Heiko van Vliet Electrostimulatie / spierstimulatie in de - O

Heiko van Vliet
Electrostimulatie /
spierstimulatie in de
topsport:
wat is het precies en
hoe wordt het
gebruikt in de
topsport?
15.10 - 15.35
heiko van vliet
Neuro Electrical
Stimulation:
THE ASSET in
Tomorrow’s
Medical & Sports World
Heiko van Vliet
International Business
Development Director - Consumer
Athlete Direct & Clinical Support
[email protected]
Bike Motion
2014
Shoulder instability
&
Im- Pincement
Biomechanical approach
for
prevention and rehabilitation
in practice of sport medicine
Sochi 2014
Why ENMS?
Kayvan M et al, Effect of Electrostimulation Training on Muscle
Strentgth and Sports Performance, Strength and Conditioning Journal
02/2011
• IInd century BC ! ! !
History
 Use of torpedo fishes to relieve pain
• XVIIIth : Galvani’s experience on a frog
 First demonstration of NMES !!!
• 1880-1980 : large technologic advances…
 Empirical approach based on experimentations
 Many different currents : shapes, frequencies…
 Discomfort and low efficiency
• From the 80’s :
 Rational approach based on scientific understanding
 Safe, comfortable, efficient NMES current !
Basic effects of electricity on tissues

Burn

Electrical field

Excitation (ActionPotential)
Elementary Effects of Electrotherapy
Burn
Excitation
Electric field
Penetration of
+/- ions
into the tissues for
medical purposes
Nerve cells
Muscular
cells
DENERVATED
IONTOPHORESIS
Afferent
Efferent
ANALGESIC
NMES
(pain management) (muscular work)
Two types of muscle fibers
Type I Fiber
 Red
 White

S

Type II Fiber
S
 Force - - -
 FORCE + + +
 ENDURANCE + + +
 Aerobic
 Slow twitch fiber
 Endurance - - -
Torque
 Anaerobic
 Fast twitch fiber
Torque
30
100 ms
15 30
ms
Characteristics of muscle twitches
Strength
 Slow twitch fiber
 Fast twitch fiber
15 ms
30 ms
100 ms
Time
Tetanization process SUMMARY
SLOW TWITCH FIBERS
33
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
80
90
100
Hertz
FAST TWITCH FIBERS
66
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Hertz
Frequencies in practical use …?
40 to 70 Hz
75 to 100 Hz
Strength
20 to 30 Hz
Muscle
volume
10 to 20 Hz
Endurance
Improve blood
flow
2 to 9 Hz
100 Hz
Spatial Recruitment and voluntary work-out
• Hennemann principle (size principle)
– Smallest > Largest
– Slow twitch fibers > Fast twitch fibers
• Fast twitch fibers are involved if contractions reach 75%
of the maximal strength

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