Program and abstracts - Dag van de Perceptie 2014

Program and abstracts
TU Eindhoven, Human Technology Interaction
Organisation:
Raymond Cuijpers, Armin Kohlrausch
and Peter A. van der Helm
Contact address:
Human-Technology Interaction group
Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences
Eindhoven University of Technology
P.O. Box 513
5600 MB Eindhoven
+31-40-2472889
dagvandeperceptie.ieis.tue.nl
[email protected]
Logo:
Anja Ebbinghaus
Welcome
We would like to welcome you at the subdepartment Human-Technology Interaction of the
Eindhoven University of Technology to the 6th edition of the Dag van de Perceptie
(Perception Day). This workshop provides a forum for all colleagues interested in perception
research, with a certain regional focus on the Netherlands and Belgium, independent of their
favorite modality, to exchange research results and ideas and extend individual networks.
The initiative for this meeting was taken in 2006 by colleagues from the then TNO Institute
Human Factors in Soesterberg, who successfully organized the first three editions of this
Perception Day. This event is the third time the Dag van de Perceptie is organised at the
TU/e in Eindhoven.
Most of the aspects of the previous workshops have been preserved: the focus is on keeping
the workshop accessible to all interested colleagues. We have a small number of plenary
talks and plenty of time in between to have coffee, visit posters and get into discussions.
Like last time the presentations and most of the posters will be in English. In this booklet,
you will find the program, the abstracts of all oral presentations, a list of poster titles and a
list of participants.
We are very grateful that our colleague Peter A. van der Helm, visiting professor at the
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology of the KU Leuven (Belgium), accepted our invitation
to be the chair of the day and to support us in shaping the program. We are also indebted to
a number of persons from our university group who supported us in organizing this Day.
Special thanks go to our sponsors for the financial support that we have received: Philips
Research Europe and the subdepartment Human-Technology Interaction at the TU/e.
On behalf of the organizers
Raymond Cuijpers and Armin Kohlrausch
1
Table of Contents
Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1
Program ................................................................................................................................ 4
Talks ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Session 1 .........................................................................................................................................................................................7
The extent of visual space inferred from perspective angles............................................................................. 7
Eye dominance alternations in binocular rivalry do not require visual awareness............................... 7
Delays in admittance controlled haptic devices make simulated masses feel heavier.......................... 8
Illusory rotations in the haptic perception of moving spheres and planes ................................................. 8
Session 2 .........................................................................................................................................................................................9
The effect of attention on processing load while listening to speech in noise ........................................... 9
Perception-based description, measurement and visualization of the light diffuseness in natural
scene............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Perception based discomfort glare modeling ........................................................................................................ 10
Modeling the flicker visibility ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Session 3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................11
Reinforcement enhances error-based learning of visual-proprioceptive mapping ............................. 11
Auditory rhythms influence perceived time durations of a tunnelling object ........................................ 11
Adaptation to delayed visual feedback is task-specific ..................................................................................... 11
Look and move away: deficiencies in perception-action coupling in Parkinson’s disease patients
..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Early characterization of visual perception impairments in children....................................................... 12
Session 4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................14
Eyes on Emergence: Systematic eye movements during the recognition of emerging images ...... 14
Generalization of context-dependent motor memories: a mixed reference frame model ................ 14
Perceptual learning of unseen visual information .............................................................................................. 15
The magic of unseen sights: Amodal perception and the art of conjuring .............................................. 15
Demos ................................................................................................................................ 16
The (un)predictability of visuo-haptic and haptic-haptic biases ................................................................. 16
Posters................................................................................................................................ 17
List of participants .............................................................................................................. 20
3
Eye dominance alternations in binocular rivalry do not require visual awareness
Jeroen Goossens, Artem Platonov
Delays in admittance controlled haptic devices make simulated masses feel heavier
Irene Kuling, Jeroen Smeets, Bram Onneweer, Winfred Mugge
Illusory rotations in the haptic perception of moving spheres and planes
Astrid M.L. Kappers, Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest
9.55
10.10
10.25
Perception based discomfort glare modelling
Maurice Donners, Gilles Vissenberg, Leonie Geerdinck
Modeling the flicker visibility
Malgorzata (Gosia) Perz, Ingrid Vogels, Dragan Sekulovski, Ingrid Heynderickx
12.00
12.15
Lunch break
Perception-based description, measurement and visualization of the light diffuseness in natural scenes
Ling Xia, Sylvia Pont, Ingrid Heynderickx
11.45
12.30
The effect of attention on processing load while listening to speech in noise
Thomas Koelewijn, Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Adriana Zekveld, Hilde de Kluiver, Sophia Kramer
11.30
Session 2
Poster session 1 & Coffee break, Hallway Zwarte Doos
The extent of visual space inferred from perspective angles
Casper Erkelens
9.40
10.40
Opening
9.30
Session 1
Registration & Reception with coffee and tea
Dag van de Perceptie, filmhuis, Zwarte Doos, TU/e
9.00
Time
Program
4
Adaptation to delayed visual feedback is task-specific
Cristina de la Malla, Joan López-Moliner, Eli Brenner
Look and move away: deficiencies in perception-action coupling in Parkinson’s disease patients
Casper de Boer, Johan Pel, JJA van den Dorpel, AJW Boon, Johannes van der Steen
Early characterization of visual perception impairments in children
Marlou Kooiker, Johan Pel, Johannes van der Steen
14.15
14.30
14.45
Perceptual learning of unseen visual information
Mark Vergeer, Johan Wagemans, Raymond van Ee
The magic of unseen sights: Amodal perception and the art of conjuring
Vebjørn Ekroll, Bilge Sayim, Johan Wagemans
Final words
16.15
16.30
16.45
Drinks
Generalization of context-dependent motor memories: a mixed reference frame model
Luc Selen, Bas van Lith, Adjmal Sarwary
16.00
17.0018.30
Eyes on Emergence: Systematic eye movements during the recognition of emerging images
Barbara Nordhjem, Constanza I. Kurman Petrozzelli, Nicolas Gravel, Remco Renken, Frans Cornelissen
15.45
Session 4
Poster session 2 & Coffee break, Hallway Zwarte Doos
Auditory rhythms influence perceived time durations of a tunnelling object
Chayada Chotsrisuparat, Arno Koning, Rob van Lier
14.00
15:00
Reinforcement enhances error-based learning of visual-proprioceptive mapping
Krista Overvliet, Katinka van der Kooij, Jeroen Smeets
Session 3
Dag van de Perceptie, filmhuis, Zwarte Doos, TU/e
13.45
Time
5
6
Talks
Session 1
The extent of visual space inferred from perspective angles
Casper Erkelens
Dept of Psychology Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University
[email protected]
Retinal images are perspective projections of the visual environment. Despite this, it is not
self-evident that visual space is a perspective representation of physical space. Analysis of
underlying spatial transformations shows that visual space is perspective only if physically
parallel lines vanish at finite distance in visual space. Perspective angles, i.e. the angle
perceived between parallel lines in physical space, were estimated for rails of a straight
railway track. Perspective angles were also estimated from pictures taken from the same
point of view. Perspective angles between rails ranged from 27% to 83% of their angular
size in the retinal image. Perspective angles prescribe the distance of vanishing points of
visual space. Computed distances were shorter than six meters. This extent of a
hypothetical space inferred from perspective angles does not match the perceived extent of
visual space. The incongruity between perspective angles and experienced depth is so
unobtrusive that it has remained unnoticed. The mismatch casts doubt on the concept of a
consistent visual space.
Eye dominance alternations in binocular rivalry do not require visual awareness
Jeroen Goossens, Artem Platonov
Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and
Behaviour Dept. of Cognitive Neuroscience, section Biophysics, P.O. Box 9101 6500 HB
Nijmegen The Netherlands
[email protected]
Binocular rivalry provides a valuable means to study how sensory processing gives rise to
subjective experiences because it involves a changing percept without any change in the
visual stimulus. An important question, however, is whether visual awareness is necessary
for binocular rivalry to emerge. To address this question we presented conflicting randomdot motion stimuli in the two eyes at luminance contrasts around perceptual threshold. We
asked subjects to report continuously, via button presses, if they noticed any kind of motion
in the display (be it coherent or not), and indicate which direction of motion they thought was
dominant at any given instant even if they were unaware any motion in the display. We
biased the competition between the two dichoptic stimuli by changing the motion coherence
in one eye, while keeping it fixed in the other, to test if this induced predictable changes in
rivalry dynamics. We also probed the strength of the interocular suppression. Our data show
that binocular rivalry continues even if subjects claim complete absence of visual motion
awareness. This remarkable dissociation between visually-guided behavior and visual
awareness resembles the dissociation seen in other phenomena such as blindsight, and
visual masking. Fluctuations in awareness that did occur were temporally linked to the
dominance switches in a manner that is consistent with adaptation reciprocal-inhibition
models of binocular rivalry.
7
Delays in admittance controlled haptic devices make simulated masses feel heavier
Irene A. Kuling1, Jeroen B.J. Smeets1, Bram Onneweer2, Winfred Mugge1
1
MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU
University, Amsterdam
2
Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology
[email protected]
In an admittance-controlled haptic device, input forces are measured and used to calculate
the movement of the device. Although developers try to minimize delays, there will always
be delays between input and output in such systems. In this experiment we tested whether
these temporal delays in a haptic human-robot interaction influence the perception of mass.
In the experiment an admittance-controlled manipulator was used to simulate various
masses. In a staircase design subjects had to decide which of two virtual masses (a
reference and a comparison) was heavier after gently pushing them leftward with the right
hand in mid-air (no friction, no gravitation). The manipulator responded immediately (minimal
delay ~5 ms) or with an additional delay (25 or 50 ms) to the forces exerted by the subject
on the handle of the haptic device. The perceived mass was about 10% larger for a delay of
25 ms and about 18% larger for a delay of 50 ms. Further analyses showed that subjects did
not base their decision purely on physical properties related to force, velocity, duration and
distance. This suggests that the internal motor command and the efference copy of the push
are necessary for the human percept of inertial mass.
Illusory rotations in the haptic perception of moving spheres and planes
Astrid M.L. Kappers and Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest
MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU
University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[email protected]
Haptic matching of the orientation of bars separated by a horizontal distance leads to large
systematic deviations. This finding led to the following intriguing question which we
investigated in this study: How will a bar moving from left to right in a fixed orientation be
perceived by blindfolded observers? Interestingly, this previous finding predicts that the
translating bar will cause the illusory perception of a rotation. In our experiment, we used
psychophysical methods to determine the rotation needed to perceive the bar as nonrotating, for both rightward and left- ward translations. From our results, it can be estimated
that, on average, a bar translating in parallel over 60 cm is perceived as rotating 18°, so we
established that the predicted illusory rotation indeed exists. This implies that static and
dynamic signals are processed in a similar way.
In a follow-up experiment, we investigated whether such an illusory rotation would also be
found if a sphere or a plane (i.e. a stimulus without a clear orientation) was used as
translating stimulus. We indeed found similar rotation biases. An additional research
question was whether the biases were caused by the same underlying biasing egocentric
reference frame. To our surprise, the correlations between the sizes of the biases of the
individual participants in the various conditions were not high and mostly not even
significant. This was possibly due to day-to-day variations, but clearly, more research is
needed to answer this second research question.
8
Session 2
The effect of attention on processing load while listening to speech in noise
Thomas Koelewijn1, Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham2, Adriana A. Zekveld1,3, Hilde de
Kluiver1, & Sophia E. Kramer1
1
section Audiology, dept. of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and EMGO Institute for
Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Neuroscience and
Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, USA
3
Linnaeus Centre HEAD, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping
University, Linköping, Sweden
[email protected]
Background: Having a conversation with friends at a party can be effortful and fatiguing.
Recent research shows that working memory related processes are associated with
cognitive processing load, which is considered a major cause of listening effort. How a
related cognitive process like attention affects listening effort is unknown. Objective:
Performance on a speech perception task is enhanced when we know to whom, where, and
when to listen. In addition there are obvious benefits when we do not need to divide our
attention over multiple talkers but instead can just focus on one. In a couple of studies we
investigated how focused and divided attention influence cognitive processing load as
indexed with pupillometry during speech recognition. Design: During a speech recall task the
pupil response in normal hearing young adults was recorded while they focused on either
one or both of two sentences that were presented dichotically and masked by fluctuating
noise across a range of signal-to-noise ratios. During the performance of this task, the
effects of knowing to whom, where, and when to listen were also investigated. Results: In
line with previous studies, performance decreased when two target sentences were
processed instead of one. Additionally, dividing attention to process two sentences resulted
in larger pupil dilation and later peak pupil latency than when processing only one.
Knowledge of where and who is going to speak had a positive effect on performance and
showed a smaller pupil dilation response indicating reduced cognitive processing load.
Conclusions: These outcomes suggest an effect of attention on cognitive processing load
(pupil dilation) during speech processing in noise. How attentional processes affect cognitive
load in people with hearing loss will be addressed in future studies.
Perception-based description, measurement and visualization of the light diffuseness in natural
scene
Ling Xia, Sylvia Pont, Ingrid Heynderickx
Delft University of Technology
[email protected]
This study concerns multi- and interdisciplinary research into perception-based descriptions
of light diffuseness. We will address perceptual effects of light diffuseness and ways to
describe, measure and visualize it. Light diffuseness can highly influence the appearance of
scenes and objects in it. It serves as an important indicator of the “spatial and form-giving
character” of light and is important for the ability of light to reveal three-dimensional shapes.
Light diffuseness ranges from fully collimated to completely diffuse light. Collimated light
creates an effect of focusing by generating hard, crisp-edged shadows and large brightness
contrast while diffuse light can create a quiet atmosphere but it makes three-dimensional
shapes appear flatter. Although experts in different fields have studied light diffuseness
intensively by implementing different diffuseness metrics, the relationship between these
metrics remains unclear. Besides that, a simple and practical way to measure the light
diffuseness and a way to visualize the light diffuseness are needed. The former can serve as
a helpful tool for lighting designers and engineers to describe the diffuseness quantitatively
9
and the latter can help them to demonstrate the effects of light diffuseness more intuitively.
We examined the relationship between four most frequently used diffuseness metrics via
models and simulations. The four kinds of diffuseness metrics are the “scale of light”
(Frandsen, 1989), the “ratio between cylindrical and horizontal illuminance” (Hewitt, Bridgers,
& Simons, 1965), the “LCE (L
Perception based discomfort glare modeling
Maurice Donners, Gilles Vissenberg, Leonie Geerdinck
Philips Research, Eindhoven
[email protected]
Optimising the design of LED luminaires on technical performance and cost, often results in
arrays of LEDs with sharp light distributions. These can lead to discomfort glare in both
indoor and outdoor applications. Existing discomfort glare models are designed for large
homogeneous light sources, with smooth light distributions and they are purely
phenomenological, i.e. based on fitting of empirical data. Patterns of dots or lines are known
to have the potential to cause visual discomfort. Also this effect was modelled
phenomenologically, using the spatial frequency distribution. In our visual system, luminance
contrasts are perceived at first instance using retinal Parasol (M) ganglion cell receptive
fields. These act as a band pass filter for spatial frequency with highest transmittance in the
spatial frequency range which was found to cause highest visual discomfort. This led to the
idea that discomfort glare is in fact a special case of visual discomfort, which we should be
able to describe using a model based on retinal receptive fields. To test this hypothesis,
discomfort glare perception was tested with naïve observers in simulated outdoor and indoor
conditions, with light sources having different luminance patterns, varying in number of
LEDs, spacing, luminance distribution, beam shape and illuminances. In both cases, the
current models were not able to predict the perceived discomfort glare. The estimation of the
receptive field signal, based on Difference of Gaussians applied to measured luminance
distributions of the different sources, was shown to correl
Modeling the flicker visibility
Malgorzata (Gosia) Perz Ingrid Vogels Dragan Sekulovski Ingrid Heynderickx
Philips Research: Behavior, Cognition and Perception Eindhoven University of Technology:
IE&IS
[email protected]
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are revolutionizing the lighting domain because of a number of
unique advantages they offer, e.g. they generate light with high efficiency, and they provide
long operating lifetime. They also respond very fast to the changes in driving current, which
characteristic can be used to easily control the light output intensity (i.e. dimming), for
instance by rapidly switching the digital signal on and off to simulate the varying voltage.
Such control scheme is called PWM, and it has been shown not to introduce large changes
in the spectrum of LEDs. However, improper selection of the driving parameters can result in
visible temporal artifacts, like flicker. A number of measures have been developed in the
past to quantify flicker perception (i.e. Flicker Index, Flicker Percent). However it has been
shown that none of them can accurately predict all kinds of flicker. More recently, another
measure was developed, namely the Flicker Visibility Measure (FVM), which is based on the
summation of the energy in different frequency components, normalized for human
sensitivity. The aim of this study is to test the validity of FVM to predict flicker visibility for
waveforms with different phase shifts between the frequency components. Therefore, an
experiment was performed to measure the effect of phase difference between the frequency
components of a waveform on the visibility of flicker. Results showed that visibility
thresholds, expressed in terms of FVM were constant, regardless of the phase shift. The
FVM values at threshold were not significantly different f
10
Session 3
Reinforcement enhances error-based learning of visual-proprioceptive mapping
Krista Overvliet, Katinka van der Kooij, Jeroen Smeets
Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Amsterdam
[email protected]
Adaptation to biases between visual and proprioceptive information is generally held to occur
by gradually learning from perceived errors. Literature on motor adaptation shows that a
second process can contribute: reinforcement of successful movements. Can such
reinforcement learning contribute to learning of perceptual mappings when subjects also see
their errors? We asked participants to move an unseen hand-held cube towards visual
targets and gave them feedback with a ten degrees visual azimuthal rotation that subjects
had to adapt to. The feedback was either only performance-error only (by showing the actual
position of the hand-held cube) or could be rewarding success simultaneously (by adding a
color change and short auditory “yeah” for correct responses). We found that learning of this
new visual-proprioceptive mapping improved by giving reinforcement on top of error
feedback. Our results suggest that reinforcement learning can enhance adaptation to visualproprioceptive biases.
Auditory rhythms influence perceived time durations of a tunnelling object
Chayada Chotsrisuparat, Arno Koning, Rob van Lier
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen
[email protected]
We study perceived time durations of visual events in which an object temporarily
disappears from sight. More in particular, we investigated whether auditory rhythms
influence time perception accompanying the tunnel effect or not. The tunnel effect refers to
the perceived presence of a moving object that disappears behind an occluder and then
reappears at the other side of the occluder, which under proper conditions, is perceived as a
continuous movement of a single object passing behind the occluder. We asked participants
to judge the moment that the object would reappear, and found that perceived time duration
of the visual event depended on auditory rhythms presented while the moving object was
occluded. More in particular, even though the objects had the same visual speed before
entering the tunnel, relatively slow rhythm patterns induced longer perceived durations than
relatively fast rhythm patterns. We found this temporal modulation only when rhythms were
defined by different pause lengths (i.e., the duration of the silence between 2 equal sound
lengths). We did not find these modulatory effects when the rhythms were defined by
different sound lengths (i.e., the duration of the sound between 2 equal pause lengths).
Adaptation to delayed visual feedback is task-specific
Cristina de la Malla1,2,3 Joan López-Moliner1,2 Eli Brenner3
1
Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Universitat de Barcelona
2
Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior (IR3C), Universitat de Barcelona
3
MOVE Research Institute, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit,
Amsterdam
[email protected]
Much has been learnt by examining how adaptation to displaced visual feedback about the
position of the hand transfers to new positions and tasks. We examined adaptation to
delayed visual feedback about the hand. We showed that people readily learn to intercept
moving targets with a cursor that follows the hand with a delay of up to 200ms. Targets
moved in different directions at different speeds, so people could not just learn to make
specific movements. Adaptation transferred to movements starting at a different distance
from the target. Moreover, having to pass through a moving gap to reach the moving target
11
did not disrupt the adaptation. However, there was no transfer to lifting the hand as soon as
the same target reached an indicated position, to moving the hand to arrive at a similar static
target in synchrony with the third of three tones that were presented at equal intervals, to
moving the hand to a static target through a moving gap, or to pursuing a moving dot with
the unseen hand. Thus, adaptation to a temporal delay is task specific and can transfer to
new circumstances but not to different tasks.
Look and move away: deficiencies in perception-action coupling in Parkinson’s disease patients
C de Boer, JJM Pel, JJA van den Dorpel, AJW Boon, J van der Steen
Erasmus MC afdeling Neurowetenschappen
Erasmus MC afdeling Neurologie
[email protected]
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically
characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra (NG). This causes,
amongst others, dysregulation in the Basal Ganglia (BG). The BG are involved in inhibiting
reflexive motor responses towards visual stimuli. This suggests that PD patients might have
difficulties with inhibition of motor reflexes in perception-action coupling tasks. The goal of
this study was to compare performance in two inhibition based perception-action coupling
paradigms between a group of 30 PD patients and 30 healthy age-matched controls.
All subjects performed 1) the Anti Saccade (AS) task, in which subjects were required to
inhibit a reflexive eye movement to a visual stimulus and direct their gaze in the opposite
direction, and 2) the Anti Saccade and Anti Tapping (ASAT) task, in which subjects were
additionally required to make a hand movement away from the stimulus. Task performance
and eye response latencies were compared between groups.
PD patients made more errors (failed inhibition of reflexive responses towards the stimulus)
in the ASAT task, but not in the AS task. Additionally, in correctly performed ASAT task
trials, PD patients were on average 60 milliseconds faster in starting an eye movement away
from the stimulus. Classification of subjects based on a combination of task performance
and eye latencies in the ASAT task resulted in a sensitivity of 0.77 and a specificity of 0.63.
The results of the current study suggest that behavioral paradigms based on perceptionaction coupling, such as the ASAT task, are useful to differentiate PD patients from controls.
Such paradigms maybe of additional value in diagnosis of PD and monitoring disease
progression.
Early characterization of visual perception impairments in children
Marlou JG Kooiker, Johan JM Pel, Johannes van der Steen
Vestibular and oculomotor research group, department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC
Rotterdam
[email protected]
Higher survival rates of children at risk around birth have led to a steady increase in the
number of children with brain damage. Even children with mild structural damage have a
high risk of developing visual perception problems, which reveal itself during development
and cause major problems at school age. Depending on the brain areas that are affected,
various perceptual problems can occur (e.g. form or motion perception). From the need for a
quantitative method to assess visual perception impairments at a young age, we developed
a communication-free test (Pel et al., 2010). Reflexive oculomotor responses to specific
visual stimuli are measured with a remote eye tracker. In this study we examined the
significance of the method by linking oculomotor responses to risk factors for perceptual
problems (e.g. brain damage, intellectual disability). We compared oculomotor reaction times
to form, contrast, motion, color and cartoon stimuli in children from 1-12 years with visual
impairments (risk group, N=149) with children without visual impairments (control group,
N=127). We analyzed whether reaction times were dependent on clinical risk factors.
12
Oculomotor reaction times significantly depended on the type of stimulus, but not on age or
visual acuity. Reaction times of children in the risk group were significantly slower (M=281
ms) than those of children in the control group (M=184 ms). Within the risk group, children
with slow reaction times (M=355 ms) had a higher prevalence of brain damage, intellectual
disabilities and cerebral visual impairment than faster responding children (X2=7.5, p<.05).
We showed that the quantitative measure of oculomotor responses is related to risk factors
for visual perception impairments. This method has practical value in assessing the
effectiveness of visual processing in young children in visual rehabilitation.
13
Session 4
Eyes on Emergence: Systematic eye movements during the recognition of emerging images
Barbara Nordhjem1, Constanza I. Kurman Petrozzelli1, Nicola?s Gravel1, 3, Remco Renken2,
Frans W. Cornelissen1
1
Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
2
BCN Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen,
Groningen, The Netherlands.
3
Laboratorio de Circuitos Neuronales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia
Universidad Cato?lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
[email protected]
Perceptual grouping takes place when the visual system integrates elements, and entities
(such as objects) emerge. The –textbook– demonstration of emergence is the image of a
Dalmatian in a sun-spotted garden. Grouping of elements is typically an instantaneous
process and therefore difficult to characterize, while segregation of images with emergent
properties may take a while. It is still unclear how visual information is collected to facilitate
emergence and whether this process is affected by prior knowledge. Using a recently
developed computer algorithm, we identified a new set of images with emergent properties.
Eye movements were tracked before, during, and after recognition. To study the role of prior
knowledge, we included an unprimed and three priming conditions. Results show that
observers took a relatively long time to recognize the images (3-10 s) confirming their
emergent properties. Despite this, observers already aimed the majority of their fixations at
the object within a second. About 1 s before recognition, fixations on the background
declined further and observers gazed almost exclusively on the object. This was
accompanied by an increase in fixation duration. Priming affected recognition time, yet
neither during the start of the trial nor around the moment of recognition, observers‘ viewing
behavior was affected by it. Priming influenced decision-making but not viewing behavior.
Presumably, priming reduces recognition time by increasing observer’s confidence in the
decision reached. Our study supports a bottom-up account of information sampling and
group
Generalization of context-dependent motor memories: a mixed reference frame model
Luc P.J. Selen, Bas van Lith, Adjmal M.E. Sarwary, Pieter Medendorp
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen
[email protected]
Only by providing distinguishable sensorimotor contexts are we able to simultaneously
establish multiple motor memories (Howard et al., 2013). For example, pre-movement
reaches can signal the dynamics for upcoming target reaches so that subjects can learn and
store two motor memories in parallel (Howard et al., 2012). Here we investigate the
generalization and interference patterns associated with these context-dependent motor
memories. Using a robotic manipulandum, subjects first learned two opposing curl force
fields for a central target movement, each associated with a respective -45 and +45 deg premovement. Next, we varied the direction of this contextual pre-movement (+/- [0 15 30 45 65
95 135] deg) and replaced the force field by an error clamp in different directions (+/- [0 15
30 45 60] deg), to probe the subject’s force expression. Each error clamp trial was followed
by a curl-field trial to avoid memory decay. We found that the spatial extent of contextdependent motor memories depends on both the direction of the contextual pre-movement
and the direction of the target movement. The observed pattern is a reflection of spatial
generalization of the individual context-dependent motor memories and their interference.
We used a multiplicative gain-field model to disambiguate the generalization and
interference contributions and show that the generalization of the context-dependent motor
14
memories is coded in 3 reference frames: a pre-movement centered, a target movement
centered and an object centered (i.e. pre-movement relative to target movement) reference
frame.
Perceptual learning of unseen visual information
Mark Vergeer, Johan Wagemans and Raymond van Ee
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
[email protected]
In perceptual learning, performance on a visible trained stimulus typically improves as the
result of training. Perceptual learning reflects the plasticity of the human brain. In contrast to
common findings, we show that training on suppressing a stimulus can actually have a
detrimental effect on perceptual learning. Throughout training, an oriented grating presented
to one eye was constantly suppressed by a high-contrast expanding bull’s eye presented to
the other eye. To keep observers attentive, they performed a contrast discrimination task on
the bull’s eye while unaware of the suppressed grating. Pre- and posttest detection
performance were measured for target gratings with the suppression-trained orientation and
for gratings with the orthogonal orientation in both the trained and untrained eye. These
targets competed with a low-contrast expanding bull’s eye presented to the opposite eye.
Overall, performance showed a stronger improvement compared to pre-training baseline for
gratings presented to the eye that was dominant during training (where the bull’s eye was
presented), indicating eye-based learning. Interestingly, there was an additional stimulusbased effect, where improvement was significantly stronger for orthogonal orientations,
compared to the trained, suppressed orientation. This suggests that observers can train to
suppress a specific stimulus, which could imply that specific inhibitory connections can be
trained during learning. The stimulus effect also occurred for the untrained eye. Such
interocular transfer challenges purely monocular accounts of bino
The magic of unseen sights: Amodal perception and the art of conjuring
Vebjørn Ekroll Bilge Sayim Johan Wagemans
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
[email protected]
We argue that the essence of a magical experience – i.e. the illusion of impossibility – is a
duality of experience in which the spectator maintains two conflicting beliefs which are both
too strong to be doubted. Considering that humans generally tend to believe most strongly in
a) what they see and b) the laws of nature, creating the illusion of impossibility essentially
amounts to exploiting any erroneous assumptions about either the former or the latter. Thus,
huge gaps between what we actually perceive and what we intuitively believe we are able to
perceive (“failures of visual meta-cognition”) provide an excellent, perhaps even the ultimate,
tool for producing a strong magical experience. Most previous academic research on the
psychological principles of magic has focused on the failures of visual meta-cognition
associated with misdirection, change blindness and inattentional blindness. Here, we argue
that another systematic failure of visual meta-cognition, namely that associated with amodal
completion and amodal presence, plays an important role in the creation of many magical
effects. We present several different examples that illustrate the crucial role of known
principles of amodal completion in stage magic. Conversely, we illustrate how some simple,
yet surprisingly potent magical tricks may point to the existence of phenomena related to
amodal completion which are still largely unexplored in academic psychology.
15
Demos
The (un)predictability of visuo-haptic and haptic-haptic biases
Marieke C. W. van der Graaff, Irene A. Kuling, Eli Brenner, and Jeroen B. J. Smeets
MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU
University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[email protected]
Moving one's hand to a visually presented target on a surface under conditions that prevent
one from seeing one's hand generally results in idiosyncratic errors. Changing the visual
target for a haptic one (the other hand on the other side of the surface) results in completely
different biases. As movements in these experiments are without timing constraints and
subjects have to indicate explicitly that the moving hand is at the targets position, one might
expect that these intermodal biases reflect a mismatch between the senses. Is this indeed
the case? In this demo we can show that intermodal biases are not simply the result of a
mismatch between the senses and that the transformations of the position information
between modalities (and hands) are not simply reversible.
16
Posters
Poster board size is A0 portrait. Please put up your poster at the start of the conference in
the hallway of the ‘Zwarte Doos’. Remove your poster at the end of the day. Odd numbers
should present their posters in the morning session and even numbers in the afternoon
session.
Board
#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Title, Authors and Affiliation
Relating physical and visual global light field structures
T. Kartashova 1, I. Heynderickx 2, D. Sekulovski 3, & S. Pont 1
1
Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands 2 Eindhoven University of
Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands 3 Visual Experiences Group, Philips
Research Europe, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
[email protected]
Towards an interactive material probe for visual perception studies
Fan Zhang, Huib de Ridder, & Sylvia Pont
Perceptual Intelligence lab, Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of
Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
[email protected]
Towards an active exploratory listening machine - Modeling binaural perception in
conjunction with cognitive processes
Chungeun Kim, Armin Kohlrausch
Human-Technology Interaction, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
[email protected]
Temporal development of an internal model and its generalization
Bas van Lith, Adjmal M.E Sarwary, W. Pieter Medendorp, Luc P.J. Selen
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen
[email protected]
Perceptual evaluation of differences between original and synthesised musical
instrument sounds
Alejandro Osses, Armin Kohlrausch
Human-Technology Interaction, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
[email protected]
This room feels warm: the effect of warm vs. cold lighting color temperature on
user motivation to change room temperature
Shengnan Lu, Jaap Ham, Cees Midden
Human-Technology Interaction, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
[email protected]
Disentangling effects of percepts and stimuli in Fraser-like displays: an explorative
EEG study
Yun, X., Hazenberg, S.J., Jacobs, R.H.A.H., Qiu, J., Van Lier, R.
17
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition,
Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Shool of psychology, Southwest
University(SWU), Chongqing, China Key laboratory of cognition and personality
(SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
[email protected]
8
Eye movements do not follow perceived location in visual crowding
F Yildirim, S Faraj, F W Cornelissen
Experimental Opthalmology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
[email protected]
9
Connective field mapping in a hemispherectomized patient
M. van Dijk(1), N. Gravel(1), K.V. Haak(2), N.M. Jansonius(1), P. van Dijk(1), F.W.
Cornelissen(1)
(1) University Medical Center Groningen, School of Behavioural and Cognitive
Neurosciences, The Netherlands (2) Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders
Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
[email protected]
10
Glaucoma in a Japanese Population
S.Hanekamp, C.C. Boucard, M. Yoshida, M. Ida, B. ?ur?i?-Blake, F.W.
Cornelissen
Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
[email protected]
11
18
Disentangling the influence of prior knowledge and perceptual processes on
amodal completion using electrophysiological measurements
Simon J. Hazenberg, Rob van Lier
Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen
[email protected]
12
Perceptual complexity and liking of fractal-like statistical geometric patterns
Yagmur Gucluturk, Richard H A H Jacobs, Rob van Lier
Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen
[email protected]
13
The influence of auditory tonality on the judged beauty of paintings
Rob van Lier, Arno Koning
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
Nijmegen
[email protected]
14
Psychoacoustic evaluation of sound impact of the two ISE estimators
Toros Ufuk Senan, Mun Hum Park, Armin Kohlrausch
Philips Research
[email protected]
15
Dark adaptation to non-uniform backgrounds
Mariska Stokkermans, Ingrid Heynderickx
Human-Technology Interaction, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
[email protected]
16
Ill-localized items are devalued, but only when they are well-recognizable
Richard H.A.H. Jacobs, Yagmur Güçlütürk, Rob van Lier
Donders Institue for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
[email protected]
17
Region of eye contact for a humanoid Nao robot
Raymond H. Cuijpers
Human-Technology Interaction, TU Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
[email protected]
18
19
20
21
Grouping interference in ASD: Evidence from a series of Multiple Object Tracking
experiments
Ruth Van der Hallen, Kris Evers, Lee de-Wit, Birgitt Haesen, Jean Steyaert, Ilse
Noens & Johan Wagemans
(1) Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium; (2) Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Belgium; (3) Leuven Autism Research
(LAuRes), KU Leuven, Belgium; (4) Parenting and Special Education Research
Unit, KU Leuven, Belgium; (5) Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
[email protected]
Tactile stimulation encircling the waist can induce circular vection but does not
influence walking
A. M. Tinga, C. Jansen, M. J. van der Smagt, T. C. W. Nijboer, & J. B. F. van Erp
TNO, Department of Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, Soesterberg, The
Netherlands Utrecht University, Department of Experimental Psychology,
Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, and
Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center
Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, The Netherlands.
[email protected]
Hand Detection in the Framework of Egocentric Vision
Alejandro Betancourt, Emilia I. Barakova, Matthias Rauterberg, Carlo Regazzoni
Eindhoven University of Technology; Università degli studi di Genova
[email protected]
Haptic guidance needs to be intuitive not just informative to improve human motor
accuracy
Winfred Mugge, Irene A. Kuling, Eli Brenner, Jeroen B.J. Smeets
MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU
University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[email protected]
19
List of participants
Name
Elahe Arani
Emilia I. Barakova
Femke van Beek
Alejandro Betancourt
Iris van Blitterswijk
Casper de Boer
Jelte E. Bos
Eli Brenner
Chayada Chotsrisuparat
Institute
Biophysics, Donders
Institute Nijmegen
TU/e
VU University Amsterdam
TU/e
Erasmus MC Rotterdam
Erasmus MC Rotterdam
Raymond Cuijpers
Nemanja Cvijanovic
TNO / VU Amsterdam
VU University Amsterdam
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
University Medical Center
Groningen
HTI TU/e
Philips Research
Wim van Damme
Marian Dekker
Koninklijke Visio
Philips Research
Mirjan van Dijk
Garmt Dijkstra
Maurice Donners
University Medical Center
Groningen
University of Copenhagen
Philips Research
Raymond van Ee
Philips
Vebjørn Ekroll
KU Leuven (Belgium)
Casper Erkelens
Helmholtz Instituut,
Universiteit Utrecht
TNO
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Philips Research
James Cooke
Frans W. Cornelissen
Jan van Erp
Andrea Frielink-Loing
Jose A. Garcia-Uceda
Ahmed Gardoh
Leonie Geerdinck
Jeroen Goossens
Marieke van der Graaff
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
VU University Amsterdam
Nicolás Gravel
University of Groningen
Rachel Gross-Hardt
Donders Institute for
Neuroscience
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
KU Leuven (Belgium)
Yagmur Gucluturk
Ruth Van der Hallen
20
E-mail
[email protected]
Phone
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
c.deboer.1@erasmusmc.
nl
[email protected]
[email protected]
c.chotsrisuparat@donder
s.ru.nl
[email protected]
8562
0629371168
0626936334
[email protected]
0503634793
[email protected]
nemanja.cvijanovic@phili
ps.com
[email protected]
[email protected]
m
[email protected]
[email protected]
maurice.donners@philips.
com
raymond.van.ee@philips.
com
[email protected]
ven.be
[email protected]
0651144762
0653943475
0614808457
0618189107
0503634431
0615259862
0621199329
016373272
0302532832
[email protected]
[email protected]
0618129255
[email protected]
0622127211
[email protected]
Leonie.Geerdinck@philip
s.com
[email protected].
nl
m.c.w.vander.graaff@vu.
nl
[email protected]
m
[email protected]
[email protected]
l
[email protected]
0611714547
0618556469
Sandra Hanekamp
Simon Jan Hazenberg
Peter van der Helm
Dik Hermes
Ingrid Heynderickx
Vivian Holten
Mark Houben
Richard Jacobs
Astrid Kappers
Tatiana Kartashova
Johannes Keyser
Chungeun Kim
Thomas Koelewijn
Armin Kohlrausch
Marlou Kooiker
Irene Kuling
Tessa van Leeuwen
Paul Lemmens
Rob van Lier
Bas van Lith
Shengnan Lu
Cristina de la Malla
Jasen Markovski
Winfred Mugge
Floris van Nes
Han Neve
Nynke Niehof
Barbara Nordhjem
Barbara Ohlenforst
Alejandro Osses
Krista Overvliet
Johan Pel
Gosia Perz
Antonella Pomante
Luc Selen
Toros Ufuk Senan
Jeroen Smeets
University Medical Center
Groningen
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
KU Leuven (Belgium)
HTI TU/e
HTI TU/e
Universiteit Utrecht
TNO
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
MOVE Research Institute
Amsterdam
TUDelft
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
HTI TU/e
VU medical center EMGO+
HTI TU/e / Philips Research
Erasmus MC Rotterdam
VU University Amsterdam
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Philips Research
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
HTI TU/e
VU University Amsterdam
GN Resound R&D
VU University Amsterdam
HTI TU/e
Koninklijke Visio
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
University Medical Center
Groningen
VU medical center EMGO+
HTI TU/e
VU University Amsterdam
Neurowetenschappen,
Erasmus MC
Philips Research
Donders Centre for
Cognition
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Philips & TU/e
VU University Amsterdam
uleuven.be
sandrahanekamp@gmail.
com
[email protected]
u.nl
[email protected]
uleuven.be
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
0613920878
0246775330
0402475214
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
u.nl
[email protected]
m
[email protected]
0402475413
0613481412
0243612758
0621537223
0243615698
[email protected]
0638425189
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
om
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
0614777602
0641920544
0630919694
0402475233
0641651318
0641807920
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
m
[email protected]
0624706078
[email protected]
[email protected]
0642039388
0633231142
[email protected]
0653343235
[email protected]
[email protected]
0615363053
0302683562
0107037432
21
Jan Souman
Mariska Stokkermans
Philips Research
HTI TU/e
Angelica Tinga
Mark Vergeer
TNO; Helmholtz Institute
KU Leuven (Belgium)
Lidwien Veugen
Björn Vlaskamp
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Philips Research
Ingrid Vogels
Philips Research
Yang Wang
Marc van Wanrooij
VU medical center EMGO+
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
TNO
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Delft University of
technology
Graduate School of Medical
Sciences Groningen
Biophysics, Donders
institute Nijmegen
Donders Institute, Radboud
University Nijmegen
Perceptual Intelligence Lab
- TU Delft
Electrical Engineering, TU/e
Prof.Dr. P.J. Werkhoven
Richard van Wezel
Ling Xia
Funda Yildirim
Bahram Yoosefizonooz
Xuyan Yun
Fan Zhang
Sveta Zinger
22
[email protected]
m.g.m.stokkermans@tue.
nl
[email protected]
[email protected]
ven.be
[email protected]
[email protected]
om
[email protected]
om
[email protected]
m.vanwanrooij@donders.
ru.nl
[email protected]
[email protected]
+32 468223323
0616307906
0640320887
0243614238
0888668645
[email protected]
0646593313
[email protected]
0642117389
B.YoosefiZonooz@donde
rs.ru.nl
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
0684413499