Nieuws
Nummer 114, maart/april 2014
AANGESLOTEN BIJ
Woord van de voorzitter
Op het moment dat ik
dit artikel schrijf ligt het
Stumico event waarin
BIM in infraprojecten is
behandeld alweer een
week achter ons. De
video opnames daarvan
zijn zoals gewoonlijk
nog te bekijken via de
Stumico site en tijdens
het monteren werd ik
weer enthousiast over de
presentatie van Crossrail.
Daar hebben ze BIM gebruikt zoals BIM is bedoeld.
Echt opgezet voor de gehele lifecycle met na de realisatie een conversie van de objecten ten behoeve van
assetmanagement. Je moet maar durven.
Maar ja voor 14,8 miljard Britse ponden kan je ook
wel iets doen. Moet je nagaan dat als je met BIM 1%
bespaart je al 148 miljoen bespaart!!!
Wat ik heel opvallend vond is dat ze de kwaliteit van
de leveringen van de contractors beoordelen volgens
een vaste systematiek en de resultaten daarvan
gewoon op de website publiceren. Je kon dus in één
kwadrant zien hoe de kwaliteit van de aannemers
was. De spreker, Stephen Smith, gaf aan dat er een
positieve competitie ontstond waardoor de contractors betere kwaliteit gingen leveren. Ik vroeg mij toen
af wat er zou gebeuren als we dat in Nederland zouden doen. Stel je voor: Rijks Waterstaat publiceert op
haar site een grafiek met de beoordeling van alle aannemers. Hoe zou daarop gereageerd worden? Zou dit
ook een positieve competitie opleveren of zouden we
via de rechter de beoordelingscriteria ter discussie
stellen? U mag die vraag voor mij beantwoorden.
Op het eind van de meeting werd er een korte enquete
gehouden over wat stellingen ie handelden over het
idee dat de UK verder is met BIM dan in Nederland.
Een van de stellingen was dat de overheden en
opdrachtgevers meer BIM moesten voorschrijven dan
kwam het bij ons ook wel goed. Een ruime meerderheid was het daarmee eens. Ik ook.
Op de terugweg zat ik daarover nog eens na te
denken en eigenlijk is het vreemd dat wij zo reageren wat mij deed denken aan een discussie die ik
begin 2004 met onze algemeen directeur over BIM
had. Mijn bedoeling was dat er meer druk vanuit de
directie moest komen om BIM te gebruiken. Nadat ik
alle noodzaak om BIM toe te passen had toegelicht
en vooral had gewezen op de voordelen had hij maar
slechts een vraag: Als BIM zoveel oplevert is er toch
geen druk van mij nodig dan past de business het echt
zelf wel toe.
Eigenlijk geldt dit hier ook. Op alle meetings over BIM,
waar en door wie dan ook krijgen we te horen wat voor
voordelen BIM allemaal oplevert. Voor het bedrijf zelf,
voor de opdrachtgever, voor de prijs en noem maar
op. Een en al voordeel dus voor iedereem!! Maar we
gaan het pas gebruiken als het van hoger hand voorgeschreven wordt. Snapt u het nog?
Ik ga afsluiten met de mededeling dat we de komende
ALV afscheid gaan nemen van 3 bestuursleden.
Bastiaan de Bevere heeft een nieuwe uitdaging bij
een ander bedrijf gevonden en wil zich helemaal
daarop richten. Bastiaan veel succes met de nieuwe
uitdaging. Edwin Dado is zoals afgesproken niet meer
herkiesbaar en neemt na 6 jaar afscheid van Stumico.
Edwin we zullen je input missen want jij zorgde altijd
voor de wat populair wetenschappenlijke achtergronden over diverse ICT in de Bouw zaken. Daarnaast
was hij onze vaste cameraman tijdens de events. Ook
Nico Ruikes treedt af. Nico kon altijd heel goed vertalen wat interessant was voor de leden en hoe we dat
moesten brengen. Wat is zeer gewaardeerd heb is dat
Nico nooit en te nimmer heeft geprobeerd zijn werkgever op wat voor manier dan ook te bevoordelen.
Bastiaan, Edwin en Nico namens alle leden bedankt
voor jullie inzet voor Stumico en we gaan jullie zeker
missen.
Afscheid nemen betekent ook nieuwe mensen voorstellen maar dat doen we in de volgende nieuwsbrief
na de ALV
Ruud van Tongeren - Voorzitter
In dit nummer
Woord van de voorzitter
1
Creating the Dutch National BIM Levels of
Development
2
Advertorial: Matrix
6
Advertorial: Itannix - Visie op Open BIM
7
Rekensoftware in de bouw en civiele techniek
8
The Crossrail project
9
Column Peter Gloudemans
11
Oproep voor nieuwe bestuursleden
11
Activiteitenagenda 2014
11
Donateurs
Creating the Dutch National BIM Levels of Development
Auteur: Leon van Berlo - TNO
This article describes the research and development of the Dutch national standard for information levels of BIM. The US developed “Levels of Development” LOD have become increasingly popular in the Netherlands. However, more and more projects felt
the need to develop an additional LOD250 and LDO350. It became clear that the Dutch design- and engineering process needed
different information levels to operate effectively. During an R&D project that involved 9 Dutch SME companies research was
done focused on the levels needed in the Dutch AEC industry. During this project the team also looked at several other information levels like the Danish, the Australian, the UK RIBA information and the LOD concept in CityGML. The project team came up
with 7 information levels. A matrix was developed on which construction objects where linked to the 7 levels. Several companies
in different BIM projects tested this matrix in practice. Results from this test were concluded in a guideline for effective use of
the information levels and the matrix. This paper will describe the test results and the resulting recommendations for practical
use of the standard in the Netherlands. Furthermore an experiment was conducted to automatically identify the detail of the geometry of an IFC model. This was done by analyzing several characteristics like number of objects per m3, number of geometrical
triangles per object, etc. The results of this geometrical test are also added in this artiIntroduction & Problem statement
While the concept of “LOD” (different explanations for the abbreviation occur) is gaining
popularity in the Netherlands, the confusion
about the content of a model on a certain
level is also growing. It is not clear to anyone
what kind of information should be available
in a model on a particular level. That doesn’t stop people from asking for LODn00
models. In any serious BIM project the
question is asked to all of the partners what
kind of information they need to do their job.
A common reply to that question is to name
an LOD level. Some companies even tell
the rest of the team that work only starts for
them when the model is on a certain level.
The Model Element Table to fill in the exact
model requirements is almost never used
so just mentioning an LOD number is still not
clear to the team. However, everybody has
his or her own idea of what a LODn00 model
is, or should be.
Questionnaires in the form of quizzes were
done in the Netherlands showing pictures of
BIM and asking people what LOD level the
model. The opinion of the model creator was
only known by the researcher. Almost none
of the responses were the same as the original opinion of the model creator. For some
projects there were separate models for the
construction, the architecture and the MEP
according to the concept of aspectmodels
. All of those models were classified as the
same LOD, but the respondents estimated
them differently.
The problem is that the industry has run of
with the concept of LOD, without defining it
properly. Every person has an individual opinion on what a LODn00 model is or should
be.
The reason why the concept of LODs is
so popular is because is gives an impression about a moment in the process. More
developed models will likely be more stable
and less subject to change. When a project
partner, like the MEP engineer, receives a
model from the architect it should be clear
what the expected response should be. With
BIM tools an architect can model very detai-
led models that seem to be almost ready to
be build. An MEP engineer therefore starts
to model very detailed MEP models and
sends them back to the architect. However,
the model from the architect was just a
first draft and it still changes dramatically.
Because is was not clear that the model
was just a very early design phase sketch
the modeling of the MEP engineer could be
considered as failure costs. On the other
hand some models from the architect don’t
always provide enough information for the
MEP engineer to perform his task.
In the collaboration between multiple partners it should be required to know exactly:
• What the model can be used for;
• What data in the model is definite;
• What confidence level is appropriate for
the model;
The main issue with the current specification of the LOD concept is that there is not
a clear agreement and understanding of
what the model can be used for. Therefore
the Dutch Rijksgebouwendienst (the Dutch
General Services Administration) has removed references to the LOD concept from
their BIM Norm .
Several efforts have been made to define
the LOD levels more in depth. The next
chapter evaluates the most mature, known
efforts against the stated requirements.
Comparison of popular LOD concepts
During this project the team also looked
at several other information levels like the
Danish levels, the AIA, BIMforum.org, the
Australian, the UK RIBA information and the
LOD concept in CityGML.
The Danish Information levels
In Denmark, a package of guidelines regarding 3D was developed in 2006. This was
accomplished under the Digital Construction
program initiated by the Danish Enterprise
and Construction Authority. In June 2006 the
Danish BIPS published the document “3D
Working Method 2006” .
The Danish method is built up on the principle of evolving detailing. Each party will
add information to the discipline model
at a higher and higher level successively
through the process and thus work with
rising information levels within its discipline. The modeled construction objects are
refined geometrically and functionally and a
number of object attributes are added and
specified further during the process.
On transition from one agreed phase to
the next, the discipline model is locked,
with a status corresponding to the current
information level. This information level is
the starting point for modeling in the next
phase. The Danish concept uses seven
information levels. The method can be adapted to traditional phasing of construction, but
does not exclude the option, on a specific
project, of using another division of processes and responsibilities in terms of time and
content. More or fewer information levels,
and different constellations of information
levels between the discipline models can
be used .
The seven levels correspond roughly to
the traditional construction phases, but the
levels can be customized to other phased
processes and methods, and the allocation
of roles can vary in accordance with the
nature of the task .
Vico Model Progression
Specification
Vico Software (then a division of Graphisoft)
began work in 2004 on a Model Progression
Specification (MPS). The core of the MPS is
the “Level of Detail” definitions—descriptions
of the steps through which a BIM element
can logically progress from the lowest level
of conceptual approximation to the highest
level of representational precision. The 5
levels are: Conceptual (100), Approximate
geometry (200), Precise geometry (300),
Fabrication (400), As-built (500). LOD identifies how much information is known about
a model element at a given time .
AIA LOD
The AIA California Council IPD committee
and the AIA Contract Documents Committee
adopted the LOD concept as the core of its
E202-2008 Building Information Modeling
Protocol . This committee evolved the LOD
concept into “Level of Development”. In
2008, the AIA developed its first set of Level
of Development definitions in AIA Document
E202™-2008 Building Information Modeling
Protocol. Due to the rapidly evolving nature
of the use of BIM, the AIA evaluated the
E202–2008, including the LOD definitions.
The result is the updated and reconfigured
Digital Practice documents, AIA E203™–
2013, Building Information Modeling and
Digital Data Exhibit, AIA G201™–2013,
Project Digital Data Protocol Form, and AIA
G202™–2013, Project Building Information
Modeling Protocol Form, which are accompanied by a detailed guide document entitled Guide and Instructions to the AIA Digital
Practice Documents. The AIA’s updated
Digital Practice documents include revised
LOD definitions .
BIMforum LOD
To help further the standardization and consistent use of the LOD concept, and to increase its usefulness as a foundation for collaboration, the AIA agreed to allow BIMForum.
org to utilize its latest LOD definitions in
this Specification. In early 2011, the LOD
Working Group was formed under the auspices of the BIMForum and began developing
the LOD framework into a consensus-based
document. The LOD definitions that are
used in this document are identical to those
to be published in the AIA’s updated Digital
Practice Documents, with two exceptions:
- First, the working group identified the
need for an LOD that would define model
elements sufficiently developed to facilitate coordination between disciplines—e.g.,
clash detection/avoidance, layout, etc. The
requirements for this level are higher than
those for 300, but not as high as those for
400, thus it was designated LOD 350. The
AIA documents do not include LOD 350,
but the associated Guide and Instructions
references it.
- Second, while LOD 500 is included in the
AIA’s LOD definitions, the working group did
not feel it was necessary to further define
and illustrate LOD 500 in this Specification
because it relates to field verification.
Accordingly the expanded descriptions and
graphical illustrations in this Specification
are limited to LOD 100-400 .
The first draft of the resulting Level of
Development Specification was released for
public comment at the Miami BIMForum on
April 2013 .
US veterans affairs and 2010 and
Australia’s NatSPEC 2011
To facilitate BIM development, in 2010 the
US Veterans Affairs has provided the Object
Element Matrix that defines object and element properties and attributes by Uniformat/
OmniClass classification and Level of
Development (LoD) . It is a spreadsheet
to be used for identifying and tracking BIM
information during the project. It depicts
Building Information Typologies/Types,
when they are relevant, and to what level
of development (LOD) throughout a building
lifecycle. It is an expansion of AIA Document
E202 BIM Protocol Exhibit
to support a greater level of
understanding of BIM information use. The initiative and
spreadsheet were adopted
by Australia’s NatSPEC in its
BIM Object/Element Matrix .
UK RIBA, BSI and NBS
In the UK BSI published PAS
1192-2 (Specification for
information management for
the capital/delivery phase of
construction projects using
building information modeling) in 2013 . This
document defines the following abbreviations:
- A.77 levels of model detail (LOD):
Description of graphical content of models
at each of the stages defined for example in
the CIC Scope of Services.
- A.78 levels of model information (LOI):
Description of non-graphical content of
models at each of the stages defined for
example in the CIC Scope of Services.
The document shows the level of graphical
and non-graphical information slowly developing throughout the project (alongside
additional documentation).
The RIBA Plan of Work was published in
2013. As part of Stage 1 “Preparation and
Brief”, one key task that should take place
before design begins is the production of
a Design Responsibility Matrix . NBS has
developed several tools to support the production of this document.
Private excel sheets
Several private BIM modeling companies
have all created their own so called “demarcation” lists. This (mostly spreadsheet) lists
define the border of what should be modeled
in a particular phase of the process. These
initiatives also show the necessity to define
what information is needed to perform a
specific given task. The current definition
of LOD concepts is not explicit enough for
this.
General/overall conclusion
There seems to be a consensus that a focus
on geometry (“Level of Detail”) isn’t the key
issue. Years ago already the LOD abbreviation was changed to “Level of Development”
making geometry and non-geometric information equally important. Although the
Danish had this covered already in 2006.
The LOD concept gained traction with the
AIA document. This initiative was focused
on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and
missed some tools to apply the LOD concept
in other projects. With the comprehensive
spreadsheet from the US Veterans affairs’
minimum BIM requirements release, the
concept was made applicable for practice.
However, most practitioners lost themselves
in filling out huge spreadsheets without actu-
ally thinking about why they were doing it.
Today initiatives like BIMforum.org and the
UK initiatives agree that the concept should
be used as a guideline to define project responsibilities and expectations in a project.
Solution approach
Four sector representative organizations
and nine Dutch SME companies asked
[review anonymous] to start a research and
development project to address the issues
that arise with the LOD concept in Dutch
practice. The main issue they face is about
trust. There is a need to be able to rely on
the presence of sufficient information in a
model to perform a given task. It should be
clear what a model could be used for.
The solution approach in this research project is to develop a standard or specification
that defines the information that should be
in a model to perform a specific task. A
model on a certain level should be trusted
to “be useful for” a goal. There are specific
tasks and goals models are used for during
different stages of a modeling process. For
example cost calculation, energy simulation,
checking design requirements, etc. are all
tasks that are performed based on a BIM
model during every stage of the process.
When a model holds more detailed information (properties and geometry) these
simulations will be more precise during the
process.
The ideal situation would be to define Model
View Definitions (MVDs) for every specific
task. These MVDs mostly hold the minimum information for a simulation. During
a typical project process there are several
simulations that have to be performed to
make a decision to continue the project.
The concept of LOD and, the goal of this
project, were to define a more generic set of
minimum required data to support decisions
during GO/No-GO moments in the process.
To define these tasks the team analyzed
GO/No-GO moments during several BIM
projects.
Side step: Backwards engineering
As a sidestep during this research project
the team was interested if there would
be a de-facto standard for the LOD 100500 levels. Therefore 35 models with different assigned LOD levels from 100 to
350 were analyzed on 10 different aspects.
The aspects were number of objects, M³
Volume, number of Spaces, M³ of Spaces,
number of geometric triangles, Objects/
M³, Triangles/ Volume, Objects/ Space M³,
Triangles/ Space Volume, Average number
of properties / Object. The complete models
where analyzed, the models without proxy
element and the models without proxy and
furniture elements. If there would be a
de-facto standard for the LOD levels, the
numbers should reveal a pattern of incre-
asing complexity. This was not the case,
concluding that there is no de-facto standard
to be defined from the given models and
characteristics.
Methodology
The team analyzed GO/No-GO moments
during several BIM projects. Depending on
the company, the discipline of work and personal opinions the project phases that were
found had different names. Research and
interviews showed that there is a consensus
about 7 stages with GO/No-GO moments
in between. BIM models should be suited
to support these discussion moments. The
result is presented in the following table:
In the last row of the table a comparison
is made between the levels from RIBA,
Denmark, US AIA, CityGML and typical
Dutch norms and currently common names.
Although this effort was defined independently from the current LOD conceptual
frameworks, the similarity with the Danish
information levels and the UK RIBA levels
was very high. This lead us to the question
if more European construction processes
might require a different approach to the
LOD concept than the current US levels.
We came to the conclusion that the Dutch
industry needed 7 levels of information in
BIM models. We named them 0 to 6. We
listed the information that should be in the
model per level and the anticipated use
of where the model could be trusted to be
used for.
At this stage the project delivered nothing
more than an alternative to the LOD100-500.
For users to be able to trust that a model
holds enough information to be useful
for a task, additional
specifications were
needed. The team
decided to create a
matrix with objects
and properties listed per information
level. Furthermore a
project template had
to be defined to brief
project team members about project
phases and related
information levels
for a specific project. In total there
will be three deliverables: the matrix as
the ‘standard’ specification of objects and
properties that have to be in a model on a
certain level; a practical guide how to use
the concept of information levels explaining
background, examples, etc. with references
to the matrix; and a project template to be
used in a specific BIM project to define
the use of the concept. This template uses
references to the practical guide and the
matrix.
Results
The matrix
To define what objects and properties should
be in a model that is modeled on a certain
level, a matrix is created. The matrix looks
like:
The objects and properties are listed on the
left column. For each Information Level a
column is available. With ‘x’ signs the team
defined which objects + properties had to be
in a model on a certain level. Each decision
was done with the question in mind: ‘What
information should be in the model to perform the task defined for that level?’.
The team recognized the potential to use
a predefined list of objects and properties.
Like the Danish concept a reference to an
object library (or BSDD concept library)
would make sense. Therefore this project
extracted all the Dutch concepts and properties from the BSDD. This gave us a list
of >12.000 concepts with a total of >60.000
properties. This was impractical to use to
fill out the matrix. An alternative was to list
all IFC objects and properties but the same
issues came up with impracticalities. Finally
the team decided to use the Dutch classification system NL-SFB as a base to start
the definition in the matrix. Eventually the
matrix hold over 2.000 properties of objects
in 8 categories. The matrix is published in an
online database on nationalbimguidelines.
nl. The database is accessible to anyone
and there are multiple options to query and
filter it.
Practical guide
The goal of the practical guide is to explain
the proposed usage of the Information
Levels. Most important contents of this
guide are: a position statement about the
concept (background, disclaimer, definitions,); a description of the Information Levels
and their proposed use; example pictures;
use case examples. The guide has references to the matrix, but its mail purpose is
to explain how to use the concept and the
project template.
The project template
The project template is a tool, ideally to be
used at the beginning of a project phase.
It helps project teams to define how they
are going to use the information levels in
their specific project. It is used as a spreadsheet/table that holds a demarcation of
the project. A project could be demarcated
in building parts, building elements, etc.
The team is free to choose this. For each
section the team should agree on who will
model that section (i.e. who is responsible);
what the status of that model will be; what
classification system is used in the model;
what information level the model will have
(minimal); and there is the ability to list some
exceptions. A typical project template could
look like the table in the next column
The project template is part of the BIM protocol generator and available on bimprotocolgenerator.com.
Usage/implementation
The concept of the 7 levels, the definitions
and the project template where validated in
Dutch projects. These pilots were the source
for the information in the practical guide.
The evaluation delivered example pictures
and valuable feedback that is integrated in
the practical guide. Unfortunately there are
not enough projects available yet that used
the Dutch Information Level during multiple
phases of a project, to do validated statements about the usability of the concept.
However, all users respond that the specification (the matrix) is a solution to the current
lack of definitions for LOD.
The most important feedbacks from practical
use that are integrated in the practical guide
are:
• There is no strict correspondence
between the Dutch Information Levels
and design phases. The use of the
Dutch Information Levels in a project
doesn’t have to be in the same sequence as the levels. Different projects have
different needs and parts of models
might be more or less developed during
a project.
• The Dutch Information Levels define
a base for the minimum level of information that has to be in the model to
be used for a defined task. The project
members still have to think about what
they need before the start of each project (phase).
• Creating a working standard for each
project could improve productivity of
BIM modelers.
• The information in a model can be
(much) more detailed than the assigned
Information Level to the model. The
assigned information level says something about the trustworthiness of the
data in a model, not about the amount
of information in it.
• There is no such thing as a model on
a certain Dutch Information Level. As
previously stated, project models at any
stage of delivery will invariably contain
elements and assemblies at various
levels. The use of the project template
is therefore a key issue to successfully
use this concept.
• There is a returning request for an
automated tool to validate IFC models
to the Dutch Information Levels. In addition to the previous two bullets is does
not make sense to evaluate a model
to assign a level to it. It would make
sense to check if the minimum required
information is in a model that is already
labeled with a Dutch Information Level.
However, because information can be
hosted in the model on several different
locations and manifestations it would
be impossible to automate this. Using
an open data standard like IFC is not
enough to solve this issue. Additional
MVDs could be created to facilitate
this.
Conclusions
The main issue during the discussion about
the LOD concept is, or at least should be,
about trust. Project members need to be
able to know what the level of trust is from
the information. With increasing capabilities
of BIM modeling software most BIM models
will hold much more information than the
assigned information level. Exchanging data
and the use of Information Levels is not
about the amount of information in a model,
but about the level of trust that can be
assigned to a model. The original approach
“Where can I use this model for” fits perfect
in this conclusion. There needs to be a
minimum amount of information in a model
to be able to use it for a task, but the real
message modelers give to team members is
about the level of reliance of the data.
In the end a BIM model is used to make
decisions in a process. Using the Dutch
Information Levels as a definition project
members are sure to have enough information to base their decision on.
The most surprising conclusion we found
during this project was that the level of detail
of the geometry of a model was not important at all.
Reflection and future work
This research was just a first step into the
development of a stable standard for Dutch
Information Levels. There are still some
issues to resolve and future work to be
done:
• There hasn’t been enough focus on the
installation (MEP) part of the matrix.
The team couldn’t produce enough
information from this discipline.
• Level 0 is still underexposed. There is
not a lot of experience with BIM information in the requirements stage of
projects.
• More pilots and testing needs to be conducted to validate this approach.
• One of the main problems that project
members don’t define (or don’t know)
what they need from other team members is still not addressed with this
project. Therefore we started a BIM protocol generator. The BIM protocol generator also holds the project template for
the Dutch Information Levels.
• The use of classification is very important on each level. The experience of
Dutch modelers with correct classification seems to be insufficient.
• The current Dutch Information Levels
only define objects and properties.
Each object and each level should also
contain modeling agreements.
• The link with BSDD or other concept/
object libraries could be of great value.
This still has to be researched.
• There is no reference from objects and
properties to their equivalent in the IFC
standard.
• The standard definition (the matrix)
is available online and will be referenced in contracts. When revisions
or additions will be made to this
standard it should be clear that there
is a new version. References in contracts should therefore also name
the version number of the Dutch
Information Level standard.
Acknowledgement
The figures used in this article
are created by ZEEP Architecten,
Amersfoort
Advertorial
Itannex - Visie op Open BIM
Visie op Open BIM
Open BIM is een universele aanpak om op
basis van open uitwisselingstandaarden en
processen gezamenlijk te werken aan het
ontwerp, uitvoering en beheer van bouwwerken. Op basis van de Open BIM aanpak
kunnen alle partijen samenwerken, ongeacht welke software ze gebruiken. Itannex
ondersteunt klanten al enkele jaren met het
communiceren volgens deze open uitwisselingsstandaarden, zoals IFC en XML.
Belangrijk bij deze open uitwisseling zijn
goede werkafspraken en de juiste opbouw
van uw native bestand en uw exportbestand.
Open uitwisseling
De open uitwisseling gebeurt nu onder
andere via IFC. IFC staat voor Industry
Foundation Classes en is een neutraal en
open bestandsformaat voor het uitwisselen
van bouwinformatie, waardoor er informatie kan worden uitgewisseld tussen partijen zonder dat men gebonden is aan een
bepaald softwarepakket. Het doel van IFC
is om binnen een BIM samenwerking modellen en bestanden uit te kunnen wisselen. Er
wordt samengewerkt met aspectmodellen
op basis van uitwisseling met IFC export
bestanden. Een systeem waarbij elke partij
zijn eigen 3D model heeft en beheert en
deze worden uitgewisseld op basis van IFC
exports, waarna afstemming plaatsvindt.
Het afstemmen van de modellen dient te
geschieden door middel van clash-controles die worden uitgevoerd door de BIMregisseur (een aannemer, architect, of externe BIM specialist). Een clash controle wordt
vaak uitgevoerd met externe software, zoals
Navisworks, Solibri of BIM 360.
Een andere open uitwisselingsstandaard is
XML. Deze standaard heeft Itannex toegepast bij de in eigen beheer ont- wikkelde
FABwindow module, waarbij in Revit gemakkelijk realistische kozijnmodellen kunnen
worden gemaakt. Deze kunnen vervolgens
via XML direct worden ingelezen in de productiesoftware van de fabrikant.
Verderop in deze Itannova kunt u meer
lezen over de in eigen beheer ontwikkelde
FABwindow module, in samenwerking met
Matrix software. Ook leest u verderop een
artikel over ‘Uitgerekend BIM!’, een samenwerking
tussen Kuijpers, BINK software en Itannex,
waarbij ook gebruikt is gemaakt van een
XML uitwisseling tussen de rekensoftware
van BINK en Revit. Deze bi-directionele
koppeling zorgt ervoor dat de gegevens
over en weer in beide softwarepakketten
gebruikt kunnen worden. Gegevens hoeven
dus maar één keer ingevoerd te worden, wat
een enorme tijdsbesparing oplevert!
Problematiek van de markt
Bij een Open BIM is er, door de uitwisseling
via bijvoorbeeld IFC bestanden, regelmatig
sprake van dataverlies. Dit komt doordat
alle software op een andere manier is
opgebouwd. Dit kan gevaarlijk zijn (kans op
fouten!) en kan bovendien veel extra werk
kosten.
Het is van groot belang dat de IFC export
met de juiste instellingen wordt gemaakt,
anders kan er zoals gezegd veel dataverlies
optreden. Itannex kan de IFC export bestanden voor u optimaliseren, zodat?er kan
worden uitgewisseld, geclasht en gecoördineerd in de coördinatie software (BIM 360,
Solibri of Navisworks). Ook de opbouw van
het native model moet op de juiste manier,
bijvoorbeeld door het nulpunt op de juiste
plek te plaatsen.
Tot slot moet men zich realiseren dat wanneer er een centraal model wordt gemaakt
op basis van bijvoorbeeld IFC, hieruit bijvoorbeeld niet zomaar werktekeningen kunnen worden gegenereerd. Dit gebeurt normaal gesproken in de native software. Dit
zijn allemaal overwegingen om rekening
mee te houden, wanneer er bij een project
gekeken wordt naar de aanpak en het BIM
proces.
BIM 360
Helemaal in de Open BIM gedachte heeft
Autodesk eind 2013 BIM 360 gelanceerd.
Met deze software wordt de kracht van het
internet gebruikt om virtueel te ontwerpen,
samen te werken en informatie en modellen
te beheren.
Dit zorgt voor een perfecte stroomlijning
van uw eigen proces en van uw samenwerkingspartners. Lees op de achterzijde
van deze Itannova alles over de BIM 360
producten.
De toekomst
Alle ontwikkelingen op het gebied van software en BIM zullen ervoor zorgen dat Open
BIM gewoon de standaard zal worden van
BIM. Er moet gewoon onafhankelijk van de
gekozen software gewerkt kunnen worden.
TNO heeft al eerder onderzoek gedaan
naar het op de juiste manier inzetten van
BIM en kwam met onderstaand schema als
conclusie. Links in het schema is de uitvoeringskant, met het zogenaamde ‘ag- gregate
model’ (één integraal model) en rechts de
ontwerpkant, met de verschillende modellen
van de disciplines (o.a. architect, constructeur en installatie-adviseur). Uitwisseling
gebeurt op basis van IFC.
Rekensoftware in de bouw en civiele techniek
De vereniging Stumico heeft een lange historie op het gebied van rekensoftware in de bouw en civiele techniek. Herman Oogink,
bestuurslid van Stumico en CTO bij Nemetschek Scia, kijkt in deze special over rekensoftware terug en vooruit.
Ontwikkeling rekensoftware
In de jaren tachtig ontwikkelden Stumicoleden zelf kleine softwaremodules ter ondersteuning van de dagelijkse praktijk van
constructeurs, met behulp van Visual Basic
of gewoon een spreadsheet. Deze deelden zij met elkaar in verenigingsverband.
Gaandeweg heeft de hele ICT-sector en dus
ook de ontwikkeling van rekensoftware een
grote vlucht genomen. Tegenwoordig zijn er
diverse professionele EEM-software applicaties op de markt waarmee constructeurs
niet alleen een ligger op twee steunpunten
kunnen uitrekenen, maar ook complexe 3D
modellen kunnen doorrekenen. De analysemodellen, die ten grondslag liggen aan
hun berekeningen, zijn met geavanceerde
tools snel en volledig grafisch op te bouwen.
Meerdere materialen daarbij gebruiken is
geen issue. De noodzakelijke normtoetsingen voor bijvoorbeeld staal, beton maar ook
voor aardbevingen zijn in de huidige generatie applicaties volledig geïntegreerd. Op
een grafische manier krijgt de constructeur
inzicht in hoe de constructie zich gedraagt
onder de opgegeven lasten. Ook het niet
lineair rekenen begint gemeengoed te worden. Was dit vroeger alleen beschikbaar
in kostbare en complexe EEM-software,
tegenwoordig is ook die functionaliteit toegankelijk en betaalbaar voor elke constructeur. Gangbare toepassingen zijn o.a.: niet
lineaire doorbuigingsberekening van een
vloer, het berekenen van metselwerk en
het plastisch berekenen van een staalstructuur. Minder gangbaar maar dankzij
geavanceerde rekensoftware tegenwoordig
wel mogelijk, is het ontwerpen van kunststof
bruggen en sluisdeuren en de toepassing
van composietmaterialen. Belastingen zoals
wind en sneeuw, maar ook mobiele lasten
op bruggen, zijn voortaan automatisch te
genereren, wat veel werk uit handen neemt.
Samengevat kan de huidige constructeur
met meer inzicht en materiaalkeuze in kortere tijd alternatieven doorrekenen en zien
wat de consequenties van zijn beslissingen
zijn.
Trends en toekomstperspectief
De laatste trend gestuurd door de toepassing van Building Information Modelling,
is dat analyse-modellen gelijktijdig met of
op basis van constructiemodellen worden
gecreëerd. Hoewel hier nog haken en ogen
aan zitten, omdat een constructiemodel
nu eenmaal geen analysemodel is, heeft
het toch voordelen. Het kan bij grote constructies namelijk veel tijd besparen in het
modelleren van het analysemodel. Door dit
model als referentie te linken aan het constructiemodel, heeft men vele voordelen bij
wijzigingen. Wijzigingen kunnen zichtbaar
gemaakt worden en deze helpen de constructeur bij het aanpassen van het analysemodel. Hoe het in de toekomst verder zal
gaan is natuurlijk koffiedik kijken, maar wij
geloven dat het einde nog niet in zicht is.
Door parallelprocessing, webservers, cloud
etc. komt er meer rekenkracht beschikbaar
en zal ook het samenwerken via de cloud
zijn weg vinden. De komende jaren kunnen
constructies nog sneller en geavanceerder
doorgerekend worden, met een nauwkeurigheid die de praktijk steeds dichter benadert.
Daarmee is de structuur van een gebouw of
kunstwerk verder te optimaliseren. Nu zijn
er al tools die voor de constructeur op basis
van door hem opgegeven randbedingingen
een constructie optimaliseren op materiaalverbruik of praktische toepasbaarheid. Dit
zal zeker een bredere toepassing gaan vinden. Ondertussen gebruiken veel constructeurs ook nog eenvoudige programma’s en
exel-sheets voor bijvoorbeeld het berekenen
van de wapening in een betondoorsneden.
Vooral omdat de constructeur gevoel wil
houden met wat hij aan het doen is. Hier is
op zich niets mis mee, maar het is ook de
grote uitdaging voor softwareleveranciers:
zorg dat ondanks steeds geavanceerdere
berekeningsmogelijkheden de constructeur
het gevoel houdt bij wat er gebeurt. Dit
houdt in dat op alle mogelijke manieren
informatie over het gedrag van de constructie beschikbaar en oproepbaar moet
zijn en de constructeur kan ingrijpen waar
nodig. De kennis van constructeurs blijft
altijd waardevol, software kan veel werk uit
handen nemen maar de constructeur is en
blijft uiteindelijk verantwoordelijk.
Meer informatie over de vereniging Stumico
is te vinden op: www.stumico.nl
Verantwoording
Dit artikel is met toestemming van de redactie overgenomen uit CAD Magazine
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The Crossrail project
By Stephen Smith Application Information Manager
Crossrail Project Introduction
Crossrail is currently Europe’s largest
civil construction project and is set to play
a vital role in addressing London’s future
transport needs and in securing future
economic growth for the UK. The scheme
will run for 118 km from Maidenhead and
Heathrow in the west, through new twinbore 21 km tunnels under central London
to Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the east
(Figuur 1) It includes delivery of 8 new
subsurface stations and 1 above ground
station (http://www.crossrail.co.uk).
projects are to be BIM level 2 by 2016.
Maturity level 2 is defined as a managed
3D environment held in separate discipline BIM tools with attached data with
integration on the basis of proprietary
interfaces or bespoke middleware and is
often referred too as pBIM (proprietary
BIM) (BS B/555, 2012).
Crossrail initially set out its requirements
for technical data management back in
2007, four years prior to the UK GCS
requirements but nevertheless strives to
design since it enabled the designers
to coordinate their designs with the 3D
models of adjacent FDCs. This approach inherently leads to clash prevention
that in turn reduced the need for clash
detection. Automated Quality Assurance
(QA) routines were built into the CDE
workflow to ensure that the design data
complied with Crossrail standards. This
facility is crucial to enabling Crossrail to
control the vast quantity of design data
being produced on the Project.
The project is being delivered entirely in
fully object-oriented (intelligent) 3D CAD
models that know where they are (location, coordinate system), what they are
(e.g. air conditioning unit) and how they
relate to other objects within a system. All
CAD data was classified in accordance
with Unified Classification (Uniclass -
http://www.cpic.org.uk/en/publications/
uniclass-listing.cfm) to ensure consisFiguur 1 - Crossrail traject
The Project is highly complex with over
25 design contracts, 30 advanced works
and 60 construction and logistics contracts, often with multiple interfaces.
The potential for miscommunication and
interface problems is significant. This
complexity carries significant risk that
must be carefully managed by Crossrail
through the right enabling contractual
and governance environment. The collaborative nature of BIM is viewed by
Crossrail as an important way to manage
this risk.
UK Government BIM Requirements
In 2011 the UK Government Construction
Strategy (UK GCS) called for a paradigm
shift in the procurement and delivery of
construction projects based on a whole
life “built environment” approach. The
detailed programme targeted to reduce costs by up to 20% through the
implementation of a wide-ranging set of
measures including a more collaborative
approach to procurement, supplier relationship management, client relationship
management and BIM.
To enable assessment of BIM the UK
government has adopted a BIM maturity
model, first published in BS 1192:2007. A
major updated of the model was published in BS B/555 (figuur 2) shows how
the growing set of BIM standards and
guidance relate and how they can be
applied by projects. The UK GCS stated that all public sector construction
deliver to level 2.
tency of terminology. This enables the
contractors to use the models for automatic material scheduling, cost estimating, procurement, fabrication and construction.
BIM Academy
Crossrail highlighted one of the major
risks of implementing BIM on the Project
as being an industry shortage of personnel with required BIM skills. The problem
was first identified as a shortage of technical 3D model computer aided design
resources.
Figuur 3 - BIM Academy
Figuur 2 - BIM Maturity
BIM IN PRACTICE
Design Phase
By the nature of its client role, Crossrail
is an enabler of information management,
setting the standards and requirements
within which others parties collaborate
to deliver the Project. A major component
of Crossrail’s approach to collaborative
working was esta
blishing the first BS 1192:2007 Common
Data Environment (CDE). Built upon a
customised configuration of Bentley
Systems ProjectWise, the CDE was the
single location for producing design
information so that it could be collated,
managed and disseminated amongst the
many multi-disciplinary teams. The CDE
facilitated the production of an integrated
Later it was recognised that there was
also a BIM knowledge and awareness
issue with non-technical Project team
members. To address this risk, and to
bring clarity of responsibilities, Crossrail
and Bentley jointly opened the UK’s first
dedicated BIM Academy in February 2012
that provides free hands-on training to
the Crossrail supply chain (figure 3).
BIM In Construction
The Project consists of many separate
construction contracts each managing
specific scopes of ‘design & build’ work,
generally split by stations, sections of
tunnel, portals and shafts. By their nature each of these contractors, often consisting of consortium members, have
different approaches to their use of BIM
through the planning, manufacturing and
construction phases.
- Visual Construction Planning
Crossrail implemented 4D in areas where
there are complex interface issues or significant construction sequencing risks,
known as 4D target areas. The 4D work
undertaken was successful in reducing
the Project risk profile, has enabled the
delivery teams to explore construction
options and has helped to optimise construction sequencing across multiple
areas on the Project.
- Field BIM
Crossrail implemented a field BIM initiative focused on enabling its own Crossrail
field-based operatives to gain access to
BIM data on the work sites. Crossrail
identified this as an important step to
successful BIM implementation as it puts
the BIM model in the hands of the ultimate end users. To support this initiative
Crossrail developed a Field Mobility Plan
that identified two principle drivers:
• Ensure complete and correct BIM
data is available to support appropriate decisions when managing
and inspecting contractors’ work
(example Figure 4).
• Enable construction progress data
to be captured in the field and passed back electronically to the central
CDE. This reduces manual processing of information that leads to
errors and delays.
Figuur 4 - Inspecting
- Fabrication and Manufacture
Many Crossrail contractors have developed processes to extract the DGN
design data from the Project CDE into
interchange formats, primarily Industry
Foundation Classes (IFC), to populate
station structure by contractor Laing
O’Rourke
( http://www.cnplus.co.uk/
clients/crossrail/in-pictures-transportsecretary-visits-laing-orourke-steetleyfactory/8656577.article).
BIM for Handover and Asset
Management
Crossrail anticipate that the most significant value from implementing BIM will
be realised in the operations phase and
in the business outcomes from operations (figure 5), known as wider scheme
benefits. For example designing assets
to support maintenance regimes that
minimise track occupations, resulting
in greater service availability for passengers. BIM should help to ensure that
the built asset performs in accordance
with its design criteria as well as reduces
construction waste (37% of materials
used in the construction industry become waste) and change (10% of project
costs) (https://www.gov.uk/government/
uploads/system/uploads/attachment_
data/file/60931/John_20Tocci_20_
E2_80_93_20BIM_20presentation.pdf).
To realise these wider scheme benefits
Crossrail is working towards integrating the design and construction phases
of the Project with the handover and
operations phase through a number of
initiatives working closely with the intended operators and maintainers of the
railway.
Figuur 5 CONCLUSION
Starting back in 2007 Crossrail established a solid information management
foundation built upon lessons from previous major UK civil projects. Crossrail
are creating an intelligent 3D Model with
linked databases managing associated
project data so it is argued that the
Project is substantially delivering to the
UK GCS BIM Level 2.
their own fabrication and manufacturing
systems. One example is the wide scale
“off-site” fabrication of Custom House
The design complexity of the Crossrail
programme of works required that
Crossrail as a client provided a collaborative and integrated design environment
to enable successful project delivery.
The 3D Model based CDE and the use of
a BS1192 managed workflow has contri-
buted significantly to the management
and delivery of an integrated design
and the production of the construction
drawings. As the project shifted focus
in 2011/12 into detailed architectural and
MEP design, Crossrail made changes
aimed at maximising BIM during this
critical design phase. The major changes
have been to strengthen the use of the
3D model for design coordination and
review and to integrate the 3D model
with the design assurance process. Early
evidence shows that these changes have
had a positive impact on quality and consistency of design. Time will tell whether
this also leads to downstream efficiencies by reducing cost of rework on site.
Extending the use of the BIM model into
construction has been more limited and
sporadic across the Project for a number
of reasons. The majority of the major
construction contracts were already
awarded and partly executed making
implementing changes difficult to justify.
Additionally since the contractors have
full responsibility for their own detailed
design and construction works, Crossrail
sought to apply a light touch approach to
construction management. This has subsequently resulted in a varied application of BIM practices by the contractors
throughout their procurement, fabrication and construction phases. Some of
the contractors are using the BIM models
extensively and where this is happening
it is having a positive impact of improving communication and collaboration
amongst the project teams. Crossrail
in its client roll has made considerable
progress implementing 4D and in developing the foundations for field BIM.
Crossrail anticipates that the most significant benefits from BIM will be realised
from 2016 when the Project begins its
phased asset handover to the railway
owner operators. To this end Crossrail
is currently focused on setting out clear
guidance and standards on the collection
of asset information and has provided the
environment to enable asset information
to be linked to the BIM model. This helps
to tie the asset management phase of the
project into the design phase that it is
hoped will enable a consistent and complete final “as-built” BIM model handover
to the owner operator to maximising
benefits from BIM during operations and
maintenance.
Stumico would like to thank Stephen
Smith for his excellent presentation on
the last meeting and his contribution for
this newletter
Colofon
Stumico Nieuwsbrief is een officiële uitgave van de Studievereniging
voor Microcomputers.
Missie
Stumico heeft als missie om voor
en door haar leden richtinggevend te zijn in bouw-ICT, waarbij
wij de volgende twee strategische
doelstellingen willen bereiken:
1. Hèt kennis- en praktijkplatform
voor ICT in de bouw, de traditionele rol van Stumico. Een vereniging van en voor praktijkmensen
die actief zijn in het bouwproces,
om te leren van elkaars ervaring.
2. Richtinggevend in bouw-ICT,
de nieuwe doelstelling vanaf
2013. Hierbij gaat het om het
mede-bepalen van de strategische sectorale agenda, stellingname en meningen over actuele thema’s en toegepast onderzoek. Fundament van dit alles
is nadrukkelijk de praktijkervaring
van Stumico-leden.
Statement
Het plaatsen van een logo, advertentie, of een artikel waar een product wordt beschreven betekent
niet dat Stumico een voorkeur uitspreekt voor de genoemde leverancier en/of producten
Bestuur
Voorzitter
• Ruud van Tongeren
Penningmeester
• Frens Pries
Secretaris
• Herman Oogink
Leden
• Edwin Dado
• Maarten Slee
• Bastiaan de Bevere
• Nico Ruikes
Secretariaat
Postbus 411
2800 AK Gouda
[email protected]
Lidmaatschap
Aan- en afmeldingen
of wijzigingen kunnen
schriftelijk of via E-mail
aan het secretariaat worden
doorgegeven
Website
www.stumico.nl
Column
Social media benutten
voor social business
Welke mening u er ook
over heeft, sociale media
zijn niet meer uit ons leven
weg te denken. Mensen
zijn
namelijk
sociale
wezens die graag met anderen contacten onderhouden en ervaringen delen. Dat maken sociale
media eenvoudiger dan ooit tevoren mogelijk.
Begrijpelijk, maar tegelijkertijd jammer, proberen
de meest populaire platformen, zoals Facebook,
Google+, LinkedIn en Twitter allemaal geld te
verdienen met advertenties. Oftewel hun leden
zijn of worden de melkkoeien. Gelukkig zijn er
ook platformen, zoals 3DSWYM en Yammer,
die speciaal zijn ontwikkeld en worden ingezet
om waarde toe te voegen aan de communicatie
en innovatie binnen bedrijven. Wie de berichtgeving over succesvolle bedrijven op social media
volgt, ontdekt al snel dat zij sociale media steeds
meer gaan benutten voor social business.
Elk bedrijf moet met zijn producten en diensten
waarde toevoegen voor klanten om te kunnen
blijven bestaan. Dat kan een bijzonder creatief
of duurzaam ontwerp zijn, de toezegging dat
een gebouw tijdig binnen het beschikbare budget wordt opgeleverd, of gedeeltelijke bijdragen
daaraan. Porter heeft dat managementprincipe
inzichtelijk gemaakt met zijn waardeketen. Een
mooi voordeel van sociale media is het feit
dat bedrijven daarmee eenvoudiger en sneller
dan ooit tevoren zowel bestaande klanten als
potentieel nieuwe kunnen betrekken bij hun productontwikkeling en -testen. Oftewel cocreatie.
Nog interessanter wordt het als bedrijven door
hun dagelijkse aanwezigheid op sociale media
eerder dan voorheen vraagveranderingen of
trends in hun markt signaleren en daarop kunnen anticiperen.
Vorig jaar heeft Avanade de resultaten bekendgemaakt van een wereldwijd onderzoek naar de
opkomst van social collaboration binnen organisaties (1000 C-level managers en 4000 medewerkers). Daaruit kwam onder andere naar
voren dat Nederlandse bedrijven vooral op de
consument gerichte social media gebruiken. Het
gebruik van zakelijke oplossingen met sociale
functionaliteit lag destijds met 24 procent lager
dan het wereldwijd gemiddelde van 30%. Door
productontwerpers, engineers en marketeers
via een marktspecifiek social businessplatform
te verbinden met klanten zijn innovaties zowel
sneller te ontwikkelen als op de markt te brengen. Dus de totale ‘time-to-market’ aanzienlijk te
verkorten. In sterk concurrerende markten als
de automobielsector en consumentenproducten
wordt dat al volop toegepast.
Innovatieve bedrijven zijn tegenwoordig niet
meer op zoek naar ICT-oplossingen die ze
helpen om de efficiency met 10 tot 20% te
verhogen. Ze zoeken naar manieren om in
samenwerking met klanten en ketenpartners
sneller unieke innovaties te kunnen ontwikkelen. Waarom zakelijke sociale media daar een
bijdrage aan kunnen leveren? Omdat de hele
wereld socialer aan het worden is en social
business oplossingen zowel mensen van binnen
als buiten de organisatie verbindt. Ze helpen ook
afdelingen die vroeger achter elkaar werkten
(productontwerp, engineering en marketing) om
eenvoudig integraal met elkaar samen te werken. Kortom, ook al vindt u dat uw kinderen of
vrienden veel teveel over zichzelf op Facebook
en andere media posten, sluit uw ogen niet voor
de kansen die social business biedt!
Bekijk voor mee informatie: http://www.marketingfacts.nl/topic/social-business
Of lees nog eens de laatste alinea van Bouwen
wordt een 3DEXPERIENCE in Stumico nieuwsbrief 111
Peter Gloudemans
OPROEP
Zoals u hierboven kunt lezen zijn wij op zoek
naar nieuwe bestuursleden. Wij hebben het
volgende profiel opgesteld:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Geen leverancier om neutraliteit uit te
stralen
Interesse in wat Stumico doet
Beide benen in de praktijk
Geinteresseerd in ICT toepassingenvoor de
Bouw.
Geen ICT’er
Energiek persoon, gedreven en gemotiveerd om de vereniging vooruit te helpen.
Bent u geinteresseerd laat het ons dan even
weten door een mail te sturen naar
[email protected] of benader een van
de bestuursleden. Hun E-mail adressen staan
op de site www.stumico.nl
Agenda 2014
24 april
• BIM en GIS interoperability
• ALV
12 juni 2014
• BIM en de rol van de model
leur deel 2
25 september 2014
• Mobiel werken, Apps en Augmented Reality
30 oktober 2014
• Excursie timmerfabriek
27 november 2014
• Beheer en Onderhoud
11 december 2014
• Excursie naar staalfabriek

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