Review C-Si-Mn ⣔㉸㧗ᙉᗘపྜ㔠 TRIP 㗰ࡢ 㐜ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍȚR ≉ᛶࡢᙳ㡪 ໭ᲄᬛᙪ T. Hojo ᜜ɤ঍ ಶᖺ᜚Ҝືతࡢ࢚*Ᏻ඲ᛶ࡜తయఽฎ໬࡟ࡼࡿ⇞଍ྥ ୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࣆ࣮ࣛᆞࡸ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᆞ᜚ࢩ࣮ࢺࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ࡟ࡣ 590ᝬ980MPa ǝࡢ዇ᙉᗘ໠ᯈࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ࡋ࠿ࡋ᜚ ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢൺᮦ࡟ࡣ 980MPa ୨ǝࡢ୨዇ᙉᗘ໠ ᯈࡢ പ⏝ࡀண ᝿ࡉ ࢀ᜚980MPa ୨ǝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶඃࢀ ࡓ ࣉ ࣞࢫᡂᙧᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ୨዇ᙉᗘ໠ᯈࡢ࿔Ⓨࡀोồࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ᜜ ṧ␃࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺ᜖Ț R ᜗ࡢኚែ৿ୣረᛶ᜖TRIP᜗1 ᜗ ࢆ᭷ຠ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓపྜฐ TRIP ໠ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ඃࢀࡓࣉࣞࢫ ᡂᙧᛶ 2 ᜗᜚ 3 ᜗᜚ 4 ᜗᜚ 5 ᜗᜚ 6 ᜗ 7 ᜗ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ᜜ࡇࡢపྜฐ TRIP ໠࡜ ࡋ࡚ࡣ᜚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ẕ┦Ǽʺࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ࣏ࣜࢦࢼࣝࣇ࢙ ࣛ࢖ࢺ᜚࣋࢖ࢽࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ࠾ࡼࡧ↝฼࣐ࣝࢸࣥ ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡜ࡋࡓ TRIP ᆺࣽྜǼʺ໠᜖TDP ໠᜗ 2 ᜗᜚ 3 ᜗᜚TRIP ᆺ ࣋ ࢖ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ࢵ ࢡ ࣇ ࢙ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ໠ ᜖TBF ໠ ᜗ 4 ᜗᜚ 5 ᜗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ TRIP ᆺ↝฼࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ໠᜖TAM ໠᜗6 ᜗᜚ 7 ᜗ ࡀ࿔ Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ᜚980MPa ୨ǝࡢᘬᙇᙉࡉࡣ TBF ໠࡛ࡢࡳᮇ ᚅࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ᜜ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୨዇ᙉᗘúᅖ࡛ࡣ᜚ഌࢀ◚ቯࡢ Ⓨ⏕ 8 ᜗᜚ 9 ᜗᜚ 10 ᜗᜚ 11 ᜗᜚ 12 ᜗ ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ᜚TBF ໠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶഌ ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶࢆਚᰝࡍࡿᚲोࡀ࠶ࡿ᜜‫ ࡽ͵؝‬11 ᜗ࡣࡉࡁ࡟᜚ పࡦࡎࡳ೯ᗘᘬᙇ৘ቲἲ᜖ࡦࡎࡳ೯ᗘ 1.110 -5 /s᜗࠾ࡼ ࡧ୍ᐃ ֤ฌἲ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 0.4%C-TBF ໠ࡢỈǢД໬≉ ᛶ ࠾ ࡼࡧഌࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶࢆਚᰝࡋ᜚TBF ໠ࡣỈǢ྾‫ڦ‬ᚋࡶ኱ࡁ ࡞඲ఙࡧ࡜዇࠸ഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜᜚࠾ࡼࡧࡇࢀࡣ Ț R ࡀ ከࡃ ࡢ ỈǢ ࢆࢺࣛࢵࣉࡋ᜚ᪧ Țſ⏺ ࡛ࡢࡁ ࣓ ࡢ Ⓨ ⏕᜚೽ᒎࢆᢚไࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ୣᅉࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋࡓ᜜TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶࡣȚ R ≉ᛶ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳᅚࡉࢀࡿࡀ᜚TBF (b) (a) 1200Υ 30t 3600s 20t ᜜ᐇቲ᪉ἲ ౪ ৘ ໠ ࡟ ࡣ 0.20C-1.50Si-1.50Mn-0.015P-0.0024S -0.039Al᜖mass%᜗ࡢ໬ᏛǼᡂࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ෭ᘏࡲࡲ໠ᯈ᜖ᯈ ཌ 1.2 mm᜗ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᜜ࡇࢀࡽࡢ໠ᯈ࡟᜚ᅗ ᜖a᜗ࡢ᮲ ௳࡛ཌࡉ 30 mm ࡢࢫࣛࣈࢆཌࡉ 3.2 mm ࡲ࡛⇕࿛ᅽᘏᚋ᜚ ᐊ ࡛ཌࡉ 1.2 mm ࡲ࡛෭࿛ᅽᘏࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ᜜ḟ࡟ 900 Υ ࡢሷᾎ୰࡛Țᇦ↝฼ᚋ᜚250ᝬ350 Υ᜚0ᝬ10000 s ࡢ࣮࢜ ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋ᜖ᅗ 1᜖b᜗᜗᜚TBF ໠ࢆࣷ೰ࡋࡓ᜜ ࡇࡇ࡛᜚0 S Ⅼࡣᘧ᜖1᜗ 13 ᜗ ࡟ࡼࡾồࡵࡓ᜜ 0 S (Υ)=550-361(ᜓC)-39(%Mn)-0(%Si) +30(%Al) 3.2t 600Υ 3600s a Ȗ =3.5780+0.033C Ȗ +0.00095Mn Ȗ +0.005Al Ȗ +0.0220N Ț᜖2᜗ T A =250-350 o C 0-10000s OQ AC 3.2t ᅗ 㸨ὠᒣᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࠉㅮᖌ ὠᒣᕤᴗ዇¬ᑓ࿋Ꮫᰯ࣭ਫ਼ᖌ 1.2t ⇕ฎ⌮ɪᅗ ᜖1᜗ ࡇࡇ࡛᜚ᜓC᜚ᜓMn᜚ᜓSi᜚ᜓAl ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢྜฐඖ Ǣࡢῧຍฎ᜖massᜓ᜗࡛࠶ࡿ᜜ Ț R ึᮇయ ⋡᜖I Ț 0 ᜗ࡣ Mo-KȘɪ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉ ࢀ ࡓ᜖200᜗Ș᜚ ᜖211᜗Ș᜚ ᜖200᜗Ț᜚ ᜖220᜗Ț᜚ ᜖311᜗Ț ᅇᢡჳࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ ศᙉᗘࡼࡾওÜࡋࡓ 14 ᜗᜜ࡲࡓ᜚Ț R ึ ᮇⅣ Ǣ⃰ ᗘ ᜖&Ț0᜗ࡣ Cu-KȘ ɪ࡟ ࡼࡗ ࡚ ᐃ ࡋࡓ ᜖200᜗Ț᜚ ᜖220᜗Ț᜚ ᜖311᜗Țࣆ࣮ࢡॵᗘ࠿ࡽồࡵࡓ᱁ Ꮚᐃᩘ a Ț ᜖ 10 -1 nm᜗ࢆᘧ᜖2᜗ 15 ᜗ ࡟ ௦ ධ ࡋ ࡚ ồ ࡵ ࡓ ᜜ 900Υ 1200s 10t 850Υ 100Υ/s ໠ ࡢ ഌࢀ ◚ ቯ ≉ ᛶ ࡟ཬ ࡰ ࡍ Ț R ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ᙳ ᅚ ࢆ ਚᰝ ࡋ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ࡣ࡞࠸᜜ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣ᜚0.2%C-1.5%Si-1.5%Mn ࡢ໬ᏛǼᡂ ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ໠ᯈ࡟Țᇦ↝฼࡜࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮ ᗘ࠾ࡼ ࡧ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮᫬࿛ࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓ⇕ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋ࡚ Ț R ≉ᛶࡢ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿ୨዇ᙉᗘ TBF ໠ࢆసࣷࡋ᜚୨዇ ᙉ ᗘ TBF ໠ ࡢ Ỉ Ǣ ྾‫ ≉ڦ‬ᛶ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧഌ ࢀ ◚ ቯ ≉ ᛶࢆ ਚ ᰝ ࡋࡓ᜜ࡲࡓ᜚ࡇࢀࡽ≉ᛶ࡜ฐᒓᏛⓗǼʺᅉᏊ࡜ࡢ࿥ಀࢆ ᳨খࡋࡓ᜜ ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ᜚ Mn Ț ᜚Al Ț ᜚ N Ț ࡣ Ț R ୰ ࡢ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢඖ Ǣ⃰ ᗘ ᜖mass%᜗࡛࠶ࡿ᜜ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣ౽ᐅୖ᜚ῧຍฎࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᜜ ᘬᙇ৘ቲ࡟ࡣᅽᘏ᪉ྥ࡟ᖹࢌ࡟ษࡾฟࡋࡓ JIS14B ྕ ৘ቲ∦᜖ࢤ࣮ࢪ࿇ࡉ 15 mm᜚ᖜ 6 mm᜚ཌࡉ 1.2 mm᜗ࢆ ⏝࠸᜚৘ቲ ᗘ 25 Υ᜚ࢡࣟࢫ࣊ࢵࢻ೯ᗘ 1 mm/min᜖ࡦ ࡎࡳ೯ᗘ 8.310 -4 /s᜗࡛৘ቲࢆࢌࡗࡓ᜜ ỈǢࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࡣ၌ᴟࢳ࣮ࣕࢪἲ᜖၌ᴟᜨⓑฐ᜗16 ᜗ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾࢌࡗࡓ᜜ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪᾎࡢǼᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ྾‫ڦ‬᮲௳ࢆࢢ ࡟♧ ࡍ᜜ࢳ࣮ࣕࢪᚋࡢ඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎࡣ᜚ỈǢࢆ୙άᛶ࢞ࢫ୰ ᜛࢖ࣥࣃࣝࢫຍ⇕⁐ࠕἲ࡟ࡼࡾᢳฟࡋ᜚࣒࢝ࣛ࡟ࡼࡿศ -25- ᜜ᐇቲȆᯝ ᚤǭǼʺ࡜ᘬᙇ≉ᛶ ᅗ ࡟ TBF ໠ࡢ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋࡢǼʺࡢ SEM ෗┿᜖ࢼ࢖ࢱ ࣮ࣝйᇇ᜗ࢆ♧ࡍ᜜࠸ࡎࢀࡢ TBF ໠ࡶ 0 S Ⅼ௨ୗ࡛࣮࢜ ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ᜚ẕ┦Ǽʺࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ ࢢ Charge solution Current density ࢢ ỈǢ྾‫ڦ‬᮲௳ H 2 SO 4 0.5mol/L KSCN 0.01mol/L 500A/m 2 TBF ໠ࡢᘬᙇ≉ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧȚ R ≉ᛶ 7A WA <6 76 7(O IȚ 0 &Ț 0 - 0 10 100 1000 10000 10 100 1000 10000 10 100 1000 10000 1277 1237 1192 1232 1241 1172 1125 1179 1248 1075 1147 1132 1084 1565 1537 1511 1457 1445 1534 1473 1380 1405 1412 1362 1323 1222 13.9 14.9 15.7 16.2 13.5 15.1 16.9 15.7 15.0 10.1 15.2 13.9 15.2 2.8 3.5 3.9 3.3 2.3 3.8 3.5 2.4 1.5 4.2 3.5 2.6 2.1 0.55 0.27 0.46 0.64 0.68 0.61 0.56 0.84 0.63 0.67 0.95 1.00 1.01 250 300 350 య఩ᐦᗘࡀᴟࡵ࡚዇࠸࣋࢖ࢽࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ᜖Ș bf ᜗ ࣛࢫ࡜࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ᜖Ș m ᜗ࣛࢫ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ᜚Ț R ࡣࡑࢀ ࡽࡢࣛࢫቃ⏺࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࣇ࢕࣒ࣝ≧࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜࣮࢜ ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮ ᗘࡢച࠸࡟ࡼࡿᚤǭǼʺࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᕪࡣ ࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ᜚࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮᫬࿛ࡀ࿇ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡋ ࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࣛࢫẕ┦ࡣՍᖸƂ኱໬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿ᜜ ࢢ ࡟ TBF ໠ࡢ⇕ฎ⌮ᚋࡢᘬᙇ≉ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧȚ R ≉ᛶࢆ ♧ࡍ᜜TBF ໠ࡢȚ R ึᮇయ ⋡᜖I Ț 0 ᜗ࡣ 1.5ᝬ4.2 vol%ࡢ úᅖ࡟࠶ࡾ᜚ࡑࡢึᮇⅣǢ⃰ᗘ᜖& Ț 0 ᜗ࡣ 0.27ᝬ1.01 mass% ࡢúᅖ࡟࠶ࡿ᜜࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮ ᗘ᜖7 A ᜗ࡀ዇ࡃ࡞ ࡿ࡜ I Ț 0 ᜚& Ț 0 ࡜ࡶୖ᪼ࡋ᜚࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮᫬࿛᜖W A ᜗ ࡀ࿇ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ I Ț 0 ࡣపୗࡋ᜚& Ț 0 ࡣୖ᪼ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ᜜ TBF ໠ࡢᘬᙇᙉࡉ᜖76᜗ࡣ 1222ᝬ1565 MPa ࡢúᅖ࡟ ࠶ࡿ᜜ࡲࡓ᜚඲ఙࡧ᜖7(O᜗ࡣ 10.1ᝬ16.9 %ࡢúᅖ࡟࠶ࡿ᜜ ỈǢ྾‫≉ڦ‬ᛶ ᅗ ࡟ TBF ໠ࡢ඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎ᜖+ T ᜗࡜ᘬᙇᙉࡉ᜖76᜗ ࡢ࿥ಀࢆ♧ࡍ᜜TBF ໠ࡣ᜚ᘬᙇᙉࡉࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿ࡟ࡋࡓࡀ ࡗ࡚඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎࡣቑຍࡍࡿഴྥࡀ৶ࡵࡽࢀࡿ᜜ ᪼ Ъ Ⴃ ศ ᯒ ἲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ᐊ ࠿ ࡽ 300 Υ ࡲ ࡛ࡢúᅖࡢỈǢᨺฟ᭤ɪࢆᅗ ࡟♧ࡍ᜜࠸ࡎࢀࡢ TBF ໠ ࡶ 50 Υ࠿ࡽ 200 Υ௜ಶ࡛ከࡃࡢỈǢࢆᨺฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ 7 A =350 Υ᜚W A ᜫ10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣ௚ࡢ TBF ໠࡜ẚుࡋ࡚ ỈǢᨺฟࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ዇ࡃ᜚ࣆ࣮ࢡ ᗘࡣ዇ ഃ࡟ࢩࣇࢺ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ ഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘ ᅗ ࡟᭤ࡆᛂຊ᜖ Ȫ A ᜗࡜◚᩿᫬࿛᜖W f ᜗᭤ɪࡢ௦ࢢ౛ ࢆ♧ࡍ᜜ࡲࡓ᜚TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘ᜖')/᜗ࢆᘬᙇᙉ 7$ Υ +7 SSP Ⴃᚋ᜚⇕ఏᑟᗘἲ࡟ࡼࡾᐃฎࡋࡓ᜜ࡲࡓ᜚ᣑᩓᛶỈǢฎ ࡣ᪼ ЪႣἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ᐃࡋࡓ᜜࡞࠾᜚඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎ ᐃ࠾ࡼࡧᣑᩓᛶỈǢฎ ᐃࡢၯ࡟ࡣỈǢࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ࠿ࡽỈ Ǣฎ ᐃࡲ࡛ࡢ࿛᜚৘ᩱ࠿ࡽࡢỈǢࡢᨺฟࢆဥࡄࡓࡵ᜚ ৘ᩱࢆᾮయ5Ǣ୰࡛ಖᏑࡋࡓ᜜ ഌࢀ◚ቯ৘ቲࡣỈǢࢳ࣮ࣕࢪ 4 Ⅼ᭤ࡆ৘ቲ 16 ᜗ ࡟ࡼࡾ ࢌࡗࡓ᜜৘ቲ࡟ࡣ࿇ࡉ 65 mm᜚ᖜ 10 mm᜚ᯈཌ 1.2 mm ࡢ࿇᪉ᙧ৘ቲ∦ࢆ⏝࠸᜚৘ቲ ᗘࡣ 25 Υ࡜ࡋࡓ᜜ഌࢀ ◚ቯ≉ᛶࡢো౯ࡣ᜚5 ᫬࿛◚᩿ࡋ࡞࠸᭱኱ࡢᛂຊࢆഌࢀ ◚ቯᙉᗘ᜖')/᜗࡜ࡋ࡚ো౯ࡋࡓ᜜ 7$ Υ 7$ Υ 7 A (Υ): austempering temperature, W A (s): austempering time, <6 (MPa): yield stress or 0.2% offset proof stress, 76 (MPa): tensile strength, 7(O (%): total elongation, I Ț 0 (vol%): volume fraction of Ț R , & Ț 0 (mass%): carbon concentration of Ț R (a) 76 03D ᅗ TBF ໠ࡢ඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎ (+ T ) ࡜ᘬᙇᙉࡉ (76) ࡢ ࿥ಀ (c) (b) 10ȝm ᅗ (a) 7 A =250 Υ10 s, (b) 7 A =350 Υ10 s ࠾ࡼࡧ(c) 7 A =350 Υ10000 s ࡢ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ TBF ໠ࡢᚤǭǼʺ෗┿ -26- ࡉ᜖76᜗࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ᅗ ࡟♧ࡍ᜜TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘ ࡣ᜚ᘬᙇᙉࡉࡀ዇ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚పୗࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳ ࡽࢀ᜚76Ӎ1400 MPa ࡢúᅖ࡛ᆗ‫ࡿ࡞࡜؝‬᜜ TBF ໠ ࡢഌ ࢀ◚ ቯ ৘ቲᚋࡢ ◚ჳ࠾ࡼࡧ ʚ᩿ჳࡢ SEM ෗┿ࡢ௦ࢢ౛ࢆᅗ ࡟♧ࡍ᜜7 A =250 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣſ⏺◚ቯࢆ♧ࡋ᜚ࡁ࣓ࡣȆᬗſ⏺ࢆ೽ᒎࡍࡿ᜜୍᪉᜚ 7 A =350 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࠾ࡼࡧ W A =10000 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣſ⏺◚ ቯࡀᢚไࡉࢀ᜚ᨃ࡬ࡁ࿔◚ቯࢆ♧ࡍ᜜ 7$ Υ W$ V 7$ Υ W$ V 7$ Υ W$ V ᅗ 7 Υ TBF ໠ࡢỈǢᨺฟ᭤ɪ ୍ӑ࡟᜚໠୰࡟౵ධࡋࡓỈǢࡣⅣ໬≀ 16 ᜗᜚ 17 ᜗᜚᱁ᏊḞ ၇ 9 ᜗᜚Ȇᬗſ⏺ 17 ᜗᜚ࣛࢫቃ⏺ 18 ᜗ ࡸయ఩ 19 ᜗ ࡞࡝࡟ࢺࣛࢵ ࣉࡉࢀࡿ᜜዇ᙉᗘ໠ᯈࡣ᜚Ⅳ໬≀ࡢᯒฟ᜚ẕ┦ࡢయ఩ᐦ ᗘࡢୖ᪼ࡸȆᬗſᚤǭ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᙉᗘࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡓ ࡵ᜚ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚྾‫ࡿࡍڦ‬ỈǢฎ ࡣቑຍࡍࡿ᜜ࡋ࠿ࡋ᜚TBF ໠ࡢ࣋࢖ࢽࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ ࢺẕ┦࡟ࡣⅣ໬≀ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸᜜ࡲࡓ᜚࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ ฎ⌮᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᜚ᚤǭǼʺ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸᜖ᅗ 2᜗᜜ᮏ TBF ໠ࡣ᜚࣋࢖ࢽࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺࣛࢫቃ⏺࡟ 1.5ᝬ4.2 volᜓࡢȚ R ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ᳺญࡽ 9 ᜗ ࡣ᜚Ț R ࡣࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ࡞࡝࡜ẚుࡋ࡚ከฎࡢỈǢࢆ྾‫࡜ࡇࡿࡍڦ‬ ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ࡇࢀࡣ᜚fcc ᵓ೰ࡢȚ R ࡣ bcc ᵓ೰ࡢࣇ ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺࡼࡾࡶȆᬗ᱁Ꮚࡢၭ࿛ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ͳ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᜜ࡉࡽ࡟᜚Chan ࡽ 20 ᜗ ࡣȚ R ࢆྵࡴ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ ࢖ࢺ໠࡜ྵࡲ࡞࠸࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ໠࡟ỈǢࢳ࣮ࣕࢪࡍࡿ ࡜᜚Ț R ࢆྵࡴ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ໠ࡣྵࡲ࡞࠸࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ 7$ Υ W$ V 7$ Υ W$ V Ȫ$ 03D ỈǢ྾‫≉ڦ‬ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍȚ 5 ≉ᛶࡢᙳᅚ 7$ Υ 7$ Υ 7$ Υ W$ V WI V ᅗ D 7$ Υ ')/ 03D G+GW SSPPLQ ᜜ͳᐹ ᅗ TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯ᭤ɪ E 76 03D TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯᙉࡉ (')/)࡜ᘬᙇᙉࡉ (76) ࡢ࿥ಀ F ȣP G H I ȣP ᅗ 7 A =250 Υ10 s (a and d) ᜚7 A =350 Υ10 s (b and e) ࠾ࡼࡧ 7 A =350 Υ10000 s (c and f) ࢆ᪋ࡋࡓ TBF ໠ࡢ◚ჳ (a, b and c) ࠾ࡼࡧ◚ჳಶഐࡢʚ᩿ჳ (d, e and f) ࡢႱᏊᆗᚤ཮෗┿ -27- ࢖ࢺ໠ࡼࡾࡶከࡃࡢỈǢࢆ྾‫࡜ࡇࡿࡍڦ‬᜚࠾ࡼࡧࡇࢀࡣ ከ ฎ ࡢ Ỉ Ǣ ࡀ Ț R᜝ ࣐ ࣝ ࢸ ࣥ ࢧ ࢖ ࢺ ⏺ ჳ ࡟ ࢺ ࣛ ࢵ ࣉ ࡋ ࡓ ࡓࡵ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ᅗ ࡟ TBF ໠ࡢȚ R ึᮇయ ⋡ ᜖I Ț 0 ᜗࡜඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎ᜖+ T ᜗ࡢ࿥ಀࢆ♧ࡍ᜜TBF ໠ࡢ඲ ྾ ‫ڦ‬ỈǢ ฎ ࡣ Ț R ึᮇ య ⋡ ࡀ዇ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡋࡓࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ቑ ຍࡋࡓ᜜ࡉࡁࡢ◊" 11 ᜗᜚ 12 ᜗ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᜚୨዇ᙉᗘప ྜ ฐ TRIP ໠ࡢ඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎࡣȚ R ึᮇయ ⋡࡜ṇࡢ┦࿥ࡀ࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ᜚ᮏ◊"࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢȆᯝࢆ♧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ ᮏ◊"࡛ࡣ᜚࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮᮲௳ࡢച࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ỈǢᨺฟ᭤ɪࡀኚ໬ࡋࡓ᜜ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᜚7 A =350 Υ᜚W A ᜫ10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣ௚ࡢ TBF ໠࡜ẚుࡋ࡚ỈǢᨺฟࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ ዇ࡃ᜚࡜ࡃ࡟዇ ഃ࡛ከࡃࡢỈǢࢆᨺฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ᳺญ ࡽ 9 ᜗ ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜᜚᪼ ೯ᗘ 1.67 Υ/min ࡛ỈǢศᯒࢆࢌࡗ ࡓ࡜ࡁ᜚87ᝬ92 Υࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣſ⏺᜚ࢭ࣓ࣥࢱ࢖ࢺ⏺ჳ᜚ య఩ࡲࡓࡣཎᏊ%Ꮝ࡞࡝࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡓỈǢ᜚127 Υ௜ ಶࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡣȚ R ࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀࡓỈǢ࡛࠶ࡾ᜚Ț R ࠿ࡽࡢ ỈǢࡣ᜚௚ࡢỈǢࢺࣛࢵࣉࢧ࢖ࢺ࠿ࡽࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶ዇ ࡛ᨺฟࡉࢀࡿ࡜ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ᮏ◊"࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᜚᪼ ೯ᗘࡣ␗࡞ࡿ᜖᪼ ೯ᗘ 12 Υ/min᜗ࡀ᜚Ț R ึᮇయ ⋡ ࡢ዇࠸ TBF ໠ࡢ᪉ࡀ዇ ࡛ỈǢࢆከࡃᨺฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᜜ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ࡼࡾ᜚TBF ໠ࡣࣛࢫቃ⏺࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿȚ R ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ Ț R᜝ ࣋ ࢖ ࢽ ࢸ ࢕ ࢵ ࢡ ࣇ ࢙ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ⏺ ჳ ࡟ ከ ࡃ ࡢ Ỉ Ǣ ࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟᜚࣮࢜ࢫࢸࣥࣃ࣮ฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚዇ Ț R ึᮇయ ⋡ࡢ TBF ໠ࡢỈǢ྾‫ڦ‬ฎࡀቑຍࡋࡓ࡜ͳ࠼ ࡽࢀࡿ᜜ ࡍ᜜ࡲࡓ᜚ᅗ ࡟ TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘ᜖')/᜗ࢆȚ R ึᮇⅣǢ⃰ᗘ᜖& Ț 0 ᜗࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚♧ࡍ᜜ᅗ 9 ࡼࡾ᜚࠸ࡎ ࢀࡢ TBF ໠ࡶ૷֤ᛂຊࡀ዇ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚Ț R య ⋡ ࡣ పୗ ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀࢃ ࠿ ࡿ ᜜ ࡋ ࠿ࡋ ᜚ Ț R ึᮇ ⅣǢ ⃰ ᗘ ࡢẚుⓗ዇࠸ TBF ໠ࡣỈǢ྾‫ࡿࡼ࡟ڦ‬Ț R ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ ࢖ ࢺ ኚែ ࡣᢚ ไ ࡉ ࢀ᜚ ഌ ࢀ ◚ ቯ ৘ቲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ Ț R ࡢ య ⋡ ప ୗ ࡶ ᑠ ࡉ ࠸ ᜜ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ᜚ TBF ໠ ࡢ ഌ ࢀ ◚ ቯ ᙉ ᗘ ࡣ ᜚ Ț R ึᮇⅣǢ⃰ᗘ࡜ṇࡢ┦࿥ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ᜖ᅗ 10᜗᜜ࡇࡢȆᯝ ࡣ᜚TBF ໠ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘࡀȚ R ࡢᏳᐃᛶ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳᅚ ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ᜜୨዇ᙉᗘపྜฐ TRIP ໠ࡢഌ ࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶ࡜Ț R ࡢᏳᐃᛶࡢ࿥ಀࡣ᜚ᅗ ࡟♧ࡍ࣐ࣝࢸ ࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜Ҝ⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚ໬ࡢᶍ ᘧᅗ 21 ᜗ ࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟਍᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ᜜ Ț R ึᮇⅣǢ⃰ᗘࡢప࠸᜚7 A =250 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣ᜚ᘧ᜖1᜗ࡼࡾồࡵࡓȚ R ࡢ 0 S Ⅼࡀ 7 A =350 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡼࡾࡶ዇࠸᜜࠸ࡎࢀࡢ TBF ໠ࡶ᜚ỈǢࢆ྾‫ڦ‬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜Ț R ࡣ ୙ Ᏻ ᐃ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ ᜚ ࢜ ࣮ࢫ ࢸ ࢼ ࢖ ࢺ ࡢҜ⏤ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࡣ ୖ ᪼ ࡋ ࡚ 0 S Ⅼ ࡣ ୖ ᪼ ࡍ ࡿ ᜖ ᅗ 1 1 ( b ) ᜗᜜ 7 A =250 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣ᜚Ț R ࡀჰᖖ࡟୙Ᏻᐃ࡜ ࡞ࡾ᜚ỈǢ྾‫ࢺ࢖ࢧࣥࢸ࣐࡚ࣝࡗࡼ࡟֤૷ࡸڦ‬ኚែࡋࡸ ࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ᜖ỈǢ᜙ᛂຊ৿ୣ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែ᜗᜜୍᪉᜚ 7 A =350 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡣ᜚Ț R ࡢᏳᐃᛶࡀẚుⓗ ዇࠸ࡓࡵ᜚ỈǢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 0S ⅬࡣՍᖸୖ᪼ࡍࡿࡀ᜚ 7 A =250 Υ᜚W A =10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡼࡾࡶప࠸ 0 S ⅬࢆɄᣢࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ͳ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ᜜ ࡑࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ᜚ ዇ Ț R ึ ᮇ Ⅳ Ǣ ⃰ᗘ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ TBF ໠ ࡢ ഌ ࢀ◚ ቯ ৘ ቲ ୰ ࡢỈ Ǣ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᛂຊ ৿ ୣ࣐ ࣝ ഌࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶ࡟ཬࡰࡍȚ 5 ≉ᛶࡢᙳᅚ ࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺǄࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫ໠ࡣ᜚௚ࡢࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺǄ ࡸ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺǄࢫࢸࣥࣞࢫ໠࡜ẚుࡋ࡚዇࠸Ϳഌࢀ ◚ቯ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᜜ ࡋ࠿ࡋ᜚ỈǢࢆ྾‫࡜ࡿࡍڦ‬Țࡢ Ᏻᐃᛶࡣపୗࡋ࡚࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ᜖Ỉ Ǣ৿ୣ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែ᜗᜚ഌࢀ◚ቯࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ ࡿ᜜ᮏ TBF ໠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᜚໠୰࡟ 1.5ᝬ4.2 volᜓࡢȚ R ึ ᮇయ ⋡ࢆ ᭷ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ᜜ࡇࡢȚ R ࡣከ ࡃࡢ ỈǢࢆ ྾ ‫ࡍ ڦ‬ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀ᜚ࡑࡢỈǢ࡟৿ୣࡉࢀ࡚࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ ࢺኚែࡍࡿ࡜᜚Ț࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀ࡚࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ࡟ᅛ⁐ ࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓỈǢࡣᪧȚſ⏺࡞࡝࡟ࢺࣛࢵࣉࡉࢀ᜚ᪧ Țſ⏺࠿ࡽࡁ࣓ࡀⓎ⏕࣭೽ᒎࡋ࡚ഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘࢆపୗࡉ ࡏࡿ࡜ͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᜜ࡑࡇ࡛᜚௦ࢢⓗ࡞ TBF ໠ࡢྛ૷֤ᛂ ຊ࡛ࡢഌࢀ◚ቯ৘ቲ๓ᚋࡢȚ R య ⋡ࡢኚ໬ࢆᅗ ࡟♧ IȚIȚ ᅗ 7$ Υ 7$ Υ W $ V &Ț PDVV 7$ Υ IȚ YRO Ȫ$<6 TBF ໠ࡢ૷֤ᛂຊ᜝ံఅᛂຊẚ ( Ȫ A <6) ࡜ṧ ␃࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ࢖ࢺయ ⋡ẚ (I Ț /I Ț 0 ) ࡢ࿥ಀ ')/ 03D +7 SSP 7$ Υ ᅗ 7$ Υ W $ V &Ț PDVV 7$ Υ 7$ Υ 7$ Υ TBF ໠ࡢ඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎ (+ T ) ࡜ṧ␃࣮࢜ࢫࢸ ࢼ ࢖ࢺึᮇయ ⋡ (I Ț 0 ) ࡢ࿥ಀ ᅗ -28- &Ț PDVV TBF ໠ࡢ඲྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎ (+ T ) ࡜ṧ␃࣮࢜ࢫࢸࢼ ࢖ࢺึᮇయ ⋡ (I Ț 0 ) ࡢ࿥ಀ ᜖a᜗ G Athermal martensite transformation Strain-induced Yield strength of austenite MSı MS ᅗ Only plastic deformation, no martensite transformation ı ᜖b᜗ Stress-assisted ǻGı=0,Ms martensite austenite MS T0 T (a) ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡜ (b) Ҝ⏤࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢኚ໬ Md ࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚែࡣపȚ R ึᮇⅣǢ⃰ᗘࡢ TBF ໠࡯࡝ୣࡇ ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᜜ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟᜚዇Ț R ึᮇⅣǢ⃰ᗘࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ TBF ໠ࡣ᜚ ࣛ ࢫቃ⏺ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ໠୰࡟ᚤǭ ᆒ୍࡟Ꮡᅾ ࡍࡿȚ R ࡀ Ỉ Ǣ ࢆ ྾‫࡚ࡗࡼ࡟࡜ࡇࡿࡍڦ‬ᪧȚſ⏺࡞࡝࡬ࡢỈǢࢺࣛࢵࣉࢆ ᢚไࡋ᜚ᪧȚſ⏺࠿ࡽࡢࡁ࣓ࡀⓎ⏕࣭೽ᒎࢆᢚไࡋࡓ࡜ ͳ ࠼ ࡽࢀ ࡿ ᜜ ࡲ ࡓ ᜚Ᏻ ᐃ࡞Ț R ࡀ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺ ኚ ែ ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡋ࡚ഌ ࢀ◚ ቯ৘ቲ ୰ࡢȚ R ࠿ࡽࡢ ỈǢࡢ ᨺฟ ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚዇࠸ഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࡜ͳ࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿ ᜜ ࡉࡽ ࡟ ᜚ Ț R ࡢࡦࡎࡳ ৿ ୣኚែࡀ ᒁᡤ ⓗᛂຊႏ ୰ ࢆ ɶ࿴ࡋ᜚ࡁ࣓ࡢ೽ᒎࢆᢚไࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘࡢୖ ᪼࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓ࡜ͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ᜜ ᜜Ȇ঍ ୨ ዇ ᙉ ᗘ TBF ໠ࡢ ഌࢀ◚ ቯ≉ᛶࢆ ᨵၿ ࡍࡿࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚᜚Ț R ≉ᛶࢆኚ໬ࡉࡏࡓ୨዇ᙉᗘ TBF ࡢỈǢ྾ ‫≉ڦ‬ᛶ࠾ࡼࡧഌࢀ◚ቯ≉ᛶࢆਚᰝࡋࡓ᜜ᚓࡽࢀࡓ୺࡞Ȇ ᯝࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ᜜ ᜖1᜗TBF ໠ ࡢ ඲ ྾‫ڦ‬ỈǢฎࡣ᜚ᘬᙇᙉࡉࡀୖ ᪼ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ቑຍࡋࡓ᜜ࡲࡓ᜚ᣑᩓᛶỈǢࡣ᜚7 A =350 Υ᜚ W A ᜫ10 s ࡢ TBF ໠ࡀ௚ࡢ TBF ໠ࡼࡾࡶ዇ ഃ࡛ከࡃᨺฟ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᜜ࡇࢀࡣ᜚ࣛࢫቃ⏺࡟ᏑᅾࡍࡿȚ R ࡲࡓࡣȚ R ᜝ ࣋࢖ࢽࢸ࢕ࢵࢡࣇ࢙ࣛ࢖ࢺ⏺ჳ࡟ከࡃࡢỈǢࡀࢺࣛࢵࣉ ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ୣᅉࡋࡓ࡜ͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ᜜ ᜖2᜗TBF ໠ࡣ᜚76Ӎ1400 MPa ࡢúᅖ࡛ᘬᙇᙉࡉࡀ዇ࡃ ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ഌࢀ◚ቯᙉᗘࡀపୗࡋࡓ᜜ࡇࢀࡣ᜚໠ ୰ ࡟ ᚤǭ ᆒ ୍࠿ ࡘ Ᏻᐃ࡟Ꮡᅾ ࡍࡿȚ R ࡀỈ Ǣࢆ྾ ‫ࡓ ࡋ ڦ‬ ࡇ ࡜ ᜚࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Ț R ࡢ࣐ࣝࢸࣥࢧ࢖ࢺኚ ែࡀ ᢚไࡉ ࢀ ᜚ ഌ ࢀ ◚ቯ৘ ቲ ୰ ࡢ Ț R ࠿ࡽࡢ Ỉ Ǣࡢᨺ ฟࡀᢚไࡉࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ୣᅉࡋࡓ࡜ͳ࠼ࡽࢀࡓ᜜ ੠಑ ᮏ◊"ࢆࡈᨭ᥼࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ᜚ ᜖૸᜗ኳ⏣ฐᒓຍᕤᶵᲔ 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