᪘ࡸᜊே࣭ே࣭ ษ࡞ே࡞ࡢฌो࡞͵୍ɤ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᚰⓗ࡞̘࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋ࠸ࡗࡱ࠺ࠕᖾឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 5-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ ࠕฌो࡞͵ࠖࡸࠕᢳ ࡉࢀࡓ͵ࠖࠕᖾ࡞ฟ᮶ࠖࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᚰⓗ࡞̘࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋᖾ⚟ឤࡢᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᖾឤࡢᙧᡂ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸਚ ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ⏕ឤࠖࡀฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋՕᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ ࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌ ࡿࡁࠖࡢ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ोᅉࡣᐙ᪘ࡸே¬ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ᭷Џឤᝳങᡂឤ࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡰྠࡌഴྥࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡿྠࠕዲࡁ ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜᝳ࣮࣡ࢻࡢ୰ᚰᛶࡀ࠸ࡢࡶ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ ᅗ 6-1ࠋ ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶࠕዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠖࡣᆆฟࡋ୰ᚰᛶࡀ࠸࡛ؕ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣ ࡑࡢਂࡀ͵ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡶࡗࡥࡽಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢᑐࡋ࡚Օᅜࡢሙྜࡣ ࠕ᭷ Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤࠖࡶඹୣࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣࠕങᡂឤࡢḞዴࠖࡀᆆฟ ࡋࡾࢃࡅ୰ᚰᛶࡶࡗࡓᅗ 6-2ࠋࡇࢀࡣůᅜᅁᅜྠࡌഴྥ࡛࠶ࡾ͵ ࡢಀࡀฌख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᪥ᮏࡣ␗࡞ࡿȆᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢻࢶ࠾࠸࡚ࠕᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࡣᅗ 7-1 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠕ᭷Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤࠖ ࠕᐙ᪘ࠖࡀᜠࡘࡢ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ࣓࢟ࢩࢥྠᵝࡢഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ࣓࢟ ࢩࢥ࡛ࡣᐙ᪘௨እࡢே¬ࡢಀࡶฌो࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࢻࢶ࡛ࡣࡾࢃࡅ ࠕᐙ᪘ࠖࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀฌख़ࡉࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ॒ࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿ ࡁࠖࡣᅗ 7-2 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠕᖾ࡞ឤࠖࡀࡶࡗࡶ୰ᚰᛶࡀࡃࡢࢇ ࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻȆࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ोᅉࡸ≧ἣࡣ࠶ࡿ ࡋ࡚ࡶࡑࢀࡽࡢ୰࡛ྰᐃⓗ࡞ឤࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿҜศҜఏࢆࣜࣇࣞࢡࢸࣈᤊ࠼ ࡑࡢҜศҜఏࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆᖾࡢཎᅉࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡼࡿศᯒ ࠙ศᆞ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡢ᪉ἲࠚ Q3ࠕࠕ⚾ࡗ࡚ᖾ⚟ࡣᝬᝬ࡛࠶ࡿࠖᑐࡍࡿᅇµࡍ࡞ࢃࡕಶேࡗ࡚ࡢᖾ ⚟ࡢᐃ̿ࡶࡋࡃࡣࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡋ࡚ࡣ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡼࡾศᯒࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡎ᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᑐRyff (1989) ࡢ well-being ࡢ⌮ਭⓗᐃ̿¬ࢆཧͳࡋ࡞ ࡀࡽศᆞ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࠋ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢᩘࡣ༑ศ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢᕪ␗ࡀ࠶ ࡾࡘࡘ↹႗࡞ࡾࡍࡂ࡞࠸ 7 ಶ๓ᚋ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶ 61 ௬⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡓศᆞ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࣮ࣜࣝࣝࢆࡢᅜࡶࢌⓗᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚☜৶ࢆ ࠾ࡇ࡞࠸ᚲोࡀ࠶ࢀࡤಟṇࢆຍ࠼ࡓࠋࡑࡢȆᯝ᭱Ǻⓗࢢᜢ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞ྛᅜ ඹ೫ࡢศᆞ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࢆసᡂࡋࡓࢢᜢࠋ ࡇࡢศᆞ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ๎ࡋ࡚©͵ᅇࡢศᯒᦠࢃࡗࡓࣥຓ͵୍ྡࡀࢹ࣮ࢱ ࢆ⊂W 20 ಶࡎࡘࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡋ୍Ҥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣ༠એࡋࢥ࣮ࢹ ࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡢ⌮ॾࢆ῝ࡵࡲࡓྠࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝࡢ॒┤ࡋࡸ᫂ǭࢆ ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢഓ⛬ࢆ 5 ᅇˎࡾಹࡋࡓᚋ୍Ҥ⋡ࡀ 90ᜓࢆ୨࠼ࡿࡲ࡛Ᏻᐃ ࡋࡓࡇࡀ☜৶ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ṧࡾࡣูಶࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ༠એࡋ࡚Ỵᐃࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ᅇࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡼࡿศ ᯒ࡛ࡣᅁᅜࡢ Q3 ࡢͫলࡀᮍ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵḞᦆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙Ȇᯝॾจࠚ ࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡉࢀࡓȆᯝࢆྛᅜࡢᅇµᩘయ༨ࡵࡿⓒศ⋡࡛♧ࡋ ࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ 8 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ7 ࢝ᅜࡑࢀࡒࢀ 9 ࡘࡢኚᩘࢆࡶࡘࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡇࡢȆ ᯝࢆࡶᅜၯẚుࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡓࡵࡣయࢆಠ▔ࡋࡘࡘ༳ⓗ࡞ᕪ␗╔┠ࡋ࡚ ॾจࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺࠸࠺᪉ἲࢆࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᡭἲ࡛ࡣॾจ५ᛶࡸព ᛶࢆక࠺࠾ࡑࢀࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡓ᫂ࡢࡓࡵእᤄⓗࡢ◊"࣭ਚᰝࡢȆᯝࡸᩥਭ ࡞ࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚༑ศ࡞᰿ᣐࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᙇࡉࢀࡿȆᯝ࠸࠺ ࡼࡾᚋࡢᩥẚుਚᰝࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞५ⅬࡢྍЏᛶࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿ௬⏕ᡂⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ࠶ࡽࡌࡵ᩿ࡗ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡉ࡚ᅗ 8 ࢆࡳࡿ͵ࡢඹᏑࡸਚࢆඃඛࡍࡿᣦྥ࡛࠶ࡿࠕඹᏑࠖࡣ࠸ࡎࢀ ࡢᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡢࡶࡗࡶᨭපⓗ࡞ोᅉ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣඛ ࡋࡓ Q1ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡢศᯒȆᯝࡢഴྥ୍Ҥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋᅜูࡢ≉ᚩ╔┠ࡍࡿ ࢫ࣌ࣥ᪥ᮏࡀᅜẚ࡚ ࠕඹᏑࠖࡢྜࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ᅜࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ Q1ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖ࠾ࡼࡧ Q2ࠕᖾឤ࡛ࠖࡣ͵ ࡢಀࡀฌोख़ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᅜ࡛࠶ࡾ୍॒┦ࡍࡿȆᯝࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢᅜ ࡢᅇµ͵ࡢᒓᛶሗࡼࡿᅜࡼࡾࡶྠᒃ⋡ࡀከ࠸(⊂ᒃ⋡ࡀᑡ࡞࠸)࠸࠺≉ᚩ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ලయⓗ࡞⌧ᐇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ ࠕඹᏑࠖࡀฌो࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡣࡎࡢ ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋҜศࡗ࡚ࡢࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡸࠕᖾ⚟ࡢᐃ࡛̿ࠖࡣࡑࢀ࠶ࡲࡾ ཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠕᖾ⚟५࡛ࠖࡣҜศࡢ⌧ἣࢃࡿࡇ࠸ ࠺ࡼࡾᕼᮃࡸពᅗࢃࡿࡸࡸᢳⓗ࡞ᅇµࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࢫ࣌ࣥ᪥ ᮏ࠾࠸࡚͵ࡢඹᏑࡣࡍ࡛⌧ᐇⓗᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ලయⓗฟ᮶ࡸප ៖‶ࡕࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢳⓗ⌮ࡣࡴࡋࢁᫎࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ලయⓗ࡞ᖾ⚟ឤࡸᖾឤࡢोᅉ/≧ἣᖾ ⚟ࠕ५ࠖࡸព॒ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿोǢࡀ␗࡞ࡿͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡣᚋࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࡢ࢝ ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡶ॒ࡽࢀࡓࠋ 62 ฐຩⓗ࡞⋓ᚓࡸࢆҜศࡗ࡚ࡢᖾ⚟ࡔᐃ̿ࡍࡿࠕȂ῭ࠖࡣᅗ 8 ࡼࡿ ᪥ᮏࢻࢶࡑࡋ࡚Օᅜ࠾࠸࡚ከࡃ॒ࡽࢀ࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡛ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ ࡿࠋȂ῭ⓗᡂ࿇ࢆഉࡆࡓᅜ࡛Ȃ῭ⓗ⋓ᚓࡀᖾ⚟ࡢᐃ̿ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀȂ῭ⓗ ᡂ࿇ࡢୖ࠶ࡿᅜ࡛ࡣȂ῭ⓗ⋓ᚓࡣᖾ⚟ឤࡢᐃ̿ࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸࠸࠺Ȇᯝࡢ ࡼ࠺ࡶᛮ࠼ࡿࡀࡑ࠺༢Ǘ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋOECD ࡢᥦ౪ࡍࡿ 2010 ᖺࡢਚᰝ ࡼࢀࡤᅜẸ 1 ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢ GDP ࡣ᪥ᮏࢻࢶՕᅜࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢlj 2.5 ಸ࡛࠶ࡾůᅜࡣlj 3 ಸ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖঠࡢ௬࡛ࡣůᅜࢆྵࡵ࡚᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓGDP ࡢᡂ࿇⋡ࡣ2008 ᖺࡽ 2010 ᖺࡢ 3 ᖺ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏՕᅜ ࡣ࣐ࢼࢫᡂ࿇ࢻࢶ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡣࡰᶓࡤ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ(OECD, 2011)࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ ᡂ࿇⋡ࡢ୍૿ࡋࡓೳࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺Ȃ῭ⓗ࡞࣡⚟ࡉࡸᡂ࿇⋡ࡢᣦᶆ ᅇࡢȆᯝࡢೳࡣ॒࠸ࡔࡋࡃ࠸ࠋࡦࡘࡢྍЏᛶࡋ࡚ࡣ♫ⓗ࣭Ȃ῭ ⓗၥᒙᕪࡢࡁ࠸࣓࢟ࢩࢥ࡛ࡣࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺࢆ⏝ࡍࡿேࠎࡣẚుⓗ࣡⚟࡞ᒙ࡛ ࠶ࡾȂ῭ⓗ࡞⋓ᚓࡸࡀࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖࡋ࡚ࢢWࡗ࡚ฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶͳ࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࡀᚋࡢᅜࡢȆᯝࡶྵࡵࡉࡽ࡞ࡿॾจࡀᚲो࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ┠ᶆࢆങᡂࡋࡓࡾࡸࡾࡀ࠸ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇࢆࢌ࠺࠸ࡗࡓࠕങᡂࠖࢆࠕᖾ⚟ࡢᐃ̿ࠖ ࡍࡿẚ⋡ࡣ᪥ᮏࢻࢶ࠾࠸࡚ᅜࡼࡾపࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢȆᯝࡣ᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣ ࠕQ1 ᖾ⚟ឤࠖࠕQ2 ᖾឤ࡛ࠖࡢȆᯝࡢഴྥ୍Ҥࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋࢻࢶ࡛ࡣࠕങ ᡂࠖࡣ ࠕQ1 ᖾ⚟ឤࠖ࠾࠸࡚ࡣᅜࡼࡾࡶฟ⌧⋡ࡀࡃࠕQ2 ᖾឤࠖ࠾࠸࡚ ࡶ᭱ࡶฌो࡞ᅯᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡢȆᯝࡀฟࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣ ࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖ ࠕᖾឤࠖࡢලయⓗ࡞ोᅉࠕᖾ⚟ࠖᑐࡍࡿព॒ࡸែᗘࡢೳᛶࡣỴࡋ୍࡚ᵝ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ୧͵ࢆ༢Ǘྠ୍ख़ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃ ࡕ୧͵ࡢ࠶࠸ࡔࡢࡼ࠺࡞ोᅉࡀࡢࡼ࠺స⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡣᅜู␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿྍЏᛶࡀ࠶ࡾᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚు࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡍ࡚ࡢᅜࢆྠࡌᵓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ᫂ ࡍࡿࡤࡾ࡛࡞ࡃࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᅜ࠾࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿࣔࢹࣝࡀᚲो࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇࡶ♧ ၀ࡉࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⏕άࡀГࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡃᖹ↓ഓࡂ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆᖾ⚟ࡢᐃ̿ࡍࡿࠕᖹᏳࠖ ࡣ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ᅜࡼࡾẚ⋡ࡀࡃ࣓࢟ࢩࢥՕᅜ࠾࠸࡚పࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ OECD ࡢਚᰝ (OECD, 2009) ࡼࡿ≢̕ࣅᐖ͵ࡢᑐேཱྀẚࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ 2005 ᖺ࡛ࡣ 10ᜓ‶ࡓࡎ (ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ༙ศࡣҜయత┐Ⴄࣅᐖ࡛࠶ࡿ)᪥ᮏࡣࡶࡗࡶ♫ ⓗ࡞Ᏻᗘࡀ࠸ᅜࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣓࢟ࢩࢥՕᅜࡣᅇࡢศᯒᑐᅜࡢ ୰࡛ࡣࡶࡗࡶ≢̕ࣅᐖ͵ࡢᑐேཱྀẚࡀከ࠸(࣓࢟ࢩࢥ 18.7ᜓ) (Օᅜ 21.0ᜓ)ࠋࡇࡢ▩ ┪ࡋࡓȆᯝᑐࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢ௬ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ ࠕᖹᏳࠖࡣᮃࡵࡤᚓࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ ࣓࢟ࢩࢥՕᅜ࡛ࡣᮃࢇ࡛ࡶᚓࡃ࠸ࡺ࠼ᖾ⚟५ࡣูࡢᅯᇦࡀពࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࠕᖹᏳࠖࡣࣜࢫࢡࢆෑࡉ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶ ྵពࡍࡿࡢ࡛᪥ᮏࡢሙྜࡣᅜࡼࡾࣜࢫࢡࢆෑࡉࡎᖹᏳ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀฌख़ࡉࢀ࣓ 63 ࢟ࢩࢥࡸՕᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠸ ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶ ࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡢᙧᡂࡣࣽ႗࡞ोᅉࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆJࢃࡏࡿࠋ ᖾ⚟ࡣҜศࡢែᗘࡸࢌືͳ࠼᪉౫ࡿࡇࢁࡀࡁ࠸ࡍࡿࠕែᗘࠖࡣůᅜ ࠾࠸࡚ᅜࡼࡾࡶẚ⋡ࡀࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ ࠕᖾ⚟ࠖᑐࡍࡿయࡢ৶ઁࡢ Џືᛶ (ࡓ࠼≧ἣҜయࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ) ࢆᙉਚࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓ྥࡁϟᐃⓗ ពࢆ॒࠸ࡔࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡿ࠸࠺࣏ࢪࢸࣦ࡞ᣦྥᛶࡣůᅜ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ Ehrenreich (2008) ࡞࡛ᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࡇࡢ≉ᚩ↓ʅ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡲ࠸ࠋࡋࡋ ᑐࡋ࡚ϟᐃⓗពࢆ॒࠸ࡔࡏࡎࠕᖾࠖࡔឤࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡁࡑࢀࡀҜᕫࡢ ৶ઁࡸែᗘᖐᒓࡉࡏࡽࢀࡿ࡞ࡽࡤҜᑛឤࡢపୗȆࡧࡘࡃࡢࡔ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᖾ⚟ࡢҜศ࡞ࡾࡢ५ⓗ࡞ӽࡅࢆࡋ࡞࠸ࠕ५ᛕࠖ(ࡓ࠼ࡤࠕᖾ⚟ࡣẖ᪥ࡢ⏕άࠖ ࠕ࠶ ࡽࡺࡿࡶࡢࠖ࡞ࡢᅇµ)ࡣůᅜ࠾࠸࡚ᅜࡼࡾࡶฟ⌧⋡ࡀప࠸ࡀࡇࢀࡣ ᖾ⚟ࡢᢳⓗᐃ̿ࡣࠕែᗘࠖࡀከࡃ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺Q3 ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡼࡿศᯒࡢȆᯝࡢॾจࡣࡲࡔࡲ ࡔᬻᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠕᖾ⚟ឤࠖࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍Ҥࡏࡎ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ࠶࠸ࡔࡢಀࢆǭࡸͳᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ ࠕᖾ ⚟ឤࠖࠕᖾ⚟५ࠖࡢ୧͵ࢆྵࢇࡔᖾ⚟ࡍࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ␗ ᩥ࡛ྠࡌࡶࡢࡀപ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀᖾ⚟ឤ◊"࠾ ࡅࡿ᪉ἲਭࡍࡿ▱॒ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲ ࡵ ᮏਭ࡛ࡣᖾ⚟ឤࡢᅜၯẚుਚᰝࡢ SCT ࡢⓗศᯒࢆ೫ࡋ࡚ᖾ⚟ឤࡌࡿࡁ ᖾឤࡌࡿࡁᖾ⚟ࡢᐃ̿ࡍࡿᩥẚుࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᖾ⚟ឤᖾឤࡑࡋ ࡚ᖾ⚟ᑐࡍࡿᐃ࡛̿ࡣࡑࢀࡽࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᅯᇦࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍Ҥࡋ࡞࠸ࡇॉḢ ᮾࢪ࠸ࡗࡓᩥẚుࡢᑐẚస௨እࡶከࡃࡢࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࡇ ࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓಶูⓗ࡞ᩥẚుࡍࡿȆᯝࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ͵ࡢ ࢃࡾࡣ୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ࡢពઁࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ฌो࡛࠶ࡿࡇ ᪥ᮏࡸᅁᅜ࡛ࡣ͵ ඹᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡑࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶඹάືࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡀᖾ⚟ࢆឤࡌࡿࡓࡵ ฌख़ࡉࢀࡿ¬ࡢҶ῝࠸Ȇᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᚋࡣࡉࡽศᯒᑐᅜࢆቑࡸࡋࡲࡓศᯒᑐࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱᩘࡶቑࡸࡍࡇ ࡛ᮏਭ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ௬ࡣࡉࡽƝʃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓᛶᕪ ᖺᔻ̼࡞ࡢᅇµ͵ࡢᒓᛶ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩘฎⓗࢹ࣮ࢱࡼࡿᣦᶆ¬ࢆእⓗኚᩘࡋ࡚ͳ ៖ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡛ᩘฎⓗศᯒࡢೳࡣࡼࡾࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ ࡇࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 64 ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ Diener, E. & Dierner. M. (1995). Cross cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663. Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43. Ehrenreich, B. (2008). Bright-sided: How the relentless promotion of positive thinking has undermined america. Metropolitan Books. OECD (2009). Factbook 2009. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-factbook-2009_factbook-2009-en (2012 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 5 ᪥⌧ᅾ) OECD (2011). Factbook 2011-2012. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-factbook_18147364 (2012 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 5 ᪥⌧ᅾ) Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081. Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V. & and Kitayama, S. (2004). Cultural constructions of happiness: Theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5, 223-239. WᇻᏛ⏘ᴗ♫Ꮫൺ࣭ᵽཱྀ΄୍Ặࣷసࡼࡿࣇ࣮ࣜࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘http://khc.sourceforge.net/ ୖ࡛පᕸࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋ ii ᆆฟࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮࣡ࢻࡢ 8 ௨ୗࡣฟ⌧ᆆᗘࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃࡲࡓᅜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ 7 ࡲ࡛ ࡛᮰ࡍࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ7 ࡲ࡛ࢆঠࡋࡓࠋ i 65 ࢢ1Ͳ1℆ ࢢ1 1℆ SCTΎᑐῙᅇµ ᪥ᮏ Q1: ᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ Q2: ᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ Q3: ᖾ⚟΅ᐃ̿ Ҝ⏤Ύࢌືῧ῍ᾩ᮰ʑῚ ዲ῍ῪΐῨῌῧ῍ ̮ῗῄ ΅‒ᇇΌᾨ̮ῗῄᬒ ӽ‒०ῗῄேῨ॒῟ ᐙ᪘΅ᆖῌᥞΰ῟ᇇ ఱΉΎክ୰ΎῪΰῦῄ ᐙ᪘ῧ௰ӻ῏Ὴῗ Ό ങῨῊῗ Ό ῗῦῄ ᴦῗΉΰ῟ ᾨᎰῗΉΰ῟ ┦ᡭῌ႐–ῧ῏῟ ᛮΰ῟೫ ฟ᮶῟ ῟ῄΐῨῌ ῦ Ẽ΅ῂΰ῟ேങῨྠῘ୳Ύ ΰῦῄ ᖹซῪ᪥ᖖ‒ೖ ᐙ᪘ ேᾨλሙ΅ேಀ ῌῆ῾῏ࢌΰῦ Ὴභ‒ᇗ–ῧῄ ୍᪥ῌ↓ΎǺΰ῟ ᪥ῌ↓ΎǺΰ῟ ῌᡂຌῧǺΰ῟Ῠ῍ ῙΌ῍ΐῨῌῧ῍῟ ఱ Ῑ ఱ ῙΐῨῌ↓ῄ Ҝศ΅ᛮῄῨȆᯝῌചΰ῟ ேῨῪῘ ῦῄῪῄ ಎῄẼᣢῡΎῪΰ῟Ῠ῍ ఏಶῪே‒ኻΰ῟Ῠ῍ ҜศῌᅩᙇῪῄ ⌮ᑾῪᢅῄ‒ཷῑ῟ῨឤῘ ၄Ύࢌΰ῟Ῠ῍ ᜊேῨῄҜ⏤ῪῌῪῄ Ҝศ΅ຊ‒ឤῘ῟ ਥῄ΅୰Ύῄ ேΎᝏព‒ྥῑ῟ ྥῑ ேΎᝏព‒ྥῑ῟ ᾨྥῑ ῟ ῗ῟ ῌῆ῾῏ῄΉῚҜศ΅Џຊ ΅ప‒ឤῘ ᖾῠῨᛮῪῄ ᖾῠ Ὺ ≧ἣΎ ΰῦேῨ΅῍Ὺച ῄ‒ឤῘ῟ ኻᩋῌȶ῏ ேῨேῨ΅ῤῪῌ ᛮῄ೫ Ύ⏕῍ ΐῨ ඹΎ⏕῍⁏⁺⁆⁈⁺Ῠᬽ Ῑ ᚰῌિΉῪΐῨῧῂ Ẽᣢῡῌ‶῟ΐῨ ҜศҜఏῧῄ ᚰΎ Ῠ ῌῂΐῨᾩ Ẽ῾῾Ύ⏕῍ ΐῨῧῂ ឡῙேῨῂ⛬ᗘ࣡⚟Ὺ⏕ά‒ ೖΰῦῄῧῂᾩ ΉΉῦ΅ேῌᖾ⚟Ῠᛮΰῦ ῄ῟ῠῑῪ ேῨῗῦᙜ῟ ๓΅ືసῌՎ Ὺ῏ฟ᮶ΐῨῧῂᾩ ᑡῗῧ ῄῄΉ ᾨҜศ΅ῌ ᣢ ῟ ῍ ᣢῦ῟Ῠ῍ Ὴῄῗῄ ΅‒ᇇΌῦῄῧῂ ఏಶΎῂ ΅ ⌧Ⅼῧ`ഢῄ ΅ Ⴌ΅ ῆΎҜ⏤ῪẼศ΅Ῠ῍Ύ⏕Ῐ ࢢ1Ͳ2℆ ࢢ1 2℆ SCTΎᑐῙᅇµ ‵‱ Q1: ᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ Q2: ᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ Q3: ᖾ⚟΅ᐃ̿ ᐙ᪘ᾨேῨ୍ɤΎῄ ≀ῌও⏬೫ ῆ῾῏ ῏ ≀ῌও⏬೫ ῆ῾῏ῄ῏ ḧῗῄ ΅ῌൺᡭΎධ ≀ῌⓙΎῨΰῦῆ῾῏ῄ῏΅‒॒ ᐙ᪘ᾨேᾨዲ῍ῪேῨ୍ɤΎῄ ऄ ᪑ࢌΎࢌ῏ ຮᙉ ྠ6Ύฟ ຮᙉᾨᾨྠ6Ύฟ ῦῆ῾῏ῄ῏ ୍ேῧῄ ዲ῍Ὺ‒Ῑ ᐙ᪘Ῠ୍ɤΎῄ ⓗῪΐῨ‒Ῑ ങᡂῗῦᢪ῍ῗ ῦ ῆ ఱΉ‒ങᡂῙ ┠ᶆ‒ങᡂῙ ୧०Ῠ፧lj͵Ῠῆ῾῏ῄ῏ ࿘ ΅ேῌ–Ὺῆ῾῏ῄΰῦῄ ≀ῌও⏬೫ ΎࢌΉῪῄᾩ ኻᩋ ఱ ῙΐῨῌ↓ῄ ≀ῌᮃ–ῠ ῆΎῄΉῪῄ ҜศΎᚰ‒ྥῑῦ ῈῪῄ ၥᆏῌῂΰῦॾỴῧ῍Ὺῄ Ήேῌᝏ‒ാῄῦҜศ῟ῡΎ ᦆኻ‒Ὲᾩ ᜍ΅ឤῧῄ ῄΎῪ ῦῄ ᜍ΅ឤῧῄΰῄΎῪΰῦῄᾩ ၥᆏῌῂᾩ ≀ῌῆ῾῏ࢌΉῪῄῨ῍ᾩ ᐙᗞෆῧῑ–ΉῌῂῨ῍ᾩ Ꮫᰯ΅ᡂʬῌᝏῄᾩΉῨῑ–Ή Ῑᾩ ┠ᶆῌങᡂῧ῍Ὺῄᾩ ษῪேΎῈῪ῏Ὺ ษῪேΎῈῪ῏Ὺᾩ Ꮩ⊂ ពᛮỴᐃῌฟ᮶Ὺῄ ┠ᶆ‒ങᡂῙᾩ Ҝศ ேῨӻ ≧ែ Ҝศ ேῨӻῄ≧ែῧῄᾩ ῦᾩ ୍␒ዲ῍Ὺῌฟ᮶ᾩ Ҝศ ே ඖẼῧῄΐῨᾩ Ҝศ‒৶ ῦ῏ேῌῄ ᚰපῌῪῄΐῨᾩ ౯್΅ῂ᪉ἲῧඹᏑῧ῍ ῆ༠ാ Ῑ Ῡ–ῪΎᑠ῏ῦ ᾨῦ΅▐Ύῂ ΅ ឡῙேῨ୍ɤΎῄᾩ ≀ῌῆ῾῏ࢌΰ῟Ῠ῍Ύᾨᖾ⚟ΎῪ ᾨ ᖾ⚟‒ఏῈᾨ῝‒ඹ᭷ῧ῍ேῌῄ ᾩ Ҝ⏤ ਚ ዲ῍Ὺ‒Ỵ Ҝ⏤ᾨਚᾨዲ῍Ὺ‒Ỵ ᾩ Ҝศ΅Ỵ᩿‒ேΎᕥྑῪ῏ῦῄ ῄΐῨ ே⏕΅ῂ ▐ᾨῂ ǭൺ‒ ᴦῗ ᾩ 66 ࢢ៎៉៍ូ℆ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺ ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇ ‱ ⁅‡ⁱ⁇ ᐙ ᪘ ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺΅᫂ ‱ ⁅‡ⁱ΅ ᫂ ྵ῾༢ਂ ྠᒃῗῦῄேື≀ᾩูᒃῗῦῄࢁʅ͵ ฌोῪ͵ ᐙ᪘ᅋḗጔኵ⁘⁁⁆୧०ẕ०ᏞᐙᗞᏊῩ ᐇ ᐙᐙேፉΐῩ ०ᐦῪಀΎῂ͵ ≉ูῪព‒ ῤ͵ ങேᜊேษῪேዲ῍ῪேఏಶῪேᙼዪ ०ᐦῪಀΎῂ͵≉ูῪព‒ ῤ͵ ങ ே ᜊே ษῪே ዲ῍Ὺே ఏಶῪே ᙼዪ ᢳ῟͵ ≉ᐃ΅ಀᛶ ≉ᐃ΅ே≀ῌ♧Ὺῄ͵ ே–ῪΉ࿘ᅖ΅ே࿘ ⓙ ୍ɤΎῄ ≉ᐃ΅άື`᫂♧ῚඹΎῄΐῨῌฌख़ ≉ᐃ΅άື`᫂♧Ὶ ඹΎῄΐῨῌฌख़ ୍ɤὶᅖ ῦῄ ΅ ୍ேῧῄ ୍ேῧῄΐῨῌฌख़ῦῄ ΅ ୍ேῧҜศῠῑῧ ӻዲῪேಀ ͵Ῠ΅ӻዲῪேಀ͵Ή ΅ϟᐃⓗ ••┒ ୖῌӻዲ‶ਟඃῗῄឤឡῙ ো౯ ῆ৶ ᚲोῨᴦῗῄ ዲ῍ῪΐῨᾨҜ⏤ ഏῶ Ὴῗ Ό ৠ ৠῙ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ Ҝ⏤ ῗ῟ῄ ഏῶῊῗ Ό ৠৠῙዲ῍ῪΐῨҜ⏤ῗ῟ῄ ≉ᐃ΅άືῌ᫂♧῝΅άືῌᅇµ͵Ύ ῆΎఇ୳ഏῶ‰⁺⁞ᐷῶ ῶ ఱ ΊῚ Ῠΰῦዲ῾ῗῄ ΅ᾩ Ώΰΐ ΅–ῳ ΰ῟ ᇇΌභ ᖾ⚟Ὺឤ ᆖῆᎰῗῄឤືῙΰ῍ ‶ᚰῌિΉᴦῗῄ ᖾ ᖾΊᥭ‶῟ῙẼศ Ẽ ᖾ⚟ឤΎೳῙឤ≧ែ ഉῒങᡂᡂᯝॾỴᡂຌᐇῙΌ῍ΐῨᐇ⌧ ఱΉ‒ᡂῗഉῒ῟ ῝΅῟ Ύດຊ‒ῗ῟ Ῑ ୍⏕ᠱᛮῆ ῆΎດຊ≺ῄȆᯝᛮῆ೫ ྔῆ ΐῨ ᡂ࿇ᅩᙇⓎ॒ ᭷Џឤ⁹ങᡂឤ ᖾῌ↓ῄ ᖾ ᚰපᝎῪῩῌῪῄΐῨ ᝎᚰපၥᆏᚋ‷⁆‷ (௨ୖྰᐃਂ‒కῆ)↓ ᖹඖẼᗣᖹซᬑ೫ ΉᏳᐃᖹ⇍╧ Ȃ῭ⓗ Ȃ῭ΎῙΐῨ ฐධȂ῭Ὴฐȕᩱ Ҝ ↛ Ҝ↛ΎῙΐῨ Ҝ↛%ၗῠ῾ ᗞ᳜≀%ݯ ࢢᜨ ࠕᖾࢆឤࡌࡿࡁࠖࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢ࣭࣮ࣝࣝ ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇ ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇΅᫂ ྵ῾༢ਂ΅ ྠᒃῗῦῄேື≀ᾩูᒃῗῦῄࢁʅ͵ ᐙ᪘ᅋḗጔኵ⁘⁁⁆୧०ẕ०ᏞᐙᗞᏊῩ ᐇᐙᐙ ேፉΐῩ ฌोῪ͵ ०ᐦῪಀΎῂ͵≉ูῪព‒ ῤ͵ ങேᜊேษῪேዲ῍ῪேఏಶῪேᙼዪ ᢳ῟͵ ≉ᐃ΅ಀᛶ ≉ᐃ΅ே≀ῌ♧Ὺῄ͵ ே–ῪΉ࿘ᅖ΅ே࿘ ⓙ ຮᙉᾩ̿ົⓗΎῊΐῪῆ ΅ λሙ ῟῏ῪῄΐῨᆏୖྖ†⁎•⁆♫⁛⁺ ⁆ Ꮫᰯ ೫ ᐇቲ ຮᏛ ᐇ͖ ῗῪῑῪ Ὺῄ ⁆Ꮫᰯ೫ᐇቲຮᏛᐇ͖ῗῪῑῪ Ὺῄ ᝏῄேಀ͵Ή ΅ྰᐃⓗো౯ ῆ῾῏ῄΉῪῄ௰῟ῌῄ΅΅ῗࣜษ` ⌮ᑾῪῄ ῌῗᝏពఽڌ᎘ῆ↓ख़ਇॾఏᡭയῤῑῪῘ Ὺῄ ਥῄ᭱ప႖ვ॒ᨺῙᕪูྰᐃᣄྰῄῌῂῄ ᐙ ᪘ ேಀ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ᖾῪឤ ᖾῪฟ᮶ ពᡂᯝ Ẽ┠ᶆሗῆȆᯝ ῌῄᐇࢌᅩᙇ ҜศῌࢌῆΐῨῌങᡂῧ῍ῪῄȆᯝῌฟῪῄ ങᡂῙΐῨῌḧῗῄ (௨ୖྰᐃࢢ⌧‒కῆ)ኻᩋࣜ┠ኻᩋ (†․⁆ ⁞΅ฌख़) ᢡῗ῏Ῐ ྰᐃⓗῪឤ‒ឤῘῦῄ≧ែ ẼῌῐᝒῗῄՎ③ೕᒅᛣ ᜍ Ҝศ ͵ΎᖾῪฟ᮶ῌୣ῍ΐῨ ẼΎῪᡃ‒ῙՎῗ ῲῩῄ Ύῂῆ ↓ຊឤ ᛮῆ ῆΎ ᛮΰ῟ ῆΎ ͳῈ೫ Ҝศ΅ຊ (௨ୖྰᐃࢢ⌧‒క ᛮῆ ῆΎᛮΰ῟ ῆΎͳῈ೫ Ҝศ΅ຊ (௨ୖ ྰᐃࢢ⌧‒క Ҝศ΅᭷ЏᛶῌῙ῟ Ύῆ῾῏ῄΉῪ ῆ)ఱ ῧ῍Ὺῄຊ↓ຊჰຊῆ῾῏ῄΉῪῄᅔႤඵ᪉ ῄ (Џຊ΅ฌख़) ሰ Ҝ⏤΅Ḟዴ Ҝ⏤ҜᚊⓗΎῪῪῄῂῄ`῝΅ῌ Ҝ⏤Ҝศ΅ῗ῟ῄ ῆΎ (௨ୖྰᐃࢢ⌧‒కῆ)വΌῪῄ Ὺῄ ไlj ῌῪῄ ᮰ʑ ᙉไ Ҝ⏤ ᎘ῪΐῨ ῭Ὺ Ὺῄ ไljῌῪῄ᮰ʑᙉไҜ⏤᎘ῪΐῨ῭Ὺ Ὺῄ Ꮩ ⊂ ͵Ῠ΅ಀᛶῌᏑᅾῗῪῄῂῄ`ዣ Ύ ങ௰῍ྜῈே (௨ୖྰᐃࢢ⌧‒కῆ)Ꮩ ῦῄ ⊂୍ேῼΰῡឡῪῄॾΰῦ ῈῪῄᐢῗῄ ႙ኻͱῄ ᗣ Սయຊ‒ኻῆῂῄ`͵‒ኻῆ ูஸ῏ῙṚএሗኻῆᖺͱῄ Ȃ῭ⓗၥᆏ Ȃ῭ⓗῪᅔCᅽῪῩ ῊฐฐḞૻῗῄଃฐవ࣡⁺ⁱᐙওᖺ 67 ࢢ៏៉៍℆ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳᆆฟ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇ ោୖ៓ៅ ᅜ ᅠ ៍ ៎ ៏ ័ ៑ ្ ៓ ᪥ ᮏ ᅁ ᅜ ů ᅜ ‵ ‵‱ ‷⁘•ⁱ Օ ᅜ ⁇•⁂ ᐙ᪘ ᐙ᪘ ୍ɤΎῄ ୍ɤΎῄ ୍ɤΎῄ ฌोῪ͵ ᭷Џឤ⁹ങᡂឤ ៎៑៊៌េ ៎័៊័េ ៏។៊៕េ ៏៓៊័េ ័៑៊៏េ ័។៊៓េ ៏៎៊៌េ ᐙ᪘ ᐙ᪘ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑᾨ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑ Ҝ⏤ ᭷Џឤ⁹ങᡂឤ ฌोῪ͵ ᐙ᪘ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑᾨ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑ Ҝ⏤ ៍។៊៎េ ៎៏៊្េ ៏៍៊៑េ ៏៑៊៑េ ៏័៊៕េ ៎្៊៍េ ៎្៊។េ ᭷Џឤ⁹ങᡂឤ ᭷Џឤ ങᡂឤ ฌोῪ͵ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑ ዲ῍Ὺ Ῠ‒Ῑ ୍ɤΎῄ ɤΎῄ ៎្៊័េ ៎៍៊៓េ ៍៌៊៏េ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑ ᢳ῟͵ Ҝ⏤ Ҝ⏤ ៍៓៊័េ ៎៍៊៍េ ៎៑៊៕េ ៏៏៊្េ ӻዲῪேಀ ᖾ⚟Ὺឤ ᭷Џឤ⁹ങᡂឤ ฌोῪ͵ ᐙ᪘ ങᡂឤᾨ ᖾ⚟Ὺឤ ៍្ ៓េ ៍្៊៓េ ៍័ ្េ ៍័៊្េ ៎៎ ៎េ ៎៎៊៎េ ៍៓ ។េ ៍៓៊។េ ៍្ ៌េ ៍្៊៌េ ៍៕ ៍េ ៍៕៊៍េ ៕ ៏េ ៕៊៏េ ฌोῪ͵ ୍ɤΎῄ ᐙ᪘ ᖾ⚟Ὺឤ ᭷Џឤ⁹ങᡂឤ ᖾ⚟Ὺឤ ᖾῌῪῄ ៍៏៊្េ ៍័៊្េ ៍័៊។េ ៍៏៊៍េ ៍័៊៎េ ៍័៊។េ ៕៊៏េ ୍ɤΎῄ ᖾ⚟Ὺឤ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒Ῑ ӻዲῪேಀ ӻዲῪேಀ ᗣ ្៊៍េ ។៊៏េ ៍៎៊៕េ ៓៊៏េ ៑៊្េ ៕៊័េ ៑៊៓េ ᖾῌ↓ῄ ᗣ ᖾΊῪฟ᮶ ୍ேῧῄ ਚ ៍៎៊៍េ ៓៊៏េ ៎៊។េ ៎៊។េ ៎៊។េ ᢳ῟͵ ᢳ῟͵ ៑៊៎េ ៓៊៎េ ὀៅូྛ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇΅ⓒศ⋡`ྛᅜ΅ᅇµᩘ΅୰ῧ΅ฟ⌧⋡‒♧Ῑ ࢢ៏៉៎℆ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳᆆฟ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇ ោୖ៓ៅ ᅜ ᅠ ៍ ៎ ៏ ័ ៑ ្ ៓ ᪥ ᮏ ᅁ ᅜ ů ᅜ ‵‱ ‷⁘•ⁱ Օ ᅜ ⁇•⁂ ேಀ ಀ ങᡂឤ Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ Ꮩ⊂ ങᡂឤ Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ Ḟዴ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ៎័៊័េ ៎៍៊៌េ ៏៎៊៍េ ័៌៊៓េ ៎៓៊័េ ៏។៊៑េ ៏៎៊៌េ ᖾῪឤ ேಀ ୡ⏺ᾨ͵΅ᖾ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ᖾῪឤ ᖾῪឤ ៍៏៊័េ ៍្៊៍េ ៍៎៊។េ ៎៌៊័េ ៎៍៊៓េ ៍័៊៓េ ៍។៊្េ ങᡂឤ΅Ḟዴ ேಀ ᖾῪឤᛌ ᐙ᪘ ฌोῪ͵ ேಀ ᐙ᪘ ៍៎៊្េ ៍្៊៍េ ៍៍៊៕េ ៍៏៊៌េ ៍៓៊៕េ ៍៏៊។េ ៍៓៊៑េ ↓ຊឤ ᐙ᪘ Ꮩ⊂ Ꮩ⊂ ᖾῪฟ᮶ Ꮩ⊂ ᖾῪฟ᮶ ៍៍៊៌េ ៍៏៊៓េ ៍៍៊៌េ ៕៊៏េ ៍៑៊៍េ ៍៏៊។េ ៍៎៊័េ ᢳ῟͵ Ȃ῭ⓗၥᆏ ᖾῪฟ᮶ ᖾῪឤ ேಀ ‷⁆‷ ᗣ ៍៌៊៎េ ៍៎៊៕េ ៍៍៊៌េ ៕៊៏េ ៍៏៊៎េ ៍៎៊។េ ៍៍៊៏េ Ꮩ⊂ ᗣ Ҝᕫ᎘ᝏ ᖾῪฟ᮶ ᢳ῟͵ ᖾῪฟ᮶ ேಀ ។ ៓េ ។៊៓េ ៍៌ ៑េ ៍៌៊៑េ ៍៌ ៍េ ៍៌៊៍េ ។ ៏េ ។៊៏េ ៓ ្េ ៓៊្េ ៍៍ ៕េ ៍៍៊៕េ ។ ៏េ ។៊៏េ ᗣ Ꮩ⊂ ♫΅ṇ̿ ᖾῪឤ ᢳ῟͵ ។៊៓េ ។៊៕េ ៕៊៎េ ្៊៑េ ្៊្េ ៕៊៎េ ៓៊៎េ ὀៅូྛ‱⁺⁅‡ⁱ⁹⁺⁇΅ⓒศ⋡`ྛᅜ΅ᅇµᩘ΅୰ῧ΅ฟ⌧⋡‒♧Ῑ 68 ࢢ័℆ ᾲᖾ⚟΅ᐃ̿ᾳศᆞ ⁄′⁺Ῠศᆞᇶ‽ ⁄′⁺ ศᆞᇶ‽Ῠྵ῾ਂ ങ ᡂ Ҝศῌពᅗῗ῟ΐῨ‒ᡂῗഉῒΐῨୡ⏺ΎᑐῙЏືᛶ ) ክ॒῟⏕ά‒ೖே⏕΅ᡂຌዲወᚰ‒‶῟ΊࢌືῌῨ῟ ክ॒῟⏕ά‒ೖ ே⏕΅ᡂຌ ዲወᚰ‒‶῟ΊࢌືῌῨ῟ Ҝ ⏤ Ҝศ΅ዲ ΐῨᛮῆΐῨῌҜᚊⓗ⁹Ҝ⏤Ύῧ῍ᾩ⏕῍ΐῨ‒ᴦῗ ) ே⏕‒ᴦῗ ዲ῍ῪΐῨ‒ῙҜ⏤Ύ⏕῍ ඹ Ꮡ ͵ ୡ⏺Ῠ΅ਚὶ͵ ୡ⏺΅ᖾ⚟͵Ή ឡΐῨ ো౯ΐῨ͵Ὸ΅⊩ ఏῪῩ ) ᐙ᪘ឡேΎ ῄΐῨ‒Ῑਚῗῦ⏕῍࿘ᅖῌᖾ⚟ῧῂ ឤ Ꮀῗῄᴦῗῄ‶ᐇῗῦῄῨῄΰ῟ឤ ῝΅ࢢฟ Ꮀῗῄ ᴦῗῄ ‶ ᐇῗῦῄ Ῠῄΰ῟ឤ ῝΅ࢢฟ ) ᚤ ΐῨᆖῧῄ Ẽศῌ ῄᖾΊῪᚰᐇῗῦῄΐῨ ᖹ Ᏻ ᖾ Վ③ᚰපῨῄΰ῟⁋⁄‡Ὺ ΅ῌῪῄ≧ែ ) ᚰපῨῌῪῄΐῨ ΰ῏ ῙΊ⁁‷ᖹῊῠ ΉῪẖ᪥ᬑ೫ῪΐῨ ែ ᗘ ᖾ⚟΅ᤊῈ᪉ΎᑐῗῦҜศ΅ͳῈែᗘ৶ઁ‒ฌख़ῗ῟ ᖾ⚟Ύᑐῗῦ୍ᐃ΅ಙᛕῪῩῌࢢ᫂ ῦῄ ΅ ) ῦ‒ཷῑධ᭱းΎ⏕῍Ҝศ΅ே⏕‒ឡῙẼᣢῡῗῠῄẖ᪥΅ ฌ῭ឤ ‒ῙῨᚓ ५ ᛕ ᾲᖾ⚟ᾳ΅ྠ̿ਂῸ΅ῄῈᢳⓗᐃ̿ῨῪ ᅇµ͵΅५ⓗ ព॒ࢢ᫂ῌῪῄ ΅ ) ᖾῧ`Ὺῄᛮͳ≧ែᖾ⚟ᐃ̿ῧ῍Ὺῄே⏕ῦክ῝΅ῆῡᡭΎධഢῄ Ȃ ῭ Ȃ῭ⓗᏳᐃ⏘ ᐩ΅⋓ᚓᾩ῟ῠῗ ⏕ά΅ᚰප‒ῗῪῄῧῄῄΐῨᾳῪῩ᭱పး΅᮲௳` ᖹᏳᾳ Ȃ῭ⓗᏳᐃ⏘ ᐩ΅⋓ᚓᾩ῟ῠῗᾲ⏕ά΅ᚰප‒ῗῪῄῧῄῄΐῨᾳῪῩ᭱పး΅᮲௳`ᾲᖹᏳᾳ ΎศᆞῙ ) ฐଘ⏘Ȃ῭ⓗΎ࣡⚟ ᫂ ᾲῪῗᾳᾲΉ ῪῄᾳῪῩ 69 ୍ே࡛࠸ࡿ ୍ɤ࠸ࡿ ᇇ ฌो࡞͵ ᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ ᭷Џឤᝳങᡂឤ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿҜ⏤ ᐙ᪘ ࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫ ӻዲ࡞ேಀ ᖾࡀ↓࠸ ͵ࡢᖾ⚟ ᖾ⚟࡞ឤ ᅗ1Ͳ1 ℆ ᪥ᮏ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ ႙ኻࠊͱ࠸ ↓ຊឤ ேಀ ᐙ᪘ ᗣ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ ᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ ᖾ࡞ឤ ᖾࡔࡣᛮࢃ࡞࠸ Ҝᕫ᎘ᝏ %ё Ꮩ⊂ ᖾ࡞ฟ᮶ ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ ฌो࡞͵ ᅗ1Ͳ2 ℆ ᪥ᮏ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 70 ᭷Џឤᝳങᡂឤ ᭷Џឤ ങᡂឤ ฌो࡞͵ ᖾࡢᅾ ᖾ⚟࡞ឤ ୍ɤ࠸ࡿ ࠾ฐ ᐙ᪘ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿҜ⏤ ࣜࣛࢵࢡࢫ ᗣ ᅗ2Ͳ1 ℆ ᅁᅜ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ ࠾ฐ Ꮩ⊂ ᗣ ᐙ᪘ ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ ↓ຊឤ ேಀ ᖾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ ᖾ࡞ឤ ᅗ2Ͳ2 ℆ ᅁᅜ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 71 ୍ɤ࠸ࡿ ᐙ᪘ ฌो࡞͵ ᭷Џឤᝳങᡂឤ ᖾ⚟࡞ឤ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿҜ⏤ ᅗ3Ͳ1 ℆ ůᅜ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ Ꮩ⊂ ↓ຊឤ ேࡢᖾ ேಀ ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ ᖾ࡞ឤ ᖾ࡞ฟ᮶ Ҝᕫ᎘ᝏ ࠾ฐ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ ᅗ3Ͳ2 ℆ ůᅜ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 72 ୍ே࡛࠸ࡿ ⏕ά ӻዲ࡞ேಀ ୍ɤ࠸ࡿ ฌो࡞͵ ᖾ⚟࡞ឤ ᭷Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤ ᐙ᪘ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿ ᗣ ᅗ4Ͳ1 ℆ ‵‱ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ ᖾ࡞ឤ ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ ӻዲ࡛࡞࠸ேಀ ୡ⏺ࠊ͵ࡢᖾ ኻᩋ ᐙ᪘ ♫ࡢṇ̿ Ꮩ⊂ ͱ࠸ࠊṚ ᅗ4Ͳ2 ℆ ‵‱ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 73 ͵ࡢᖾࡏ ᭷Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤ ᜊே ษ࡞ே ୍ɤ࠸ࡿ ᐙ᪘ ே ᖾࡀ↓࠸ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠊҜ⏤ ᅗ5Ͳ1 ℆ ‷⁘•ⁱ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ ᅗ5Ͳ2 ℆ ‷⁘•ⁱ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 74 ᖾ⚟࡞ឤ ୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ ฌो࡞͵ ᐙ᪘ ӻዲ࡞ேಀ ᭷Џឤ ങᡂឤ ᭷Џឤᝳങᡂឤ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿ ኳೃ ᅗ6Ͳ1 ℆ Օᅜ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ ᗣ ฌो࡞͵ Ꮩ⊂ ᐙ᪘ ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ ேಀ ᖾ࡞ฟ᮶ ↓ຊឤ ࢫࢺࣞࢫ ᖾ࡞ឤ ᢳࡉࢀࡓ͵ ᅗ6Ͳ2 ℆ Օᅜ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 75 ୍ɤ࠸ࡿ ዲࡁ࡞ࡇࢆࡍࡿࠊҜ⏤ ᐙ᪘ ᭷Џឤ࣭ങᡂឤ ୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ ᗣ ᖹ ᖾ⚟࡞ឤ Ȃ῭ⓗ⊂W ᅗ7Ͳ1 ℆ ⁇•⁂ ᾲᖾ⚟‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ ฌो࡞͵ ങᡂឤࡢḞዴ ↓ຊឤ ᖾ࡞ឤ ᗣ ᖾ࡞ฟ᮶ ᐙ᪘ ♫ⓗṇ ୍ӑࡉࢀࡓ͵ ேಀ ᅗ7Ͳ2 ℆ ⁇•⁂ ᾲᖾ‒ឤῘῨ῍ᾳ 76 77 0% 10% 20% Ҝ⏤ 30% ඹᏑ 40% ឤ 50% ᖹᏳ ែᗘ 60% ५ᛕ 70% Ȃ῭ 80% ᫂ 90% 100% ᅗ8 ℆ Q3ᾲ⚾ΎῨΰῦᖾ⚟Ῠ`⅊⅊ᾳΎᑐῙᅇµ΅ ⁄′⁺‱⁺⁅‡ⁱȆᯝ (ᅇµᩘΎᑐῙⓒศ⋡ྛᅜู) ᪥ᮏ † ‵‱ ‷⁘•ⁱ Օᅜ ⁇•⁂ ങᡂ 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូ ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ ᖾ⚟ឤᅜၯẚు◊"ሗ࿌᭩ᜨA cross-national study on happinessូ Ⓨ ࢌ ͵℆ ᏊᏳ ቑ⏕ ⁺⁎ COE ᣐⅬ⁺‾⁺ หࢌᖺ᭶℆ ᖹᡂ 24 ᖺ 3 ᭶ ༳ๅ♫℆ ୰ॉ༳ๅᰴᘧ♫ ೳ ȑ ඛ℆ Ᾰ606-8501ូ ிᕷᕥி༊ྜྷ⏣ᮏ⏫ូ ிᏛᏛ၄ᩍϡᏛ◊"⛉⁹ᏊᏳ ቑ⏕ ូូូូូូ Ⴑৠ⁹⁓‟⁁‷ូ 075-753-3063 ូូូូូូ ႱᏊ •ូ [email protected] ូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូូ
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