Precursors of Structuralism Language Durkheim and idea of sacred/profane Linguistics Melds Sociology, the study of social action and interaction, with Linguistics Anthropology Structuralism Scientific view of social order based on language Reaction to humanism Individual subject to effect of impersonal forces Beneath the values and interests are structures based on language Structuralism Linguistics based view of social interaction Saussure—language as a system of signs based on difference Relation of sound and the object represented is outcome of collective learning Signifier-signified connection key Structuralism Levi-Strauss Society a a super-language Unconscious mental structures create social order Myth, kinship, ritual and beliefs form elementary elements of structure Derrida An agency theory of language Focus on difference Deconstruction of logical relationships of signifier and signified to reveal hidden difference Decenters theory and leaves what? Derrida Concept of deconstruction Relationship to critical theory Socialization and language function in process Coincides with the politics of difference Derrida Language as unstable and changing Multiple meanings for each word Context matters to meaning Semiotics Broader than structural linguistics Structure of sign “systems” Can include nonverbal communication, symbolic behaviors and representations and ritual Expanded Saussure’s concept to all areas of social life Levi-Strauss Language as only one for of social communication Kinship and Ritual Phonemes Language as a structure of the mind Structural Marxism Study of structure as a prerequisite to the study of history Inner logic of structural systems must be examined before origins are analyzed Reality is not directly visible or palpable Reality must be determined by looking at underlying logic through scientific cognition to see social order (and disorder) Summation Language as the highest form of structure and interaction Social control through signification of meaning to objects—real or constructed Socialization makes us subjects of knowledge systems Who controls meanings? Summation To get to real social knowledge must deconstruct the rules of control— deconstruct the language and the meanings ascribed to things/words See beyond the words to the true meaning
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