Early Literacy and Oral Language Development

Early Literacy and Oral
Language Development
Dr. Mary Abbott
ERF Professional Development
August 14, 2008
Information in this presentation is available for noncommercial use only. You may use the information provided that:
(a) you do not modify or delete any content;
(b) you do not redistribute content without identifying the website and author as the source of content;
(c) the use of content does not suggest that our ERF project promotes or endorses any third party causes, ideas,
Web sites, products or services.
For additional permission requests, please contact
Dr. Mary Abbott, [email protected]
Phonological Awareness
•Phonological Awareness: A sensitivity to
the sounds in spoken language.
•Phonemic Awareness: Part of
phonological awareness.
–The ability to manipulate phonemes or the
sounds of English.
Phonological Awareness
Continuum
Early Developing
Sentence segmentation
Syllable blending and segmentation
Rhyme/alliteration
Onset-rime blending and segmentation
Later Developing-Phonemic Awareness
Phoneme blending, segmenting, and
manipulation
Sentence Segmentation
• Breaking up sentences into separate
words
– I want ice cream (4 words)
– Jack goes to the zoo (5 words)
• How many words do you hear in the
following sentence?
Rob went to school. 4 words
Syllable Blending and
Segmenting
• Syllable: unit of spoken word larger than a phoneme
(individual sound)
• Syllable blending
what word do cup [pause] cake make? Cupcake
• Syllable segmenting
what words are in baseball? Base, ball
Rhyme
• Words having the same ending sound
– Bat, mat, cat, hat
– Mop, stop, top, pop
Alliteration
• Words beginning with the same sound
– Hat, hair, head
– Ball, bat, bed
– Cat, camp, kite
– Jump, giraffe, jam
Onset Rime Blending and
Segmenting
• Word parts that are larger than phonemes but
smaller than syllables
• Onset: initial consonant
/h/ ill (hill)
/m/ at (mat)
• Rime: vowel and following consonants
-ill (hill)
-at (mat)
Phonemic Awareness
• Phoneme isolation
What is the first sound in van? /v/
• Phoneme identity
What sound is the same in fix, fall, and fun? /f/
• Phoneme categorization
Which word does not belong: bus, bun, rug? rug
• Phoneme substitution
The word is bug. Change /g/ o /n/. What’s the new word? bun
Phonemic Awareness
• Phoneme blending
What word is /b/ /i/ /g/? big
• Phoneme segmentation
What sounds are in grab? /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/
• Phoneme deletion
What is smile without the /s/? mile
• Phoneme addition
What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park?
spark
Print Knowledge
Print Knowledge: The understanding
that words are represented by print
(concepts of print), that letters of the
alphabet are represented in different
ways (alphabet/letter knowledge), and
that letters can represent multiple
sounds or the same sound represented
by different letters (phonics).
Concepts of Print
•
•
•
•
•
•
Difference between print and picture
Print has meaning
How to hold a book and turn pages
Parts of a book
Directionality of text reading (left to right)
Difference between letter and numbers
Letter Knowledge
The ability to identify the names and shapes
of the letters of the alphabet.
Letter Knowledge
• Ability to point to the letter that the teacher
says (receptive)
• Ability to say the name of the letter that the
teacher points to (expressive)
Phonics
• Letter/sound correspondences
– Letter B = /b/
Făt Ĕd ĭs nŏt ŭp.
Let’s practice the sounds of these letters
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, y, z
Examples of Difference between Phonological
Awareness and Alphabet Knowledge
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do hit and knit rhyme?
What letter is this?
Can you find the letter r on this page?
Can you tell me the words that begin with the same sound in the
sentence. Mattie makes mashed potatoes?
Let’s clap the syllable in your name.
There is a word on this line that has two Bs in it. Can you find them?
Can the spell your name?
What is the first sound in hat?
Let’s say each sound in hat.
Read the letters in this word.
Sing your alphabet.
What is the last sound you hear in hat?
Do hit and hat rhyme?
Everyone whose name starts with the letter b, please stand up.
Everyone whose name starts with the /b/ sound, please stand up.
Oral Language
The receptive and expressive aspects of
language that involves listening and
speaking.
Language Acquisition
• Language occurs through an interaction of:
– Genes (most animals have innate tendencies
to communicate and be sociable),
– Environment,
– Individual thinking abilities.
Breadth and Depth of Vocabulary
• Breadth – number of words known &
understood
– Breadth is more important than depth for
reading comprehension
• Depth – multiple meanings, level to which
words are understood
– Depth is also important & aids in reading
comprehension
We also know that the recipe
for low vocabulary includes:
• One-way speech from adult to child
• Short, curtailed adult to child
communication (usually a reprimand or
threat)
• Adult watching instead of interacting
Spoken Language Skills
Encourage Language Use:
– Increase the number of conversations
– Repeat words and have children practice with
you
– Check for comprehension
– Use big words and synonyms
• Systematically teach weekly vocabulary and add
related words
• Big – large, huge, gigantic, giant, immense, great,
enormous, whopping, substantial, massive, tall,
spacious
Literacy Environment
• AVOID having children just sit and wait for more
than a minute or two.
– Have books or placements available
• Books and writing material in EVERY center
• Children’s work at eye level throughout room
• During transitions and in bathroom
– Practice letters, nursery rhymes, vocabulary cards
• During meals
– Constant conversation
Practice a 4-5 round conversation
• 1 .Teacher (T) says, “What is this?”
• 1. C (C) says, “It is a cat.”
• 2. T says, “Yes, it is a cat. What do you think it is
doing?”
• 2. C says, “Looking”
• 3. T says, Looking at what?”
• 3. C says, “I don’t know.”
• 4. T says, “If I were a cat and looking toward the
sky, I might see a bird. What do think the cat
might see?”
• 4. C says, “a tree.”
• 5. T says, “He might be looking at a tree. Cats
love to climb trees.
Your Turn

Download Report